Category: Education

“ARISTOTLE” Biography

“Aristotle” was a philosopher and teacher of Alexander “The Great”. He was born in 384 BC on Stagira, Greece. His father’s name was Nicomachus. His father Nicomachus named him Aristotle, which means “the best purpose”. His father served as a personal physician to king Amyntas of Macedon.

Being a physician’s son he was inspired to his father’s scientific work but did not show much interest in medicine. When he turned 18, he is shifted to Athens to pursue his education at Plato’s Academy. He left Athens somewhere in 348-347 B.C, spending almost 20 years in the City 343 B.C, after the death of Hermias, Philip II of Macedon invited him to become the tutor of his son Alexander Aristotle became the head of Royal Academy of macedon here he become a tutor not only to Alexander but came lessons to two other future kings- Cassander and Ptolemy- as well. In his role as tutor to Alexander, he encouraged him to conquer east. In 335 B.C, he returned to Athens where he established his own school called Lyceum. For the next 12 years, Aristotle organized his school as a centre of research on astronomy, zoology, geography, physics, anatomy and many other fields. Aristotle wrote 170 books, 47 of which still exists more than 2,000 years later. Aristotle was also a philosopher who wrote about ethics psychology economics theology Political Science and rhetoric later inventions search of the telescope and the microscope would prove many of Aristotle’s theories to be incorrect but his ideas formed the basis of modern science Aristotle married two times first time to Pythias. A daughter was born to the couple. Later he married of Stageira. They blessed with a son. He breathed his last, in 322 B.C, in Euboea, due to natural causes, at the age of 62. “PLEASURE IN THE JOB PUTS PERFECTION IN THE WORK”.

Indian Fiscal System

It refers to the management of revenue and capital expenditure finances of the state.

  1. Fiscal system of a country refers to the revenue and capital resources that can be raised by government, the procedure to be observed in raising and spending funds and in case of a federation such as ours the provision that governs the relationship of the constituent unit of federation. It includes with in its purview taxation, expenditure, debt management and inter- governmental fiscal relation.
  2. Indian fiscal system is based on the constitution of India which is federal in character. The constitution envisages two layers of government: the Union of central government and the state government. Local bodies do not find a place in the constitution and the function and resources allotted to them are delegated by the state government.

Fiscal Policy:- It is how a government rectifies its spending levels and tax ratios to monitor and influence a nation’s economy. It is the sister strategy to Monetary Policy through which a Union Bank influences a nation’s money reserve. These uses can affect the following macroeconomic variable in the economy:

• Aggregate demand and the level of economic activity;

• The distribution of income;

• The pattern of resource allocation within the government sector and relative to the private sector.

Sources of Revenue:- The main sources of revenue are custom duties, excise duties, service tax, taxes on property, corporate taxes, and income taxes.

Sources of Expenditure:-

• Plan Expenditure includes agriculture, rural development, irrigation, and flood conrol, energy, industry, minerals, transport, and communications, etc.

Non-Plan Expenditure:- It consists of interest payment, defence, subsidies, and general services.

Public Dept:-

• Internal Debt comprises loans raised from the open market treasury bills issued to the RBI, Commercial Banks, etc.

• External Debt consists of loans taken from World Bank, IMF, ADB, and individual countries.

Deficits:- In a budget statement, four types of deficits are mentioned:

• Revenue Deficit

• Fiscal Deficit

• Capital Deficit

• Primary Deficit

(1) Revenue Deficit: There are various ways to represent and interpret a government’s deficit. The simplest is the revenue deficit which is just the difference between revenue receipts and revenue expenditures.

Revenue deficit = Revenue expenditure – Revenue receipts

(2) Capital Deficit: An imbalance in a nation’s balance of payments capital account in which payments made by the country for purchasing foreign assets exceed payments received by the country for selling domestic assets.

In other words, investment by the domestic economy in foreign assets is less than foreign investment in domestic assets. This is generally not a desirable situation for a domestic economy.

Capital deficit = Capital receipts – Disbursement on Capital acoount

Fiscal Deficit: This is the sum of. revenue and capital expenditure less all revenue and capital receipts other than loans taken. This gives a more holistic view of the government’s funding situations since it gives the difference between all receipts and expenditures other than loans taken to meet such expenditures.

Fiscal Deficit = Difference between country’s expenses and earnings

Fiscal deficit = Revenue receipts (net tax revenue+non tax revenue) + Capital receipts (only recoveries of loans and other receipts) – Total expenditure ( Plan and non- plan) .

Primary Deficit: Amount by which a government’s total expenditure exceeds its total revenue, excluding interest payments on its debt.

Primary deficit = Fiscal deficit – Interest payments.

“MARIE CURIE” Biography

“Marie Curie” was the first woman to win a Nobel prize. She was born in Warsaw, the Kingdom of Poland then part of the Russian Empire. On 7 November, 1867 her father’s name was Wladyslaw Sklodowska, and her mother’s name was Bronislawa Sklodowska. Her father and mother was a teacher she was the youngest of the five children she was ten years old and began attending the boarding school of J. Sikorska.

Then she attended a gymnasium for girls from which she graduated on 12 June 1983 with a gold medal she started her practical scientific training at the chemical laboratory in 1891 she moved to France where she enrolled herself at the Sorbonne University. In 1993 she was awarded a master’s degree in Physics she returns to Paris to pursue a Ph.D. In 1894 Marie met Pierre Curie. Like Marie, he was a scientist and the two of them fell in love. They married on July 26, 1895, and they had to daughter. Marie became fascinated by rays that were recently discovered by scientists Wilhelm Roentgen and Henri Becquerel. Roentgen discovered X- rays and Becquerel had found rays given off by and elements called uranium Marie begin to do experiments once Marie was examining a material called pitchblende see it budget there to be a few raised from the Uranium pitchblende. But instead, Marie found a lot of rays she soon realized that there must be new and discovered the element in pitchblende Mary and her husband spent many hours in the science lab investigating pitchblende and the new element the event figured out that there where to a new element in “Pitchblende” they had discovered two new elements for the periodic table Mary named owner of the element polonium after her Homeland Poland she named “The Other radium” because it gave off such strong rays the curies came up with the term “radioactivity” to describe elements that emitted strong rays. In 1903, the Nobel prize in physics was awarded to Marie and Pierre Curie as well as Henri Becquerel for their work in radiation. Marie became the first woman to be awarded the prize. In 1911, Marie won the Nobel in chemistry for the two elements, polonium, and radium. She was the first person to be awarded two Nobel prizes. Marie became very famous. Scientists came from around the world to study radioactivity with Marie soon doctors found that radiology could help with curing cancer when World War I started Marie learned that doctors could use X-rays to help determine what was wrong with an injured Soldier. At that time Marie finds out a new portable system to carry the machine and helped over 1 million soldiers during the war she was the first woman to be awarded the prestigious Nobel Prize and the only to win into the field and multiple Sciences. She died in Passy, Haute-Savoie, France on 4 July 1934, at the age of 66. “YOU CANNOT HOPE TO BUILD A BETTER WORLD WITHOUT IMPROVING THE INDIVIDUALS”.

India At Olympic 2021 (Updated)

30th July 2021 – P.V. Sindhu (Badminton), Indian hockey team, Deepika Kumari (Archery), A.M. Sable(Athletics), Madari Palliyalli (Athletics), Simranjeet Kaur (Boxing), Lovlina Borgohain(Boxing), Fouaad Mirza (Equestrian), Anirban Lahiri and Udayan Mane (Golf), Indian Sailing Team,

31 July 2021 – Atanu Das(Archery), Kamalpreet Kaur(Athletics), P.V. Sindhu(Badminton), Pooja Rani(Boxing),Fouaad Mirza (Equestrain), Anirban Lahiri (Golf).

1 Aug 2021: P.V. Sindhu , Fouaad Mirza, Anirban Lahiri, U. Mane, Indian Hockey Team.

2 Aug 2021: Kamalpreet Kaur, Dutee Chand, Fouaad Mirza, Indian women’s hockey team.

3 Aug 2021: Annu Rani(Javelin Throw), Tajinderpal Singh Toor(Shotput), Indian Hockey Team,

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Archery

Women’s individual

Deepika Kumari defeated Ksenia Perova from Russia in 1/8 Eliminations with scores 6-5.

But, An San from Korea gave her a tough match in Quarter Finals. Deepika Kumari lost to wth scores 6-0.

Men’s individual

In 1/8 Eliminations, Takaharu Furukawa from Japan won against Atanu Das in a close call match with scores 6-4.

Athletics:

Men’s 3000m steeplechase

In round 1, Heat 2, A.M. Sable secured 7th Position failing to qualify for the next round.

Men’s 400m hurdles

In round 2, Heat 5, Madari Palliyalli, secured 7th position failing to qualify for next round.

Women’s discus throw

Valarie Allman from USA and Kamalpreet Kaur from India have qualified for finals by securing 1st and 2nd Position respectively.

Discuss Finals:

  1. Valerie Allman from America
  2. Kristin Pudenz from Germany
  3. Yaime Perez from Cuba

Kamalpreet Kaur held the 6th position in the finals.

Women’s 200m

Dutee Chand acquired 7th position in heat 4.

Women’s Javelin throw

Annu Rani secured 14th position with score as 54.04m in qualifications.

Men’s shotput

Tajinderpal Singh Toor, a petty officer in the Indian Navy, secured 13th position with distance as 19.99mm.

Badminton

Women’s Singles

What a amazing match it was between Akane Yamaguchi and P.V. Sindhu. In the first set, the points were 21-13 with Sindhu being in lead. In the second, we can see the clash between shot acer (Sindhu) and defense master (Yamaguchi) aggressively using their skills to make points. Sindhu gets the game to deuce i.e. scores are 20-20 wherein a player has to score 2 more points than their opponents score. Using her signature moves, Sindhu won by scoring 2 continuous smashes.

Women’s Singles Semi-Finals


Tai Tzu-ying from Chinese Taipei Vs P.V. Sindhu. TTY won by 21-18 and 21-12.

1 Aug, P.V. Sindhu can fight for Bronze medal in Bronze medals match vs He Bingjiao

P.V. Sindhu begged the Bronze Medal.

Boxing

Women’s LIghtweight

Sudaporn Seesondee from Thailand defeated Simranjit Kaur From india in Round 16.

Men’s flyweight

Yuberjen Martínez from Colombia won against Amit Panghal in round 16

Women’s middleweight Quarter-finals

Pooja Rani vs Li Qian. Li Qian won by 5-0 scores in Quaterfinal 4

Equestrian

Individual eventing

Fouaad Mirza placed at 9th Position in Dressage session 2

He continues his streak by acquiring 9th place in Dressage session 3

He bagged 22nd Position in Cross-Country

He placed 23rd in the Jumping Finals. – 2 august

Golf

Udayan Mane secured 66th positon in Men’s Individual.

Anirban Lahiri acquired 28th Position in round 3 of Finals and U. Mane 55th Position.

Hockey

Men’s Tournamnet

Indian Men’s Hockey team defeated Japan with scores 3-2.

Belgium defeated India in the semi-finals to enter finals with scores as 5-2. – 3 aug

Women’s Tournament

Indian Women’s Team defeated Ireland with scores 1-0

India defeated South Africa with scores 4-3 on 31 July.

Indian Women’s Team defeated Australia in a nail-biting against match against with scores 1-0 to enter the Semi-Finals. – 2 Aug

Sailing

49er

Indian team secured 17th Position in Race 9.

Race 12, India bagged 17th Position.

Wrestling

Women’s freestyle 62kg

In an extremely nail-biting match of “Sonam Malik vs Bolortuya Khurelkhuu “, Bolortuya Khurelkhuu from Mongolia won with points 2-2. Although, the scores were eual and acquired in the last second, she won due to powerful move of scoring in 1/8 Finals.

Poverty in India

Poverty is a social phenomenon where few sections of society is unable to live sustainable life. Planning Commission(now NITI Aayog) is the aithoriy, which publishes the poverty estimates based on various rounds of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. In India the poverty line is defined on the basis of calories a day has been fixed for urban areas and 2400 calories in rural areas.

Universal Recall Period, consumption data for all items are collected for a 30 day recall period.

Causes of Rural Poverty:-

• Rapid population growth.

• Lack of capital.

• Lack of alternative employment opportunities other than agriculture.

• Excessive population pressure on agriculture.

• Illiteracy

• Regional disparities

• Joint family system

• Child marriage

• Lack of proper implementation of PDS ( Public Distribution System).

Causes of Urban Poverty:-

• Migration from rural areas.

• Lack of skilled labor.

• Lack of housing facilities.

• Limited job opportunities in cities.

• Lack of vocational training.

Poverty and its Study in India:- Various economists and organizations have studied the extent of poverty in India. Some of them are as follow:

Dandekar and Rath’s study of poverty in India:- Dr. VM Dandekar and Mr. Nilkantha Rath estimated the value of the diet with 2250 calories as the desired lowest level of nutrition.

Montek Singh Ahluwalia’s study of Rural poverty:- MS Ahulawalia studied the trends in incidence of rural poverty in India for the period 1956-57 to 1973-74. He used the concept of the poverty line, i.e. an expenditure level of rupees 15 in 196-61 for rural areas and rupees 20 per person for urban areas.

Estimate Poverty by the Seventh Finance Commission 1978:- The Seventh Finance Commission attempted to have a more inclusive concept of the poverty line. Since the NSS data cover the only household consumer expenditure, thus to get a more inclusive measure of welfare or deprivation, an estimate of the benefit of public expenditure was added to the private consumer expenditure norm for calculating the augmented poverty line.

Tendulkar Committee Report:- This committee moved away from just calorie criterion definition to a broader definition of poverty that also includes expenditure on health, education, clothing expenditures in addition to food. According to this report, 41.8% population in rural areas and 25.7% population in urban areas were living below the poverty line.

Rangarajan Report on Poverty:- The expert group under the Chairmanship of Dr. C Ranganrajan to review the methodology for measurement of poverty in the country constituted by the Planning Commission in June 2012 has submitted its report on 30th June 2014. The report retained consumption expenditure measures of NSSO as the basis for specifying poverty. Based on this, it pegged the total number of poor in India at 363 million or 29.6% of the population. This is higher than 269.8 million poor people or 21.9% pegged by the Suresh Tendulkar Committee.

Highlights of the Report:-

• The daily per capita expenditure is pegged at rupees 32 for rural areas and rupees 47 for urban areas.

• Poverty line based on the average monthly per capita expenditure is pegged at rupees 972 for rural areas and rupees 1047 for urban areas.

A STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINE

“A Stitch in Time Saves Nine” is a phrase and has a lot of wise meanings inside it when understood. This phrase reflects the hole in a cloth and tries to make the people understand that, a small hole in a cloth keeps on getting bigger if it is not fixed on time. It means that timely effort will help in preventing more work in future and also tries to teach – Prevention is Better than Cure. Hence, if a problem exists then one must fix it immediately. If not fixed in time. then even small problem can lead to a bigger problem.

Importance of “A Stitch in Time Saves Nine”

  • This phrase tells about the “Importance of Time“. Time is the most important part of life and according to many successful individuals, time is money. Time is precious because time is limited. There are 24 hours in a day and its constant and the human life of a particular person is also fixed, which shows that we can’t afford to waste time at all. And this is what the phrase describes.
  • Another concept that the phrase describes is “Effort in Time“. This is possible by dealing with problems in proper time. While dealing with a problem, there’s a need to contribute proper amount of effort in the right time and when the problem is not solved and delayed, then it will make the problem more hard to solve and more time will be consumed. So, following “Stitch in Time Saves Nine” saves effort and time.
  • Another advantage of the phrase is “Better Decision Making“. Following this concept ensures that a person has sufficient time to handle the problem and this is the most wise decision. This shows that within problem time interval, the person will solve the problem efficiently. And when the person delays the problem the time available for solving problem will be reduced . This will cause shortage of time. This will make the person more stressful and nervous. This would lead to poor decision.

This proverb is a learning for everyone. It is an important advice for everyone. It doesn’t target any specific person or age group or people rather a lesson for all, for everyone from different phases of life and walks of life. It advices the individual to carry out the responsibilities and immediately solve problem, how ever small and simple it may be.

FOR EXAMPLE: To students, it advices to get their doubts cleared from the beginning itself otherwise they will keep getting bigger and will need more time, affect the performance. Small doubts when not cleared will lead to bigger doubts and finally affect the scores. This advice is also important for officials and professionals and suggests them not to neglect the problems and postpone them. It is important to solve every problem with keen interest and sense of responsibility. Have you noticed, how with time the problems keep getting bigger and get things complicated ? This is what the proverb tries to teach everyone and warn us.

Action at right time and required moment saves a lot of time and effort in the future. Delayed actions, adds to the problems and aggravates them. Thus, we should tackle them before it gets difficult. This saying has a very valuable and rational meaning and has a lot to learn from.

Let’s Talk about Citrus Fruits

Citrus fruits are one of the nutritious fruits . This juicy ,sour or sweet flavored fruits are many types & is available in every corner of the world with their health benefactor nutrients . There are various types of citrus fruits available .

Some Citrus Fruits: 1)Pomelo: scientific name – Citrus maxima. It is actually originated from South East Asia. It is the biggest citrus genus fruit under Rutaceae family. It has white flower. It is very sweet in taste. And it is the forbearer of grapefruit. One of the ancestral citrus species .

Pomelo
Pomelo on tree

2)Bergamot Orange: scientific name – Citrus bergamia. It is very fruit and with the color of beautiful yellow and green. It is hybrid fruit of other two citrus fruit , bitter orange and lemon Orange.

Bergamot

3)Bitter Orange: scientific name – Citrus aurantium. It is also called marmalade Orange or sour Orange. It is also originated from South East Asia. Its outer part is orange. It is a hybrid species.

Bitter Orange

4)Blood Orange: scientific name –Citrus sinensis. This name comes from the beautiful dark red colored juicy flash inside the orange. It is specially originated  from Southern Mediterranean . Chrysanthemin is found in blood Orange in more amount than any other citrus fruit its outer peel is in color of orange.

Blood Orange

5)Buddha’s Hand: Trinomial name –Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis. It is a very unique type of citrus fruit. It has some fingers like parts coming out from the main part. It is the colour of yellow. It can be found in India and China.

Buddha’s Hand
Buddha’s Hand Citrus

6)Desert lime: Scientific name–Citrus glauca. it is originated from Southern Australia New South Wales. It is very small size.

Desert lime
Desert lime Tree

7)Citron: Scientific name – Citrus medica. Its origin is Asia. It is one of the original ancestor citrus fruit. It is very fragment and big sized.

Citron

8)Mandarin Orange: Scientific name – Citrus reticulata. It is also called Mandarine. It is a close species of orange. It is also a primary species of citrus.

Mandarin Orange
Mandarin Orange Plant

9)Lemon: Scientific name –Citrus limon. It is also a hybrid spaces of citrus. It is originated from South Asia, specially Assam in India. Its color is young green or yellow. It has a very pleasant scent at its juice tests sour.

Lemon

10)Graph fruit: Scientific name – Citrus paralisi. It is also a hybrid citrus plant. Once it was called forbidden fruit. It looks like tangerine but the flash inside is the color of pinkish red and it is sweet in taste. It grows in tree as same as graph Cluster. So, it is called grapefruit.

Graph fruit

11)Tangerine: Scientific name – Citrus tangerine. It is also a hybrid species. Sometimes people mistake tangerine as Orange but orange and Tangerine are not same. Tangerine are quite small in size and sweet in flavor.

Tangerine
Tangerine Plant

12)Sweet Orange: Scientific name – Citrus sinensis. It is related to bitter Orange. It is initially originated from Southern China, North part of India, Myanmar.

Sweet Orange
Sweet Orange Tree
Sweet Orange Plants

Apart from them there are many other citrus fruits are available in the World – Kaffir lime, key lime, kumquat, lime orobalonco, Papeda, Greek Citron, Amanatsu, Balady Citron, sweet lemon, Rangpur lime , Dekopon Orange(one of the costly orange in the world) and many more.

Dekopon Orange (one of the costly orange in the world)
Kumquat Citrus
Kumquat Citrus
Lime
Kaffir lime
key lime
key lime
Rangpur lime
Nutrition of Citrus Fruits

Available nutrients: The amount of nutrient varies for each citrus fruit. But the nutrients are same somewhat .

  1. Vitamin C is one of the common nutrients that is present in every citrus fruit in high amounts.
  2. Citrus have also fibers and sugar as carbohydrate.
  3. Citrus fruits do not contain any sodium, cholesterol or fat.
  4. It also contains calcium potassium, magnesium, phosphorus like minerals.
  5. For vitamins, it contains vitamin C, vitamin B6, riboflavin, folate, pantothenic acid etc.
  6. Citrus fruits contain lot of water in their juice.
  7. Citrus fruits can give more than 50 kcal energy.
  8. Lemon, lime, Orange, grape fruits, tangerines have high level of antioxidants like carotenoids, polyphenols, etc.
  9. Citrus fruits are good source of citrus acid and Vitamin C.
Juice of citrus fruits
Health benefits of citrus fruits

Health Benefit:

  1. Vitamin C is one of the major elements in citrus fruit. Vitamin C has a very important role for boosting our immunity system by increasing the number of white blood cells. Thus, it prevents common cold and other health diseases.
  2. A 2014 research works shows that citrus fruits work against the risk of kidney stone.
  3. Grapefruit and other high antioxidant containing fruits are good for our cardiovascular system.
  4. citrus fruit juice has lots of water which helps to you keep hydrated.
  5. Citrus foods do not have any fat or cholesterol which helps to lose weight and prevent the rising of blood sugar level.

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Dalit Women- The Unheard Voice

Introduction

The article presents an analytical overview of the complexities of system violence that Dalit women face in India today through qualitative and quantitative data analysis of 50 Dalit women’s narrative of violence across 4 States Andhra Pradesh Bihar Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh in this article illustrated the wider traits and patterns of different forms and manifestations of violence against the Little Women within both the general community and the family from state and non-state across of different gender caste and social economics grouping occurring between 1999 and 2004 examination of the divergent world views of the victim-survivor and perpetrators ravel the casual factors of conflict and violence, as well as the various rights being denied to delete women in the course of violence analysis of the lip women vulnerability of to violence their assertations courage and resilience to survive violence and struggle for justice, are considered.

 violence against women in India in the journal is structured by the relationship of power embedded in systematic caste class and gender discrimination. Dalit women is there of the class caste and gender hierarchies resulting in social exclusion decide dominant discourages of Dalit women sexual availability their criminal nature and their inherent inequality with other women and when serve to legitimize and exacerbate  violence against them Dalit women in India Today number  85.017  million or approx 48 8% of total Dalit  population  together with their mail counterpart constituent  a sizable social group that continues to suffer decent and work-based discrimination untouchability practices  and violence arising out of the caste system historically the lips have been excluded from social economic cultural Civil and political rights untouchability practices based on nation of Delhi supposed impurity operate as a tool for the social exclusion and Exploration of this community and their social and religiously legitimized  mechanism for denying this community their fundamental rights hence Dalit women are more likely Two-phase collective and public thread for x of social violence then-dominant caste woman who tends to be subjected to violence more within family due to strict controls over their sexuality and freedom of movement.

 Dalit women appear to young illiterate daily wage agricultural labor surviving on less than rupees 3000 a year married in her teenage years she lives with her husband and in-laws in a kutcha hut that they own.  illiteracy a condition suffered by 68.6%  of the women,  not only renders women at a disadvantage in terms of employment and economics and political employment in the context of overt violence, but it also facilitated the culture of impunity enjoyed by perpetrators combined with a lack of legal knowledge in literacy leaves The Little Women at the mercy of offer indifferent or hostile police, or panchayat leaders, enabling perpetrators to escape legal repercussions for their crimes.

 daily wage agriculture labor and casual labor are the sources of livelihood for the render.  The Little Women are physically accessible in open public spaces with the dominant caste Mel supervision considering both the locals of violence for example ( agricultural fields footpaths).  and the social status of perpetrators for example( landlords,  labor contractors)  the women’s contributed to their vulnerability as the target of violence.

 the implication of early marriage of Dalit women lies in profound physical psychological and social effects on women marrying and beginning cycles of childbirth immediately after they attain puberty,  violence in the general community is one of the factors that encourage parents to marry their daughters early.  early marriage is seen as insurance against the possibility of rape and the profound social stigma attached to it.  this prevalent attitude is summed up is by the mother of a Dalit girl raped at the age of 12 years.

 Economics disenfranchisement –  reflected in the extremely low annual income, landlessness, and prevalence of unskilled daily wage labor among the women-  also Makes Dalit Women vulnerable to violence desperate economic straits compel Dalit women to borrow money from money lenders and take up agriculture and domestic work for dominant caste landowners and householders. these moneylenders, landowners, and householders then frequently exploit the Dalit women position of economic dependence to extract unpaid labor sex, and resistance is answered with violence.

Conclusion

Dalit, also known as the untouchables in India, where caste, class, gender matter more than humanity. At least 10 Dalit women are raped per day, and their vulnerability to rape has increased by 44% in the last 10 years. Also, Indian mainstream media often ignore stories about women belonging to marginalized communities. Caste-based violence is quite common but it does not receive coverage in upper-caste the dominated newsrooms it is common for Dalit villages to be burnt down for the Cops to refuse a post mortem for women who has been raped For the local administration and upper caste people to suppress cases filled by Dalit people.

As a consequence of gender caste and class inequalities, Dalit women and girls are subjected to multiple forms of subjugation,  exploitation, and oppression. sexual violence, including rape and gang rape, has been perpetrated against them by men from the dominant caste as a mechanism that reinforces India’s deeply entrenched structural hierarchies. The issue of making a woman deals with the conditioning and socialization of women in society and their representation is done in the world of literature media popular culture or anywhere else. where one focuses on the society of Dalit among Dalits. Dalit Women fight oppression in Solidarity with other marginalized groups.

Reference

Click to access TheSituationOfDalitRuralWomen.pdf

https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2332&context=jiws

Click to access Background_Manorama.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286239018_Societal_Status_of_Dalit_Women_in_India

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281403668_Dalit_women_life-narratives_and_literature_as_experience

https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/44146/130560.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Telangana: Want to Resume physical classes for primary students….!!!

With many states planning to start physical classes only for high school students, managements and teachers said that it is much more important to resume physical classes for primary students, as many of them unable to follow virtual classes.

They said that offline classes should be conducted at least two days a week for primary students. “Even as per ICMR, the impact of Covid-19 on children under the age group of 10 is much less when compared with elder children and adults. Why not start physical classes for them as well,” V Amarnath, director.

“These students are unable to concentrate, their confidence is low and communication skills have been impacted,” he said, adding that holistic development of a child has been impacted overall. Teachers said that physical classes should be resumed for all children in August within a gap of 10-15 days and all students should get to attend offline classes on alternate days.

“Now, almost all teachers are vaccinated. The same is the case with parents. So the risk of children spreading Covid seems to be comparatively lower. However, the state should provide sanitation, medical staff and allocate sufficient budget to follow Covid protocols in schools. By following all norms, physical classes should be started,” said M Ravinder, a government teacher, adding students are already facing memory and conceptual loss.

Parents agreed that it is a matter of urgency to resume physical classes, although they said that the same cannot be done in a haste.

The government should form a committee and study the impact of reopening of schools. They need to communicate with parents, explain what to expect and give an assurance about their children and family members’ safety.

Traits of an epic

An Epic is a long narrative in verse on a great and serious subject related in an elevated style. An epic tells a generally well-known story and is centered around a heroine or semi-divine figure whose actions depend on the faith or a tribe, a nation are a human race.

types of epics

Historically, there have been two types of epics the primitive a big for the epic of growth, and epic of art all literary epic.

The main traits of an epic are the following:

  1. The subject matter of an epic is heroine ok or mythical kind full stop the hero is a figure of national or even cosmic importance as an Achilles in Homer’s Iliad, Aeneas in Virgil’s Aenid, Adam or Christ in Milton Paradise Lost and Rama in Ramayana.
  2. The setting of an epic is vast and comprises several worlds. In Odyssey, the whole known word is the scene of action of Ulysses. In Virgil’s Aeneid and Dante’s Divine comedy, Earth, heaven, and hell are the scenes of action. In paradise lost also the scene of action has cosmic dimensions embracing Earth, heaven, and hell.
  3. The action in an epic involves superhuman deeds such as the deeds of Achilles or the journey of Ulysses. Paradise Lost presents The War and heaven, Satan’s journey through chaos, and his audacious attempts to outwit God by corrupting mankind. The Ramayana presents several wars and the prolonged wanderings of the hero.
  4. The action of an epic is often controlled by supernatural agents. Gods and Goddesses mingle with the humans and fight on both sides. In Homer, the Olympian gods participate in all activities and Paradise Lost devils, Angels, and God himself are involved.
  5. The Epic contains several thrilling episodes like battles, duals, wanderings, ordeals, and the like.
  6. In most Epics, there is a moral purpose. The hero represents a cause and the victory of good over evil is ensured. Sometimes characters themselves are personifications of good or evil.
  7. In the narration of an epic, certain conventions are followed. It is narrated in an ornate, ceremonial, and grand style that is deliberately distanced from ordinary speech. Epic similes, figures of speech, classical allusions and references, and repetitions are used. The characters are given set speeches. The narration usually begins with an invocation to the muse or a guiding Spirit. Both ‘Aenid’ and Paradise Lost begin with such invocations. Usually, the narrative starts in the middle of the story as in Paradise Lost which begins with the fallen angels gathering their Forces for revenge. Only later does Milton tell tells us what happened before the Fall.
  8. The Epic is usually divided into twelve books through Iliad and Odyssey have 24 books each. Spencer’s fairy Queen was planned in 12 book’s and Milton’s Paradise Lost also has 12 books.

Some of the famous Epics:

  • Milton’s “Paradise Lost”
  • Spenser’s “Faerie Queen”
  • Arnold’s “Sohrab and Rustom”
  • “Hyperion” by Keats
  • The Epic of Gilgamesh
  • The Homeric Poems – The Odyssey
  • The Mahabharata
  • Virgil – The Aeneid The Aeneid
  • Ovid – Metamorphoses
  • Firdawsi – The Shahnameh
  • Beowulf

The Epic

The Farce

5 YouTube Channels Which Will give you Cultural Knowledge Peace of Mind

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In today’s busy life ,people always try to find peace when they become exhausted . In that case they usually like to involve them self in their favorite time passing work .Here I am suggesting some of the YouTube channels which gives inner peace for your exhausted mind .

1.李子柒 Liziqi :: Liziqi is the most famous youtuber ,blogger ,Internet celebrity in this genre . She is a Chinese youtuber and also the first one in this type of video trending .Currently she has 15.8 Million subscriber in the whole world .She lives with her grandma in the countryside of Mianyang in Sichuan provinces in China .You will get a through idea of Sichuan Chinese culture specially food cuisine in her videos .Her video are authentic ,creative ,good in quality. There are almost 128 videos in her channel .She use the the old cultural & traditional process in her videos .She depends on the natural resources .Her videos depicts the picture of nature beauty ,humans dependence on nature ,nature kindness .She made various videos like — How to make Laba congee ,Construction of Wine table with winding canal ,Cucumber & other vegetable cultivation ,Various delicious food from wheat ,tomato ,peas ,peach, lotus ,mushroom ,Shu embroidery ,dress from grape skin ,Chinese cultural festival foods etc. You get good grips of traditional Chinese culture in her videos .She was also break the Guinness World Record by showing her patience of making a dress from the scratch in the Shu Embroidery video which is is a traditional Chinese embroidery .Here is the link of her channel — https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoC47do520os_4DBMEFGg4A

2.Traditional Me :: This channel is run by a small Sri Lankan family consisting of A young girl ,her brother & grandma .They live in a remote village in Sri Lanka & depend on natural resources. Total subscriber of this channel is 1.11 Million from all over the world .They have released a total 38 videos still now .They used earthen pots for their cooking . You will be able to see various Sri Lankan food, their recipes ,spices , fruits , Sri Lankan ritual ,their tradition etc. You will also enjoy their beautiful  brother – sister relationship ,their bickering ,their family love through out the videos. She made various videos on — aloe Vera (Dishes for warm climate) ,Rambutan (making sweet dessert dish) ,Hibiscus flower (dish for afternoon snack) ,Sour chili fish dry recipe ,Dishes from corn , eggplant dish , festival sweet snacks , chicken dish ,delicacy from spinach and many more .Here is the channel link — https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfCw8GGyGpXmtxDTNJ7J5VA

Sri Lankan village

3.Dianxi Xiaoge :: This channel is run by a Chinese country girl who is also an Chinese influencer & blogger Dianxi Xiaoge & her family . they lived in near the Myanmar border Yunnan province located in south western china .She lives with her grandparents ,brothers & her own parents with a Alaskan Malamute type dog ,whose name is Dawang . Dianxi Xiaoge is also called Apenjie  by her family & other people .She has 7.63 Million followers & 238 videos  in her channel . Dawang is also a very popular & most loved character for its funny & heart warming activity . Dianxi usually made her videos about Chinese Yunnan cultural foods like lard sealed pork ,Ham dishes , Acid pickle  ,meat sauce ,Glutinous rice , Red three chop (An Yunnan traditional dish) ,process of making hairy tofu etc. She also made some videos on festive traditional food like Moon cake ,mid autumn day festive sweets ,Hand Pilaf etc. Her videos also included of various dishes of raw mango , sour bamboo shoot ,mountain crabs ,water bamboo shoot ,peaches ,cherries ,papaya ,shiso leaves ,mushrooms ,ginger ,Taso-ko spice ,litsea ,tamarind ,Sichuan pepper ,Dipping chili ,onion dregs etc. She also have some vlog videos on their living place ,Yunnan local foods ,local fruits etc. Her videos greatly reflect the Yunnan cuisine ,their culture ,people interaction ,their living hood .Here is the link of her channel —https://www.youtube.com/c/%E6%BB%87%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%A5dianxixiaoge/featured .

Yunnan province

4. 키미 Kimi :: It is a family YouTube channel .They live in a countryside of South Korea . They have 648K flowers & they have uploaded 90 videos till now .They specially show the countryside lifestyle ,their livelihood ,their eating habits ,farming in a relaxing manner .Some of their videos are on summer foods making ,routine for spring time ,tried day routine ,lunar new year habitual ,kimchi making process ,daily lifestyle in countryside ,sweet potato recipe etc. Their videos also include the countryside cultivation ,Korean cuisine foods making ,traditional practices etc. Here is the link of the channel — https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCip2Wb2oWTMVvCaVPherr3Q

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Apart from the channels listed above ,there are some channels which will also comes in this genre —– 

Her 86m2 Channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxEyrf1Ud59fvH9A5mNGwIg )

Poorna-The nature girl channel                                                                                                                           ( https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtVDQNGBmS8DTP5fPzM_GmQ )

龙梅梅Longmeimei ( https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKu9dQPZcggDmZagZIXGicg )

village foods ( https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCx8JpAU_-48MnzqjJO1cjIA ) ; Polin Lifestyle ( https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4gDBTG2BMuiwJp_Fe2i_2w ) & many other channels .

Water and No Water: Wastage, Shortage and mismanagement.

Mumbai is facing a shortage of water with a third of its residents not having drinking water as per a recent report. This comes in heels with the news of massive water-logging across the city and flood-like situations. This is reminiscent of the Chennai Water Crisis in 2019 when a flood had hit the city in 2018 and in May 2019, the city declared a zero-water day – no water left in any of its reservoirs. As per statistics, in the coastal city with a medium size river flowing right through it (the famed Anna University is actually partially built on lands claimed from the river), 60% of its population relies on bottled water for drinking all year long. Was this always the case? History suggests no. But it has been so for about a decade now. This is not very shocking given that Mawsynram, the place with the highest recorded average rainfall on the planet also faces water shortage during summers!!!

Maharashtra received 17 per cent excess rainfall since June: IMD | India News,The Indian Express
A lot of rain, and yet no water to drink

Yemen – the poorest of Arab nations and a region marred by civil war and international interference for more than a decade now might also have the root of its civil war as water shortage. Let us understand that the Yemeni factions are the Houthis, the republicans – with both basically supporting their tribal interests – and a swinging group of Saudi-led forces. Records suggest that there existed blood feud between villages just because a village constructed a well very close to that of the other village. As per data, Yemen has the least water availability per capita on the planet, even inviting statements like – if water were to get exhausted on Earth, this process would begin in Yemen. This is odd, given the fact that Dubai is a sprawling metropolis situated in the same Saudi desert.

War and pieces: Political divides in southern Yemen – European Council on Foreign Relations
Yemen is the most water depreciated nation on the planet.

The situation is actually grim in many more places – Northern India – a land abundant with rivers and lakes – most of them, technically all of them polluted beyond potability. Go to Africa and the nations with rainforests and rivers are dry.

What is the cause then? We often hear of climate change. A reader would agree about the reality of climate change but would certainly not let go of the sheer amount of mismanagement involved in the handling of water resources. Governments all over the world have tried in their own way to clean water bodies – the money ending up in their coffers owing to balant corruption. In India, for instance, the Save Ganges Movement or ‘Ganga bachao abhiyaan’ in the vernacular has been a project spanning over three decades and costing lakhs of crores – the best part – to no result. NGOs and villagers have often revived water bodies across the planet showing the importance of public participation in government or local initiatives. But, the people aren’t really very concerned about this issue it seems. It might find itself in discussions during summers or in newspapers – but people refuse to consider it as a problem as grim as climate change. No one can imagine the change Chennai saw with themselves.

Simple tactics for your homely gadgets to boost up

WAYS BY WHICH YOU CAN MAKE YOUR PC RELIABLE AND MULTI-FUNCTIONING ESPECIALLY YOUR LATEST VERSION OF WINDOWS 10

Laptops and computers are the favorable gadgets for remote places to work, entertain, play games and much more. Note a point that nearly 9 out of 10 people in every society and neighborhood own their piece of this tech all over the world. It helps you in many ways of business, entertainment, virtual meeting and much more utilities. 

It can be a boon or bane depending on the purposes it is used and in this hectic world without a computer it is not an easy task to spend even a single minute as the life cycle has started running on this online and technology platform already. This may suit any professional or beginner working at home with your school or office projects. 

As your every schedule is online from school till extra-curricular activities like dance, drawing etc. Imagine a situation in this pandemic without a PC on your own. You will have to hang out on mobiles but not all the work can be done simultaneously at once like a PC anyway. As it may lead to mental depression and frustration of delay in your task assigned that has to be completed beforehand. 

Situations are similar like I’ve described above as at those occasions you have to wander for help to complete your work with someone else’s property.

It has become a necessity that as the system of life and roles of every position/job changes you have to cope up and adopt these items even if you are reluctant about it.

So, after working for long hours like humans, computers also slow down its speed of processing things. Generally in advance we encounter them often for our simultaneous tasks done at the same time. Hence there are some simple ways where you can make them active or energize them to regain their performance speed and generate outputs fer your inputs.

Let me list down some basic ways that help you out in opting/selecting a appropriate way to enhance your CPU or processor it its utmost fastness

  1. Keep a track on upgrades for your PC for software or drivers  

You might notice that your version of any feature/tool inside our gadget gets outdated often, so downloading recent releases of it helps it to run faster thus avoiding the arena of entering troubleshoots. Especially for Windows 10 you need to update versions here and there so it won’t disable automatically. 

Just get the Start button on your left corner then choose the settings option available in the menu where you get a main page so there you can find Update & Security choice under that you can look out for your esteemed Windows updates where it automatically checks whether your PC needs to be updated or not.

If you are up to date leave it or install the categories you require by selecting them.

  1. Use only the required ones and restart often

It is important that you refresh before you start working on it as it randomly speeds up by refreshing. Work only on the plugins that you need instead of starting every API in your computer that will make your system get hung or struck off. If you feel like your PC is not up to that efficient earlier restart several times until it gets back to the previous speed it was earlier. 

Don’t let more files run in your background as it affects the functionality of the RAM and processor speed eventually. Still, you don’t find your issue solved, enter Troubleshoot settings under the type troubleshoot where the program diagnoses your troubles and receives your opinion to sort it out.

  1. Optimize and enhance your space on disk

Hence if you don’t get resolved under the above criteria try to view the empty space on your computers, if is low free some spaces by uninstalling some contents that haven’t been used for years. Also optimize and clean your CPU or in-built CPU with some apps that totally stops its working. These temporary files are the prompt trouble makers so literally remove them totally by deleting or disabling them.

So, these are my own simple steps to make your personal PC or laptops run faster and flexible up to your requirement. These will really help you out as I have tried them multiple times under my supervision that give better results/ came out perfect.

 If you know any way to customize so to reduce the load on your PC’s definitely you can. All these ways can also be used under the latest, advanced version (Windows 10) as it gave me a fruitful result again and again obviously.  

Forget the results(no matter how good or bad)- Class 12

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Today, CBSE, The central board of secondary education, has released the class 12th board exam results. According to the statistics available on the internet, we have achieved an overall pass percentage of 99.37 %. That’s an incredible high score, one we aren’t going to break for years, or dare I say, decades to come. And, so unlike many of your relatives or friends or neighbours or acquaintances, I won’t ask your result but I do offer my congratulations.

The CBSE did not conduct the exam this year. And so, though many of you might argue, and rightly so, this grading system wasn’t exactly fair- to those who worked hard throughout the year and didn’t get what they were capable of and to those who didn’t work at all but manage a very decent score, to those who had no access to digital media and to those who had every gadget at their disposal, to those who gave exams last year and to those who will give theirs next.

From the toppers to those who barely made it past the line, everyone do seem to have one thing one mind though. It could have been better. But now that it isn’t, I wish to ask what would have happened with that better result. For a day or two your parents would have been happy, treated you with gifts, but then the third day you would have done something to piss them off and things would have returned to normal. Your neighbours might have praised you in the beginning, but then hey would have found some other thing to bitch about you. Your friends would have been happy or jealous depending on what kind you have but then you would have went to separate colleges and those friends would have been long forgotten. In that new college, though, no one would have given a damn about your result. And this is how the desired ‘better’ result would have made no difference in your result, whatsoever.

Now, many of you might say that a better result means a better college, better career prospects. To all those I would say that it might give you a better kickstart but it certainly cannot dictate your future. Also, it isn’t the only way to kickstart your career . We are Gen-Z. We need not always need support. If you have talent, then I am sure by now you know that you can showcase it to a very large audience, a better one in many cases if you just go on the internet. From the top bollywood musicians to national as well as international public, your music travel oceans and producers. We have all heard ‘Anuv Jain’ or ‘When chai met toast’ or seen ‘Bhuvan Bam’, ‘Tanmay Bhatt’ or ‘Zakir Khan’. Love to cook? Ever heard of ‘Kavita’s Kitchen’. Love to dance? Go see ‘Naach’. We live in the era of talent. Talent and the courage to give it a go and to keep going is all you need. From google to amazon, the top recruiters visit your Github or codechef profile. Participating in international hackathons is just a click away. So, it isn’t as if just an exam hinders our career prospects.

And, at last, this exam was just that- an exam. If you disappointed yourself or your family or your teachers or anyone anywhere, do not worry my friend for you have lived atleast 16 years of your life and you have so many more to live. You have already disappointed them more times than you could count and you will disappoint them in the future, for I don’t know- a million more times, until that one day when you won’t.

Oh! and if you didn’t this time then kindly skip the first two lines of the previous paragraph and read again. It is an infinite loop, you end up disappointing someone with almost every activity (including yourself) until the day when you don’t and then you again do. And the loop repeats. So, why worry instead of preparing for the moment that is somewhere along the path you are currently traversing? That one moment of pride holds the burden of making up for all the disappointments you met along the way and holds the strength for all those you will meet in the future. So why not reduce the load?