Category: Education

HOW TO TURN INTO A MORNING PERSON

There are two kinds of people: the night owls and the early birds. But if we look at the recent pattern the number of night owls have increased. People prefer finishing their work during their night time when everything around them is quite and there are no distractions. Oh the other hand there are people who believe in the saying “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”. These people are called ‘larks’ or as more commonly known as a morning person.

Switching from being a night owl to a morning person is easy but it requires a little effort on the part of the person. Let’s look at some tips for the same:

  • TAKE A WALK: After you have had your dinner, go for a little walk. This will serve two benefits, one it is great for your digestion and second it will hep you tire yourself out leading to good night sleep and eventually waking up early.
  • DON’T HIT THAT SNOOZE BUTTON: Snooze buttons are a curse for people who wish to wake up early. That extra 5 minutes of sleep is more relaxing than the 6-7 hours sleep you’ve already had. Something that could help with this little situation is not keeping your phone on your night stand before going to sleep. I advise you to keep your phone away from your bed, so that every time the alarm goes off you have to get up from the bed to turn it off and that is the push you need.
  • CONSISTENT BEDTIME: If your bedtime is consistent, you will develop a healthy morning routine. After a few days you will automatically start waking up early if you go to bed at the same time every night.
  • TRY A DIFFERENT ALARM APPLICATION: There are several mobile applications that are specifically designed to help you wake up on time. For example: the application consists of a bunch of activities you have to perform in order to get the alarm to turn off. These activities include solving a series of math problems or walking a certain number of steps or playing a memory game, etc. Performing these tasks is harder when you are not fully in your senses yet and thus these simple tasks are enough to wake you up from your sleep.
  • REMEMBER YOUR GOAL: Always remember why you started doing something. Always keep your goal in mind. Always remember the reason you took the first step. This will go a long way in ensuring that the first thought in your mind is your goal and that will surely stop you from hitting that snooze button.
  • REDUCE YOUR CAFFEINE INTAKE: Avoid taking caffeine after your lunch. This will help you fall asleep naturally and you wouldn’t have to force yourself to sleep at night.
  • TURN OFF YOUR SOCIAL MEDIA: It is important that you stop scrolling through your social media while laying on the bed. This could consume hours of your time and also cause strain on your eyes and brain. Try to stay off the internet before going back to bed and also avoid checking your social media the first thing in the morning. It’s not good for you either way.
  • MAKE A SCHEDULE: To develop a habit, you must make a schedule and ensure that you stick to it. It takes 21 days to build a habit and if you keep your sleep cycle the same for that duration of time, you will turn into a morning person eventually.

Adopting a new habit is always challenging. However, nothing comes easy. Everything requires an effort. Fixing your sleep schedule is a tough job but once you do that, you will realize that waking up early has it’s own benefits physically and especially mentally. So, if you want to get more work done during the day, you owe it to yourself to give these techniques a try.

JEE mains 4 attempt postponed

In order provide the gap between JEE mains 3 and JEE mains 4 , NTA has announced to postponed the JEE mains 4 ( may session) .Now Jee mains 4 will be conducted on August 26,27 ,31 , September 1 and 2 ,2021.

The Hon’ble education minister Pradhan says “In view of the persistent demand from the student community and to enable the candidates to maximize their performance, the NTA has been advised to provide a gap of four weeks between session 3 and session 4 of the JEE(Main) 2021 Exam.”

Now the application will be accepted till 20th july 2021.Students whose who have not applied at can do so before 20th july 2021.

The NTA releases official notice stating “With a view to remove hardships caused to candidates and to ensure larger participation of candidates, it has been decided to extend the last date further for: submission of online application form by new candidates and withdrawal/ correction by the existing/ interested candidates for the exam,”

Mental Health should be given Importance

In todays time with the ongoing pandemic, mental health should be the concern for everyone. It can affect every aspect of a person’s life.

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Mental illness can have a negative impact on daily life, relationships, and physical health.


This link, however, also works in the opposite direction. Mental health issues can be caused by a variety of causes, including personal circumstances, interpersonal relationships, and physical conditions. Stress, despair, and anxiety can all have an impact on a person’s mental health and disturb their daily routine.

Taking care of one’s mental health can help one’s ability to appreciate life. To do so, you must strike a balance between your daily activities, duties, and efforts to improve your psychological resilience.

Mental health, according to the WHO, is “more than merely the absence of mental diseases or disabilities.” Peak mental health entails not only avoiding active mental illnesses but also maintaining overall well-being and happiness.”

They also underline the need of protecting and repairing mental health on an individual level, as well as in many groups and societies around the world.

Mental health is essential to our ability to think, emote, interact with others, earn a living, and enjoy life on a collective and individual level. On this basis, mental health promotion, protection, and restoration might be considered a critical concern for individuals, communities, and societies all over the world.

What does mental health basically mean:


“Mental health is a condition of well-being in which a person recognizes his or her own potential, is able to cope with typical life challenges, is able to work efficiently, and is able to contribute to his or her community.“

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The early signs of Mental Disorder can be :

There is no reliable physical test or scan that can determine whether or not someone has developed a mental disorder. However, the following are probable indications of a mental health condition that people should be aware of.

1)Avoiding activities that they would typically like withdrawing from friends, family, and coworkers sleeping too much or too little

2)Too much or too little food

3)Feeling despondent

4)Having low energy levels on a regular basis

5)Using mood-altering substances such as alcohol and nicotine on a more regular basis

6)Expressing negative feelings

7)Being perplexed

8)Having persistent thoughts or memories that resurface on a frequent basis being unable to execute daily duties, such as commuting to work or cooking a meal

9)Considering harming yourself or others physically

10)Recognising voices

11)Having hallucinations

SELF HELP IS IMPORTANT

A person dealing with mental health issues will almost always need to make lifestyle modifications in order to be well.

Reducing alcohol consumption, sleeping more, and eating a well-balanced, healthy diet are examples of such adjustments. People may need to take time from work or handle personal relationship issues that are negatively impacting their mental health.

Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and mindfulness may be beneficial to people suffering from anxiety or depression.

Having a support network, whether through self-help groups or close friends and family, is extremely important for mental illness rehabilitation.

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TREATMENT AND CARE OF MENTAL HEALTH

Suicide prevention, the prevention and treatment of mental problems in children, the prevention and treatment of dementia, and the treatment of substance abuse disorders all have a number of successful interventions. The mental health Gap Action Programmed (MH GAP) has developed evidence-based guidelines for non-specialists to help them better identify and manage a variety of mental health conditions.

In the framework of national efforts to design and execute mental health policy, it is critical to not only safeguard and promote citizens’ mental well-being, but also to address the needs of people with specific mental diseases.

LIFE A GUIDED PATH

                                                           LEARN YOUR LIFE BY YOUR WAY/JOURNEY

There is always a conflict between our heart and mind to explore or to cling on with the wise people’s saying before starting our track of life/career. In my opinion I require I both to be implemented in life as not everything can be known to everyone. But choose try your journey to write your novel and recite it to others. An unguided travel will always have various adventures and mysteries to be revealed, “Life is a journey explore your experience by unfolding mysteries”.  

“Life is a stage where men and women are mere players

They come and play their part and leave the stage” – Words told by Shakespeare

 So no one is permanent and don’t depend on others make yourself depended on you. As an infant you try to crawl then try to walk followed by jogging and finally running. Each and every step is taken by you is your effort to grasp things at every level and learn them after you mature every stage in life. Instead of getting guidance try to gain your guidance by making your way of what your mind says. You can do work your thinking tells you as it has never gone wrong. If you learn without training you will never forget your lesson that made you perfect out of the incidence. As you learn without training you improve your skills and your character to understand every aspect in life.

“Not everyone is perfect it is life shaping people in their own destiny”

Help yourself in understanding things without your rage or anger controlling you. You’re thinking and actions in life helps you decide who you are. Trespass your limits and create your path where there is a block. As you move forward you will face every aspect of life understanding factors like adjustments, emotions, sadness, sorrow. The more you explore, the deep you learn and face boldly to overcome your hinderances out of courage. Guidance helps you to travel safely but own path makes you to face the obstacle and how strong you are by heart. And it is an unavoidable fact that still 2 out of 4 children are handled and guided until their old days without they taking their own pavement. “Help children to find paths but don’t travel with their paths as the path will travel and teach them the value of them”.

Improving ‘syllabus’ at school

India is a country where people from different religions, customs, regions, etc. reside without any restriction. But it is often seen that people fight for their religion or castes either to establish supremacy over others’ or to protect theirs’. Isn’t it ironical to hear same people singing “Bharat Mata Ki Jai” during political rallies or on national days!

People celebrating the Gandhi Jayanti don’t even hesitate to spread violence when it comes to their so called self-respect. Is this what the slogan of “unity in diversity” strives ?

The loophole stands in the education system. The youth today is walking on the path enlightened by the corrupt and selfish people of the society. We are not empowered enough to take action since everyone is either scared or lack adequate resources. The world is revolving fast. It is peak time for action which should start by providing correct and necessary information and knowledge to the students.

It should be taught at school level to respect each person you meet, to be kind to every section of society, to learn from failures rather than taking revenge or hurting oneself. The secondary level begins from sixth standard in school which should be the time Life lessons should be started for the students where they would learn what the world offers to the people and how they can tackle their problems.

Personal mentorship should be provided to guide each one through the circumstances they may be facing. Only textbook knowledge cannot make a person successful. Education should be learning based. Some schools follow it by arranging sessions for their students but this is majorly the case of private schools. Now that the govt. is improving the facilities in public schools, such programmes should be arranged which will guide the students in their problems.

Health and sanitation is a must to be taught from beginning, not only through books but the students should be taught such basic things during interactions. Syllabus should not be the focus point of the teachers at schools. Shaping the students in a way that they become responsible citizens and more importantly good human being, should be a matter of concern for the teachers. Being formal and not interacting with students on a regular basis happens to be the reason why today, nobody cares for anybody. People don’t even talk without any self motive.

Teachers always stress on procuring good marks which brings competition to life at early stage. The time has come when the world needs to pace down and bring out moments of life. It seems like machines are working when people work hard to earn more comfort. They should bring out moments for themselves to improve as a human not as a worker.

The Education system is designed in a way that personality development gets compromised in front of theoretical knowledge, hindering the youth to step up for themselves. A good system supports well being of the society as a whole without discriminating on the basis of caste, religion, gender, etc.

Sleep-the need

One of the important part of your daily routine, which helps to do all other tasks of the day perfectly is a good sleep. Or we can say quality sleep. Every animals without any discrimination need sleep. It is as essential as food and water. Without sleep it becomes harder to concentrate on the tasks. It is basically essential to keep human being sane. Sleep is also important to functioning of brain. It also influences the communication of nerve cells. Many unwanted things your brain built during the day are removed while you are sleeping. Lack of sleep increases the chances of getting affected by different disorders.

how much a person sleep?

Need for sleep and pattern of sleep differ with age. A newborn sleeps almost 16-18 hours, while a grownup may sleep only for 8 hours. Even sleep pattern differs between individuals of same age group. But an average time is decided by surveys and studies. This not a prescription, but a result of a study. Average school student may need 9 hours sleep. Adults sleep for 7-8 hours. Older people normally sleep less. Children sleep very deep and their sleep will not get disturbed easily. But older people tend to get disturbed and awakened easily.

mechanism of sleep

Two things maintain your sleep mechanism. You may have heard of circadian rhythm. This directs different functions of the body like metabolism, body temperature, alertness, hormone release etc. This rhythm also controls sleep. This rhythm decides when you should be awake and when you should sleep. This rhythm makes you sleepy at night and makes you alert during the day time. This circadian rhythm gets synchronized with your surrounding environment. This may include your habits or weather around you like temperature or intensity of light. But they will work in the absence of these little information.

The other thing is the homeostasis. This keeps a track of your need of sleep. This works as a reminder telling your body to sleep at a certain time. This is the thing that maintains hoe intense your sleep is going to be. If you are deprived of sleep, this makes you sleep longer when you get to sleep.

There are many factors that influence your sleep mechanism. The medications if you are on any, your medical condition, The place where you sleep and your food habits. Exposure to light makes it difficult to sleep because some special cells in the eyes process the light and instructs the brain whether it is daytime or night. The Jet lag people face after a long flight is because of the disturbances in the circadian rhythm. people face problems when there is imbalance between the body clock and the actual clock.

some tips to sleep well
  • Try maximum to be in sync with the natural clock.
  • Try to sleep and getup everyday at same time.
  • Take care about your food habit and eat healthy.
  • Try to make your room completely dark while sleeping but be in bright light in the day time when you are fully awake.
  • Stay away from mobile or television at least 1 hour prior to your sleep.
  • Include exercise in your daily routine.
  • Avoid caffeine or nicotine as the sleep time is approaching near to you.
  • Be as much stress-less as you can.
  • Keep your room quiet.

a good sleep is everyone’s need and don’t allow your busy life to take a toll on your sleep. Sleep well and be healthy and be productive.

Software Engineering – A Layered Approach

What is layered approach of Software Engineering ?

Software engineering deals with process, methods, and their implementation tools and finally the quality of the product.This is known as the layered approach of software engineering

  1. Quality Focus

 Software engineering is a layered technology. Referring to Figure 1.1, any engineering approach must
rest on an organizational commitment to quality.
 Total quality management, Six Sigma and similar principles help a continuous software process
improvement, and this ultimately leads to the development of increasingly more mature approaches to
software engineering.
 The bedrock that supports software engineering is a quality focus.

2. Process Layer

 The foundation for software engineering is the process layer.
 Software engineering process is the glue that holds the technology layers together and enables balanced
and timely development of computer software.
 Process defines a framework for a set of key process areas that must be established for effective
delivery of software engineering technology.
 Process defines the context in which technical methods can be applied, work products are produced,
milestones are established, quality is ensured etc.

3. Method Layer

 Software engineering methods provide the technical how-to’s for building software.
 Methods encompass a broad array of tasks that include communication, requirements analysis, design,program construction, testing, and support.

4. Tools Layer

 Software engineering tools provide automated or semi-automated support for the process and the
methods.
 Tools are combines so that information created by one tool can be used by another, a system that is
developed for the support of software development, is called as computer-aided software engineering(CASE). CASE combines software, hardware, and a software engineering database.

Characteristics of a Good Software

A software product can be judged by what it offers and how well it can be used. This software must satisfy on the following grounds: Operational, Transitional, Maintenance Well-engineered and crafted software is expected to have the following characteristics:

  1. Operational:

This tells us how well software works in operations. It can be measured on:

  • Budget
  • Usability
  • Efficiency
  • Correctness
  • Functionality
  • Dependability
  • Security
  • Safety

2. Transitional:

This aspect is important when the software is moved from one platform to another:

  • Portability
  • Interoperability
  • Reusability
  • Adaptability

3. Maintenance:

This aspect briefs about how well software has the capabilities to maintain itself in the ever-
changing environment:

  • Modularity
  • Maintainability
  • Flexibility
  • Scalability

EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT DAY IN TAMILNADU!!!

Though many National leaders rendered their selfless service to our country, one among them to be noted was the Kingmaker Kamaraj. K. Kamaraj, familiarly known as Kamarajar was an independent activist and the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. He was popularly known as the Kingmaker of India during the 1960s. He supported Lal Bahadur Shastri, to be the President of India after the death of Nehru. After the sudden dismissal of Lal Bahadur Shastri, he supported Indira Gandhi to be the President of India. He was a man of simplicity and known for his best leadership in the development of Tamil Nadu. The Midday Meals Scheme introduced by him was very popular in India. He was popularly known as Karmaveerar, KalviKan Thirantha Mudhalvar, etc.

K KAMARAJ – Former Chief Minister Of TamilNadu

Kamaraj was born on 15th July 1903 at Virudhunagar in TamilNadu to Kumarasamy and Sivagami Ammal. His birth name was Kamatchi and later changed to Kamarajar. He studied primary education in a traditional school and he was to drop out because of his father’s death to support his family. He had a younger sister named Nagammal. He worked in his uncle’s shop and begun to attend political meetings and common meetings related to Home Rule Movement. He developed his interest in politics by reading daily newspapers. In 1920, at the age of 18, he became a very enthusiastic person and joined Indian National Congress. He organized public meetings for leaders in Virudhnagar and was very eager to meet Mahatma Gandhi. As he wished, he met Gandhiji for the first time in the meeting. Kamaraj went to jail for two years for taking part in ‘Salt Sathyagraha’ led by C. Rajagopalachari at Vedaranyam.

At the age of 34, he contested in the Legislative election for the first time and marked his first victory at Sattur in 1937. He stuck by the principle ‘ One should not accept any post/leadership to which one could not do full justice ‘. In 1954, Kamaraj became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. Various schemes and deeds introduced by him as a Chief Minister are as follows:

  • He removed Hereditary Education Policy introduced by Rajaji.
  • He reopened more than 12,000 schools during his leadership as a Chief Minister.
  • Education and trade hiked during his period.
  • Kamarajar aimed to eradicate illiteracy and introduced compulsory education. The literacy rate was 7% during the British period but during his period, the literacy rate increased to 37%.
  • He also introduced the Midday Meals Scheme to provide atleast one healthy meal per day to the poor and needy children. He introduced the uniform scheme to the school children to eradicate the germination of caste-based flaws in young minds.
  • He built several irrigation canals during his period. He built nine dams which are appreciated till now and they are as strong as him.
  • Huge investment industries such as Neyveli Lignite Corporation, BHEL, etc. were started during his period.

He has been the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for three consecutive terms, by the victory in 1957 and 1962. His ruling period was known as the Golden Age of Tamil Nadu. Kamaraj was a great follower of Mahatma Gandhi, yet to this fact, he died on 2nd October 1975 during his sleep in his native Virudhunagar. He was awarded ‘Bharat Ratna’ posthumously in 1976. The Chennai Airport is named after him as Kamaraj Terminal.

His birthday is celebrated as ‘ Education Development Day ‘ in Tamil Nadu every year. Though he died, his good deeds remain in the hearts of the people.

Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of Education.

– K Kamaraj.

Basics of Software Engineering

What is a Software ?

  • It is a set of instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired function and performance.
  • It is a Data structures that enable the programs to adequately manipulate information.
  • It is a Documents that describe the operation and use of the programs.

What is Embedded Software ?

 Intelligent products have become commonplace in nearly every consumer and industrial market.
 Embedded software resides in read-only memory and is used to control products and systems for the
consumer and industrial markets.
 Embedded software can perform very limited and esoteric functions (e.g., keypad control for a
microwave oven) or provide significant function and control capability (e.g., digital functions in an
automobile such as fuel control, dashboard displays, and braking systems).
 A function point extension called feature points.
 It is a superset of the function point measure that can be applied to systems and engineering software applications.

 The feature point measure accommodates applications in which algorithmic complexity is high. Real-
time, process control and embedded software applications tend to have high algorithmic complexity and are therefore amenable to the feature point.

Changing Nature of Software

 Whenever one starts with the software implementation changes can occur any time.
 The software can be change due to any reason.
 But while implementing software one should be ready for such changes as if changes occur there shall not be drastic change in the system.
 The development team should manage to implement/mould the implemented system so that the
changes can be reflected and the user requirements meet.
 When change occur the team look for the current status of the system and from there onwards they starts implementing a system with new requirements of a user or changes which is to be implemented in a system.

BIOGRAPHY of ‘Swami Vivekanand’

Born: 12 January, 1863

Place of Birth: Kolkata, India

Childhood Name: Narendranath Dutta

Father: Vishwanath Dutta

Mother: Bhuvaneshwari Devi

Education: Calcutta Metropolitan School; Presidency College, calcutta

Religion: Hinduism

Guru: Ramakrishna

Founder of: Ramakrishna Mission (1897), Ramakrishna Math, Vedanta Society of New York

Philosophy: Advaita Vedanta

Literary works: Raja Yoga (1896), Karma Yoga (1896), Bhakti Yoga (1896), Jnana Yoga, My Master (1901), Lectures from Colombo to Almora (1897)
Death: 4 July, 1902

Place of Death: Belur Math, Belur, Bengal

Memorial: Belur math, west bengal

About Swami Vivekanand:-

There are some rare men who leave their footprints on the sands of time, becoming a source of motivation for thousands of lost wanderers in the battlefield of life. Swami Vivekananda is one such example. “Come up, o lions and shake off the delusion that you are sheep; you are souls immortal, spirits free, blest and eternal….’ These words of stunning optimism proclaimed the arrival of a prophet- philosopher no less than Swami Vivekananda on the stage of the world. Such were his words that shook the world in the Chicago address on 19 September 1893. A young, educated man, Narendranath Dutta once walked the path of scepticism and even cynicism when it came to religion.

“All the powers in the universe are already our. It is we who have put our hands before our eyes and cry that it is dark.”- –Swami Vivekananda“

A visit to Ramakrishna Paramahansa changed his life. He challenged Ramakrishna’s claims of having seen God. Ramakrishna put his fingers on Naren’s heart, and in a moment of overwhelmingly powerful spiritual vision, Naren discovered God everywhere- from the rich man in his mansion to the poor rickshaw puller on the streets of Kolkata. God was no more a wishful thinking confined to the Kali temple at Ramakrishna’s Dakshineshwar. He was a living entity beyond all limitations of caste, creed, religion, language, time and space. Thus Narendranath Dutta metamorphosed into Swami Vivekananda, a disciple of Ramakrishna. This, however, was merely the beginning. The master, Ramakrishna, had told him before his passing away that he, Naren, would have to do ‘Mother’s work’, to teach mankind and be like a banyan tree, giving shelter to the tired and weary. In January 1891, he left the company of his brother monks and traversed the country from the North to the South alone with God. He wept to see the suffering and ignorance of the poor, and was disturbed at the material complacency of the affluent classes. The picture of ancient India appeared vividly before his eyes in all its grandeur and glory, and the contrast was unbearable. Swamiji set upon himself the task of rebuilding a new and rejuvenated India.

“

“Learn everything that is good from others but bring it in, and in your own way absorb it; do not become others.” –Swami Vivekanand‘.

Be it his journey to America or the lecture at Chicago or the setting up of the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897, his main aim was service to mankind and the rebuilding of a young, vibrant and educated India. · Ramakrishna Mission today is a giant organisation which dedicates itself to the execution of extensive educational and philanthropic work in India and abroad, and expounds the profound Vedantic philosophy preached by Swamiji. The impact Swamiji had on India and across the world can be best understood by the comment made by The New York Herald about his speech at Chicago; ‘He (Swamiji) is undoubtedly the greatest figure in the Parliament of Religions. After hearing him, we see how foolish it is to send missionaries to this learned nation.

“Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life; dream of it; think of it; live on that idea. Let the brain, the body, muscles, nerves, every part of your body be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success, and this is the way great spiritual giants are produced.”

― Swami Vivekananda

Narendranath Dutta was born on 12 January 1863, and Swam Vivekananda passed away on July 4, 1902. But the lionheart with his piercing eyes, mobile lips, swift movements, clad in yellow and orange, shining like the sun of India in the heavy atmosphere of Chicago, lives on in the memory of millions. He inspires every ma in the world to ‘arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached.

You have to grow from the inside out. None can teach you, none can make you spiritual. There is no other teacher but your own soul.”
― Swami Vivekananda

If anyone wants to study the origin of the Vedanta movement in America then study Swami Vivekananda travels across the US. He was a great thinker, great orator, and passionate patriot. It is not wrong to say that he was more than just a spiritual mind.

“Be the servant while leading. Be unselfish. Have infinite patience, and success is yours.”
― Swami Vivekananda

“Jawaharlal Nehru” Biography

Jawaharlal Nehru was the first prime minister of India. He was born in
Allahabad United provinces British Raj November 1889. His father’s name
of Motilal Nehru and mother’s name was Swaruprani Thussu. His father was a politician and Indian lawyer his mother was Motilal`s second wife. He was the first of the three children of her parents.

Nehru received most of his primary education at home with the help of several tutors and governors. At the age of 15 Nehru was enrolled at Harrow School in England. Then he got admission at Trinity College Cambridge. After graduate degree Nehru enrolled himself at the Inns of Court School of Law in 1910 and studied law. In two year passed in Bar Examination and was offered to be admitted to the English bar Nehru returned to his Homeland in 1912 and
started practicing law as a barrister at the Allahabad High Court. He married
Kamala Kaul on February 8th, 1969 at the age of Indira Priyadarshini to become the first woman Prime Minister of the country.

1916 Nehru first met Gandhi a relationship that turned to be one of a lifetime for the two with Gandhi as his mentor Nehru Rose to prominence in the National Congress so much so that he was elected to the post of the general secretary of the Congress Nehru not only contributed greatly to the
National Movement in India but also gave the freedom struggle and international Outlook in 1927 following the rejection of Gandhi plea and Nehru Presidency over the Lahore session of Congress in 1928 Nehru
demanded complete Independence this resolution made him one of the most significant leaders of the independent movement he along with Gandhi manifested Limited civil disobedience and was jailed for the same in 1947 India rejected the withdrawal of the British from the Indian solid it suffered the pain of partition as the British had decided to partition of the
the country into India and Pakistan Pakistan was formed on August 14, 1947. Nehru became the first Prime Minister of independent India from August 15 1947 until May 2, 1964,4 Nehru during his term as the Prime Minister brought forward radical changes in domestic international, economic, agricultural and social policies for the same he established numerous
Institutions of Higher Learning to educate Young India include free and compulsory primary education to all children in his five-year plan throughout.

Nehru region Kashmir reminded a subject of contention both India and Pakistan wanted to include state in the country Pakistan in 1948 even made an attempt at seizing Kashmir by force but failed in their
attempt it was during his time that the Portuguese left Goa and the region
become a part of India he was referred to as the architect of modern India Nehru was best out with the Bharat Ratna award in 1955 India’s highest civilian honor 3 died in New Delhi India on 27 may 1964 at age of 74 “Without peace all other dream vanish and are reduced to Ashes”.

Confidence:a key to success?

Confidence means feeling sure of yourself and your abilities in a realistic and secure way. Yes, it is rightly said that confidence is the key to success. It is built on the choices and accomplishments that feed your passion, most of all making you happy and feeling proud on yourself.

It doesn’t mean to feel like superior from others or in any arrogant way but to believe in a positive manner that you’re capable. A confident person can achieve the goals and face the scenarios of life far better than those who lacks it.

The people who are confident enough are admired by others ,can take the risk , look up the situations positively and also inspire others.

” low self-confidence isn’t a life sentence. Self confidence can be learned , practiced and mastered- just like any other skill. Once you master it, everything in your life will change for the better”.

Barrie Davenport

Tips to be confident:

  1. It is obvious that if you don’t believe in yourself how do u expect any other person to do that ? Confidence begins to develop by the time of accomplishment of the goals. So GET THE THINGS DONE is the foremost step in which you are required to set-up your day-to-day goals and when you will achieve them, automatically you will have the confidence of doing it.
  2. Just setting up of the goals is not enough and there comes the second tip to MONITOR THE PROGRESS by which you can easily know how much you have achieved and also can make any changes in your goals if needed to satisfy them.
  3. The way you appear or dress have a significant impact on your confidence .So DRESS SMART , it is the international symbol of status and no matter where you live it is always preferable to bring more attractiveness and confidence in you.
  4. Here comes the role of a BODY LANGUAGE which plays more important role in judging the personality of a person. Behave in a manner which will present you more confident . Always walk tall ,have an eye contact while talking and be energetic.
  5. Find out your strengths and try to LEVERAGE YOUR STRENGTHS dont give much focuss on your shortcomings otherwise you will become less confident. Just know your areas of master and bring them to more upper level to increase them it will eventually help you to be more confident about yourself.

Assam-Mizoram border dispute

On July 11, 2021, two grenade explosions occurred in Cachar district in Assam near Mizoram border, targeting construction workers. This attack was followed by counter attack from the people of Assam. The main reason appears to be the infamous, unrelenting Assam-Mizoram border dispute.

Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Northeast_india_map.png#filelinks

The Assam-Mizoram border dispute, one of the many state border disputes in India, dates back to the colonial era when several state boundaries were demarcated to suit the British administrative needs. The states of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh were earlier collectively known as the ‘Greater Assam’. The regional and cultural diversity in this large state was the cause of internal conflict in the state. Also keeping in mind the 1962 border dispute with China, the division of state was essential for national integrity as well as internal peace.

So, the state of Assam was disintegrated to form Arunachal Pradesh(union territory in 1972 and upgraded to a state in 1987) , Nagaland(1987), Meghalaya(1972) , Mizoram(UT-1972 and state-1987) . However, Britishers passed two notifications- 1. The notification of 1875- Defines the boundary between Lushai Hills(present day Mizoram) and Cachar Hills 2. The notification of 1933- Defines the boundary between Lushai hills and Manipur, And thus, when the state of Mizoram was formed, the conflict between Mizoram and Assam started. The state of Assam and Mizoram share a 164 km (approx.) border between Cachar, Hailkandi and Karimganj districts of Assam and Kolasib, Mamit and Aizwal district of Mizoram. Both sides follow a natural border(those of mountains). While disintegrating Assam, the government did not pay due attention to the Tribal realities and ethnic composition. Hence, there continues to be a considerable population of Mizos and Nagas in the Cachar Hills, making it possible for both Mizoram and Nagaland to claim these territories in Assam. Also, the people of Mizoram follow the 1875 notification(they believe the Mizo community was not consulted before issuing the notification) and those of Assam follow the 1933 notification.

This is a long unresolved dispute and its high time that it be solved. Amidst this raging pandemic and its socio-economic implications and growing international tensions, the central government has already got a lot in its plate and dumping these inter-state disputes upon the central government in such times of crisis in no wise move on anybody’s part. And so, the states must themselves come together for a peace negotiation as early as possible or otherwise accept a third party intervention. Or, the central government should revive the inter-state council or set up a zonal council to effectively address these disputes. With the NDA government in power in all these states as well the center, a political solution seems a relatively lucrative option. With growing concerns of Chinese developments amongst several Asian countries, addressing disputes of states that are bound to face Chinese interference via its BRI near India’s North-east becomes all the more important.

|Political parties and Party system in India|

Political parties are voluntary associations for organised groups of individuals who share the same political views and who try to gain political power through constitutional means and who decide to work for promoting the national interest. 

There are four types of political parties in the modern democratic states : Reactionary parties which cling to the old social economic and political institutions, conservative parties which believe in the status quo, liberal parties which aim at reforming the existing institutions and radical parties which aim at establishing a new order by overthrowing the existing institutions.

Characteristics of party system in India:

Multi party system- The continental size of the country, the diversifying character of Indian society, the adoption of Universal adult franchise, the particular type of political process and other factors have given rise to a large number of political parties. In fact, India has the largest number of political parties in the world.

One dominant party system- In spite of the multi party system the political scene in India was dominated for a long time by the Congress, hence Rajni Kothari an eminent political analyst prefers to call the Indian party system as “one party dominance system” or the “Congress system”.

Lack of clear ideology- Except the BJP and two Communist Parties (CPI and CPM), all the parties do not have a clear cut ideology. They are ideologically closer to each other. They have a close resemblance in their policies and programmes.  Almost every party advocates democracy, secularism, socialism and Gandhism.

Personality cult- Quite often, the parties are organised around an eminent leader who becomes more important than the party and its ideology. Parties are known by their leaders rather than by their manifesto. It is a fact that the popularity of Congress was mainly due to the leadership of Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi.

Based on traditional factors- In the western countries, political parties are formed on the basis of socio-economic and political programmes. On the other hand, a large number of parties in India are formed on the basis of religion, caste , language , culture , race and so on. 

Emergence of Regional parties- Another significant feature of Indian party system is the emergence of a large number of Regional parties and their growing role. They have become the ruling parties in various states like BJD in Odisha, Akali Dal in Punjab and so on.

Factions and defections- Factionalism, defections, splits, mergers, fragmentation, polarization and so on have been an important aspect of the functioning of political parties in India. The passion for power and material considerations have made politicians leave their party and join other party or start a new party.

Lack of effective opposition- An effective opposition is very essential for the successful operation of the parliamentary democracy prevalent in India. It checks the autocratic tendencies of the ruling party and provides an alternative government. However, in the last 50 years an effective, strong, organised and viable natural or position could never emerge except in flashes.