For the fact, actually for the average people youtube is enjoyable social platform where one can discover new artists, funny videos, and the cuttest puppy moment. fpr some people however youtube is also a place full of oppurtunity an area with an incomprehensible amount of audience reach. if you think like the latter we admire and relate to your perspective for your a marketer. while marketers understand that youtube is a frontier full of possiblities for their brand many also fear it, and we are here to help you tackle that fear. both an organic and a paid youtube presence are highly integral strategies for a marketer to adopt while aiming for overall brand growth.

youtube is the second largest search engine after google receiving traffic from almost one billion users a day. in fact the website generates more traffic than bing, yahoo. youtube also brings in over $4 billion each year in ad revenue, leaving users ample opportunity to make money with their videos. marketing through youtube creates credibility, authority, and delivers content that is more engaging to the viewer. there are many components that marketers must keep in mind in order to create quality content, and an overall positive youtube user experience. marketers must pay attention to the variety of components that go into marketing quality youtube content. marketers should be creating valuable, relevant videos that stay true to their brand.

It is the 2 nd largest search network, falling short only of its parents company. therefore being the 2 nd largest search network, this also means youtube is accessed an extensive amounts per day. you can only guess how important it is then for your brand to have some sort of presence on youtube. whether you solely have a channel where you upload videos highlighting your brand products, services, or you can also backup this organic presence with paid advertising efforts, youtube has become an important part of a companies marketing strategy.

while youtube remarketing can be used by most brands, big or small, it is a more affordable way to continue to nurture your audience on youtube. as a little refresher remarketing is a type of paid search campaign that allows you to re-reach. people who have visited and engaged with your website in any way with branded ads. you can not only retarget people who have watched your youtube videos or followed your youtube channel. its a great way to more affordably nurture brand awarness on youtube, it keep the competitors at bay, and push sales.

“The cinema has no boundary; it is a ribbon of dream.” – Orson Welles
Movies are one of the biggest parts of a person’s life, at least it is in mine. Despite of having school the next day or not, my parents always took me to the theatres for a late night show ever since I was 3. Just like me, many people have amazing memories connected to movie theatres. Other than emotional value, it also holds a large amount of economical value. In 2019 alone, global box office revenues hit an all-time high, totalling to $42 billion. On top of that, the consumption of movies is facing a constant rise in India. People have enough passion and love for films (like myself) and more than enough content to watch. Movie theatres have been a great source of income for a long time.
But, ever since the global coronavirus pandemic started, the film industry was one of the hardest hit. In India, nearly 10,000 cinema halls closed in March of 2020. The covid-19 crisis disrupted the entire chain, from production and distribution to consumption of content as the consumer’s confidence in physical ventures dwindled. But, while all this was happening, players in the over-the-top (OTT) space took to releasing new content on their platforms to increase the stickiness of their consumers.

What are OTT platforms and streaming apps?
Over the top platforms and streaming Apps is a streaming media service that provides users with a wide variety of multi-media creation. It offers content through broadcast, internet cable and satellite television platforms. With people’s changing lifestyles and increase use of smartphones with affordable internet services, OTT platforms are getting more popular.
Due to the pandemic and the closing down of cinema theatres due to the covid restrictions, OTT platforms and streaming apps have taken many steps to gain popularity and widen their base in India. Over the past year many streaming apps have launched and they have created content of varies genres. Many streaming apps offer shows and movies on local languages. They team up with local production companies and as a result, make their movies and web series.

But, are OTT platforms overtaking movie theatres?
To begin with, let us compare the two. Earlier people used to be eager to watch new movies on the big screen. They still are, but now, they are willing to wait until they are released on or purchased by the OTT platform. Many of the popular streaming apps such as Netflix and Amazon prime are now buying digital rights to the highest earning since more than ever.
Many of the producers choose to release their small budget films directly on OTT platforms releasing films with a low-budget and less familiar names on a big screen is difficult. Also, at times it gets hard to find a good release date for a film due to limited cinema screens in India. Thus, to cut the costs of printing and advertising, and avoiding the struggle of release dates, releasing them on streaming Apps seems better. Revenues from the theatre release of the film still form a large part of its earnings. But, now with films releasing on OTT platforms after their theatre release, it benefits them both. Producers can earn more revenue, and OTT platforms get more subscribers.
Now, due to the war between OTT platforms versus movie theatres there are a lot of challenges for movie theatres. To stay in the competition and fight against the OTT platforms, movie theatres need to keep offering some new elements to the viewers. Movie theatres need to focus on providing special effects content to the viewers such as IMAX, 4DX etc to attract the audience. They should also cut the prices of the food that is provided at these theatres (a person who can buy one medium bucket of cheese popcorn can also buy one month of Netflix subscription with the SAME AMOUNT) as viewers are getting more content on lower prices on OTT platforms.
Even though OTT platforms challenge movie theatres, it can never erase them from Indian entertainment industry. Movie theatres have been facing competition for a long time now in the past that all competitors have been the television, the VCR and also DVDs (CDs)- yet they still remain tall and strong and hold their position in the audience’s heart. Even though OTT platforms provide a lot of options and benefits, it is hard for them to take movie theatres place in India. Therefore as far as the future is concerned for movies and entertainment in India, it looks like OTT platforms and movie theatres can exist together.

Mangal Pandey was born on July 19,1827,in Nagwa village of upper Ballia district.
Mangal Pandey, the man who is often referred to as the first freedom fighter of India.
Mangal Pandey was one of the key figures of the 1857 war of Indian Independence who ignited the spark that 90 years from the Sepoy Mutiny gave India its independence.
New Delhi: That a country of 130 crore people lives freely might not appear to be anything extraordinary to Generation Z, but when they turn to their history books they realise that only 73 years ago this was not the case. Freedom did not come easy to India. It came with the sacrifices of thousands of freedom fighters in 1947 on August 15.  However, while there was a raging desire to break free from the colonial rule, not many in early British India were able to rebel against White supremacy openly.
In such a scenario, it was one braveheart who dared to rebel against the British – Mangal Pandey, the man who is often referred to as the first freedom fighter of India. Mangal Pandey’s legacy is such that it was also exhibited on Hindi cinema by actor Aamir Khan in his 2005 feature film by the same name.
The 1857 war of Indian Independence
In the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, three regiments of the Indian Army refused to use the ammunition of the Enfield Rifles and demanded that Bahadur Shah Zafar take over the emperor of India as the head of the rebel. Mangal Pandey was one of the key figures of this rebellion who was among the first to attack the British regiment.   Mangal Pandey was born on July 19, 1827 in Nagwa village of one Ballia district (present Uttar Pradesh) to father Diwakar Pandey and mother Abha Rani. Since he was very young, Mangal had a good physique, seeing which an employee of the East India Company advised him to join the army. So, at the age of 22 in 1849, Mangal Pandey joined the 34th Bengal Native Infantry regiment of the East India Company.
The British Raj had caused widespread unrest and discontentment among the people of India. The Hindu soldiers protested against the addition of Gurkha, Sikh and lower caste soldiers to their ranks. The use of animal grease on the cartridges of the newly introduced Enfield rifles further escalated the discontentment.  
On February 9, Mangal Pandey dared to refuse to use the cartridges with animal grease, causing the British to order his weapons and army uniform to be seized. On March 29, when Major Hewson proceeded to take away his rifle, Mangal killed him and escaped from there.
The British called its forces to capture Mangal Pandey, who knew he couldn’t be on the run for long. To avoid dying at the hands of the British, he shot himself. However, he survived the shot and unfortunately, was arrested by the British while injured.
On April 6, he was produced before a court that on April 18 sentenced him to death. But soon, many gathered in support of Mangal Pandey and a fearful British army hanged him to death 10 days in advance on April 8.
Mangal Pandey’s killing caused a rebellion across North India which gradually spread to the entire nation. The revolt of 1857 thus came to be known as the first war of Indian independence.  
Soon after, 90,000 more men joined the mutiny. Although they suffered major losses in Kanpur and Lucknow, the British retracted to the Sikh and Gurkha forces and could ward off the rebel army near Delhi. 
The 1857 Mutiny caused the British Parliament to pass an act to abolish the East India Company and India became a crown colony for the British to directly govern. Queen Victoria passed a policy of divide and rule, preventing the Indians to rebel against her.
However, Mangal Pandey ignited the spark that 90 years from the start of the Sepoy Mutiny gave India its independence.
Mangal Pandey was born on July 19,1827,in Nagwa village of upper Ballia district.
Mangal Pandey, the man who is often referred to as the first freedom fighter of India.
Mangal Pandey was one of the key figures of the 1857 war of Indian Independence who ignited the spark that 90 years from the Sepoy Mutiny gave India its independence.
New Delhi: That a country of 130 crore people lives freely might not appear to be anything extraordinary to Generation Z, but when they turn to their history books they realise that only 73 years ago this was not the case. Freedom did not come easy to India. It came with the sacrifices of thousands of freedom fighters in 1947 on August 15.  However, while there was a raging desire to break free from the colonial rule, not many in early British India were able to rebel against White supremacy openly.
In such a scenario, it was one braveheart who dared to rebel against the British – Mangal Pandey, the man who is often referred to as the first freedom fighter of India. Mangal Pandey’s legacy is such that it was also exhibited on Hindi cinema by actor Aamir Khan in his 2005 feature film by the same name.
The 1857 war of Indian Independence
In the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, three regiments of the Indian Army refused to use the ammunition of the Enfield Rifles and demanded that Bahadur Shah Zafar take over the emperor of India as the head of the rebel. Mangal Pandey was one of the key figures of this rebellion who was among the first to attack the British regiment.   Mangal Pandey was born on July 19, 1827 in Nagwa village of one Ballia district (present Uttar Pradesh) to father Diwakar Pandey and mother Abha Rani. Since he was very young, Mangal had a good physique, seeing which an employee of the East India Company advised him to join the army. So, at the age of 22 in 1849, Mangal Pandey joined the 34th Bengal Native Infantry regiment of the East India Company.
The British Raj had caused widespread unrest and discontentment among the people of India. The Hindu soldiers protested against the addition of Gurkha, Sikh and lower caste soldiers to their ranks. The use of animal grease on the cartridges of the newly introduced Enfield rifles further escalated the discontentment.  
On February 9, Mangal Pandey dared to refuse to use the cartridges with animal grease, causing the British to order his weapons and army uniform to be seized. On March 29, when Major Hewson proceeded to take away his rifle, Mangal killed him and escaped from there.
The British called its forces to capture Mangal Pandey, who knew he couldn’t be on the run for long. To avoid dying at the hands of the British, he shot himself. However, he survived the shot and unfortunately, was arrested by the British while injured.
On April 6, he was produced before a court that on April 18 sentenced him to death. But soon, many gathered in support of Mangal Pandey and a fearful British army hanged him to death 10 days in advance on April 8.
Mangal Pandey’s killing caused a rebellion across North India which gradually spread to the entire nation. The revolt of 1857 thus came to be known as the first war of Indian independence.  
Soon after, 90,000 more men joined the mutiny. Although they suffered major losses in Kanpur and Lucknow, the British retracted to the Sikh and Gurkha forces and could ward off the rebel army near Delhi. 
The 1857 Mutiny caused the British Parliament to pass an act to abolish the East India Company and India became a crown colony for the British to directly govern. Queen Victoria passed a policy of divide and rule, preventing the Indians to rebel against her.
However, Mangal Pandey ignited the spark that 90 years from the start of the Sepoy Mutiny gave India its independence.

Are you still afraid to face the Job interview or, you have been to many job interview but have not crack it yet because of few difficult question coming on you way ,that you find hard to answer ,than you are at the right article. Job interviews have always been a matter of stress for many people, as either they got nervous or had came across with few difficult questions such as Why should I hire you , Why do you want this job , Where do you see your self , etc which make them loss the interview .The reason why these question seems to be difficult to answer by many people is that there is not any accurate answer to these ,i.e the answer to these question mainly differ from person to person , so you have to formulate these as per the situation , and requirement.

Most of the time your HR expect you answer in a certain way when ask these question , and as it was way too difficult to predict exactly what the next person is expecting , you obviously can’t read someone’s mind but you can follow certain tips to answer in the best way . So here are the few tips to answer few common difficult question in the right way .

1.Tell me something about yourself

You must be wondering why did I choose this question as many of must have known , how to answer this one , well that might be true too , but trust me there is alot more you need to know as to how this question should be answer and avoid few common mistakes that you might be making. This question can either make your first impression go good or can end up messing ,so if you want to make a strong first impression do follow these 2 tips , if you have been following these well and good but if not that consider doin it .

• Do not prefer starting by saying “MY NAME IS …” as your name is already know it is there the first thing the HR have read , so why repeating it again instead say “As you already know my name ” and proceed with your qualification .
• Telling about the Hobbies well this is the main part as this tell alot about you , the answer to this question need to be framed in such a way that it connect with the job requirement indirectly you are applying for , such as if you are applying for the Graphic Designer post than do say my hobbies are doing sketches or art or something related with colors , in this way you can connect your answer with the post .

2. Where do you see yourself in next five years

You must have came across with this question and must find it a little difficult to answer . This question is generally ask to know whether the candidate have a long vision with the company or not , whether his/her goals matches up with the the company , or he / she is just taking this job as an alternative , so your answer should be in such a way that it gives them the assurity that your goals and the companies goals are on the same path and you had a long interest in the company . The 2 tips to formulate this answer to give assurity are .

• Firstly do a through research about the company and the vacancy you had applies for , as this will help you to draw an outline of your position in the company in the best way in the next five years.
• secondly try to break your plans , i.e , instead of saying directly you will be at this position in the next five years , say it by breaking your plans as such , in the next year I will be doing this good to the company , in the other 2 I will try to bring something new , or in the other two I will be at this position , so in this way try to break your plans this will give a good impression.

3. Why do you want this Job

Most of you must have came across with this question or if you have not you will be . Well this one requires your passion for the Job it need to be shown ,you need to be unique and clever enough to impress your HR with your answer . So here are the 2 tips to make you stand out with your answer .

• Make sure you frame this answer in points to describe why do you want this job and do try to tell them about the best thing in the company that attract you the most towards it .
• Get your skill set formulated in your answer in such a way that proves the benefit you could provide to the company , make sure your skill set do get matches up the company’s requirements .

4. Why should I hire you

Well this one can either help you to make your interview or may break it . This question has alot in it , as this gives the reason to your HR why do they prefer you out of the others and if you answer it in a way like , I should be hire because I am dedicated , or disciplined , or creative , or hardworking , etc than you are giving it a wrong shot . These are very common words used by all the peoples so what’s so new about you. The 2 tips that will help you to give this question the right shot are .

• Try to add that qualities in your answer that are required in the Job , the qualities that are written in the job description , the skill that were mention try to frame them in your answer . for example it as mention that “the candidate need to know all the programming in any software developer post “, so try to add all the programming language in your answer so that they know you know all of them pretty well .
• Always prefer to support your answer with some examples of your practical usage of skill in any event , competition , or at any place where you have practically used them , this will gives the surety to your HR that you genuinely had all the skill that are requires for that job.

5. What is you Salary expectation

Always kind of found this answer the most difficult to answer as you are not sure what to ask for as your pay scale ,what if that amount was higher than the normal range , that the company usually offer for that job , or what if you choose an amount that was less than the normal pay scale of the company .Don’t worry I have a solution for the the 2 tips that will help you to give this answer perfectly are .

• Do have a detailed research of the average pay scale of that post offered by the company since 3 year back so that you will get an idea about the increment they had in that pay scale in the past 3 year and also do prefer to research about the average pay scale of that post in the market also , so that you can come with with the right amount as per your worth .
• Don’t just tell them the exact amount (say $30k) instead come up with a certain range in which that amount lies so that you will get what you want ,decide that range in such a way so that they cant pay you less than what you want as per your worth (say $28k -$35k).

Well these are the few tips that might help you to formulate your answer to these difficult question that were commonly asked .Do comment down below which one you find the ” difficult one” to answer .

What is AI Robot?
AI Robots square measure the bogus agents acting within the real-world atmosphere.
Objective
Artificial Intelligence automaton is aimed toward manipulating the objects by perceiving, picking, moving, destroying it.

What is Robotics?
Robotics could be a branch of AI, that consists of various branches and application of robots.
Components of AI automaton
To buid AI automaton we want we want
a. Power offer
As AI robots square measure high-powered by batteries, alternative energy, hydraulic.
b. Actuators
We use this to convert energy into movement.
c. electrical motors (AC/DC)
We need this for the movement movement.
d. gas Air Muscles
As we will say that they contract nearly four-hundredth once the air is sucked in them.
e. Muscle Wires
Although, we’ve detected that it contract by five-hitter once an electrical current is well-versed them.
f. Piezo Motors and inaudible Motors
Basically, we have a tendency to use it for industrial robots.
g. Sensors
Generally, we have a tendency to use it in task atmosphere. because it provides info of period data.
How AI Robotic Vacuums Work?
There square measure those folks World Health Organization clean once per week, and there square measure those folks World Health Organization clean once the in-laws return to go to. The attractiveness of the robotic vacuum reaches each camps. Either way, the home is a touch additional speckless with marginal human input.
Today’s computing robotic vacuums square measure a so much cry from the primary models. that you simply had to trace down, stranded somewhere in your house, by their melancholy, “I’m out of power” beeping.

The latest product clean your house, keep in mind the layout to extend potency. Also, dump their own dirt in a very receptacle and realize their approach back to the charging station in order that they will rejoice
The distinction in automaton System and AI Programs
Here is that the distinction between computing vs Robot:
a. AI Programs
Usually, we have a tendency to use to work them in computer-simulated worlds.
Generally, Associate in Nursing input is given within the style of symbols and rules.
Basically, to work this we want general purpose computers.
b. Robots
Generally, we have a tendency to use robots to work within the real physical world.
Basically, inputs square measure given within the style of the analog signal within the style of the speech undulation.
Also, to work this, special hardware with sensors and effectors square measure required
Applications of computing AI
a. Industries
Generally, we have a tendency to use AI automaton in industries for numerous functions. like handling material, cutting, welding, color coating, drilling, polishing, etc.
b. Medicine
Generally, AI Robots square measure terribly useful. As they’re capable of concluding many clinical tests.
c. Exploration
Basically, for mountaineering, house exploration we have a tendency to use AI automaton.
d. amusement
For flick creating, Disney’s engineers have created many AI automaton.
So, this was all concerning computing automaton. Hope you prefer our clarification.

1.Heart disease:

Stress can directly increase heart rate and blood flow, and causes the release of cholesterol into the blood stream. It’s also possible that stress is related to other problems like an increased likelihood of smoking or obesity that indirectly increase the heart risks.

Doctors do know that sudden emotional stress can be a trigger for serious cardiac problems, including heart attacks. People who have chronic heart problems need to avoid acute stress and learn how to successfully manage life’s unavoidable stresses as much as they can.

2. Asthma:

Many studies have shown that stress can worsen asthma. Some evidence suggests that a parent’s chronic stress might even increase the risk of developing asthma in their children. One study looked at how parental stress affected the asthma rates of young children who were also exposed to air pollution or whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. The kids with stressed out parents had a substantially higher risk of developing asthma.

3. Obesity:

Excess fat in the belly seems to pose greater health risks than fat on the legs and unfortunately, that’s just where people with high stress seem to store it.

4. Diabetes: 

Stress can worsen diabetes in two ways. First, it increases the likelihood of bad behaviors, such as unhealthy eating and excessive drinking. Second, stress seems to raise the glucose levels of people with type 2 diabetes directly.

5. Headaches:

Stress is considered one of the most common triggers for headaches. Not just tension headaches, but migraines as well.

6. Depression and anxiety: 

It’s probably no surprise that chronic stress is connected with higher rates of depression and anxiety. One survey of recent studies found that people who had stress related to their jobs like demanding work had an 80% higher risk of developing depression within a few years than people with lower stress.

7. Stomach problems: 

In some people, stress slows down digestion, causing bloating, pain and constipation, while in others it speeds it up, causing diarrhoea and frequent trips to the loo. Some people lose their appetite completely. Stress can also worsen digestive conditions like stomach ulcers and irritable bowel syndrome.

8. Alzheimer’s disease: 

Stress might worsen Alzheimer’s disease, causing its brain damage to become more quickly. Some researchers speculate that reducing stress has the potential to slow down the progression of the disease.

9. Accelerated aging: 

Stress can cause wrinkles to form because high amounts of cortisol, the stress hormone, can break down the skin’s collagen and elastin. Research has found that chronic stress can increase inflammation, causing skin aging and accelerating the formation of wrinkles.

10. Premature death:

Stress and depression can take a dangerous toll on the health of people with heart problems. People who had high levels of both stress and depression were 48 percent more likely to die or have a heart attack during the study period, compared with the group that had low levels of stress and depression. 

A number of strategies can help to reduce stress levels and improve well-being. Some methods for managing stress include:

1.Understanding the signs and symptoms: 

These indications can vary, but if a person can recognize their own signals of stress, they will be better able to manage them.

2. Speaking to friends and family:

They can provide emotional support and the motivation to take action.

3. Identifying triggers:

It is not always possible to avoid triggers of stress. However, taking note of specific triggers can help a person to develop coping and management strategies, which may involve reducing exposure.

4. Exercising regularly:

Physical activity increases the body’s production of endorphins, which are chemicals that boost the mood and reduce stress. Exercise can involve walking, cycling, running, working out, or playing sports.

5. Trying mindfulness:

People who practice this form of meditation use breathing and thought techniques to create an awareness of their body and surroundings. Mindfulness can have a positive impact on stress, anxiety, and depression.

6. Improving sleep quality:

Getting too little sleep or sleep of poor quality can contribute to stress. Try to get at least 7 hours every night, and set regular times for going to sleep and waking up. Avoid caffeine, eating, and intense physical activity in the hours before bed.

It can also help to unwind before sleeping, by listening to music, reading a book, taking a warm bath, or meditating. 

Basically many people will think that evidence is nothing but proof supporting a claim or belief. but for public health interventions, evidence typically refers to the effectiveness of an intervention in achieiving an outcome that will create lasting changes in the health of the population. this evidence is usually published in scientific literature such as in professional journals, books or governament reports.

As a result many public health professionals have found other ways to describe or demonstrate the effectiveness of their interventions. the terms best practise, promising practise, exemplary practise, and model intervention are also used interchangebly with evidence in publiv health settings. this recommendations may be based on evidence that the intervention has been developed, implemented and evaluted according to behavioral science theories or models that have been successfull in creating changes in health related outcomes in other communities. it may seems obvious that there must be a legal concept of evidence that is distinguishable from the ordinary concept of evidence. after all there are in law many special rules on what can or cannot be introduced as evidence in the court, on how evidence is to be presented and the uses to which it may be put, on the strength or sufficiency of evidence proof and so forth. but the law remains silent on some crucial matters. in resolving the factual disputes before the court the jury or at a bench trail the judge has to relay on extra legal principles.

After many years agriculture has been referred to as an ageing profession with a majority of young people choosing it as the last opinion. at previous years many of the people were thinking a lot for choosing agriculture profession because the people in the society were thinking that if they choose agriculture profession many of them would not give us value and they may degrade us. this is the inner feeling of the people to do not choose the agriculture profession. but now a days if we ask the people in their formative years what they want to be when they growup and intial answers like doctors, engineers, pilots, will most definely float in the air. this begs the question is agriculture not a good profession especially given in the growing global population that needs to be fed?

Agriculture is not only important in the provision of the nutrients to man, but also plays a key role in landscapes restatement. growing up in farm are fascinated everyday basis made him realise he was cut out to be a farmer. some young professionals draw a completely different pictures. main challenge facing in agriculture field is farmers really dont know the value of themselves. they would love to be independent but there is no way out of the system

Always remember, if you have been diagnosed with PTSD, it is not a sign of weakness; rather, it is proof of your strength, because you have survived!.

People who have encountered or seen a traumatic incident such as a natural catastrophe, a major accident, a terrorist attack, war/combat, or rape, or who have been threatened with death, sexual assault, or significant injury, may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD affects approximately 3.5 percent of U.S. adults every year. Women are twice as likely as men to have the disorder problem. Latinos, African Americans and American Indians are disproportionately affected by the disease. It Is estimated that one in 11 people will be diagnosed with PTSD in their lifetime. People with this disorder have intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings related to their traumatic event that last long after the traumatic event has ended. People with PTSD may avoid situations or people that remind them of the traumatic experience. They may feel detached or estranged from other people. The symptoms include flashbacks, sadness, fear and anger. PTSD is a form of post-traumatic stress disorder. Symptoms can last for more than a month and cause significant distress or problems in daily functioning. Many individuals develop symptoms within three months of the trauma, but symptoms may persist for months and sometimes years. PTSD often occurs with depression, substance use, memory problems and other physical and mental health problems. 

Symptoms:-

1. Intrusion:- Repetitive, involuntary recollections; unpleasant nightmares; or flashbacks to the traumatic incident are examples of intrusive thoughts. People may have flashbacks that are so vivid that they believe they are reliving or witnessing the terrible event.
2. Alterations in arousal and reactivity:- Being impatient and having furious outbursts; acting recklessly or in a self-destructive manner; being too attentive of one’s surroundings in a suspicious manner; being easily startled; or having difficulty focusing or sleeping are all examples of arousal and reactive symptoms.
3. Alterations in cognition and mood:- A person who has suffered a traumatic experience is unable to remember or express the negative thoughts and feelings leading to ongoing and distorted beliefs about oneself or others (e.g., “I am bad,” “No one can be trusted” are symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder.
4. Avoidance:- Avoiding people, places, activities, items, and circumstances that may trigger painful memories is one way to prevent reminders of the traumatic experience. People may strive to forget or avoid recalling the unpleasant experience. They may be adamant about not discussing what occurred or how they feel about it.

Treatment:-

Not everyone who experiences trauma develops PTSD requires psychiatric treatment. The earlier a person gets treatment, the better chance of recovery. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be treatable and treatable with professional help.Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals use various effective (research-proven) methods to help people recover from PTSD. Both talk therapy and medication provide effective evidence-based treatments for PTSD. The most effective is cognitive behavior therapies (CBT), which is very effective.

1. Cognitive Processing Theory:- Focuses on altering unpleasant negative feelings (such as shame, guilt, and others) and beliefs (such as “I have failed”; “the world is unsafe”) that have arisen as a result of the trauma. Therapists assist the individual in confronting such upsetting memories and feelings.
2. Medication:- Can aid in the management of PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, the symptom alleviation that medicine offers helps many patients to participate in psychotherapy more successfully. The basic symptoms of PTSD are often treated with antidepressants. Other medicines may be used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients’ nightmares and sleep issues, as well as to reduce anxiety and physical agitation.
3. Stress Inoculation Therapy:- Attempts to provide the individual with the required copying abilities to effectively fight against stressful triggers by exposing them to lower amounts of stress, similar to how a vaccination prevents infection following exposure to a disease.
4. Prolonged Exposure Therapy:-Utilises safe, controlled exposures to symptom “triggers” or repeated, vivid imaginings of the trauma to help a person face and acquire control of anxiety and discomfort and learn to cope. Virtual reality programmes, for example, have been utilised to assist PTSD patients re-experience the battlefield in a safe and therapeutic way.
5. Group Therapy:- Invites survivors of comparable horrific situations to talk about their feelings and experiences in a safe, non-judgmental environment. Members of the group assist one another in realising that many others would have reacted in the same way and had the same feelings. Because the behaviour and discomfort of the individual with PTSD can influence the entire family, family counselling may be beneficial.Interpersonal, supportive, and psychodynamic treatments, for example, focus on the emotional and interpersonal elements of PTSD. These might be beneficial for those who don’t want to be reminded of their experiences.
6. Other treatments including complementary and alternative therapies:- Are also becoming more widely utilised to assist persons suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These methods of treatment are used outside of traditional mental health clinics and may involve less talking and disclosure than psychotherapy. Acupuncture and animal-assisted therapy are two examples.

STEM CELL RESEARCH

We all are in the era of major developments occurring around us in the field of scientific research. Research studies make it very convenient for us to understand and go through the minute details be it any disease or it’s treatment based on it; or if we want to know about certain causes of the disease such as a virus, bacteria, protozoa and many other microbes.

Now a days, many of us come across this word ‘stem cell’ either in science magazines or on internet in several journals. Stem cells are basically those special human cells that have the ability to develop into many different cell types. It is very surprising to know that it can range from muscle cells to brain cells. In some cases, they can also fix or heal the damaged tissues. Stem cells can also be considered as regenerative cells because of their ability to regenerate different tissues. The key properties of a stem cell were first defined by Ernest McCulloch and James Till at the University of Toronto in the early 1960s. They discovered the blood forming stem cell- the hematopoietic stem cell(HSC) through their pioneer work on a mice. Their research on mice paved different paths for other scientists to unleash this field. Scientists discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryos way back in 1981. The detailed study of the biology of mouse stem cells led to the discovery of the method to derive stem cells from human embryos and grow the cells in laboratory in the year 1998. Although it seems to be very recent but through all these discoveries on stem cells we have come a long way to know various techniques to store and preserve them for future purposes.

WHY ARE STEM CELLS IMPORTANT?

What sleep is to our brain, stem cells are to our body tissues. This maybe a little contradicting but the relation comes in a way that if we are stressed and tired, a good sleep can regenerate our energy similarly our torn and damaged tissues can be regenerated back by the stem cells.

Stem cells provide new cells for the body as it grows and replaces the specialized cells that are damaged or lost. They have two unique properties that enable them to do so: (i) they can divide over and over again to produce new cells. (ii) as they divide, they can change into other types of cells also that contribute to our body’s framework.

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Stem cells are useful in both research as well as therapy. For research- they help us to understand the basic biology of how living things work and what happens in different types of cell during disease. For therapy- they replace the lost or damaged cells of our body.

STEM CELL RESEARCH

Apart from the things that stem cells do to our body they can also be useful to study how cells become specialized for specific functions in the body, and what all mistakes in this process can lead to a disease. We grow tissues and organ structures from stem cells which can then be studied to find out how they function and how they get affected by different drugs.

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APPLICATIONS OF STEM CELLS

Adult stem cells are said to be multipotent which means that they have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and developing into multiple specialized cell types. These cells are currently being used to treat some conditions such as blood stem cells used to provide a source of healthy blood cells for people with some blood conditions like thalassemia, cancer who have lost their own blood stem cells during treatment; and skin stem cells can be used to generate new skin for people with serious burns.

Stem cells can also be used to generate new organs for their use in transplants. This can be done by replacing damaged organs with the healthy organs obtained from a donor. Although this process is quite a good alternative for people with organ failure but they may face a rejection from their body’s immune system considering the organ grafted to be a foreign substance.