Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India’s independence from British rule and in turn inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā , first applied to him in 1914 in South Africa, is now used throughout the world.

Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, western India, Gandhi trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, and was called to the bar at age 22 in June 1891. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, he moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. It was in South Africa that Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India. He set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women’s rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and above all for achieving swaraj or self-rule.

Also in 1921, Gandhi adopted the use of an Indian loincloth (short dhoti) and a shawl (in the winter) woven with yarn hand-spun on a traditional Indian spinning wheel (charkha) as a sign of identification with India’s rural poor. He also began to live modestly in a self-sufficient residential community, ate simple vegetarian food, and undertook long fasts as a means of self-purification and political protest. Bringing anti-colonial nationalism to the common Indians, Gandhi led them in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930 and in calling for the British to quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned many times and for many years in both South Africa and India.

Gandhi’s vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which demanded a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India. In August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, the Hindu-majority India and the Muslim-majority Pakistan. As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Eschewing the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to provide solace. In the months following, he undertook several hunger strikes to stop religious violence. The last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 when he was 78, also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan. Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating. Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest.

Gandhi’s birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Nonviolence. Gandhi is commonly, though not formally, considered the Father of the Nation in India and was commonly called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father,papa)

Mohandas Gandhi is one of the most famous leaders and champions for justice in the world. His principles and firm belief in non-violence have been followed by many other important civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nelson Mandela. His renown is such that he is mostly just referred to by the single name “Gandhi”.

Mohandas was born in Porbandar, India on October 2, 1869. He came from an upper class family and his father was a leader in the local community. As was tradition where he grew up, Mohandas’ parents arranged a marriage for him at the age of 13. Both the arranged marriage and the young age may seem strange to some of us, but it was the normal way of doing things where he grew up. Mohandas’ parents wanted him to become a barrister, which is a type of lawyer. As a result, when he was 19 years old Mohandas traveled to England where he studied law at the University College London. Three years later he returned to India and started his own law practice. Unfortunately, Mohandas’ law practice wasn’t successful, so he took a job with an Indian Law firm and moved to South Africa to work out of the South African law office. It was in South Africa where Gandhi would experience racial prejudice against Indians and would begin his work in civil rights

Once back in India, Gandhi led the fight for Indian independence from the British Empire. He organized several non-violent civil disobedience campaigns. During these campaigns, large groups of the Indian population would do things like refusing to work, sitting in the streets, boycotting the courts, and more. Each of these protests may seem small by themselves, but when most of the population does them at once, they can have an enormous impact. Gandhi was put in prison several times for organizing these protests. He would often fast (not eat) while he was in prison. The British government would eventually have to release him because the Indian people had grown to love Gandhi. The British were scared what would happen if they let him die. One of Gandhi’s most successful protests was called the Salt March. When Britain put a tax on salt, Gandhi decided to walk 241 miles to the sea in Dandi to make his own salt. Thousands of Indians joined him in his march. Gandhi also fought for civil rights and liberties among Indian people.

Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948. He was shot by a terrorist while attending a prayer meeting.

His birthday is a national holiday in India. It is also the International Day of Non-Violence. He was the 1930 Time Magazine Man of the Year. Gandhi wrote a lot. The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi have 50,000 pages! He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize five times

Introduction:

Your puppies become the spotlight of your house and earn the affection of you as soon as they are joined as your new family member. The training of your paw partner is a crucial part and it becomes a piece of cake when you start it at an early stage. Both puppies and kids replicate the same pace of learning in their formative years. Things to be looked after in the first place are the diet schedule and the places where it has to do its regular activities.

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A well-planned diet is a well-planned lifestyle:

Starting off with the diet schedule you must first identify some good puppy foods and feed them to your little paw partners and figure out the foods they like the most and the approximate quantity needed on a meal. Proper feeding times must be scheduled prior and food must be provided to them close to the scheduled times every day. This will make your little friends get adapted to the schedule owing to which they will have a healthy diet.

A play day is always a happy day:

A happy puppy is one that locomotes without any limitations. The place where you reside may or may not have such a comfortable option for the same. So it would be better for your pet playmates if you could train them with the places where they can play and where they must avoid moving in. A proper walk with them in the early mornings and evenings would make them healthier and give them a feel that they are not being confined to stay at one particular place all day. This will also help them to regularize their potty schedules. 

A friend by the side is the best place to reside:

Most people are growing a pet in their homes nowadays and your neighbors could be one among them. It is important for the little puppies to know that the pets in your neighborhood are also lovable, friendly as yours and it must not frighten them when they are close to each other. It would be as pretty as a painting if your little paw partner could get some peers at its playtime.

Cleanliness is the best care:

Maintaining a routine to bathe and cleaning your dogs will improve both the health of the dog and the persons living in your household. Initially, certain puppies will not be comfortable for a regular bathe. Playtime in the bathing schedule with their favorite bone toys and products which coils attract them with their flavorful scents will make the situation better. Cleaning of dogs’ ears and eyes must be done in a patient manner for which the puppies must co-operate. While cleaning its ears or eyes a gentle massage or any activity which could make the puppy stay calm must be done. Regular checking for infections must be done at the bathing schedule.

Understanding one is made by observing one:

The new little members of yours will be desperate to return the love you showed to them. It is the time when you teach them about various signs for alerting you, helping you out, and avoiding bitting your kids and other family members.. Make them observe the people who regularly visit the place and understand the difference between those visitors and strangers. Practice them with signs of communication and make sure they respond to those signs appropriately. In case if you have any kids in your house train your dogs not to hurt them by scratching with their nails.

Although the points addressed might seem challenging at the initial stages both you and your puppy will get adapted to it and the cute smile on your canine’s face will make it sound effortless for you.

News

• Russia accused Britain of spreading lies over a warship confrontation in the Black Sea.

Russia – Black Sea

• Russia – To project its power in the Mediterranean. • Black Sea – flashpoint between Russia and its
competitors.

• Russia – Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine in 2014.

• Western countries – reject Russia’s claim to the seas around it.

Black Sea

• A large inland sea – South-eastern extremity of Europe. • World’s largest meromictic basin – deep waters do not mix with the upper layers
of water that receive oxygen from the atmosphere.

• Over 90 percent of the deeper Black Sea volume is anoxic water.

• Transportation artery – Eastern European countries with world markets.

• Fish – widely utilized biological resource of the Black Sea.

• Conservation and antipollution measures:
 Banning of dolphin fishing
 Restrictions on oil tankers
 Disposal of industrial wastes.

• 1992, Istanbul – the Summit Declaration and the Bosphorus Statement.

• Formation of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).
 Countries – Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine.
• Aims:
 Fostering interaction and harmony among the Member States.
 Ensures peace, stability and prosperity.

According to the article, what I have understood is that it is not an easy task to shift office or to relocate offices. It requires careful planning and execution. It also involves giving prior notice to each individual working in the organisation about the premise’s relocation.

One needs to prepare a proper checklist which suggests us certain deadlines and guidelines, it says about how the organisation is communicating about it’s shifting premises, a proper role and responsibility should be given to the staff working about the duties one has to fulfull while the shifting is in process and should tell them to prepare for any inconviniences caused. The owner or the leaser should also be informed of moving or shifting and the fact that they will move or shift, should inform the date and the new address the premise is shifting to.

While shifting, there can be recklessness which needs to be minimized as if the required number of days to shift or the deadline to shift the organisation is passed by, it proves an expensive affair and waste  the time of it’s employees working.  At the new premise, the minimum basic requirement should be fulfilled such as WIFI connection, electricity, table, chairs, desks, etc. inorder to ensure smooth work flow in the new premise. It shouldn’t become a hindrance for slow working environment. One useful way is to divide the company’s staff into half where the other half stays at the ol premise for careful and proper shifting of all the equipments which are valuable to the organisation.

In general, it takes about 10-12 months to properly move into new premises and start their normal operations. The most important thing to keep in mind is to ensure that right people are selected to finish the job at the earliest. All of these work requires time and being hasty does not work. It might prove ineffective if there appears issues in the new premises or if the new premise turns out to be small in size or scale of operations increases. Therefore, a careful and long term planning is very essential in terms of scale of operations, size of the employees increasing, new departments increasing, etc. These are just some of the thoughts. Certain effective things to keep in mind would be to start planning as early as possible, label all boxes and all equipments for proper identification, appoint any moving manager to ensure that he/she focusses on the shifting process more smoothly and effectively, also, ensuring everything stays fit at the new premise is very essential. As far as it is possible, move non-significant things later on, first focus on the most essential stuff to be moved or relocated. Most of the time is saved by differentiating the office equipments into categories.

To end, shifting premises require more amount of time and planning and a speedy setup is essential in-order to reduce non-operating days in the office. Do share your thoughts on the same. It will be really appreciated. Thank you.

The Ultimate Office Moving Checklist and Timeline

Environmental issues became a huge national and global concern since the 1960s. The media has played a huge role in communicating the situation and through that we get to know about many issues which are taking place in today’s world. Climate change has been a very substantial security concern not because of its direct impact on floods and other natural disasters which can damage mankind and create havoc. The extreme effects of climate change are befalling on the small developing island states first. Small island countries in the pacific are always at the mercy of natural disasters such as tsunamis and cyclones. The effect of climate change on them is so grim that if ever a natural disaster struck them, the whole island could be washed out. The majority of the shares for the releasing of greenhouse gases belong to large countries such as China, the US, India, and Russia.

Environment refers to everything around us from the water bodies to the mountains. Today the most striking reason for the degradation and depletion of the environment is the deteriorating relationship between man and the environment. Everyone gives industrial expansion and technological development all the importance now and forgets that the
surroundings are actually what helps us survive. These actions which are being taken have been so extreme and fast that the rate of degradation has been super quick and widespread. Increasing industries and their expansion have led to the increase in the release of greenhouse gases such as CO 2 , NO x, SO x, CFC’s and other gases.

These usually are the main reasons for climate change. The gases released get trapped in the atmosphere which causes the warming of the planet also called global warming. Due to this phenomenon, there are observed changes in temperature in our globe. Climate change is observed drastically in places such as Greenland, Antarctica, Indonesia, and many more. In the polar zones, climate change has caused significant differences such as in the melting of ice caps and the thinning of the ice. It is our responsibility as responsible citizens of the world to save all our resources from depleting to make our future generations also be able to see the wonders of the world. Earth is our home and only together we can make it green again!

China’s coercive population(15) ie, about having a third child as announced by the Chinese government has become a cause of concern in India. India is supposed to learn from China’s failed attempt to follow the two child system policy more deligently and should implement good strategies for their citizens to follow.

China has been having a population which is getting well old-aged and in many other fast developing countries one can find these problems arising. It is raising cause of concern for China. India, following the policy has ensured that it has the best family planning measures. By educating the citizens in India, especially the women, birth control rate has increased and also, there has been a reduction in the child-marriage cases.

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• India can learn from China’ mistakes and can prevent population explosion and successfully implementing strategies to stop immensive demographic problems of finding jobs and empower women to educate their girl child more in-order to prevent them from increasing population and also, to be independent and more controlled over themselves.
• The fact that China has announced to have third girl child is something which India should not implement as demographically, India has more girls and boys who are of the working age group and it will stop them from earning more and to be on job, their responsibilities will be such that they will not be able to handle.
• The fact shown ie, the share of population being increased from 8% to 19% in 2050, is, in itself, a great cause of concern and it will not add any output to the Indian economy as they will not work, and will not create good output and increase GDP of the country.
• A revamped child policy planning measures should be given more importance and also, educated to all the couples as it will be helpful in preventing the population growth.
• India should also educate and invest on youth for their education and career as this can also be a good attempt on making them understand about this crisis and they are the very future of our country and it is through them that change will be impacted in India.

So, considering these factual statements and implementing them should be the very first step the Chinese Government should follow, as this will provide a lot of control of the population in the long run. Various other ways in which India can learn from China for controlling their population are as follows,

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1. Religion does not matter, it is always the amount of education both men and women have which ultimately makes them decide about their life.
2. In fast developing countries, one is not taking care of their age-old parents and they are forced to give birth to someone, who will take care of them. This should stop and be taken care of by our country and age-old parents should never be left in whichever state of their health they will be.
3. Always ensure of using birth-control devices and please do educate yourself after what you have seen on this link as to how to control our population and invest on youth.

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chinas-coercive-population-measures-serve-as-warning-for-india-experts/article34701448.ece (21) (147)

https://thewire.in/rights/india-china-population-control-policies-pfi-two-child (21) (147)

https://www.google.com/search?q=china+coercive+population&sxsrf=ALeKk00VGf82dBzMXKirymXObHt6jymDTQ%3A1624629718628&ei=1uHVYN73Jbfkz7sPoIGyCA&oq=china+coercive+pop&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMYADIFCCEQoAEyBQghEKABOgcIABBHELADOgQIIxAnOgcIABCxAxBDOgoIABCHAhCxAxAUOgQIABBDOgUIABCxAzoNCAAQhwIQsQMQyQMQFDoCCAA6BwgAEIcCEBQ6BAgAEAo6CAgAEBYQChAeOgYIABAWEB5KBAhBGABQ4gRY2R1gnydoAHADeACAAZMCiAHWDJIBBTUuOC4xmAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesgBCMABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz

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Entrepreneurs and startups are during a different situation. you’ll haven’t any owners besides yourself, your partners and a couple of investors. Your vision of a successful business undoubtedly includes everyone making money, but most entrepreneurs yearn for something quite just an honest bottom line. Once you recognize what you would like , believe the metrics you’ll use to live it. There are many financial standards you’ll use to live whether you are a successful business, so narrow it right down to a couple of relevant benchmarks. as an example , you’ll measure successful liquidity by what proportion cash you would like from the corporate to finance the opposite parts of your life. If control is your priority, comparing debt to earnings can show if you risk losing control to your creditors. The most important factor that involves my mind is customer service- According to a study by NewVoiceMedia, 51% of consumers won’t repeat business with a corporation after a nasty service experience. Other studies have shown that it takes several positive customer experiences to form up for one negative one. Second , necessary stratergy is keep updating business and concepts . The financial health of your business is summarized by the earnings report , the income projection, and therefore the record , which are contained within the financial section of the business plan. From there you’ll determine ways to form your business more profitable by increasing sales, reducing losses, or cutting expenses. If you would like your business to be more successful, you would like an idea for a way to urge there. On this factor the entire business is predicated , Making an idea . Entrepreneurs and startups are during a different situation. you’ll haven’t any owners besides yourself, your partners and a couple of investors. Your vision of a successful business undoubtedly includes everyone making money, but most entrepreneurs yearn for something quite just an honest bottom line. Once you recognize what you would like , believe the metrics you’ll use to live it. There are many financial standards you’ll use to live whether you are a successful business, so narrow it right down to a couple of relevant benchmarks. as an example , you’ll measure successful liquidity by what proportion cash you would like from the corporate to finance the opposite parts of your life. If control is your priority, comparing debt to earnings can show if you risk losing control to your creditors. The most important factor that involves my mind is customer service- According to a study by NewVoiceMedia, 51% of consumers won’t repeat business with a corporation after a nasty service experience. Other studies have shown that it takes several positive customer experiences to form up for one negative one. Second , necessary stratergy is keep updating business and concepts . The financial health of your business is summarized by the earnings report , the income projection, and therefore the record , which are contained within the financial section of the business plan. From there you’ll determine ways to form your business more profitable by increasing sales, reducing losses, or cutting expenses. If you would like your business to be more successful, you would like an idea for a way to urge there. On this factor the entire business is predicated , Making an idea . Setting goals and determining your direction aren’t enough. To become a successful business owner, you’ve got to see back regularly and see how you’re meeting whatever metrics you’ve set for your company. Any review process that works is sweet , goodbye as you apply it regularly. check out whether you’ve met your goals, and whether you’ve met them on time.

WHAT….?

The variant, Delta Plus is a sub lineage of the Delta Variant, first detected in India and has acquired the first spike protein mutation called K417N which is also found in the Beta variant first identified in South Africa.

HOW IT IS DIFFERENT ….?

The disease caused by this variant might exhibit different symptoms than the other viral mutations. The spike protein mutations make the Delta variant “the fastest and the fittest” variant.

IS IT MORE DEADLY….?

Delta variant fist identified in India and also known as B.1.617.2, carries a greater risk of hospitalization, is around 60% more transmissible than the Alpha strain and is more resistant to vaccines, particularly only when one dose has been given.

SYMPTOMS….?

• Headaches
• Sore throats
• Runny noses
• Fever

Although, according to WHO officials the Delta variant also causes more severe symptoms, but that more research is needed to confirm those conclusions. Still, there are signs that Delta strain could provoke different symptoms than other variants.

CAN YOU GET DELTA VARIANT IF YOU ARE VACCINATED….?

If one is fully vaccinated, particularly with the two-dose vaccine then he/she doesn’t have to worry about the Delta variant.

IS COVAXIN EFFECTIVE AGAINST DELTA VARIANT….?

Covaxin, Covishield are effective against Delta variant, says Health Secretary.

CAN ONE GET DELTA VARIANT IF ALREADY BEEN COVID POSITIVE….?

The research says people who have already had COVID should be protected against it, but that it’s not guaranteed. In addition, it is also said that researchers don’t know yet if it is more dangerous for young people. Both groups are advised to get vaccinated.

“Stay Safe, Get Vaccinated, Wear Mask Properly, Wash Your Hands Properly, Maintain Distance”.

Organisational leadership is a management technique in which leaders help set the
organisation’s strategic objectives while encouraging individuals within the group to carry out
tasks effectively in support of those goals. Effective Leadership is based on a strong
framework consisting of a specific mission, a vision for the future, a particular plan, and a
success-oriented community. Successful organisations are created by successful leaders. Let’s look at Elon Musk as an example

n Musk is the co-founder and CEO of Tesla Motors and is a leader who is passionate
about his work. He sets high expectations for his company, his team and also for himself too.
Musk follows an Authoritative Style of leadership. He has a bold, persistent personality that
will not accept failure. He’s also an organised person with inspirational ideas and intense
focus on his work. He is a leader who pushes people until they reach their full potential.
He possesses a lot of Leadership Qualities ans styles. Some of his qualities and traits include￾Leading with Purpose, Being comfortable with change, Operating with Integrity, Being a
continuous learner, Having a clear strategic vision and focusing on the big picture. He has
earned the trust of his employees and followers by being reliable in situations that are
uncertain.Elon musk is one such leader that works really hard to ensure the success of his
companies and claims that he often sleeps at his Tesla manufacturing plant because he
doesn’t have time to go home. His drive to work for long hours often means that he expects
his employees to do the same.
At his Tesla Cybertruck launch event Elon Musk had claimed that the glass of the car could
withstand a blow from a metal ball, but when his colleague hurled the ball at the truck, the
glass broke in a spider web pattern. However Musk didn’t get angry. In fact, he laughed off
the mistake and said, “Well, it didn’t t go through! Not bad.” This shows a softer side to his leadership style

Musk says “Failure is an option here. If things are not failing, you are not innovating
enough.”He took that as an opportunity to learn and innovative. Elon helps and encourages
his workers to step out of the conventional way of thinking to bring forward all their new
ideas even though they may fail. Thus in courage innovation. In any scenario, good leaders
are able to adapt and continue to drive forward towards the goals of their team. They
understand how to enable their teams to leverage their strengths to find solutions and
innovate, whatever comes their way

Today, at 39 years old, he is the founder and CEO of SpaceX, co-founder, CEO and product
architect of Tesla Motors. Tesla only being worth $414.65 Billion. He is the 39th wealthiest
person in the US with a Net worth of $93.3 Billion. Most of his outstanding qualities are his
belief in his own vision, his drive and his persistence, refusing to accept any obstacles in his path.

Twitter slams account of IT Minister Sir ‘Ravi Shankar Prasad’.

Recently there are multiple incidents happened in India that created conflict between Indian government and twitter itself.

News: – Twitter suspends account of Indian IT Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad for an Hour and gives her warning to not use copyright content.

History

It was all started with the suspension of account of lieutenant governor of jammu and kashmir when Twitter choose to show his first move by using the phrase we support free speech. And the overlooking of this instance make twitter think he has absolute control on his platform.

Incidents

1. Banning account of Lt. of Jammu & Kashmir.
2. Removal of Blue tick from the account of Vice-President of India.
3. Copyright warning to Home Minister Amit Shah on his own Profile picture.
4. And the latest suspension of account of Indian IT Minister.

Why Twitter is taking action only against Indian Government

Two theories have came on surface.

1. Ceo of Jack Dorsey’s Ideology is affecting twitter’s current decisions. As Jack said once in his interviews that his ideology is left lening, further continues that his ideology won’t affect Twitter but as we can see that it is affecting in the chain of command.
2. Taking a bulge against Indian government as showing their dissent against new IT rules.

Countries that slammed ‘Twitter’ in past.

There are multiple incidents happened in past but the most famous one’s are ban on twitter by Nigeria when twitter deletes a tweet of the President of Niger. Although they never said that that’s the official reason behind it. But it’s a open secret to everyone.

And the second famous incident of Permanent Ban of Twitter by China in 2009. Yes you heard it right twitter was not always ban in China, China claims that twitter was misused to create propoganda towards Uyighur Muslims.

What India can Do?

India is a democratic country we can not ban Twitter as a whole and it won’t be beneficial for India also as India is growing digital market and when Millions of Indian support a narrative it became reality.

Why India is not taking actions against twitter even Indian Liberals are asking it.

India is a member of Quad and already India is facing criticism with mishandling of Second Wave of covid-19. Indian government won’t want to be a subject of topic again for now may be.

So for now India can do these things :-

1. Heavy fine on Twitter for such misbehavior conduct, like EU did in Past.
2. Ban for a temporary time frame as we are reviewing the Twitter policies that is inclined towards ideology like Turkey.

It is nothing but state of industrial weakness or illness, that is the company fails to earn a reasonable profit. it is the continuos disportion in the debt equity ratio and falsification of the financial status of the industrial unit. it represents a stage where in the firm is not in a position to generate surplus on a regular basis and requires external credit, to survive in the market. when a unit is stick it shows signs of financial distress in the form of short term liquidity issues revenue and operating expenses.

CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL SICKNESS:

EXTERNAL CAUSES:

NON AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS: when the supply of raw materials are not available regularly or in a good quality, the industrial units are bound to be in trouble. this often occurs in case of supply of imported raw materials.

HIGH PRICES OF INPUTS: when the cost of manufacture are high and sales realisation are low, the industrial unit cannot stand in the market. this happens when the prices of inputs such as price of fuel such as petroleum during energy crisis goesup whereas the competative forces keep down the prices of the products.

GOVERNAMENT POLICY: excessive governament control and restrictions of capital utilization, location, product mix, product quality, prices e.t.c, comes in the way of smooth functioning of the firms and often result in sickness to the firm.

INTERNAL CAUSES

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS: these problems are generally faced by small units. often the financial base of the small units are very weak. they generally borrow from their own sources or bank rather than approaching market. generally they are unable to meet their debt obligations in time and these debts accumulate.

FACULTY PLANNNG: mistakes in the planning stage are a major cause of industrial sickness. choice of faculty location is one such mistake. in case the unit is located at a place where basic infrastructure facilities are not available serious problems can arise.

MISMANAGEMENT: faculty management decisions and actions are a common cause of sickness in the small scale sector. poor maintenence of plant and machinery, lack of quality control system, absence of inventory management are some examples of mismanagement.