Java:

Developed by Sun Microsystems, Java is a class-based programming language. It is a standalone language that is executed in JVM( Java Virtual Machine) that allows Java programs to run on any platform.
Java with its secured environment and great compatibility has emerged as one of the best programming languages. The language is favored by enterprises too. More than 90 percent of Fortune 500 companies use Java for building applications and back end systems. This is why large enterprises these days hire Java developer for creating custom-tailored web applications.

JavaScript:

JavaScript is an interpreted high-level programming language that helps to make web applications more interactive and responsive. According to Stack Overflow’s 2018 Developer Survey, JavaScript is the most popular language among developers for the sixth year in a row.
Unlike Java, JavaScript is simple to learn. That’s why it is used everywhere for web development. JavaScript can easily be used with other languages within different types of web applications.
What’s similar between Java and JavaScript?
Before you proceed further to read more on Java vs JavaScript, let’s have a quick look at the major similarities shared by the two

Java vs JavaScript: What’s the Difference?

Java is an Object-Oriented Programming language that is platform-independent because it gets executed in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). On the other hand, JavaScript is an object-oriented scripting language that helps to create dynamic HTML pages. Java vs JavaScript has become a hot topic of discussion these days.
Purpose
While Java is used for all server-side development, JavaScript is primarily used for writing client-side scripts for tasks such as JS validation and interactivity.
Applications run differently
When we talk about Java vs JavaScript, then it’s important to know how these applications run. The applications created either using Java or JavaScript run entirely differently. Java develops applications that can run in a browser or virtual machine whereas applications made using JavaScript can run on a browser only.
Usability
Java applications are used in a number of places which include, Android applications, creation of the desktop applications, development of banking and financial apps. However, the use of JavaScript is limited to making web apps more interactive and creative. It also renders help in creating animations in HTML.
Compiled vs Interpreted
Java is a compiling language whereas JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language. These two languages run differently. While Java code is compiled into bytecode and run on Java Virtual Machine, whereas JavaScript is interpreted directly by a browser in the syntax in which the code has been written.
Key benefits of using Java
Java is a general-purpose programming language that is object-based and class-based. It is a high-level language that supports multi-threading. Java continues to deliver its prominent services in the field of software development. Major advantages that Java offers to the users include,
Platform-independent
One of the most important features of Java is that it is a platform-independent language. All Java programs can be compiled independently of the platform. The programs are compiled in the bytecode thus allowing the programs to run on any platform that has a JVM installed in it. You can use Java to create programs that can run across desktops, mobiles, and embedded systems.
Multi-Threading
Java is an object-oriented programming language that can perform several tasks at the same time. As it supports multi threading so Java has the capability to perform several tasks simultaneously.
Robust and Secure
Java offers a secured environment for the development of applications. It prevents the attack of viruses and keeps a check on the misuse of resources. It implements exception handling to remove errors and to reduce the risk of crashing.
Dynamic and Extensible
Java is a dynamic language. All the classes, objects, methods and libraries in Java are dynamically linked in Java. This extensible language supports various functions that are written in other languages such as C and C++.

WELCOME TO TECHIE WORLD

Foe students real world tools can be cost-prohibitive. GitHub has developed Students Developer Pack is created: to give students free access to the best developer tools in one place so they can learn by doing.

• 

Some of the platforms are:

• Digital Ocean
• Microsoft Azure
• Education Host
• New Relic
• Heroku
• netwise

GitHub

GitHub is a hosting service with many inbuilt features. It provides a Web based graphical interface . It also has a Colab feature which assures team work and also task management tools .It is free of cost for its services . These free available GitHub are commonly used for the purpose of open source projects. As of first there was an offer of unlimited private repositories to all plans but only with restriction to only three collaboration but with update it allows unlimited collaboration . It stands with name of largest host of source code in the world. I t can also be called as the software used for version control. It serves its best in Software development were the co-workers have to update the code simultaneously.

GitHub student developer offers freebies in various categories. The offers varies as to time limited and life time access. It provides cloud storage for source code, supports all popular programming languages, and streamlines the iteration process. Git is a command line tool. Git simplifies the process of working with other people and makes it easy to collaborate on projects.

The verbal or physical abuse or harassment of women in public places such as streets, public transit, parks, and other places where people gather, as well as making lewd gestures like winking, whistling, or staring is defined as eve teasing.

Haryana government recently conducted a survey on eve teasing which highlights that the maximum reports related to eve teasing occurs when females return or travel to schools, college and their respective workplace. However, a different study on eve-teasing suggests that only 10% of such cases are reported in the police station. The major reason of such less reporting is that our society doesn’t pay head to such incidents and ignore the victim by saying ‘they just touched or winked at you. What’s the harm in it? They didn’t commit any severe offences.’

But well they did and it’s high time that women as well as the society should be aware of the legal rights relating to eve-teasing so that innocent victims do not commit suicide or are murdered because as seen in various studies such incidents happen when harassment went unreported. 

WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES IN REGARD TO EVE TEASING

·       The apex court of India ‘the supreme court’ when dealing with Vishakha vs state of Rajasthan provided us with guidelines relating to the act amounting to sexual harassment which includes the following:-

1. Undesired sexually determined behavior, either directly or indirectly

2. any type of bodily contact or advances

3. any demand or request for sexual favors

4. statements that are sexually oriented

5. any sexually harassing physical, verbal, or nonverbal activity, such as showing pornography or making obscene jokes.

 Anyone who is experiencing such acts or witnessing someone who is suffering the above-mentioned rules amounting to sexual harassment can submit a complaint in the court or police station. 

·       Furthermore, eve teasing also includes stalking which means An individual’s repeated harassment or threatening behavior, such as following a person, showing up at their home or workplace, making harassing phone calls, leaving written messages or items, or vandalizing their property is now included in the Indian law under Section 354D of Indian penal code which provides imprisonment to the stalker up to 3 years. 

Hence, The persistent, unwelcome involvement of one person with another, for any reason, can be declared illegal and punishable if the behavior causes a person to fear violence or anguish, or disrupts their mental peace.

·       Indian penal code, 1860 provides few sections which deals with the protection of women’s dignity against the behavior that degrades women’s dignity.

SECTION 294 OF IPC

Under section 294 of ipc, If someone conducts any obscene activities in a public area, or sings, recites, or utters any indecent song or lyrics in a public place, or even a spot close to a social setting which annoys the other will be punished with imprisonment upto 3 months, fine or both  under this act. This section is not gender specific so anyone might be a victim or perpetrator. 

SECTION 509 OF IPC

this section is known as eve-teasing section which states that anybody who has the intent to insult a woman’s modesty by uttering any phrase, producing any sound, gesture, or displaying any object with the intent that such gesture or words are heard by the woman or intrudes upon her seclusion will  be penalised with a year in prison or a fine.

SECTION 292 OF IPC

Section 292 deals with the act of showing obscene or pornographic images, booklets to a female will be fined Rs. 2000 and sentenced to two years in prison. Furthermore, if the offender repeated this offence, he will be sentenced to up to five years in prison and a fine of Rs. 5000.

SECTION 354 OF IPC 

Under this section, If a person knowingly assaults or uses illegal force against a woman in order to offend her modesty, will be imprisoned minimum for 1 year but can extend up to 5 years and fine. The subparts of this section are as follows:-

§  SECTION 354A 

Sexual harassment is now an explicit offence under Section 354A of the Indian Penal Code, owing to the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013.

This act increased the imprisonment upto 3 years and fine and both of any offender who passes any derogatory remarks or makes obscene gestures towards a female thus, invading her privacy.

§  SECTION 354B

This section deals with disrobing which states that Any individual who uses unlawful force against a woman with the intent of disrobing her or forcing her to be naked is responsible under this provision. The punishment given to the offender will be minimum of 3 years but upto 7 years is acceptable. 

§  SECTION 354C

It deals with the act of voyeurism which simply means sexual fascination of watching other people participate in sexual behaviors such as undressing, sexual intercourse, or other actions that are normally considered private will be held liable minimum for 1 year but can extend to 3 years and fine. 

·       Moreover, Eve-teasing is deemed unconstitutional since it infringes on a person’s right to privacy by prying into his or her private life. thus, breaching fundamental right to life provided by our indian constitution

( Article 21)  because it undermines a woman’s dignity as well as her self-respect.

Thus, there is an urgent need to address this rapidly rising problem and it can only be done by realizing how dangerous and evil ‘eve teasing’ can be if it is not stopped at an early age and what ill effects it leaves on the person experiencing it. The society mainly females should be aware of the rights and liabilities relating to eve teasing so that they can stand up against it even if the society doesn’t support them and bring a change in this society. 

<

p class=”MsoNormal” style=”font-size: medium”> 

Earning is always important whether it is an adult or a teenage (in today’s scenario) want and need money to meet the day to day expenses. Financing your self by your own is the best thing you could do to your self. Due to the pandemic there are many people who gets unemployed and finding it difficult to meet their expenses , no one knows what is going to happened next so better find an accurate way of making money that will help to keep going during this hard time . Going out for a Job is difficult , but there are alot more ways you can make money without going out , yes by making money online you can easily meet your expenses . I know everybody now a days are well aware of work from home , but for that too you have to do alot of research to find the best for you , so for making it a little easier for you I had come up with some of the amazing ways of earning money in 2021 that too with zero investment .Here are the 7 Amazing you can make money online in 2021 .

1.Taking Surveys

You can earn money easily by taking surveys , there are many websites these days that pays you for taking survey . One of the best website I would suggest is “Rakuten” , this is really an amazing website where you can make money by taking surveys , this website is legit and its free you just have to get yourself register there with your email id and fill few details about you , make sure you fill the right details as on the basis of that you will be getting surveys ,this is it you just have to do this then you can get started with taking surveys and earning point on the basis of which you will be paid.

Rakuten :-https://member.insight.rakuten.co.in/

2. Selling Digital Products.

Yes you can make money by selling your digital products like Logos , Templates , Posters , fonts design , Digital Prints ,etc. If you are good in making these digital product than there is a good way for you to make money . There is a website “CREATIVE MARKET ” that provides you the space for your digital shop where you can sell your digital products . All you have to do is to register yourself on the website with your email id and need to get your digital shop approved by the website than it will be all yours you can put any digital product as per your will and get it sold at whatever price you want to is not it amazing.

Creative Market:-https://creativemarket.com/sell

3. Transcription.

You all are must aware of the work of Transcription , if you are not no worry I will tell in short well basically Transcription is converting the audio / video files into text , this is the work in which you will get paid for converting the files into text . For this work ,you need to be fluent in english both speaking and writing ,there are many websites that pays for converting the audio / video files into text , One that I would suggest is “Go Transcript” its is legit and one of the best website for transcription . For working here all you have to do is to get your self signed up in the website and had to pass a little test to get the work started .

Gotranscript:-https://gotranscript.com/transcription-jobs

4.Making Designs.

There is a great way of earning money by making designs, you can decide whatever design you want to make and just sell them . You must be wondering how you can earn money by making design and selling ,well there is way you can do so by getting yourself registered in the website called “Redbubble” . This is the website that gives you products to put your designs on then you will just get paid if your design got sold . You can decide whatever you want to design and put it on t-shirt , phone cases , bottles etc and when it get sold you will be paid .

Redbubble:-https://www.redbubble.com/about/selling

5.Making Video Course.

You all must have an idea about this ,with this pandemic every thing going digital , everybody is onto learning new skills online , which is a great opportunity for you all to earn money by making video courses on skills that is on demand and in which you are expertise at . There are so many platforms where you can make your video course and earn money , such as Youtube , Skill share , Udemy , wix etc . You can just make the video course and earn money online . I would suggest you to make video course on Skill share and Udemy , as you will get better result there.

Skill share:-https://www.skillshare.com/user/teachonskillshare

Udemy:-https://www.udemy.com/

6.Affilate Marketing .

This is something new and also has alot of money in it , let me first tell you what affilate marketing is if you are new to this word , well affilate marketing is selling the product of other brands , websites on your platform by recommending and giving them your link provided by the brand or website ,you will be getting paid on the basis of percentage which is pre decided by the brand itself on the sale made by you , the more people use your link to purchase the item the more money you will get as per the percentage on particular item , Well I would suggest you to do amazon affilate marketing .

Amazon affilate:-https://affiliate-program.amazon.in/

7. Online Tutor.

This pandemic had shifted the studies from academic to online platform , the work is the same obviously just the work jot changed . So if you want to make money by providing coaching and personal tutor the there is a great way you can do so by getting yourself registered on the websites like “Cambly “, “Scooli” , these website will provide you the platform to provide coaching online.

Cambly:-https://www.cambly.com/en/tutor/

Scooli:-https://www.skooli.com/register/tutor

Well I hope this will help , with these application you will be able to finance yourself for sure . Do comment down below which website you find interesting to work on among these.

Indian street foods are known worldwide for their taste, diversity and easy accessibility in various cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Bangalore to name a few. Few street dishes like kathi rolls, daulat ki chaat, chhole bhature and misal pav are quite famous. When it comes to street food, India tops the charts.

The biggest reason that we all loves to eat street food is that it’s way more economical or cheap than the food of Restaurants/Hotels. Street Food is very economical for the middle-class people and that’s why the major chunk of that class prefers street food the most.

Indian street food has a long history. On the streets of Delhi, you can visit kebab vendors who used to serve the Mughal kings. In Kolkata, you’ll find fusion street food that was created with British customers in mind during colonial times.

According to a 2007 study from the Food and Agriculture Organization, 2.5 billion people eat street food every day. A majority of middle-income consumers rely on the quick access and cheap service of street food for daily nutrition and job opportunities, especially in developing countries.

Cities which are popular for  Street Food in India

DELHI. Streets in Old Delhi are immensely popular for succulent kababs, greesy paranthas, crispy golgappas, syrupy jalebis, and lip-smacking chaat. …

KOLKATA. The City of Joy is known for tasty and surprisingly cheaper street food. …

LUCKNOW is famous for different types of jaben and Mughal dishes

MUMBAI – for vada pav , misal pav etc

AMRITSAR – lassi , chole bhature

HYDERABAD  – for birayani

AHMEDABAD – gujrati snacks like dhokla , patra ,etc

INDORE.

When it comes to mouth-watering varieties of street food in India, Kolkata is a winner. Beating Mumbai, Amritsar, Ahmedabad, and New Delhi, Kolkata has been deemed as the best destination for a staggering variety of street food, according to the survey ‘Taste of Travel’ mentioned in a report in The Times of India.

The fast food industry in India has evolved with the changing lifestyles of the young Indian population.[citation needed] The variety of gastronomic preferences across the regions, hereditary or acquired, has brought about different modules across the country.

Many of the traditional dishes have been adapted to suit the emerging fast food outlets. The basic adaptation is to decrease the processing and serving time. For example, the typical meal which called for being served by an ever-alert attendant is now offered as a Mini-Meal across the counter. In its traditional version, a plate or a banana leaf was first laid down on the floor or table. Several helpers then waited on the diner, doling out different dishes and refilling as they got over in the plate.

In the fast-food version, a plate already arranged with a variety of cooked vegetables and curries along with a fixed quantity of rice and Indian flatbreads is handed out across the counter against a prepaid coupon. The curries and breads vary depending on the region and local preferences. The higher priced ones may add a sweet to the combination. Refills are generally not offered.

It is common to serve different cuisines at different counters within the same premises. Presence of a large vegetarian population, who eschew non-vegetarian food, has given rise to outlets which exclusively serve vegetarian fast food. Also, different variety of food may be served depending on the times of the day. Beverages such coffee, tea, soft drinks and fruit juices may also be served in such outlets. Some outlets may additionally have specially designed counters for ice-cream, chaats etc.

Famous street food

• Chhole Bhature.
• momos
• spring rolls
• Bharwa Bhindi.
• Pindi Chana.
• Masala Chai.
• Samosa.
• Kulche.
• Panipuri/Golgappe/Phuchka. …
• Jalebi.

A Disaster can be generally defined as “A serious disruption in the society causing widespread material economic, social or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources”. Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human Physical, mental and social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruption and environmental degradation.

Two types of disaster. They are

✓Natural disaster

✓Man-made Disaster

NATURAL DISASTERS

A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth, examples include firestorms, duststorms, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, and other geologic processes.

Earthquake

A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth crust is called as earthquake. The movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, landslides, surface fault, etc., causes earthquake.

Effects

Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges and dams are damaged. Earthquake cause floods, tsunami, landslides, fires, break down of water supply and electrical lines. It may change the course of a river too.

Tsunami

When earthquake jolts the ocean floor, the sudden dislocation of the sea bed occurs and the resulting displacement of water can produce one or more huge, destructive waves, known collectively as a Tsunami. The sea waves rise to several meters and may reach the coast within a few minutes.

The word “Tsunami” is derived from the Japanese word. “Tsu” means harbour and “nami” means waves.

Effects

It causes flooding and disrupts transportation, power communication and water supply.

Flood

Sudden overflow of water in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.

Effects

✓Loss of life and property.

✓Displacement of people.

✓Spread of contagious diseases such as Cholera and Malaria etc.,

Cyclone

A low-pressure area which is encircled by high pressure wind is called a cyclone.

Effects

The main effects of tropical cyclone include heavy rain, strong wind, large storm surges near landfall and tornadoes.

MAN-MADE DISASTERS

Man-made disasters can include hazardous material spills, fires, groundwater contamination, transportation accidents, structure failures, mining accidents, explosions and acts of terrorism

Stampede

The term stampede is a sudden rush of a crowd of people, usually resulting in injuries and death from suffocation and trampling. It is believed that most major crowd disasters can be prevented by simple crowd management strategies. Human stampedes can be prevented by organization and traffic control, such as barriers, following queues and by avoiding mass gathering.

Fire

Fire is a disaster caused due to electrical short circuit, accidents in chemical factory, match and crackers factory.

Fire involves 3 basic aspects

✓Prevention

✓Detection

✓Extinguishing

JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU AND SECULARISM

PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU (1889-1964) was a freedom fighter and seasoned statesman of modern India. He was the architect of modern India, always yearned to build a secular nation.

Nehru regarded secularism as the basic law of Indian nationhood.

Nehru was an ardent champion of the Indian view of Secularism. In a multi-religious societylike India, Nehru defined a secular state that protects all religions but does not favour anyone at the expense of the other.

It does not adopt any religion as the state religion.

During the Independence movement of India, Nehru drafted the congress Resolution on fundamental Rights stated that the state should observe neutrality regarding all religions.

After the Independence of India when the Indian Constitution(1950) had been in force for over a decade, Nehru observed (1961) in an important speech:-

“ We have laid down in our Constitution that India is a secular state. That does not mean or irreligion. It means equal respect for all faiths and equal opportunities for those who profess any faith”.

Nehru did not conceive secularism as indifference to religion.

Nehru strongly condemned those forms of religion which sow the seeds of hatred between different religious communities.

Nehru used every single opportunity to express the danger of mixing religion and politics.

He visualized a secular state as one in which every individual had the full freedom to function according to his way either culturally or in matters of religion. It was Nehru’ a vision that shaped the Constitution of India in such a manner that it should provide for a secular state.

Nehru emphasized four different aspects of secularism :-

• In the first place, he insisted that secularism meant grant of equal status to all religions in India and opposed grant of special privileges to any religion.
• Second, Nehru’s Secularism implied the neutrality of the state in religious matters.
• Third, Nehru viewed secularism as a mental attitude on the part of various communities which could bring about harmony and feeling of fraternity towards one another.
• Concluding, Nehru’s concept of secularism implied the existence of a uniform civil code for the people of India.

Nehru was a secularist.  He disapproved both the Hindu communism as well as the Muslim communism.

Today’s the secular ethos for which Nehru strived hard through his life is facing a multi-prolonged challenge from the hydra headed communalism.

India is a country of rich culture where people of more than one religious culture live together. The culture of India is the oldest culture in the world around 5,000 years. Indian culture is considered the first and supreme culture of the world.

It is the country of the oldest civilizations in the world. The vital components of the Indian culture are good manners, etiquette, civilized communication, rituals, beliefs, values, etc. Even after the lifestyles of everyone have been modernized, Indian people have not changed their traditions and values. There is a common saying about India that “Unity in Diversity” means India is a diverse country where people of many religions live together peacefully with their own separate cultures. People of various religions differ in their language, food tradition, rituals, etc however they live with unity. 

The national language of India is Hindi however there are almost 22 official languages and 400 other languages are spoken daily in India in its various states and territories. According to history, India has been recognized as the birthplace of the religions like Hinduism and Buddhism.

People follow a variety of food cultures such as beaten rice, bread ole, banana chips, poha, potato papad, puffed rice, upma, dosa, idli, sugar, etc. Indian food is wide and includes a lot of variety. Each state of India has its own unique cuisine that reflects the culture and its tradition. Indian food is cooking using various methods, most of which preserve the nutrients contained in the fresh vegetables used.

India today is unfolding a story of a billion-plus people, or more precisely, one sixth of the world’s population, on a big move as India’s large and complex systems rapidly moving top-down and the country emerge as one of the fastest-growing economies of the world, India is probably the only country in the world where people belonging to different religions, castes and creeds, speaking different languages, having different cultures, different modes of living, different clothing, different feeding habits, worshiping different gods and deity live together in harmony and believe to be the children of one mother-MOTHER INDIA,