“Rolls-Royce”- The expensive Cars maker

Rolls Royce makes some of the worlds most luxurious and expensive cars, which are known for producing hand crafted automobiles that promises a seamless ” magical carpet ride” for it’s customers. Rolls Royce cars do not come cheap. With virtually unlimited optional extras, upgrades and customizations, the true cost of a bespoke Rolls Royce has no limits. So, what are some of the bespoke extras? And what is it that makes Rolls Royce so expensive?

One of the first thing is probably the color. They have a palette of 44000+ colors. they replicatre peoples lipsticks, something from their house or something they own, something they like, they see. The best example of what they have done is, they have replicated the color of the dog, the shades in it through DNA testing and found the exact same color. Then the color will be registered as the owners color, and if someone wants the same shade, then they should take permission from the owner.

They have a paint service which they call it the surface finish Centre. They provide the car with at least seven layers of coat. there is primers, base coats, colors and they put them on two clear coats of Lacquer.

The coating they provide alone is equating to about 45 kilograms. In addition to the endless variations of color, the customers can infuse their paint with materials to create special effects. The paint work of Rolls Royce car was done by just one person by hand i.e., by Mark Court, Coach liner of Rolls Royce Cars. A Coach liner means, they are able to put the pinstripe onto the side of the car. The uniqueness is, the fact that the person do that with completely free hand and he is the only one in the Rolls Royce who is capable of doing this.

There are several unmistakable features of every Rolls Royce exterior. The handmade pantheon grille, the self righting wheel centers that ensure the RR logo is never rotated and the spirit of Ecstasy ornament . In fact in 2003, BMW paid $65 million to acquire the rights to the Rolls Roycs name, symbol and the spirit of Ecstasy. But it’s inside the car where luxury and cost dramatically increased. To create virtually silent ride, they had approximately 300pounds of acoustic insulation around the cabin. Its tire manufacturer continental, even developed special foam filled tires which reduced the noise of the roads by 9 decibels.

The dashboard of the Rolls Royce phantom can even become a bespoke art gallery. another shining feature is the star light headliner an intricate series of fiber optic roof lights that recreate the night sky.

Also, there are many other features like hand made logo embroidery, starlight designs which make them unique.

What is Cannibalism? Is it still happening?

Did you know that cannibalism used to be a popular medical remedy???

Cannibalism the eating of human flesh by another human being or the act of consuming another individual of the same species as food.

That’s right. In 17th century, Europeans would ingest ground up mummies for headaches, human fat, blood and bones were used to treat everything from Gout to nosebleeds. Yet, cannibalism is largely absent and morally frowned upon today.

Lets forget the social quagmire. there are plenty of reasons why you shouldn’t eat people. For the basics to be touched, we know that human meat is surprisingly low source of calories compared to other red meats.

According to one random study, human muscle contains about 1300 calories per kilogram. That’s less than a beef and nothing compared to Bear and Boar meat. now, people might think that, this would actually make human burgers a great low calorie alternative, untill you remember that you are probably trying to eat humans because you are starving to death. So, low calorie is the opposite of what you want.

It turns out we carry some pretty nasty diseases that make 24hour food poisoning look like the sniffles. eat someone raw and you risk contracting any bloodborne diseases they carry. But even if you cook the meat, it still wont always go so well for you.

case in point are the Fore people of Papua New Guinea. These people would eat the body, brain of the deceased family members out of cultural tradition. But gratefully this practice stopped after hundreds of people died in and around 1950’s and 60’s from an otherwise rare neurological disorder which they’ve contracted from eating the infected human brains.

The brain tissue contained prions, deadly misfolded proteins that form spongy holes in your brain. They survive the cooking process and if eaten are highly contagious. On the legal side of things, cannibalism falls into a gray area. Oddly enough, cannibalism itself isn’t illegal in the US or UK, but you probably committed some crime along the way to get that slab of meat. Grave robbing, desecration of corpse, murder and maybe all. One exception that won’t put you behind the bars is….if you eat yourself. Also, they gave the name for this self eating process too. This auto eating/ self eating process is called, AutoCannibalism. The most common example today is called Placentophagy, is when a women eats her placenta after giving birth . the idea is that it could raise energy levels and reduce the risk of postpartum depression by stabilizing harmones. But it’s still under process, because the science is still out there looking for the actual answers.

But regardless, this ancient practices have found a new life in western culture. Kim Kardashian and Alicia Silverstone have reportedly done it and there are numerous US companies that will grind your placenta into powder, so that you can take it like a vitamin supplement.

So, this is all i know and mostly you should know about Cannibalism

“Education”-A Weapon For Developing Nation

The process of receiving or giving an sysmatic instruction, especially at a school or university. Education originated as transmission of cultural heritage from one generation to the next.

The formal education is usually in school, where a person may learn basic, academic, or trade skills. Small children often attend a nursery or kindergarden but often formal education begins in elementary school & continuous with secondary school.

Types of Education- Formal education- This is also known as formal learning which usually takes place within the premises of the school. It refers to the basic academic knowledge that a child learns in a formal manner.This continues from an elementary school to secondary school and further on to colleges. Such an education is provided by specially qualified teachers who are efficient enough with the art of instruction.The student and the teacher are both aware of the facts and engage themselves through a process of education. Some of the examples formal education are classroom lea Institute grading/certification, or planned education of different subjects with a proper syllabus acquired by attending an institution.

Informal education-This is the type of education wherein a parent is teaching a child things that are beyond academics like preparing a meal or riding a bicycle.People can also get informal education through books or educational websites. This is an education that is not derived in schools through a proper learning method. It is not pre-planned nor deliberate.It is an experience that an individual garners by undergoing regular pra and observing others. Some of the examples may be teaching a child witn some basic personality traits, learning a mother tongue, performing certain extracurricular activities, etc. Non-formal education – It refers to adult basic education, adult literacy education, or skill development. It can take different forms of learning, which is consistently and systematically provided in order to develop a particular skill or ability in an individual.This type of education is highly flexible and includes a wide range of activities. Some of the examples may be fitness programs, community-based adult education courses, and free course different platforms. Splato’s academy, mosaic from Pompeii Education began in prehistory, as adults trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In pre literate societies, this was achieved orally and through imitation. Story-telling passed knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to the next. As cultures began to extend their knowledge beyond skills that could be readily learned through imitation, formal education developed. Schools existed in Egypt at the time of the Middle Kingdom. Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi in the Chinese edition of Euclid’s Elements published in 1607.

Chinese edition of Euclid’s Elements published in 1607Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in Europe. The city of Alexandria in Egypt, established in 330 BC, became the successor to Athens as the intellectual cradle of Ancient Greece. There, the great Library of Alexandria was built in the 3rd century BC. European civilizations suffered a collapse of literacy and organization following the fall of Rome in CE 476.In China, Confucius (551-479 BC), of the State of Lu, was the country’s most influential ancient philosopher, whose educational outlook continues to influence the societies of China and neighbours like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Confucius gathered disciples and searched in vain for a ruler who would adopt his ideals for good governance, but his Analects were written down by followers and have continued to influence education in East Asia into the modern era. The Aztecs had schools for the noble youths called Calmecac where they would receive rigorous religious and mi The Aztecs had schools for the noble youths called Calmecac where they would receive rigorous religious and military training. The Aztecs also had a well-developed theory about education, which has an equivalent word in Nahuatl called tlacahuapahualiztli. It means “the art of raising or educating a person”,or “the art of strengthening or bringing up men”. This was a broad conceptualization of education, which prescribed that it begins at home, supported by formal schooling, and reinforced by community living. Historians cite that formal education was mandatory for everyone regardless of social class and gender. There was also the word neixtlamachiliztli , which is “the act of giving wisdom to the face. These concepts underscore a complex set of educational practices, which was oriented towards communicating to the next generation the experience and intellectual heritage of the past for the purpose of individual development and his integration into the community.After the Fall of Rome, the Catholic Church became the sole preserver of literate scholarship in Western Eurono.

Elsewhere during the Middle Ages, Islamic science and mathematics flourished under the Islamic caliphate which was established across the Middle East, extending from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Indus in the east and to the Almoravid Dynasty and Mali Empire in the south.The Renaissance in Europe ushered in a new age of scientific and intellectual inquiry and appreciation of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg developed a printing press, which allowed works of literature to spread more quickly. The European Age of Empires saw European ideas of education in philosophy, religion, arts and sciences spread out across the globe. Missionaries and scholars also brought back new ideas from other civilizations – as with the Jesuit China missions who porgmissio s who played a significant role in the transmission of knowledge, science, and culture between China and Europe, translating works from Europe like Euclid’s Elements for Chinese scholars and the thoughts of Confucius for European audiences. The Enlightenment saw the emergence of a more secular educational outlook in Europe. Much of modern traditional Western and Eastern education is based on the Prussian education system.In most countries today, full-time education, whether at school or otherwise, is compulsory for all children up to a certain age. Due to this the proliferation of compulsory education, combined with population growth, UNESCO has calculated that in the next 30 years more people will receive formal education than in all Education . Importance of Education- It helps a person to get knowledge and improve confidence in life. It can help you improve in your career and your personal growth. An educated person can become a great citizen in society. It helps you to take the right decisions in life.The modern, developed and industrialised world is running on the wheels of education. To be able to survive in the competitive world, we all need education as a torch that leads the way. Mentioned below are the various features of education which outline the importance of education in human life. Safety Against Crime: The chances often educated person getting involved in crime or criminal acts are very low. An educated person is well aware of his/ her surroundings and is less susceptible to getting cheated or be fooled Women Empowerment: The empowerment of women is an essential and important pillar to optimize the good functioning .

Women Empowerment: The empowerment of women is an essential and important pillar to optimize the good functioning of our society and nation as a whole. We can break old customs like child marriage, sati, dowry, etc only by educating the men and women of our nation. The fundamental right of Right to Freedom and Expression can only be achieved if the women of our country are educated and empowered. We can win the fight against the many social evils. Removing Poverty: Education is pivotal in removing our poverty from our society and our country. The clutches of poverty are very harsh and one of the main factors behind all the problems of our society. If a person if well educated, he/she can get a good job and earn money to sustain his/her family Preventing War and Terrorism: Education teaches everyone the importance of peace and Brother, the importance of staving united and Talk to a expert.

Preventing War and Terrorism:Education teaches everyone the importance of peace and brotherhood. The importance of staying united and spreading love is the need of the hour. To achieve world peace and prevent war and terrorism, education is important. Maintaining Law and Order: A good political ideology can only be developed if the citizens of our country are educated and taught the importance of following and respecting the law and order of our country. Law abiding citizens contribute majorly in improving and sustaining the law and order of the country and the world.Importance of Education for a Country below are the reasons why education is important for our country, as well as any country in the world.Citizens of a country understand true potential through the means of Talk to an expert.

Education is always remains the backbone of the nation and the government also made changes in education policy 2020 for development of the country.

Retail inflation eases to 7.04% in May

Food price inflation, which had hit 8.31% in April, eased a little to 7.97% in May thanks to a decline in rural food inflation from 8.5% to 7.76%. 

Inflation faced by rural consumers fell from 8.38% in April to 7.01% in May, but for households in urban areas, the pace of price rise was virtually flat month-on-month, moving from 7.09% in April to 7.08% in May.

Bad Bank

A bad bank is a financial entity set up to buy non performing assets (NPAs), or bad loans, from banks. It is not involved in lending and taking deposits, but helps commercial banks clean up their balance sheets and resolve bad loans.It buys bad debtors of a bank at a mutually agreed value and attempts to recover the debts or associated securities by itself.

The aim of setting up a bad bank is to help ease the burden on banks by taking bad loans off their balance sheets and get them to lend again to customers without constraints. After the purchase of a bad loan from a bank, the bad bank may later try to restructure and sell the NPA to investors who might be interested in purchasing it. A bad bank makes a profit in its operations if it manages to sell the loan at a price higher than what it paid to acquire the loan from a commercial bank. A supposed advantage in setting up a bad bank is that it can help consolidate all bad loans of banks under a single exclusive entity. The one time transfer of assets out of the balance sheets will relieve banks of their assets out of bank’s balance sheets will relieve banks of their stressed assets and allow them to focus on their core business of lending. Banks with clean balance sheets can mobilize fresh capital from the market and improve their credit growth, which is crucial for spurring investments. Bad banks would also give an impetus to India’s economic growth , which has been affected by heightened risk aversion arising from the unbridled growth in NPAs . And the bad bank will unlock trapped capital, which will be a net positive for the economy in the long term. The idea of a bad bank has been tried out in countries such as the U.S.,Germany, Japan and others in the past. Some experts believe that by taking bad loans off banks, a bad bank can free capital of over ₹ 5 lakh crore that is locked in by banks as provisions against these bad loans. This will give banks the freedom to use the freed customers.

It is argued that creating a bad bank is just shifting the problem from one place to another.Without fundamental reforms to solve the NPA problem, the bad bank is likely to become a warehouse for bad loans without any recovery taking place. An important concern is regarding mobilizing capital for the bad bank. In an economy hit by the pandemic, it is hard to find buyers for distressed assets and the Government is also in a tight fiscal position. There is no clear procedure to determine at what price and which loans should be transferred to the bad banks.

Former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan was cautious about the idea of a bad bank in which banks held a majority stake. In his book ‘I Do What I Do,’ the celebrated economist and banker had pointed out that if a bad bank was in the public sector, the reluctance to act would merely be shifted to the bad bank.

Sources : The Hindu, Drishti IAS , Wikipedia

The Radium Girl- Marie Curie

One of the most recognizable figures in science, “Madame Curie” has captured the public imagination for more than 100 years and inspired generations of women scientists.

Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867–1934) was the first person ever to receive two Nobel Prizes, the first person to win in two different fields. The first in 1903 in physics, shared with Pierre Curie (her husband) and Henri Becquerel for the discovery of the phenomenon of radioactivity, and the second in 1911 in chemistry for the discovery of the radioactive elements polonium and radium.

Curie was best known for her work in radioactivity which had saved a millions of lives during the first world war and ultimately led her own death.

Mary Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland under the control of the Russian Empire on November-07,1867. She was the youngest child of teachers. Her mother, Bronislawa Sklodowska was the head teacher of the prestigious boarding school specially for girls. Her father, Wladyslaw Sklodowski taught physics and Mathematics and was proud of his Polish heritage. As a result of his patriotism, his russian supervisors forced him into lower-paying positions. He also lost his savings through a bad investment

Maria finished her class, but wasn’t allowed to attend university because she was a woman. The Russian empire banned women from getting a university education. She and her sister registered themselves in a secret university named Flying university or Floating university in Warsaw .

She enrolled her in University of Paris known as the Sorbonne, where she studied Physics and mathematics. She earned a degree despite of her difficulties in Mathematics and Physics.

Marie Curie would earn her Doctorate/Doctor of Science degree from the Sorbonne in 1903. She did her thesis on radiation, which was recently discovered in Uranium by henry Becquerel. Curie was interested in Becquerel’s discovery and investigated further. She used an electrometer invented by her husband and his brother to measure radioactivity in many substances and minerals. She then realized through her experiments that, radiation was a property of the element in uranium, yet she observed the mineral pitchblende which primarily contains Uranium. She noticed it was far more radioactive than Uranium could explain. She was intrigued about the self questions and then he dropped of his own work and join his wife in her research. they grounded up tons of pitchblende and discovered an element that was 400times more radioactive than uranium, and then they named the element after her country of birth as polonium and then they discovered another element that gave off 900times more radiation than polonium and then came into the picture “RADIUM”– the unglamorous work of extracting and isolating the elements took place in a leaky and drafty shack near Pierre’s work as they didn’t have a dedicated lab space.

Their efforts got paid off. The Nobel prize in Physics in 1903 went to Marie, Piere and Becquerel for their research in radiation. This left a mark as Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.

The origin of “monkey pox”-

The monkeypox is a rare and dangerous viral disease which is found in Europe and US, has raised red flags in several countries. It is rare, usually mild infection as it is contaminated from infected wild animals in Africa.

It was discovered in 1958 when two- pox like outbreaks occurred in colonies of monkey kept for research, thus leading in its name says US centres for disease controla and prevention (CDC).

It is caused by monkeypox virsuses, a type of orthopoxvirus.One of two types in humans the one is African type causes a less severe disease than central African type.This may be spread from handling bushmeat, animal bites or scratches, body fluids, contaminated objects or other than less contact with infected persons.

Symptoms-. It includes headache, muscle pains ,fever and fatigue.It may intially appar like flu.

It can resemble an chickenpox, measles and smallpox, but it is distinguished by presence of swollen glands.

They appear behind the ear, below the jaw, in neck or in groin before onset of rash.

Many cases in 2022 monkeypox an outbreak presented with genital and penianal lesions, fever , swollen lymph.

How To Prevent-

Smallpox vaccine has been reported to reduce risk of monkeypox among previously vaccinated person in Africa.

The (CDC) recommends that person who investigating monkeypox outbreak and involved in caring for infected persons should receive smallpox vaccination.

The (CDC) does not recommends pre- exposure vaccination for unexposed veterinarian, veterinary staff, or animal control officers.

The( CDC) recommends that healthcare providers done a full set of personal protective equipment.

The disease is rare and dangerous so the people must be aware of the infection and should be vaccinated timely to avoid the chance to get infected.

CAG : Chief guardian of public purse

The Comptroller and Auditor General of India is the Constitutional and Independent Authority in India, established under Article 148 of the Constitution of India.
He is the head of the Indian audit as they are authorized to audit all receipts and expenditure of government of India and state governments,including those of autonomous bodies and corporations substantially financed by the Government. 
They are entitled to audit the Consolidated fund of India, Contengency fund of India and public account so it is said to be chief guardian of public purse.

CAG is appointed by the President by warrant under his  hand and seal and provided with tenure of 6 years or 65 years of age,  whichever is earlier. They can’t be appointed twice.
CAG can be removed by  the President only in accordance with the procedure mentioned in the Constitution that is the manner same as removal of a Supreme Court Judge.
He is ineligible to hold any office, either under the Government of India  or of any state,once he retires/resigns as a CAG.

As per the provisions of the constitution, the CAG’s (DPC) (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) Act, 1971 was enacted. As per the various provisions, the duties of the CAG include the audit of:
• Receipts and expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India and of the State and Union Territory having legislative assembly.
• Trading, manufacturing, profit and loss accounts and balance sheets, and other subsidiary accounts kept in any Government department; Accounts of stores and stock kept in Government offices or departments.
• Government companies as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2009 Corporations established by or under laws made by Parliament in accordance with the provisions of the respective legislation.
• Authorities and bodies substantially financed from the Consolidated Funds of the Union and State Governments. Anybody or authority even though not substantially financed from the Consolidated Fund, the audit of which may be entrusted to the CAG.
• Grants and loans given by Government to bodies and authorities for specific purposes.
• Entrusted audits e.g. those of Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies under Technical Guidance & Support (TGS)

.Limitations of CAG :
• The CAG officials only see accounts that government departments want them to see.
• The CAG cannot call for particulars of expenditure incurred by the executive agencies but has to accept a certificate from the competent administrative authority that the expenditure has been so incurred under his authority.
• The CAG officials are often under pressure of time and the concerned officers says the related files are lost.

The solution to the problem is to digitize the receipts and expenditure to be audited, make government accountable for transparency and CAG get as much time as needed to make adequate audit report.

Sources : The Hindu, Wikipedia

“I am of the opinion that this dignitary or officer is probably the most important officer in the Constitution of India. He is the one man who is going to see that the expenses voted by Parliament are not exceeded, or varied from what has been laid down by Parliament in the Appropriation Act.” — Dr. B.R Ambedkar

India’s First women Air Marshal- Padma Bandopadhyay

Padmavathy Subramaniam Iyer, popularly known as Padma Bandopadhyay, was born in November 1944 (77 years old as of 2021) in Tripathi, Andhra Pradesh, to a Tamil-speaking family.

She was at the age of three when her mother got Tuberculosis. Her father worked to support his family. At an early age she started doing household work. She learned to cook rice, fetch water and clean. After some years, her mother got fully recovered from severe Tuberculosis. From that, Padma got inspiration to become a medical doctor.

She studied at Delhi Tamil Education Association Senior Secondary Schools in the humanities stream. After graduating from school, she made the difficult and uncommon transition from humanities to the science stream in Delhi University. She studied pre-medical at Kirori Mal College and then joined the Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, in 1963.

She joined Indian Air Force in 1968. Bandopadhyay was promoted to Wing Commander, and was posted to DIPAS (Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences ), where she did outstanding research work in high altitude. She helped produce the new acclimatisation program for Indian Soldiers at high altitudes. And developed precautionary steps to High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema (HAPO) and High Altitude Cerebral Oedema (HACO).

She is the first Indian female to have administered scientific study at the North Pole.
On her arrival in India, she received the Indira Priyadarshini Award for being an outstanding lady with so many accomplishments to her name. This was a first for any lady in uniform. She was bestowed the Air Force Wives Welfare Association Trophy by AFWWA. Promoted to become the First Lady Air Vice Marshal of the Indian Air Force, she was the first of all the Air Forces of the world. Padma also took over as the Additional Director General Armed Forces Medical Services. Padmavathy also became the first Lady Director General Medical Services of the forces.

A ” Palace of Winds”

Hawa Mahal was built by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh which was located in heart of the pink city of jaipur, rajasthan.This beautiful pink structure is predominantly a high screen wall made up of pink and red sandstone that denotes to a royal women to get an eyeful of street festivals and busy. It was built in 1979 as he was so impressed with the khetri mahal built in the town of jhunjhuna, rajasthan that he embarked constructing Hawa Mahal. It is extention of royal City palace and leads to Zenana or woman’s chambers to facilitate royal rajput woman.

Intersting Facts You Must Know About Hawa Mahal- Hawa Mahal has about 953 windows which keep the palace cool. All the Jaipur royals utilized this building as their summer retreat.The building was specially erected for the royal ladies of Jaipur.The meaningful purpose of this building was to allow Royal ladies watch the street festivals.

There is no front entrance to the Hawa Mahal. If you want to get in, you have to enter from the rear side.The Hawa Mahal has only ramps, instead of regular stairs to reach the upper floors of the building. In the present day, the “Hawa Mahal” has become a famous tourist spot and one of the spectacular sights in Jaipur.The palace has become a famous spot for the shooting of several Indian and international films.Architecture Famous for its Architectural facts “Hawa Mahal” was designed like a beehive.

As Hawa Mahal has its own significance and it is shown that how royal woman is lived in ” purdah”.

Bajaj Auto’s new EV production line

Bajaj Auto shares rose in early trade on Friday but were back in the red territory ahead of the two-wheeler maker’s new electric vehicle production line launch due later in the day. On Thursday, the firm also announced that its board would consider a buyback of shares next week.

Shares of the company gained 2.2 percent in early trade but soon dropped 2.7 percent from that level to the day’s low of Rs 3,857. At 11:18 am, the stock was trading 0.4 percent lower at Rs 3,860.50 on BSE.

Chetak EV will be produced at the factory where the Chetak IC scooter was manufactured till 2005. Bajaj Auto has a booking backlog of approximately 16,000 Chetak EVs due to the supply crunch. The new EV factory will have a capacity of 400 units per day initially. Meanwhile, EV production will continue at Chakan simultaneously for some time.

Bajaj Auto's new EV production line

Bajaj Auto shares rose in early trade on Friday but were back in the red territory ahead of the two-wheeler maker’s new electric vehicle production line launch due later in the day. On Thursday, the firm also announced that its board would consider a buyback of shares next week.

Shares of the company gained 2.2 percent in early trade but soon dropped 2.7 percent from that level to the day’s low of Rs 3,857. At 11:18 am, the stock was trading 0.4 percent lower at Rs 3,860.50 on BSE.

Chetak EV will be produced at the factory where the Chetak IC scooter was manufactured till 2005. Bajaj Auto has a booking backlog of approximately 16,000 Chetak EVs due to the supply crunch. The new EV factory will have a capacity of 400 units per day initially. Meanwhile, EV production will continue at Chakan simultaneously for some time.

Are cloves valuable? Why are they so expensive?

In the forests of South India harvesters climb tress as tall as 50feet to hand pick these clove buds. When exported half of the pound of these dried cloves cost $30. That’s 10times as much as cumin. But as they focus on keeping their balance, harvesters must also be careful not to break the buds. If they do, the value of the clove drops significantly and that’s just where the risk begins.

To harvest the cloves correctly, workers put their lives on the line. So, what makes cloves worth the risks? Why are they so expensive?

Clove leaves and buds

Cloves and flower buds of cloves trees that haven’t blossomed yet, When dried, they are commonly used as a spice. A clove’s flavor is complex with a pinch of sweetness, bitterness and heat. The oil found in cloves has medicinal properties, that makes the spice valuable outside of just cooking. Cloves with the round head/crown still intact have the most oil. But to get cloves with the highest possible oil content, highly skilled labors are needed at every stage.

To get to the top of the trees, harvesters rely on ladder and some rope which is tied to the tree on three sides to secure it from falling and covers the bottom of the ladder with mud, so that it doesn’t move when the people navigates/hops on the tall trees. While climbing the person who climbs must make sure that they doesn’t break the branches and at the same time while picking on the clove buds, there should be a clear idea on picking the right bud(well grown) and also avoid plucking the new growing bud.

The workers nearly makes around $30 a day(on an average).

Once the cloves are picked from tree, harvesters carefully remove the individual buds from the stalks and leaves. they shift and sort each bud according to its size, age and whether it has top or not. It’s best if the circular crown of the clove where it would otherwise flower is still intact. This improves the spices taste and aroma. There is a machinery available for segregating the cloves/ sorting them. But for being on safe side many farmers prefer to handpick them to avoid the damage of buds which are most important.

The highest quality cloves were picked at the right time, just before they turned into pink flowers. They are large and plump and still have the crown. Second quality cloves also still have their tops, but they are small in size compared to the high quality one’s and these are small because, either they are picked too early or too late. The third quality are the one with the top having either flowered or broken off.

After the sorting process, the cloves are allowed to dry under the sun. High quality cloves take 3 days to dry under good sunlight. if the sunlight is too less then the quality of the clove drops. Instead of the golden brown, it becomes black and loses its most valuable properties i.e., its oil content.

First quality cloves are the most valuable and have the highest oil content. Clove oil is mostly made up of the compound “Eugenol” which is not only responsible for the cloves familiar aroma, but also for its medicinal benefits. Researchers have noted “Eugenol has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties“. So, the demand for the cloves go beyond their culinary uses.

Kanyakumari cloves are known for their high oil content and strong aroma. In fact these cloves were awarded a Geographical Indication tag(GI) in 2021“.

BIMSTEC

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a multilateral regional organisation established with the aim of accelerating shared growth and cooperation between littoral and adjacent countries in the Bay of Bengal region. It is interregional organisation connecting South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has 7 member countries in total – Five are from South Asia, namely India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Srilanka and 2 are from Southeast Asia , namely Myanmar and Thailand.

It was founded on 6th June 1997 as BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri-Lanka and Thailand Economic Cooperation) with the adoption of Bangkok declaration. It became BIMST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand Economic Cooperation) with the entry of Myanmar on 22nd December 1997. Nepal entered as Observer country in December, 1998. And later on , it was named in its current form when Nepal and Bhutan became members in 2004. BIMSTEC headquarters is located in Dhaka , Bangladesh. Its principle is to maintain sovereign equality, territorial integrity, political independence, no interference in internal affairs , peaceful coexistence and mutual beliefs. It is an addition not substitute to any existing bilateral , multilateral or regional ties.

It is a sector driven organization. Each member-countries serve as a lead for a sector : trade,investment and development (Bangladesh ); Environment and climate change (Bhutan); Security,including counter terrorism,tourism,transport and communication (India); agriculture and food Security (Myanmar); people-to-people contacts (Nepal); science,technology and innovation (SriLanka) ; and connectivity (Thailand).

In terms of connectivity, Bimstec has  three major projects that could transform the movement of goods and vehicles through the countries in the grouping.
1. Kaladan Multimodal Project – It seeks to link India and Myanmar. The project envisages connecting Kolkata to Sittwe port in Myanmar, and then Mizoram by river and road. India and Myanmar had signed a framework agreement in 2008 for the implementation of this project. It’s yet to be finished.
2.  Asian Trilateral Highway – It will connect  India and Thailand through Myanmar. The highway will run from Moreh in Manipur to Mae Sot in Thailand via Myanmar. It is expected to be completed by 2023.
3. Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal (BBIN) Motor Vehicles Agreement – the agreement was signed on 15th June 2015 for seamless movement of goods and vehicles.The BBIN project suffered a setback in 2017 when Bhutan temporarily opted out of it after being unable to get parliamentary approval for the

There are some issues hampering the progressive development of BIMSTEC :
1. Lack of cordial bilateral relations between its member states. Eg., India-Nepal, India-Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh-Myanmar ties are not good, due to political, economic, and social reasons.
2. Uncertainties over SAARC impact the development of BIMSTEC. Eg., BIMSTEC members Nepal and Sri Lanka want a revival of the SAARC summit.
3. Thegrowing influence of China in South Asia. Eg., popular Bangladeshi scholar supported admitting China as a partner in BIMSTEC. However, India will not welcome this idea.
4. Apathy towards holding regular annual summits. Eg., while most of the regional organisation (SCO, ASEAN, G20) were able to meet at a high political level even during the Pandemic, BIMSTEC leaders failed to meet.

the 5th BIMSTEC summit was hosted by Srilanka in hybrid mode on 30th March,2022. Our Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a contribution of $1 million towards BIMSTEC’s operational costs and another $3 million to revive the organization’s center for weather and forecast at Noida, India. He stressed the need to give priority to regional security.

In the 25 years of its existence BIMSTEC hasn’t achieved much. That could be changing now with India’s heightened interest in the grouping, as a vehicle for the achievement of its strategic interests.

Source : The Hindu , The Diplomat

Protests in several places over remarks against the Prophet

Protesters raise slogans against the controversial remarks by two now-suspended BJP leaders against Prophet Mohammad in Srinagar.

Tension mounted in Jammu’s Bhaderwah and some areas of Kishtwar prompting authorities to impose a curfew while parts of Kashmir observed a shutdown over the controversial remarks against Prophet Muhammad by two now-suspended BJP leaders, Nupur Sharma and Naveen Jindal. In Jharkhand, some policemen were injured in Ranchi while trying to control an irate mob after protests erupted with hundreds of people demanding the arrest of Ms. Sharma.