Category: Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.

Behavioural Economics

In an ideal world, people would always make optimal decisions that provide them with the greatest benefit and satisfaction. In economics, rational choice theory states that when humans are presented with various options under the conditions of scarcity , they would choose the option that maximizes their individual satisfaction. This theory assumes that people, given their preferences and constraints, are capable of making rational decisions by effectively weighing the costs and benefits of each option available to them. The final decision made will be the best choice for the individual. The rational person has self-control and is unmoved by emotions and external factors and, hence, knows what is best for himself. Alas behavioral economics explains that humans are not rational and are incapable of making good decisions.

Behavioral Economics is the study of psychology as it relates to the economic decision-making processes of individuals and institutions. Behavioral economics draws on psychology and economics to explore why people sometimes make irrational decisions, and why and how their behavior does not follow the predictions of economic models. Decisions such as how much to pay for a cup of coffee, whether to go to graduate school, whether to pursue a healthy lifestyle, how much to contribute towards retirement, etc. are the sorts of decisions that most people make at some point in their lives. Behavioral economics seeks to explain why an individual decided to go for choice A, instead of choice B.

Because humans are emotional and easily distracted beings, they make decisions that are not in their self-interest. For example, according to the rational choice theory, if Charles wants to lose weight and is equipped with information about the number of calories available in each edible product, he will opt only for the food products with minimal calories. Behavioral economics states that even if Charles wants to lose weight and sets his mind on eating healthy food going forward, his end behavior will be subject to cognitive bias, emotions, and social influences. If a commercial on TV advertises a brand of ice cream at an attractive price and quotes that all human beings need 2,000 calories a day to function effectively after all, the mouth-watering ice cream image, price, and seemingly valid statistics may lead Charles to fall into the sweet temptation and fall off of the weight loss bandwagon, showing his lack of self-control.

Culture and history

China and Japan India and Byzantium traveling culture and history vector geisha and samurai men and women Taj Mahal and torii gate capitol building and Great wall landmarks and heritage nationalities.

Culture and history is the main building block of our lifes

The Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.

The word “culture” derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin “colere,” which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture

History is the study of life in society in the past, in all its aspect, in relation to present developments and future hopes. It is the story of man in time, an inquiry into the past based on evidence.

As with any scholarly approach that boasts of being “new” when it bursts onto the scene, new cultural history was fairly well established as one among many ways of thinking about history by the twenty-first century. This is not to say that new cultural historians enjoyed the unanimous esteem of their more traditional colleagues, for the field still managed to draw the fire of critics from the left and the right who believed that after twenty years this approach still represented a mere “trend.” One could agree with Peter Novick that this attests to the fragmentation of the historical profession into a plethora of specializations that no longer cohered around shared principles and whose denizens had little common ground for discussion. Yet much has changed in cultural history since its heyday in the 1980s.

 When new cultural history was actually “new” it provided innovations both in terms of the topics considered worthy of historical attention and in terms of the ways of theorizing such topics within their respective contexts. It is nevertheless apparent that a good portion of what was marketed in 2000 as “cultural history” reflected more of the topical rather than theoretical innovations entailed by this approach. In fact, some of these works even read more like conventional social histories with a few obligatory nods to one of many privileged theorists.

To some extent this state of affairs reflects the success of this approach in the academy and the willingness of historians to combine methodologies in a creative and eclectic manner. On the other hand, though, one might argue that cultural history lost much of its edge by becoming subsumed into a more or less nonreflective historical establishment. Some historians see less fragmentation than the cooptation of erstwhile radical approaches back into a surprisingly resilient mainstream.

“Whatever possibilities become evident,” notes Patrick Joyce, “something is needed to shake the hold of a history which continually reproduces itself, in the process sucking the erstwhile heterodox into its consensus, in much the way that ‘cultural history’ is slowly but surely becoming routinized as more methodology, yet one more subdiscipline in the house of history.” Joyce’s observation is astute, yet one wonders whether a historical approach that could successfully resist such cooptation is possible and, even if it were, whether it would still merit the name “history.” It seems evident that what makes history “history” has little to do with methodologies and innovations that are unique to it, and perhaps a more thoroughgoing interdisciplinarity would discourage the domestication of future innovations into mere additions to the mansion of conventional history.

Old Becomes Richest Man In India Making Money Online!

Mithun Bhat, born in Bhopal, could buy 2 houses within a month, Bentley, Ferrari and paid all his debts. But previously, he worked with salary under the minimum wage. So, how could he earn so much money only in a month? He tells us his story.

“I worked at pizza delivery service for a year. I was prior a collage student and did a part time job in a restaurant. I did it to support my study. In the second year of study I was close to be expelled since I could not pay the tuition. At the time, I had to take a loan. I could finally paid my tuition, but I had no money to pay the monthly installments to the bank. Honestly, studying and working all at once was beyond my endurance, and eventually, I was expelled from campus a week before the end of school year. That was the beginning of the darkest days of my life. My father lost his job and my family didn’t know how to survive. Could you imagine how hopeless I felt? I had no decent work and no education, and my father lost his job. I could do nothing to help them.

One night, I was delivering a pizza to the last location. A guy opened the door. He was with his friends, and while he was paying the pizza, I heard their discussion about where would they invest Rs. 2,000,000 they earned 10 minutes ago. I just made a glance and saw a sort of graph and figures on the laptop screen. The guy opening the door gave me Rs. 1,000 but the price was only Rs. 600. He told me to keep the change.

I was absolutely surprised and after I got back home, I took my laptop and tried to recall about their discussion. After 5 minutes, I remembered that they told about online trading. On the Broker website I found the graphs and figures I saw at the guy’s laptop.

After reading all information about the broker and watching tutorial videos, I opened a demo account where I got virtual money. I quickly understood what I had to do, it was very easy. I earned some money after my very first transaction. Then I thought… I did not lose anything, so I decided to open a real account and deposited my last money there. At the morning, I woke up and saw that I earned Rs. 30,654 over that night. After 2 weeks I could paid my debts off, bought a car, and I could help my father while he was searching for a new job and pay his expenses for the next few months. 2 weeks later, I already had 2 houses in the suburb. And all I did without leaving my home and getting higher education.

That’s my luck. It would never happen if I did not meet the rich guy while delivering the pizza. I know there are a lot of people having not good times like me, that’s why I tell you: if you want to live without any problem, I can tell you how to earn money with Trading Resource. It is very easy if you would try it.

Financing Decisions

Financing decisions are concerned with the amount of finance to be raised from various long-term sources of funds like, equity shares, preference shares, debentures, bank loans etc and its impact on the capital structure of the organisation.

It is one of the three main decisions of Financial Management – Investment decisions, Financing decisions and Dividend decisions.

Factors affecting financing decisions

While making financing decisions, one must focus on the composition of funds from various long-term sources. These decisions involve:

  1. Decision whether or not to use a combination of ownership and borrowed funds.
  2. Determining the ratio in which ownership and borrowed funds should be kept.

A firm should have an appropriate mix of debt as well as equity.

  • The disadvantage of having Debt is that it involves Financial Risk which is the risk of default on payment or interest on borrowed funds and the repayment of principle amount
  • However, tax benefit on interest payments of the debt reduces its cost, making it cheaper than equity.
  • In order to avail the benefits of debt wisely, the cost of debt should be less than the rate of return on the capital.
  • Shareholders’ funds have no fixed commitment in the aspects of repayment of capital or payment of returns.

Factors to be considered to make financing and capital structure decisions are listed below-

  1. Interest/dividend pay-out: Debt involves compulsory interest payments whereas there is no compulsion to pay dividend to equity shareholders. However, the company should also keep its dividend policy in mind, in case they prefer paying dividends in order to retain their shareholders.
  2. Tax deductibility– Interest payments are tax deductible which reduces its overall cost.
  3. Dilution of control– In case the existing shareholders want to retain the complete control of business then finance can be raised through borrowed funds or preference shares but when they are ready for dilution of control over business, equity shares can be used for raising finance.
  4. Risk and floatation costs: More risk is associated with borrowed funds as compared to owner’s fund as interest is paid on it and it is also repaid after a fixed period of time or on expiry of its tenure. The cost involved in issuing securities such as broker’s commission, underwriter’s fees, expenses on prospectus etc. Is called flotation cost. Higher the flotation cost, less attractive is the source of finance.
  5. Feasibility & Cash Flow position: In case the cash flow position of a company is good enough then it can easily use borrowed funds.
  6. Payment schedule: In case the company wants to go for debt, then the payment schedule, tenure and total costs (principal+interest) should be analysed and compared with other options. Longer the schedule, greater the interest so in case the schedule is too long, the terms should be modified or other financing options can be considered.

Different options and compositions of debt and shareholder’s fund can be analysed to find the one with the lowest weighted average cost (WACC). This way the company enjoys the tax benefit advantage of debt and non-compulsion of dividend payments advantage of equity.

However, it is important to analyse costs after factoring in the time value of money so the decision-maker gets a realistic picture of the cost of capital, on the basis of which, informed decisions can be made.

E-COMMERCE

What is e-commerce?

“E-commerce” and “online shopping” are often used interchangeably, but the scope of e-commerce is much broader: it embodies the concept of doing business on the Internet, for example, it includes many different services. Make online payments, book flights, etc. Buying and selling goods or services electronically via the Internet is called e-commerce.

Why buy online?

  • Lower prices
  • Affordability and convenience
  • More options

Higher profits
Scalability
Consumer knowledge/technology

E-commerce fulfillment model overview

Courier delivery model
Traditional order fulfillment model

E–commerce

Including network marketing, also known as online marketing. Internet marketing is the process of using tools that help generate potential customers and sales to promote a company or brand and its products or services on the Internet.

Content marketing
Content marketing aims at
Your personal brand and your target audience
Keywords and research.
Focus and content commitment. What will you create? How often do you post? Where will you post? You need to define these basics to create consistent and quality content.
Content Creation
Content Promotion

SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

The process of maximizing the number of visitors to a given website by placing the websiteat the top of the search engine results list. SEO
stands for search engine optimization, which means increasing the quantity and quality of website traffic through regular search results.

SEM (Search Engine Marketing)

Search Engine Marketing(SEM) is one of the most effective ways to develop business in an increasingly competitive market.
Online advertising is important to millions of businesses, and search marketing is the most effective way to promote your products and grow your business.

Email marketing

Email marketing is an efficient digital marketing strategy for sending emails to potential customers and customers. Effective marketing emails turn potential customers into customers and long-term customers into loyal and enthusiastic followers.

Globalization!

Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.

Globalization is driven by the convergence of political, cultural and economic systems that ultimately promote — and often necessitate — increased interaction, integration and dependency amongst nations.

The more that disparate regions of the world become intertwined politically, culturally and economically, the more globalized the world becomes.

These international interactions and dependencies are enabled and accelerated by advances in technology, especially in transportation and telecommunications. In general, money, technology, materials and even people flow more swiftly across national boundaries today than they ever have in the past. The flow of knowledge, ideas and cultures is expediated through Internet communications.

There are three types of globalization:

1. Economic globalization. This type focuses on the unification and integration of international financial markets, as well as multinational corporations that have a significant influence on international markets.
2. Political globalization. This type deals mainly with policies designed to facilitate international trade and commerce. It also deals with the institutions that implement these policies, which can include national governments as well as international institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization.
3. Cultural globalization. This type focuses on the social factors that cause cultures to converge — such as increased ease of communication and transportation, brought about by technology.

RAGS TO RICHES-KARSANBHAI PATEL

Karsan bhai khodidas patel is an Indian industrialist who is the founder of a Rs.42,500 crore nirma group, a company which majorly deals with detergents, cements and cosmetics. Karsan bhai patel was born in 1945 into a farmer family from Ruppur village, Mehsana, Gujarat. Karsan bhai completed his B.Sc in chemistry and he initially joined in a cotten mill as a lab technician in Ahmedabad later served for the state government.

He has an abaundant knowledge on chemicals and in 1969, he started manufacturing phosphate free detergent for domestic usage in his backyard. He named that detergent powder as “NIRMA” . He dedicated his time after the office hours to prepare and market the detergent. At initial stage this business was purely one-man-company.

Karsan bhai used to sell his handmade detergent packets door to door using his cycle. The hand made detergent packets were sold at Rs.3 per kg, which was one third of least priced compared to popular detergents at that time. This least price making strategy gave him instant success. At that time domestic detergent market was limited and mostly controlled by the top most MNC companies only but with entry of karsan bhai’s market strategy, nirma created a revolution in domestic detergent sector.

It made the best and environment friendly detergent than other brands and occupied the top most shares in the market with its innovative methods. With in a short span of time Nirma became the largest selling detergent company in India. Since, the industry was labour intensive nirma also builded a large scale of employment.

Now, the company was recognized as the 9th among the top FMCG brands in India as per the year 2002. In the year of 2010 Karshan bhai received “PADMA SRI AWARD” and in 2019 karsan bhai ranked with #30 by forbes magazine for the list of Indias richest persons.

CONCLUSION:

Finally, we can understand karsan bhai’s success story as a good source for marketing strategy because he understood the need and demand of the domestic detergents perfectly and he applied his innovative marketing formula strictly in his business and also he focused on the new technologies to develop his business as well and worked consistently to bag the success.

” SUCCESSFULL PEOPLE ARE NOT GIFTED BUT THEY DO HARD WORK TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS ON A PURPOSE “

Start from down and reach the up

Hello guys, today’s topic is going to be very informative.

“Start up ” have you ever heard of this
Word before? Even if you have never heard of the word start up many of us actually heard about those startups which are doing fantastic .

Start ups are the newly established business,by one or more entrepreneurs.These entrepreneurs set up business by taking financial risks .

Start ups are actually initiated by its founders based on an idea which has a potential to become successful and bring profits to the company .

Even though startups gives wings to an individual’s dreams it is not easy to create an impact with an startup during this tough competition era.

And while setting up an start up the individual needs to have necessary funds so mostly the start ups are setup by taking loans,or borrowing money from families,friends.

So generally startup are built around one main idea which can change the whole picture,which can create an impact in the industry.

Startups can become successful only when the foundations that is the base on which the company is started should be rock solid,their main aim should not change even though some alterations can be done .

As the company grows the more the need of funds increases so especially the risk of setting up a startup should be taken very seriously and the decision must taken carefully.

There are many thing that you need such as impressive idea,funds and trusted partners and sacrifice your time,health  for the wellbeing of the startup.

Start ups basis is believe ,the belief you have in your own self,your idea which is projected outside.

Entrepreneurs should have certain qualities that is needed for a successful startup so many institutions and universities are providing training for those who dream of starting their own company.

But in reality many startups that don’t stand a chance in the competition lack those qualities,they have the idea but cannot put into action,they cannot manage work as they have very little experience in this industry,they get swayed by others words and forget their whole main aim .

Mock startups are those programs where a student gets to experience the simulation of the real world.

Even the government entrepreneurship programs ,non profit entrepreneurship programs support many start ups They give guidance and even support them if the idea shows a potential .

Intellectual advisors ,hardworking staff ,investors who don’t mind to try risks for profits ,mentors who can guide you ,and great Teamwork makes the dream work that is it accelerates the growth rate of that start up.

Every start up has their own ups and downs but what is important is to never lose faith in yourselves and always hope for the best by putting out your best .

Startups don't have a instant success they to grow step by step and the more impact it has on the business industry the more it grows.

Some of the successful startups are

  • Ola
  • Swiggy
  • Zomato
  • Oyo
  • Flipkart

Every succesful company at present is a startup in the past and lessons should be learnt from those experiences

So always dream big ,work hard ,have faith,never lose hope ,never give up, and

“Learning from failures , paves the way to success.”

Thankyou^^

Self-help and personality development

Self help and personality development is a weapon for us

The spirit of self help creates many good qualities in a person. … These people work more harder than a person who is reliable on others for their work. This leads to help them obtain strong will- power and determination.

Self-help or self-improvement is a self-guided improvement—economically, intellectually, or emotionally—often with a substantial psychological basis. … Many different self-help group programs exist, each with its own focus, techniques, associated beliefs, proponents and in some cases, leaders

The following are common examples of self-improvement.

  • Self-Awareness. A process of introspection to understand your own character, behavior, fears and ambitions.
  • Awareness. A process of extrospection to understand the world around you.
  • Health. …
  • Physical Fitness. …
  • Time Management. …
  • Productivity. …
  • Performance. …
  • Know-How

Here’s a look at some ways to build self-improvement into your daily routine and let go of negative thoughts about yourself.

  • Cultivate gratitude. …
  • Greet everyone you meet. …
  • Try a digital detox. …
  • Use positive self-talk. …
  • Practice random acts of kindness. …
  • Eat at least one meal mindfully. …
  • Get enough sleep. …
  • Breathe consciously.

Personality development refers to how the organized patterns of behavior that make up each person’s unique personality emerge over time. Many factors go into influencing personality, including genetics, environment, parenting, and societal variables.

Personality development helps you gain recognition and acceptance from the society as well as people around. Personality development plays an essential role not only in an individual’s professional but also personal lives. It makes an individual disciplined, punctual and an asset for his/her organization.

Here are  great ways to improve your personality:

  • Be a better listener. …
  • Read more and expand your interests. …
  • Be a good conversationalist. …
  • Have an Opinion. …
  • Meet New People. …
  • Be yourself. …
  • Have a positive outlook and attitude. …
  • Be fun and see the humorous side of life.

The four personality types are: Driver, Expressive, Amiable, and Analytical. There are two variables to identify any personality: Are they better at facts & data or relationships? And are they introverted or extroverted. Note: Most people will have major and minor type.

Jobs and career related topics

INTRODUCTION:-

* Gender – Are there male jobs & female jobs? – A useful debate which can get heated. The statutory guidance states that you must promote equality of opportunity so care must be taken when guiding this debate.
* Jobs of the future – What jobs will exist in 5, 10, 20 years that don’t exist now?
* What effects are robotic workers having on the job market? Will robots be able to do jobs like journalism & legal work (yes they will, computerised copy writing and contract checking are already a reality) or will automation only affect ‘physical’ jobs?
* Transferable skills – what are they and why do we need them? – Useful question to elicit knowledge of transferable skills – you may find this definition useful in order to help your students decide which skills are transferable “Transferable skills are general skills you can use in many jobs. You gain these skills from previous jobs, projects, voluntary work, sport, your home life, hobbies, and interests. They enable you to be adaptable and flexible in case you need to change your job”
* What skills & qualities do employers want when they employ a person straight out of school/college/university?
* Employers are frequently reported as saying school leavers are not workplace ready. A discussion around what skills are needed and what they are can be structured using the following frequently cited skills:-Understanding of business world; Teamwork; Communication; Negotiation skills; Problem Solving; Leadership; Organisation; Perseverance/motivation; Ability to work under pressure; Confidence
* Why do some people try and dissuade people from taking certain jobs? – An ideal opportunity to explore the motivation behind advice from various sources. E.g. university & school leaver recruitment staff. Teachers who have been instructed to recruit for the school 6th  Parents who would like to see their children achieve their parent’s dream etc.
* Can you turn a hobby into a career? – Students may wish to pursue a hobby such as photography or sport as a careers. What considerations might they need to have when doing this? E.g. need to be self-employed; the effect of training 7 days a week on enjoyment of the sport etc.
* Can work be fun? What makes work fun? Can it always be fun? What is fun?
* How many types of job can I expect to do over my lifetime? – A discussion about career paths. Not just changing jobs but changing types of job and progression.  The role of lifelong learning, retraining, transferable skills.  Using a story about somebody’s career journey is a good prompt for this discussion.
* What’s the difference between a job and a career?
* Is a job just to pay the bills and a career something you’re interested in?

Jobs:-

INTRODUCTION:-

God rebukes Job’s three friends and orders them to make a sacrifice. Job prays for God’s forgiveness of them and God accepts his prayer. At the end of the book, God gives Job twice as much wealth as he had before, along with seven sons and three daughters. After that, Job lived 140 more years.
An Introduction to the Book of Job | Speaking the Truth in Love
A job, employment, work or occupation, is a person’s role in society. More specifically, a job is an activity, often regular and often performed in exchange for payment (“for a living”). Many people have multiple jobs (e.g., parent, homemaker, and employee). A person can begin a job by becoming an employee, volunteering, starting a business, or becoming a parent. The duration of a job may range from temporary (e.g., hourly odd jobs) to a lifetime (e.g., judges).
An activity that requires a person’s mental or physical effort is work (as in “a day’s work”). If a person is trained for a certain type of job, they may have a profession. Typically, a job would be a subset of someone’s career. The two may differ in that one usually retires from their career, versus resignation or termination from a job.

Jobs for people:-

Most people spend up to forty or more hours each week in paid employment. Some exceptions are children, retirees, and people with disabilities; however, within these groups, many will work part-time, volunteer, or work as a homemaker. From the age of 5 or so, many children’s primary role in society (and therefore their “job”) is to learn and study as a student.

Types of jobs:-

Jobs can be categorized by intensity (hours per week), by payment status, or by the level of experience required. The types of job stemming from intensity are categorized as full-time or part-time. They can also be classified into temporary, odd jobs, seasonal, self-employment, consulting, or contract employment. Regarding payment status, jobs are categorized as paid or unpaid. Examples of unpaid jobs include volunteer, homemaker, mentor, student, and sometimes intern. Finally, according to the level of experience required, jobs are usually grouped as entry level, intern, and co-op.
Some jobs require specific training or an academic degree.
Those without paid full-time employment may be categorized as unemployed or underemployed if they are seeking a full-time paid job.
A side job, also called a side hustle, side gig or moonlighting, is an additional job or jobs to supplement one’s income. A person with a side job may have little time left for sleep or leisure activities.
The Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom lists 27,966 different job titles, within a website published 2015.

Day job:-

The expression day job is often used for a job one works in order to make ends meet rather than working in their preferred vocation. Archetypal examples of this are the actor who works as a waiter (the day job) while looking for roles, and the professional athlete who works as a laborer in the offseason because the athlete’s professional or semi-professional team does not pay a full living. The term is also applied to those who maintain a steady occupation while working as a day trader.
While many people do hold a full-time occupation, “day job” specifically refers to those who hold the position solely to pay living expenses so they can pursue the job they really want (which may also be during the day). The phrase strongly implies that the day job would be quit, if only the real vocation paid a living wage.
The phrase “don’t quit your day job” is a humorous response to a poor or mediocre performance not up to professional caliber. The phrase implies that the performer is not talented enough in that activity to be able to make a career out of it.

Getting a job:-

Further information: Job hunting and Employment
Getting a first job is an important rite of passage in many cultures. The youth may start by doing household work, odd jobs, or working for a family business. In many countries, school children get summer jobs during the longer summer vacation. Students enrolled in higher education can apply for internships or coops to further enhance the probability of securing an entry level job upon graduation.
Résumés summarize a person’s education and job experience for potential employers. Employers read job candidate résumés to decide whom to interview for an open position.

Use of the word:-

Workers often talk of “getting a job”, or “having a job”. This conceptual metaphor of a “job” as a possession has led to its use in slogans such as “money for jobs, not bombs”. Similar conceptions are that of “land” as a possession (real estate) or intellectual rights as a possession (intellectual property).

Occupation and life expectancy:-

Historically, manual work has seemed to contribute to shortening one’s lifespan.High rank(a higher position at the pecking order) has a positive effect. Professions that cause anxiety have a direct negative impact on health and lifespan.Some data is more complex to interpret due to the various reasons of long life expectancy; thus skilled professionals, employees with secure jobs and low anxiety occupants may live a long life for variant reasons.The more positive characteristics one’s job is, the more likely he or she will have a longer lifespan.Gender, country, and statistically confirmed danger are also notable parameters.

See also:-

  • Career and Life Planning Education
  • International Standard Classification of Occupations
  • Job analysis
  • Job guarantee
  • Job interview
  • Job performance
  • Job satisfaction
  • Job stress
  • Labour economics
  • Refusal of work
  • Unemployment
  • Wage labor

References:-

Citations:-

  1. “FOI Request: List of all the occupations noted in the UK”. Office for National Statistics. The Crown. 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  2. Newberry, Jon (October 2000). “Night Moves: Be a day trader after hours and keep your day job, too”. ABA Journal. 86 (10): 86. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. Womack, Sarah (24 October 2007). “Why accountants live longer than builders”. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  4. “Living Longer, Working Longer: The Changing Landscape of the Aging Workforce – A MetLife Study” (PDF). MetLife Mature Market Institute. April 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-02.
  5. “The Most Stressful Jobs of 2014”. CareerCast.com. Archived from the original on 2016-02-20. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  6. Lyte, Brittany (18 March 2015). “5 Jobs Proven to Make You Live Longer”. Wise Bread. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  7. Lees, John (11 November 2014). “Personality test: what job would make you happiest?”. the Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  8. “Whistling While You Work: The 10 Most Satisfying Careers”. CareerCast.com. Archived from the original on 2016-02-04. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  9. “Find out how your gender and job may affect your life expectancy”. the Guardian. 21 October 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.

Sources:-

  • Davis, Steven; Haltiwanger, John; Schuh, Scott (1998), Job Creation and Destruction, MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-54093-3
  • Graeber, David (2018). Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1501143311.
  • Granovetter, Mark (1995), Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-30581-3
  • Joshel, Sandra (1992), Work, Identity, and Legal Status at Rome: A Study of the Occupational Inscriptions, University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 978-0-8061-2444-5
  • Kranzberg, Melvin; Gies, Joseph (1986), By the Sweat of Thy Brow: Work in the Western World, Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0-313-25323-2
  • Miller, Ann Ratner; Treiman, Donald; Cain, Pamela; Roos, Pamela (1980), Work, Jobs, and Occupations: a critical review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, National Academy Press
  • Orr, Julian Edgerton (1996), Talking about Machines: An Ethnography of a Modern Job, Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-8390-5
  • Robinson, Tony; Willcock, David (2005), The Worst Jobs in History: Two Thousand Years of Miserable Employment, Pan Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-330-43857-5
  • Roebuck, Carl (1969), The Muses at Work: arts, crafts, and professions in ancient Greece and Rome, MIT Press
  • Morse, Nancy; Weiss, Robert (1955). “The Function and Meaning of Work and the Job”. American Sociological Review. 20 (2): 191–198. doi:10.2307/2088325. JSTOR 2088325.

career:-

INTRODUCTION:-

Career development is now a lifelong process, rather than a lifelong job, and involves moving laterally or upwards within an organisation or between organisations. It is the combination of your life experience, learning, and all work experience.
Career Management Introduction | Human Resource Management

What is a career?

The past, the present and the future

The past:-

A typical career path in the past involved almost guaranteed job security. You obtained a “job for life” and you could expect steady progression up an organisation’s structure.

The present:-

Factors such as technological growth and consumer demand have changed the world of work. Career development is now a lifelong process, rather than a lifelong job, and involves moving laterally or upwards within an organisation or between organisations. It is the combination of your life experience, learning, and all work experience. These days, you are responsible for your own career and you have to continuously reflect on where you are, where you want to be and how you will prepare for further career opportunities.

The future:-

Change is everywhere. The world of work is constantly changing and we must rely on ourselves much more for stability and direction. In order to do this, we need to be aware of the changes that are occurring in the current world of work.

What is the world of work like?

Have I got the right information?

It’s important to make sure that your career decisions are informed by a realistic assessment of the information available rather than relying on assumptions that you or others may have.
Some of these assumptions may have gained credibility over time, especially if they have been reinforced by the media and people whose opinion you value.
The exercise below will give you the opportunity to test your own career assumptions.

Myths and realities quiz

This mini quiz gives you the opportunity to become aware of any career myths you may have accepted as realities and to possibly challenge these assumptions. Being aware of career myths that have influenced your career planning so far may open up new possibilities for exploration that you may not have considered.

Unmistakeable trends

Change is everywhere. There are no longer short periods of change followed by long periods of stability. We have to learn to live and prosper in a world of constantly changing demands and possibilities. Some of these changes include technological change, globally competitive markets, new patterns of work and higher educational requirements.
Whatever the reason, there has been a series of unmistakable trends, particularly in the world of work. These trends include:
  • changing social contracts between employers and labourers;
  • increasing contract work;
  • globalisation;
  • an increased competition for employment;
  • technology and its impact on all industries;
  • the creation of new industries;
  • an ageing population.
In South Africa, we are still grappling with high youth unemployment, unequal access to further education opportunities, and a widening income gap.
The results of these changes and trends are now having a major impact on our lives and we must rely on ourselves much more for stability and direction. We are constantly being reminded that we need to operate as a “company of one” and be flexible enough to respond quickly in this ever-changing environment.

Reference Links:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job
https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/myunisa/default/Learner-support-&-regions/Counselling-and-career-development/Plan-your-career/Introduction-to-careers

Different types of Digital Marketing media

Digital marketing refers to advertising delivered through digital channels such as search engines, websites, social media, email, and mobile apps. Using these online media channels, digital marketing is the method by which companies endorse goods, services, and brands.

Nowadays, Digital Marketing is the most commonly used way of advertising and promoting goods and services and for good reason. Social Media has completely changed the A-Zs of Advertising. Digital Marketing offers it all- from insights into the customer’s engagement with the post, decrease in costs compared to traditional ways of marketing (tv, radio ads, billboards) and the ‘trend’ and ‘viral’ factor which, once taken advantage of, can help boost the sales of the company by a huge margin. Targeted emails and personalised ads to the target audience according to their taste and preferences compared to one ad designed for the general public (published in newspapers or played on tv/radio) is much more efficient and effective.

Moreover, as social media platforms gain more popularity and attracts more and more people, it guarantees more reach and views for the digital content/media, making it more efficient than traditional means.

There are three major types of digital media channels which are Owned, Paid and Earned media.

Owned media channel is controlled by the brand itself. For example, Instagram account of Netflix India. All the media shared on this channel is owned and developed by the company itself which is why it is not trusted and considered credible. There are no guarantees that it will attract consumers because communication from the company about its own products is not trustworthy.

However, some of its benefits include- It gives control over the content consumed and shared with the target audience. It is cost efficient because the company does not have to pay a third party to do the same. It is a long-term plan since its not based on time duration-based contract with any third party and it is not feedback or word of mouth that dies down with time.

Paid media channel is controlled by a third party who is paid to share content for the company. For example, Ads on Instagram, paid searches on google etc. This channel is in demand as social media platforms become business friendly day by day and this also gives control as the company approves and knows what is being shared and consumed by its target audience.

Some of its challenges are- This channel has a declining response rate as consumers are becoming more aware of such tactics and do not trust paid sources. Moreover, it has poor credibility because the third party is being paid to publish catchy and engaging content and it does not say anything about the quality of the product or service.

Earned media channel is the channel controlled by the customers. For example, Word of mouth, recommendations to friends and family, Trends and buzz etc. All media and feedback shared by customers publicly which can be positive or negative. The main benefit is that this channel is the most credible because these are the genuine feedbacks from customers who have used the product or service. If positive, it can also boost sales and increase market share by attracting new customers due to word of mouth. However, it does not give the company any control as it can be negative and damaging to the company’s reputation in that case.

Computers in detail

Definition

A computer is a machine that performs tasks and calculations according to a series of instructions or program operations (circuits, etc.) and software (OS, the underlying software that controls the hardware when the user issues instructions).

Programming

You don’t need a car, its function is the same as a jukebox that keeps playing tracks. For example, they want to tell the music box to play different music every time. They want to program the music box so that it can play different music. This part of the history of computers is called “the history of programmable machines.” “This is a concise sentence in the history of machines. When I speak their language, I can order to do different things.”

The role of computers in daily life

Today’s computers are fast, small and small. Powerful. Computers can save money, time and labor; otherwise it would take months or years to complete in a few seconds with computers. Launch satellites using a simple application on our desktop. According to the requirements, the storage capacity and speed of the computer will be different. For example, NASA and other companies that use high-speed supercomputers, because speed is an important part of your business. Computers are cheaper than smart phones. The essence is in hand. At home, computers provide opportunities to access social networks, read books, or work from home.In the office, they are the most important because they are the most important form of work. Although computers can help with almost everything from shopping to work to taking notes or playing games, people rely heavily on computers for almost everything. Computers make life easier and faster than ever. Large storage rooms are of great help to today’s business. The data received from different systems is stored on the computer for later use. In addition, previous shopping, reading, work, arithmetic, calling appointments and events or activating alarms all occurred in different places. Now everything can be done with our smart phone. If the book is bulky, it would be great to bring ten books. Now; millions of books are within reach. There is no need to check calendars anymore, because they have been replaced by reminders that automatically remind us of important events and clocks that only need to be activated once. These are some basic tasks that are performed daily, and it is difficult to work without a computer. Computers are no longer a luxury, they can be used in different forms on different platforms, for example as smart phones. Computers are also very helpful in medicine and have undergone extensive development in the past decade. Addictive.All in all, we can say that computers have profoundly affected our lives, and changes are no longer associated with ease, habit, and popularity.

The above is a small example of computers, but as far as modern technology is concerned, computers have changed our way of life. Computers are not only used for arithmetic but are now active in teaching, industrial purposes, automated processes, data management, analysis, personal and group entertainment, Music synthesis, professional photo and video editing, hardcore games, research goals, creating new software and applications to make life easier, shopping, banking, marketing, and even participating in the artificial creation of intelligent creatures with deep learning concepts and machine learning.

Service Business- the upcoming style of business

With Service business gaining popularity every day and changing the way business is done, more and more entrepreneurs are starting service-oriented businesses. Be it cloud storage, entertainment channels like Netflix, Prime, Hotstar etc, multi-service platforms like UrbanClap, now known as Urban Company which offers almost all services you could possibly need or even food and grocery delivery apps (Zomato, Big Basket), Service Business has made its way into every industry.

A decade ago, Service Business was limited to services like consultations, tuitions, banking services, financial services (agent, brokers and consultants), after-sale services, real estate, event management, etc. But with the advancement in technology and skills of new entrepreneurs over time, it has expanded tremendously.

However, the nature of service business and its operations, compared to manufacturing or other kinds of businesses is very different. For example, in a manufacturing business, the manufacturer or any employee of the company, does not have any relationship or direct contact with its customer (except customer care and salespeople). However, in most service businesses, communication and maintaining a direct relationship with the customer is very important.

Dimensions of Service

In order to successfully establish and grow a service-oriented business, it is necessary to understand its dimensions and analyse where your business lies in terms of the three dimensions- Service Package, Service Customisation and Customer contact.

a) Service Package (Nature)

Service Package refers to the nature of the service and the value it adds. This tells us which part of the operation/service requires more attention. For example, if a service is dependent on tangible activities like in the case of food/grocery delivery apps, more attention is paid to spend money on tangible assets. However, if the service is dependent on intangible activities like salon beauty services, training and retention of skilled employees and development of firm’s knowledge assets is more important.

b) Service Customization

Service Customization refers to the level of customization or standardization of the service. This gives us an insight into the kind of human resources required and the nature of operations to be followed. For example, if the service is more or less standardised like in the case of plumbing, employees/workers with more narrow skills can be hired and a standardised step by step approach can be followed.

However, if the service is customised according to the needs and demands of every customer like in case of a bakery that makes customised cakes, the operation becomes less predictable and more variable so the company needs highly skilled employees/workers. Such organisations compete on the degree of customisation offered instead of cost.

c) Customer Contact

Customer contact refers to the degree of contact the employees have with the customer which depends on the nature of the service. The degree of customer contact is divided into- Front-room and Back-room operations.

Front-room operations refer to the part of the service where the customer interfaces directly with the service organisation. Back-room operations refer to the part of the service where there’s no contact with the customer.

For example, getting a Netflix/Prime subscription is a back-room oriented service. So, the company does not need employees with people skills since there is no direct contact or communication involved in the service. On the other hand, any service available on Urban Company requires direct contact (front-room) with the customer and hence, the employees hired should know how to be pleasant and cater to the needs of the customer.

With the help of these dimensions of service business, one must analyse the position of their service business and make its human resources and operations related decisions accordingly.

STREET MARKETS- A GATEWAY TO LEARN BUSINESS

Learning lessons of management from business books is not the only option to gain knowledge about business but we can gain similar knowledge by exploring our Indian street markets where we encounter a wide variety of businesses and street vendors. We can learn something new point from every interaction on streets.

WHY INDIAN UNORGANIZED SECTOR GOT THAT MUCH POPULARITY IN MAKING ECONOMY?

The street markets (or) small businesses comes under unorganized or non-corporated sector. This sector has loin share in national income, manufacturing activities, employment, forex earnings etc.. Only unorganized sector itself comprises 92 percent of Indian workforce.

Street vendors every day thrive through many difficulties. The environment where they operate is dynamic and constantly changing. They used to adopt different strategies to sell their limited sources to the customers. Most of the small businesses or street vendors do not have permanent shops. Street vendors should set up shops every day and close them by evening.

For Example: When we come across a street markets, we can observe the prices of commodities cheaper when compared to the marts. This is because, they do not have to pay rent or electricity bills or fees to the government and there will be a large number of shops which sell the same goods. If some trader charge high on a particular commodity then people would move to the other shop where they can get same commodity under low price or where the buyer can bargain and bring the price down.

The above stated example shows us the scenario of the street markets and make us to understand the hectic competetive situation of the vendors.

THE TECHNIQUES THAT WE CAN LEARN FROM THE STREET VENDORS ARE:

1) Most of the street vendors “work with limited resources” . They doesn’t any office setup to sell their products. They only look about how to sell their products using less resources.

2) Street vendors used to be customer centric: Yes, most of the street vendors truly apply the fact that ” customer is the king”. They take the initiative step to interact with the customers instead of waiting for the customers. Not only that most of the street vendors like to set up their shop where they can get the potential customers to sell their products.

3) Discipline and Consistency: Street vendors used to be focused to wards their work. They have to wake up early in the morning in order to get the stocks for that day and will return to their stay after every one has gone. They should maintain the same routine through out the year. This shows that discipline and consistency are the virtues that should be possessed by every entrepreneur in order to see profits in their business.

4) Symbiotic co-existence with customers : Street vendors possess a good collaborative skills with their competitors also. Though they sit next to each other and sell the same products also they used to help each other. This is one of the best thing that we can learn from vendors.

5) Adaptive nature: Street vendors used adapt different strategies to sell their goods as per the demand. At the same time they used to manage their business by changing the products to sell according to the season and demand.

CONCLUSTION:

Finally, when we start understanding the street markets or small businesses they teach us the other side of the coin. The one, who really want to get succeed as an entrepreneur (or) who want to learn tactics of the business then try to visit your local market places where you can learn many new principles that you can’t even get from your academics to execute your business wisely.

” THE KEY TO LEARN SOMETHING NEW IS TO OBSERVE THE THINGS AROUND YOU “

SOCIAL MEDIA

Needs and merits

The ability to build real relationships is one of the most important aspects of social media and a key factor in attracting people of all ages, genders and nationalities. It is an important part of developing healthy social networks and powerful social network tools. People can share their business, products and services with the world as long as they stay connected and use social media. Social networks allow people to communicate, and everyone can update and report at any time. Companies make full use of social media to improve your online reputation and greatly help increase sales and personal income.

  • You need to make sure to use all social media platforms to gain insight into the needs of your customers. To make the most of social media for your business, make sure you have a content marketing plan. If you need content on any social media platform, you can use social media asset management tools to create high-quality content.
  • You can also use social media to track what people say on social media. Although social media is mainly used by the public, the government also uses it to raise public awareness.
  • Although the use of social media for teaching can be distracting, educators can do everything they can to guide students to develop good habits and practices, Benefit. Regarding the advantages provided by social networks.
  • If you consistently and continuously invest time and effort, you will see the real benefits of social media marketing. Social media can give your business a huge advantage by helping you connect with your target audience. It can cover a large number of people, but for social media, it is also a media sharing network.
  • Social media advertising is one of the two components used together to attract potential customers and spread information and brand awareness. Different from classic ads. When you actively post on social media pages, social media marketing is easy.

SOCIAL MEDIA AS A BLESSING

There are some people who actually make a good or can say the best use of the social media. Like if we talk about the young entrepreneurs who have just begun with a start up but is lacking in public attraction and funding so they create a short 30seconds advertisement and attach it with the trending apps which work through network connection . Talking about the awareness ;both the social media and mass media have been playing their roles very well by keeping their viewers updated with the latest screamers , exposing the Scams ,scandals , and even the worse parts of humanity .