Category: Tech

What is Software Testing ? Types of testing – Alpha, Beta, Acceptance

“Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding faults.”

Testing is an important aspect of the software development life cycle. It is basically the process of testing the newly developed software, prior to its actual use. The program is executed with desired input(s) and the output(s) is/are observed accordingly. The observed output(s) is/are compared with expected output(s). If both are same, then the
program is said to be correct as per specifications, otherwise there is something wrong somewhere in the program. Testing is a very expensive process and consumes one-third to one-half of the cost of a typical development project. It is largely a systematic process but partly intuitive too. Hence, good testing process entails much more than just executing a program a few times to see its correctness.

Testing is the process of demonstrating that errors are not present.

The purpose of testing is to show that a program performs its intended functions correctly.

Testing is the process of establishing confidence that a program does what it is supposed to do.

Customers may use the software in different and strange ways. Their involvement in testing may help to understand their minds and may force developers to make necessary changes in the software. These three terms are related to the customer’s involvement in testing with different meanings.

Alpha Testing

These terms are used when the software is developed as a product for anonymous customers. Therefore, acceptance testing is not possible. The alpha tests are conducted at the developer’s site by the customer. These tests are conducted in a controlled environment and may start when the formal testing process is near completion.

Beta Testing

The beta tests are conducted by potential customers at their sites. Unlike alpha testing, the developer is not present here. It is carried out in an uncontrolled real life environment by many potential customers. Customers are expected to report failures, if any, to the company. These failure reports are studied by the developers and appropriate changes
are made in the software. Beta tests have shown their advantages in the past and releasing a beta version of the software to the potential customer has become a common practice. The company gets the feedback of many potential customers without making any payment.

Acceptance Testing

This term is used when the software is developed for a specific customer. The customer is involved during acceptance testing. He/she may design adhoc test cases or well planned test cases and execute them to see the correctness of the software. This type of testing is called acceptance testing and may be carried out for a few weeks or months. The discovered errors are fixed and modified and then the software is delivered to the customer.

5 BEST ANDROID GAMES OF 2021

How do you like to chill out? Ya, I’m sure you wanna have that fun gaming life. Here are the names of the top 5 Android games of 2021 and everyone is excited to play:

Pokémon go:

Published by Niantic in collaboration with Nintendo and the Pokémon company, this augmented reality-based mobile app that lets you discover Pokémon in the real world. Who knows if a Pokémon is hiding behind you! You can grab the Pokémon by throwing a ball on it. It’s exactly how it happens in the Pokémon: the series. Just with access to your current location let’s GET UP AND GO!!

Among us:

 An online multiplayer developed by American game studio Inner sloth social deduction game where each player uncovers the hidden role of others.  Up to three players will be chosen as an imposter in a spaceship called “The Skeld” a headquarters building called “Mira HQ” a planet base called “The Airship”. If you are a crewmate you are supposed to find the imposter and complete the tasks. But if you are an imposter then you have to kill the crewmates.

Garena Free Fire:

Developed by 111 dots studio published by Garena is a quick free-to-play battle royale game consisting of 50 players falling from parachutes, landing on an island searching for weapons and utility items. Players must make sure that they fall away from the enemies.  All the player has to do is survive and conquer till the end. Apart from CoD and PUBG, Free Fire is the most optimized game to run on low-end smartphones.

Call of duty: 

A massive new combat experience of war and adventure, developed by TiMi studios. You can play Battle Royale or a Multiplayer game. Multiplayer mode is the basic first-person shooter, the game includes “Scorestreaks” which are special weapons that are available when the player reaches certain points. Battle royale mode features up to 100 players where you can choose to be in a squad or single. After you jump out of the plane the game begins, you will only have a knife with you, the zone begins to shrink so you have to kill other teams to survive. 

  • Clash of clans: An online multiplayer war game, developed by Supercell. The players are provided with a social network of live chat so it will be easy to connect with their team and form communities called clans, you can be the clan leader, train the troops to attack others to earn the resources. There are four resources called GOLD, ELIXIR, DARK ELIXIR, GEMS. All you have to do is to protect your castle and destroy others. These resources are also used to train and upgrade your troops and spells.

credits to the right owners of the images used

TIME TRAVEL: THE ART OF PLAYING WITH TIME

Time travel is the concept of movement between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space by an object or a person, typically with the use of a hypothetical device known as a time machine. Time travel is a widely recognized concept in philosophy and fiction, particularly science fiction. According to scientists time travel can be possible in recent years due to certain theories based on famous scientists.

Time travel.

HISTORY OF TIME TRAVEL

Some ancient myths depict a character skipping forward in time. In Hindu Mythology a king named kakudmi traveled to Time to meet Brahma and he was surprised when he saw time has passed when he returned to earth. The concept of universal time sphere was shown in the stories ages ago. In Jewish tradition, the 1st-century BC scholar Honi ha-M’agel is said to have fallen asleep and slept for seventy years. When waking up he returned home but found none of the people he knew, and no one believed his claims of who he was.

Time travel used to be thought of as just science fiction, but Einstein's general theory of relativity allows for the possibility that we could warp space-time so much that you could go off in a rocket and return before you set out.
      Stephen Hawking

SCIENCE FICTION IN TIME TRAVEL

Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens has early depictions of mystical time travel in both directions, as the protagonist, Ebenezer Scrooge, is transported to Christmases past and future. Other stories employ the same template, where a character naturally goes to sleep, and upon waking up finds themself in a different time. A clearer example of backward time travel is found in the popular 1861 book Paris avant les hommes (Paris before Men) by the French botanist and geologist Pierre Boitard, published posthumously.

TIME TRAVEL IN PHYSICS

Some theories, most notably special and general relativity, suggest that suitable geometries of spacetime or specific types of motion in space might allow time travel into the past and future if these geometries or motions were possible. Many in the scientific community believe that backward time travel is highly unlikely. Any theory that would allow time travel would introduce potential problems of causality. The classic example of a problem involving causality is the “grandfather paradox“: what if one were to go back in time and kill one’s own grandfather before one’s father was conceived? Some physicists, such as Novikov and Deutsch, suggested that these sorts of temporal paradoxes can be avoided through the Novikov self-consistency principle or a variation of the many-worlds interpretation with interacting worlds.

The art of time

GENERAL RELATIVITY

Time travel to the past is theoretically possible in certain general relativity spacetime geometries that permit traveling faster than the speed of light, such as cosmic strings, traversable wormholes, and Alcubierre drives.:33–130 The theory of general relativity does suggest a scientific basis for the possibility of backward time travel in certain unusual scenarios, although arguments from semiclassical gravity suggest that when quantum effects are incorporated into general relativity, these loopholes may be closed.These semiclassical arguments led Stephen Hawking to formulate the chronology protection conjecture, suggesting that the fundamental laws of nature prevent time travel,but physicists cannot come to a definite judgment on the issue without a theory of quantum gravity to join quantum mechanics and general relativity into a completely unified theory

QUANTUM PHYSICS

The Quantam Physics

THEORIES OF QUANTAM PHYSICS IN TIME TRAVEL

Coming up with a quantum version of time travel requires physicists to figure out the time evolution equations for density states in the presence of closed timelike curves (CTC). Two main routes has been taken in the application of self consistency in Quantam Physics.

Quantum physics theories

LLOYD’s PRESCRIPTION

Based on path Integral and post selection Seth Lloyds proposed a new Alternative. In particular, the path integral is over single-valued fields, leading to self-consistent histories. He assumed it is ill-defined to speak of the actual density state of the CTC itself, and we should only focus upon the density state outside the CTC. His proposal for the time evolution of the external density state

“People like us, who believe in physics, know that the distinction between past, present and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion.” – Albert Einstein.

Sanskrit.

Sanskrit is a standardized dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit as early as 1700-1200 BCE. One of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial documentation exists, Sanskrit is believed to have been the general language of the greater Indian Subcontinent in ancient times.

Sanskrit ; attributively संस्कृत-, saṃskṛta-; nominaly संस्कृतम्, saṃskṛtam, is a classical language of South Asia belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting impact on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies.

Sanskrit generally connotes several Old Indo-Aryan varieties. The most archaic of these is Vedic Sanskrit found in the Rig Veda, a collection of 1,028 hymns composed between 1500 BCE and 1200 BCE by Indo-Aryan tribes migrating east from what today is Afghanistan across northern Pakistan and into northern India. Vedic Sanskrit interacted with the preexisting ancient languages of the subcontinent, absorbing names of newly encountered plants and animals; in addition, the ancient Dravidian languages influenced Sanskrit’s phonology and syntax. “Sanskrit” can also more narrowly refer to Classical Sanskrit, a refined and standardized grammatical form that emerged in the mid-1st millennium BCE and was codified in the most comprehensive of ancient grammars, the Aṣṭādhyāyī (“Eight chapters”) of Pāṇini.The greatest dramatist in Sanskrit, Kālidāsa, wrote in classical Sanskrit, and the foundations of modern arithmetic were first described in classical Sanskrit. The two major Sanskrit epics, the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa, however, were composed in a range of oral storytelling registers called Epic Sanskrit which was used in northern India between 400 BCE and 300 CE, and roughly contemporary with classical Sanskrit. In the following centuries, Sanskrit became tradition-bound, stopped being learned as a first language, and ultimately stopped developing as a living language.

AMBITION

“The starting point of all achievement is desire.” —Napoleon Hill

One needs to aim for the sky, to achieve as much as a mountain in the bargain Success in life comes only to those who are ready to work hard for the same. The key to success is to have an aim in life and the earlier you attain this aim, the better.

In spite of all the new options in today’s times, there are those age-old professions that are a favourite with most of the youngsters all the time. These include, the profession of a doctor, an engineer and that of a teacher or an advocate. I too, wanted to be part of one of these noble professions. If my memory proves me right, I always wanted to be a teacher. What is exciting about teaching is that this is one of the few professions where you are actually dealing with living beings. To make a difference to a child’s life or to positively influence a child in such a way as to bring about good change, is a great achievement in itself. Somewhere, along the path, we are also the product of the reinforcements made by our parents and teachers, one way or the other.

However, even our Puranas reinstate that the teacher or the guru’ comes above God. The reason being that teacher is the person who shows you the way to God, or teaches you, what God is all about. So, if the enlightenment of God and the things around you comes from one particular force, then that is the person to be revered, first.

The responsibility being immense, it’s not an easy job either. If the young minds have to look forward to you as a source of knowledge, then you need to be one. With the quantum of knowledge increasing day by day, it’s a difficult task to keep abreast of the upcoming information. Apart from all this, what is more important in this profession is whole hearted dedication and willingness to work beyond the restrictions of time and assigned duties.

With all this view in mind, I would like to pursue my ambition to be a teacher. It’s anyhow of least importance to assert which subject I would specialize in because subject is not as important, as to know, how to effectively teach it. Be it Maths. English or Science, to develop a flair and love for the subject is a teacher’ s greatest challenge. A bad teacher can always generate an aversion towards the subject in the minds of the children, just by not giving the subject a proper treatment. My ultimate aim would be to be such a teacher who would make a difference in the lives of young minds and bring about their overall development.

Addiction to Gadgets

Technology and gadgets are now indispensable in our daily lives. In the past few years carrying a miniature computer (a smart phone) in a pocket has become commonplace. Technology helps advance the human race forward and makes doing mundane things more efficient and repeatable. Technology has helped create the information revolution.
With technological advances, devices have evolved to be so powerful and smart that it feels like having a super-computer on one’s hands. Humans now have an insatiable appetite for information at their fingertips. When technology makes this happen, the natural tendency is for this to become an expectation. 
Life Without Gadgets:
■People born before the 1980’s would very well relate to life before the information age, when people had no access to internet or personal gadgets.  Let’s briefly walk down the memory lane to relive those moments — a life without gadgets.
■Children played together outdoor — they had a lot of physical activity.
■People talked to each other more often, and verbal communication face-face was at its peak.
■Chat jargon did not exist and people knew their spellings well, as they read more books.
■People enjoyed spending more time outdoors with family and friends.
■It was commonplace to get the news from newspaper or radio.
■Entertainment came from playing board games, playing sports, going to the movies, watching VHS tapes, etc.
■Writers often used either a type-writer or a word processor on their computer.
■Computers were expensive and bulky.
■Doing research was hard; frequent visits to the library or scouring through plethora of papers, books, etc. were necessary.
■Communication was slow.
Life With Gadgets:
Gadgets equipped with internet have transformed our lives in several ways and brought about a paradigm shift in our dependence on technology to perform key tasks in our everyday routine. To highlight a few:
■Enormous amount of information at our fingertips
■Use Google Maps to get directions, watch YouTube videos to learn to cook, sing, draw, learn science, etc.
■Health monitoring apps on the cell phone that would remind people to walk, run, bike, check BP periodically, etc.
■Capability to share daily life or special events instantly with thousands of people and see reaction in a matter of minutes, if not seconds
■Expedited research with access to information galore
■Ability to watch videos on demand from anywhere (Netflix, Amazon, etc.)
■Ability to read e-books online on demand — no more visits to library needed
■Use of mobile phones, tablets as pacifiers for kids
■Improved speed of communication by orders of magnitude leading to faster decision-making
■Existence of mobile apps for entertainment, social interaction through digital media, paying bills, accessing bank accounts, etc.
Effects of Gadget Addiction:
While the business model of the top few app companies hinges on people spending more time with their gadgets every day, we need to recognize that the most important fallout of this induced behavior would be the rising epidemic of gadget addiction. A sense of urge to use the phone or any other gadget when bored or idle equates to addiction. Gadget addiction doesn’t discriminate who is affected, it affects all age groups and people of all races. The effects range from mental, physical, emotional to even threatening our democracy.
Mental and Emotional Health:
Dopamine is a neurochemical that largely controls the pleasure and reward centers of the brain. High levels of dopamine are usually associated with motivation and excitement to fulfil goals that would lead to recognized rewards and thus reinforcement of a sense of pleasure while achieving those goals. Procrastination, lack of enthusiasm and self-confidence, and boredom are linked to low levels of dopamine.
Research has shown that the brain gets “rewired” as excessive amounts of dopamine get released in the body on frequent interaction with a rewarding stimulus, i.e., using a smartphone app like Facebook. Boredom triggers an interaction with the rewarding stimulus (Facebook app), which in turn results in wide variety of rewards in the form of likes, messages, photos, etc. causing high releases of dopamine in the body. Frequent cycles such as these cause the brain’s receptors to become more insensitive to dopamine, causing the body to experience less pleasure than before for the same natural reward. This leads the person down a spiral, where one has increased craving for the same reward to achieve normal levels of pleasure. If the increased craving cannot be satisfied, it would lead to anxiety, lack of motivation and depression. Gadget addiction is likened to addiction to alcohol or drugs since it results in similar negative consequences.
Studieshave shown that children’s cognitive and emotional development can be adversely impacted by internet/gadget addiction. More screen time means more virtual interactions and rewards through social media (shares, likes) and less face time. Less face-to-face interaction with other people results in lack of empathy for fellow human beings.
Physical Health:
Today’s children are immersed in technology right from a very young age. With more than half the schools in the US using smart devices as teaching tools in class, coupled with at-home smart device usage, the total screen exposure time of students in the age group 8-18 has exceeded ten hours a day. There are obvious benefits to being exposed to technology right from a very young age, i.e., development of skills needed to be successful in technology-related areas in a future career. However, on the downside, there could be lack of development of social behavioral skills and high risk of obesity due to limited physical activity.
As one would also expect, one of the biggest health risks of excessive smart device usage is vision-related. The National Eye Institute has found that the frequency of myopia (near-sightedness) has increased exponentially in Americans over the last few decades. The other effect on eyes was reduced blink rate leading to higher incidence of dry eye symptoms.  Based on these findings, the American Academy of Pediatricshas revised recommendations for limiting screen time for kids at different ages.
Listening to loud music through earbuds has detrimental effects on hearing ability  The National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disordersreports that about 15% of Americans between the ages of 20-69 have a reduced capability to hear high frequency sounds due to exposure to loud sounds. Other negative effects on physical health from excessive gadget usage include lack of sleep and increased weight on the spine as the head tilt increases to view the screen.
As we see the rise of ill effects of long term gadget use, rising health concerns amidst this drive to seek mindshare, finite attention of the same consumers there are groups of individuals who are now speaking up and taking a stand. These groups are investors, ex-employees of these companies and consumer groups. Starting 2018 these voices have amplified and there is a call for action and change is imminent.

Social Media

Social media is a big tool and has a huge impact on individuals and their lives. While some impacts can be positive, social media has been shown to negatively affect things like our moods and stress levels. Addiction is caused by social media too. With access to it anytime of day on our phones, it’s easy to fall into the bad habit of checking it everywhere – during a meal, in class when a professor is talking, or even in bed when it’s time to sleep!

Genrally what we consume daily is what we become eventually many people get confuse in their life because they are not ableto enjoy their life as they are comparing their luife with life of someone they haver followed virtually,

social media create fake scenarios among young individual, only some percent of people use it wisely other just get depressed by seeing other persons life.

Social media has been a part of our lifestyle since last few years but eventually it is more disturbing now, social media was created to share information’s, to communicate with people, to make friends but now its idea has been changed widely its used for posting pictures, posting about how they buy new car its a whole show off business this can adversely affect young minds i think their should be some age restriction regarding use of social media

AT last I would say, Blaming someone or some users wont help well who are users they are people like us scrolling Instagram or Facebook hours by hours and wasting their time, i think we have power to use it in positive way just wasting time wont help

Think wisely !!

Tales of younger inspiration leads the roads to newer innovation

Modern world has opened the doors for newer technologies. Every day, people bring new ideas to transform the way of thinking and doing things. Stories from all over the world from different fields influence many to pursue with their field of interest. There are several successful women in many fields in India also; they become true inspiration to all the young dreamers. Moreover, this pandemic have also taught us to be more skillful to achieve success and continuous growth in our lives.

One of the inspiring stories that have made young girls believe in their dreams is that of P.V. Sindhu. She started playing Badminton at the age of 8 and made her international debut when she was 17 yrs old. After tremendous hard work and with constant learning she became the World’s 6th Ranking Women in Single Badminton. This dedication and her constant efforts are real inspiration for the women out there who believe on themselves.

Image: Sports24

Likewise, Sharanya a 24 yr old young junior doctor who treated the victims of the Kozhikode Plan Crash. After working for 1 year at Kozhikode General Hospital,she quits to start preparing for her NEET exams. On one of the fateful night, when the hospital needed all hands on deck, she jumped into help without a second thought.

12 year old Haaziq from Pune came up with ingenious innovation- Ervis – which is a prototype ocean cleaner ship that can suck out plastic from the surface of the ocean. The picture of a young whale that died of intestinal blockage after consuming huge amount of plastic is what made this 12 year old to wage war against plastic. His novel idea received global attention and he got a chance to present this idea before audience through TED-X club.

India is one of the countries having most number of youths; the need is to give them a proper direction to think and to bring a change. Engagement of young people at local, national and global levels is impacting lives. The more they explore the more idea they collect. At this stage of confusion and uncertainty youths from different part of India are setting examples for others. No talent should be wasted, because they are capable of much more. But due to societal pressure and constant discouragements they often confused to choose their field of interests.

Image: Rightful Owner

The 22 year old a Haimanti founder of the NGO Junoon, is the inspiration for people who want to bring a change in the field of education especially for underprivileged children. Since May 2018, she has been on a mission to equip them with necessary skills along with education that will enable her to enroll them in a regular school under the Right to Education Act.

There are several more tales of young minds whose acts inspire us to work towards innovative methodologies. A young regular college student from Palakkad district, Shahinsa belongs to an agrarian family from the Panamanna village have deep passion for farming and finds the time to grow crops using modern technology in the fields.

Sriya Donepudi (15), a school going girl from Khajaguda started an initiative to recycle used flowers after social functions. She collected discarded flowers from various events and with the help of women from economically weaker sections they made soaps, paper-weights and other items from floral waste. According to The New Indian Express, this initiative made her bag The Diana Awards of 2020.

In the year 2017, Malhar and his friends collected the garbage thrown by visitors at Dadar Beach. Earlier, they started it as a weekend activity that gradually turned into a fully fledged cleanup movement engaging over 20,000 Mumbaikers. Collectively they have gathered 1000 tonnes of waste including plastics, stale food and religious offerings that had been cleared from the beach side. His efforts for this cleaning drive recognized globally when United Nations felicitated him on the International Volunteer Day.

Most of Indian startup and innovation landscape provide opportunity to young inventors to bloom. Their keen observations combined with deep sense of strategic ideas helps them in dealing with various problematic situations in the field of technology. These tales not only made us proud but also inspire us to build a new India with innovative thoughts.

Image : Shutterstock

Each of us is great in our own fashion. Even a tiny story of inspiration can influence thousands of youngsters to pursue their dream; each act can impact the world.  Every one of us has that hidden power, the requirement is to have faith and continue our work with relentless efforts. These tiny tales of youths inspires many to pursue their dream . This pandemic is really tough and a challenging time for all the innovators but if you’re passionate enough to achieve your goal, you should continue with perseverance and patience.

Water

Water is the basic needs of the individual for the Survival. Some of the things like oxygen, water, food are very essential for the individual to live. After the oxygen, water is very much important for the individual survival and for the whole environment as well. Water is used in the daily basis for many of the activities like drinking, cleaning, watering, and also for some of the electric purposes etc.

There are plenty of water in the seas but there is no use of them. Because, all the seawater are salty and not food for drinking purpose. They can be made for drinking by some of the beautification methods which takes lots of processes and also the time. Scarcity of the water is not only the India’s problem but also the global problem.

If the wasteage of water is continued in the same way, there will be a day where no water can be found for drinking purposes and for some of the utility purposes. Most of the people waste water without any need. Using water for the purposes are all good but Wasting the water without any reason is a bad habit that an individual must not develop. It is very easy to waste water rather than saving the drop.

The main sources of water are surface water, ground water and rain water.

Importance of water :

Water is very important to the human body. Every one of your cells,organs and tissues use water to help with temperature regulation, keeping hydrated and maintaining bodily functions. In addition, water acts as a lubricant and cushions your joints. Driniking water is great for your overall health. Because your body loses water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it’s important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water.

Water delivers important nutrients to all of our cells,especially muscle cells, postponing muscle fatigue. Water helps weight loss. Water helps you feel full longer,without adding any additional calories.

Benefits of Drinking water :

* Increases Energy & Relieves Fatigue. Since your brain is mostly water, drinking it helps you think, focus and concentrate better and be more alert.

* promotes weight loss.

* Flushes out Toxins.

* Improves skin complexion

* Maintains Regularity.

Best source of water :

1. Watermelon – water content : 92%

2. Strawberries – water content : 91%

3.cantaloupe – water content : 90%

4.peaches – water content : 89%

5.oranges – water content : 88%

6. Skim Milk – water content : 91%

7. Cucumber – water content : 95%

8. Lettuce – water content : 96%

9. Broths and soups – water content : 92%

10. Zucchini – water content : 94%

11. Celery – water content : 95%

12. Plain yogurt – water content: 88%

13. Tomatoes – water content : 94%

14. Bell peppers – water content : 92%

15.cauliflower – water content : 92%

16. Cabbage – water content : 92%

17. Grape fruit – water content : 88%

18. Coconut water- water content : 95%

19. Cottage cheese – water content: 80%

Disadvantages of water :

It is said that too much consumption of water can lead to fluid overload in the body and imbalance in the body. Excess water can lead it lower sodium levels in the body, which may further lead to nause, vomthing, cramps, fatigue. This condition is known as hyponatremia.

The best method to save water is to use in limited amounts. That is, to limit the water without wasting much water.

Viruses and its Classification

A computer virus is a piece of software that can “infect” other programs by modifying them; The modification includes injecting the original program with routine to make copies of the virus program, which can then go on to infect other programs. A virus can be prepended or postpended to an executable program, or it can be embedded in some other fashion. The key to its operation is that the infected program, when invoked, will first execute the virus code and then execute the original code of the program.

Viruses classified along two orthogonal axes: the type of target the virus tries to infect and the method the virus uses to conceal itself from detection by users and antivirus software.

A virus classification by target includes the following categories:

  1. Boot sector infector:
     Infects a master boot record or boot record and spreads when a system is booted from the disk containing the virus.
  2. File infector:
     Infects files that the operating system or shell consider to be executable.
  3. Macro virus:
     Infects files with macro code that is interpreted by an application.

A virus classification by concealment strategy includes the following categories:

  1. Encrypted virus:
     A portion of the virus creates a random encryption key and encrypts the remainder of the virus. The key is stored with the virus. When an infected program is invoked, the virus uses the stored random key to decrypt the virus.
     When the virus replicates, a different random key is selected..
  2. Stealth virus:
     A form of virus explicitly designed to hide itself from detection by antivirus software. Thus, the entire virus, not just a payload is hidden.
  3. Polymorphic virus:
     A virus that mutates with every infection, making detection by the “signature” of the virus impossible.
  4. Metamorphic virus:
     As with a polymorphic virus, a metamorphic virus mutates with every infection.

Virus countermeasures

  • The ideal solution to the threat of viruses is prevention: Do not allow a virus to get into the system in the first place, or block the ability of a virus to modify any files containing executable code or macros.
  • This goal is, in general, impossible to achieve, although prevention
    can reduce the number of successful viral attacks.
  • The next best approach is to be able to do the following :
  • Detection : Once the infection has occurred, determine that it has occurred and locate the virus.
  • Identification : Once detection has been achieved, identify the specific virus that has infected a program.
  • Removal : Once the specific virus has been identified, remove all traces of the virus from the infected program and restore it to its original state. Remove the virus from all infected systems so that the virus cannot spread further.

Everything We Know About 2021 iPhones!

Apple launches new series of smartphones every year and in a couple of months, Apple is going to launch a brand-new series of iPhones that by far known as the iPhone 13. But we can’t trust the naming process as after iPhone 8 we directly got the iPhone X series. Also, there are rumors that they will launch the new series as iPhone 12s but more chances are for the name iPhone 13. Well, this we’ll get to know at the time of the launch event.

Coming back to the point, like previous year this year also Apple will launch four iPhones; the budget ones namely iPhone 13mini and iPhone 13, and the pro models namely iPhone 13 Pro and iPhone 13 Pro Max. Although Apple didn’t get much profit from the iPhone 12mini the previous year, they are willing to launch the iPhone 13mini anyway. Talking about the launch date, if everything goes well Apple will launch the new series of iPhones by the 14th of September.

What changes Apple is going to make in its upcoming iPhone series?

Any major design changes are not expected as Apple has done a major design change the previous year. According to Analysts, rumors, and leaks, we can expect camera improvements, a smaller notch, a faster processor (A15), an improved 5G chip, and increased battery life. Apple is also expected to introduce 120Hz rates for the Pro models. This year also, Apple will not replace the lightning port with a USB-C port. 

According to the Japanese site Mac Otakara, iPhone 13 models will be the same size as the iPhone 12 models, but the thickness will increase by 0.26mm. The iPhone 13 models will be slightly heavy than the iPhone 12 models because of the battery improvement.  Also, we’ll see a diagonal camera set up in the 2021 iPhones.

Although there are rumors that Apple will introduce completely portless models, in-display fingerprint scanners, and an always-on display, these updates are likely to be introduced in future models.

Till now, this is all we know about the 2021 iPhones. Disclaimer; all the details mentioned above are according to the leaks, rumors, and analysts. Though I’m happy to say that the wait very soon is going to be over for Apple fans and technology geeks. And the launch of the new iPhones will be a great opportunity for those who have a slightly low budget and want to buy an iPhone and experience iOS because after the launch prices will decrease for the previous models.

Apple products are known for their quality, reliability, performance, and customer satisfaction. Let’s see if the 2021 iPhones will be up to the mark.

GUI in .Net

What is .net and .net framework?

.NET is a software framework which is designed and developed by Microsoft.The first version of .Net framework was 1.0 which came in the year 2002.In easy words, it is a virtual machine for compiling and executing programs
written in different languages like C#, VB.Net etc.It is used to develop Form-based applications, Web-based applications, and Web services.There is a variety of programming languages available on the .Net platform,
VB.Net and C# being the most common ones.It is used to build applications for Windows, phone, web etc.It provides a lot of functionalities and also supports industry standards..NET Framework supports more than 60 programming languages in which 11 programming languages are designed and developed by Microsoft.The remaining Non-Microsoft Languages or Third Party Languages which are supported by .NET Framework but not designed and developed by Microsoft. Framework performs development, execution & deployment of an application. It support multiple languages, technologies & databases.

COMMON LANGUAGE RUNTIME – MICROSOFT LANGUAGES

  • C#.NET
  • VB.NET
  • C++.NET
  • J#.NET
  • F#.NET
  • JSCRIPT.NET
  • WINDOWS POWERSHELL
  • IRON RUBY
  • IRON PYTHON
  • C OMEGA
  • ASML(Abstract State Machine Language)

THIRD PARTY LANGUAGES – NON MICROSOFT LANGUAGES

  • APL
  • COBOL
  • Component Pascal
  • Hakell
  • Perl
  • Python
  • Smalltalk
  • Standard ML

TECHNOLOGY AND DATABASES SUPPORTED BY .NET FRAMEWORK

Technologies supported by .net framework

  • WinForms
  • Asp.net
  • ADO.net

Databases supported by .net framework

  • SQL sever
  • Oracle
  • Ms access

FEATURES OF .NET FRAMEWORK

  • Good design
  • Object Oriented Programming
  • Language independent
  • Platform independent
  • Flexible data access Dynamic web pages
  • Web services
  • Code security

An Overview to GUI

What is GUI?

GUI is a Graphical Interface that is a visual representation of communication presented to the user for easy interaction with the machine. GUI means Graphical User Interface. It is the common user Interface that includes Graphical representation like buttons and icons, and communication can be performed by interacting with these icons rather than the usual text-based or command-based communication.

Example of GUI

Need of GUI

The graphical user interface (GUI; sometimes pronounced “gooey”) is used by most commercially popular computer operating systems and software programs today. It’s the kind of interface that allows users to manipulate elements on the screen using a mouse, a stylus, or even a finger. This kind of interface allows word processing or web design programs, for example, to offer WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) options. Before GUI systems became popular, command line interface (CLI) systems were the norm. As you might imagine, GUI systems have made computers far more user-friendly than CLI systems.

How does it Works ?(InShort)

The graphical user interface is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

Advantages of GUI

  • User Friendly
  • Comprehensive
  • Attractiveness
  • Shortcut Keys
  • Multitasking

Disadvantages of GUI

  • Implementation not an easy process
  • Cost
  • GUI is slower
  • Time Consumption
  • Memory Usage

Applications of GUI

  • MP3 players
  • Portable media players
  • Gaming devices
  • Smartphones
  • Smaller household
  • Office and Industrial Controls

Technical skills

Technical skills are the abilities and knowledge needed to perform specific tasks. They are practical, and often relate to mechanical, information technology, mathematical, or scientific tasks. Some examples include knowledge of programming languages, design programs, mechanical equipment, or tools.

Some of the very famous tech. Skills:

1. Project Management. Being able to effectively coordinate resources, people and budgets as a project manager is one of the best technical skills that you can have.
2. Analysis of Big Data and Business 3.Intelligence.
4. Information Security.
5. Designer.
6. Marketing Assistant.
7. Writer. And many more…

Create a dedicated Technical Skills section for the resume.

If they’re heavily emphasized in the job description, then your Technical Skills section should be at the top of your resume, just below your introduction, and above your professional experience. A bulleted list will make it easy to read.

These are some of the basic tech. Skills:

* Word Processing Skills.
* Spreadsheets Skills.
* Database Skills.
* Electronic Presentation Skills.
* Web Navigation Skills.
* Web Site Design Skills.
* E-Mail Management Skills.
* Digital Cameras

How can you improve your technical skills? So, here are the steps to improves ones technical skill.

1. Enroll in Technical Classes or Workshops.
2. Get Technical Books.
3. Volunteer for Technical Projects.
4. Subscribe to Technical Sites and Magazines.
5. Develop Knowledge of a Second Language.
6. Practice What You Learned.

EXCEL IN DIGITAL MARKETING WITH SEO

Before directly going into the SEO techniques I would like to make you understand about the concept of digital marketing easily with a simple example that we encounter in our daily routine. ” Most of us use Gmail almost everyday for various purposes. When ever we open our Gmail we observe different sections holding different mails in it especially when we open “Promotions” section in our mail box, we used to see different mails from various websites which are offering discounts on their products or courses.” These mails are the strategic implementations of the websites in order to increase their marketing on the internet to get profits. This type promotions in Gmail sections leave a foot print of ” DIGITAL MARKETING”.

DIGITAL MARKETING:

Digital marketing is a platform that is widely used for marketing with help internet connected devices. It uses latest digital technologies to reach people. Now a days digital marketing is crucial for the entrepreneurs to share their idea, promote their products and build their audience.

SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION(SEO):

When we search for a content through search engines like google, then that particular search engine shows a random websites for our search as an answer. This random gathering of information by search engines is possible with the help of search engine optimization which helps search engines to show the best available content for the given query.

SEO is an effective way to improve the rank of websites in search engines in order to increase the visibility of websites. SEO is a technique to optimize the website with the suitable key words. Let’s see some latest SEO hacks to improve the ranking of page which helps in increasing your websites market.

LATEST TRENDS OF SEO:

UNDERSTAND CORE WEB VITALS OF THE SITE: Google has recently announced that core web vitals will become the new ranking signals by combining previous UX related signals also. Core web vitals is a new term that haven’t heard in previous years but it plays a crucial role in 2021 because google has developed a new algorithm to measure the page experience based on the score off core web vitals.

To make you understand better, core web vitals are the measurement capabilities of the content in a website. These measurements are depended upon page speed, page responsiveness and page visual stability which are known as LCP(Largest contentful paint), FID(First input delay), CLS(Cumulative layout shift). These measurement speeds are shown in the following picture.

AI PLAYS A LARGE ROLE IN SEO: AI is changing the interaction methods of people with online content. Google has unveiled an algorithm a few years back which is called as “RankBrain”. This algorithm paly’s a crucial role in ranking the pages with the help of “SERP’s ” results. Experts believe that user experience signals are the primary for ranking the page, so by using this algorithm search engine like google can easily captivate the rate of time that has spent on the website by readers which gives the better feedback on the content quality of website.

USE “EAT” PRINCIPLE: EAT principle helps website optimizer to master a long term SEO success, despite of Google’s constantly changing algorithms. EAT stands for Expertise, Authority and Trustworthiness. These three principles are essential to measure the brand of websites on the web. In order to establish your brand’s authority, trustworthiness and reputation then you have to follow these rules:

  • Try to engage with customers in a better way and request them to provide reviews and feed back to your work.
  • Try to insert high quality links in you site.
  • Follow EAT principles on your website through testimonials, case studies and other forms of social proof.

Along with the above discussed principles we should also follow the below stated tips to improve the traffic to your website:

  • Create new content and try to update the old.
  • Give first priority to the user experience.
  • Improve featured snippets to make your content more prominent.
  • Improve mobile friendly content to improve search rankings.
  • Support long tail key words and optimize the images that you place in your content and don’t forget to keep effective back links on your site.

Finally, The content designers of websites should keep in mind that , Relevant & Optimized content wins every time in the ranking of page on search engines and also the core of SEO is about figuring out what works for the site or client and then changing it when it stops working. Always keep a close eye on your competitors and follow the best practices to thrive best in marketing.