Advertising has become very prevalent in our daily lives , so for a product to stand apart , it is very essential to present it in a dynamic , visually stimulating manner to grab the attention of consumers . The business world is slowly rejecting run of the mill tradition methods (such as placing ads in yellow pages , distributing pamphlets , etc.) and adopting solutions from the electronic era . Only companies with a nerve to radically change their marketing strategies for the new millennium will survive and be able to cater to ever- changing customer’s mindset . Applications of multimedia in the marketing field include the following :
Presentations for launching the products of a company . Reaching the target audience with necessary technical services or products requires clear communication stating the benefits and features , outlining its applications and any other product -related details , all presented in a well- designed and interactive manner so that the users can be familiarized faster . Multimedia presentations helps in motivating , informing and captivating audiences via PCs , laptops , plasma screens or kiosks delivered via CD-ROM or the Internet .
Multimedia is used to create interactive product catalogues , training tutorials , buyer guides and information directories with adequate search and navigation facilities to guide the user to easily trace the desired information . A buyer guide can list the nearly dealers , a comparison of the top brands , maps of the city and other helpful guest services .
E-mail advertising or placing banner ads on the internet is an extremely cost -effective method of launching a product , promoting an event or selling services . Effective use of multimedia in advertising can make potential clients sit up and make notice .
Multimedia applications help in building brand loyalty as well as improving sales .Brand loyalty will be improved as the users are provided a custom application which entertains ; informs or assists them .
Graphical elements , animations , as well as audio and video can be used to more effectively deliver sales instructional or marketing messages , thereby differentiating a firm from its competitors .
18th July marks the birth of an iconic figure who vanquished South Africa’s apartheid system. The great personality who fought for human rights and was an international peacemaker. This person who played a very vital role in shaping the society and conserving the human rights was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela.
“It is easy to break down and destroy. The heroes are those who make peace and build.”
– Nelson Mandela
ABOUT NELSON MANDELA
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. The main focus of his government was on knocking down the apartheid regime by fostering racial reconciliation and tackling institutionalized racism. Nelson Mandela is an iconic figure who was an human rights lawyer, a prisoner of conscience and an international peacemaker. He is that great personality who vanquished South Africa’s apartheid system and was the first democratically elected president of free South Africa. Nelson Mandela was born Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela in Transkei, South Africa on 18 July, 1918. His strategy was to bring change through Legal Revolution but not through actual violence. He began his journey towards by following the path of non-violence, later embracing violence, and then adopting a non-violent approach for negotiation and reconciliation.
ABOUT NELSON MANDELA INTERNATIONAL DAY
Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is celebrated in honor of Nelson Mandela, the former South African President, on his birthday, that is on 18 July. This day was declared officially by the United Nations in November 2009 and the first Mandela Day was thus held on 18 July 2010. There are many other groups who celebrated this day before 2010 also, that is from 18 July 2009.
The UN General Assembly (UNGA) declared 18th July as “Nelson Mandela International Day” for paying tribute and for recognizing his contributions for achieving and promoting peace and freedom. Mandela Day reminds us that “Each individual has the potential and power to bring a positive change, transform and ability to make an impact.”
MESSAGE OF MANDELA DAY CAMPAIGN
Nelson Mandela fought for peace and harmony. He fought for bringing social justice for over 67 years. This day urges the people of Mother Earth to fight poverty and promote peace, reconciliation and cultural diversity.
While establishing this international day, UNGA recognized the values and dedication of Nelson Mandela for serving the humanity. He constantly fought for democracy and for promoting cultural peace throughout the world. Some other values for which he fought are:
Conflict Resolution
Race Relations
Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
Reconciliation
Gender Equality
Rights of Children and other vulnerable groups
Fight against Poverty
Promotion of Social Justice
The contribution of Nelson Mandela to the society can never be measured and his works remind us that “Everyone has the ability and the responsibility to change the world for the better!” Mandela Day is one such occasion which urges all to take action and inspire change.
WHY DO WE CELEBRATE NELSON MANDELA DAY ?
Nelson Mandela International Day is celebrated every year to remember the legacy of a man who shaped the present with his fight for 67 years and provided a better world and society for the future generation. Nelson Mandela changed the 20th century and helped shape the 21st century and future of the world. This day exhorts us to renew the values and principles of Nelson Mandela and to take actions for building a better society.
Maria Salomea Sktodowska was born on 7 November 1867 in Warsaw , Poland. She was the 5th child born to father Vladislav and Mother Bronislava sklodowska , who were both teachers. Because of bad investments, the family lost its savings and had to move to a private school where her mother taught.
Maria started her schooling in 1874, and she was the youngest and the smartest in her class. During that time, Warsaw was under Russian rule which banned polish dictums. Russian government forbade any polish women to attend university of Warsaw. So Marie and her older sister Bronya ,would pool their finances so that first her older sister ( Bronya ) could complete her education, and then Marie could attend University of Paris. Manya ( as Maria was also called) spent 6 years as governess and taught peasant children how to read and write.
She also attended secret meetings of “Floating University ” where they read scientific studies. By 1891,she had collected enough money to continue her studies in Paris. She moved there and lived with her sister and her husband and changed her name to Marie. She attended the Sorbonne University and then later moved to the student area , a tiny attic sized housing. In 1893,she earned her master’s degree in Physics, and then studied Mathematics on a scholarship.During this, she also got a job to study magnetism properties of various types of steel for French company.
She later met Pierre Curie and they got married in 1895 , and gave birth to daughter Irene the following year.
Later she decided to make French physicist Henri Becquerel and his discovery of mysterious Uranium rays in 1896 as her topic of physics doctorate. She began studying Uranium type rays radiated from other elements and found that Thorium also gave out such rays. Most of Uranium type rays given off by rocks called pitchblende- gave more radiation than she expected.
She announced in July,1898 that she found a new element and named it POLONIUM , after Poland and also invented the word ‘ radioactive ‘ , and later she also founded Radium.
To prove that she had indeed found those new elements, she had to produce pure radium. And finally on 21 july 1902 she reported the weight of 1 radium atom. In 1903, she became the first woman in Europe to receive doctorate in science. Radium began to be used for treating cancer cells, and the new treatment began to be called ‘ Curie treatment’. Marie and Pierre were awarded the Humphry Davy medal ; England’s highest award in chemistry.
The same year , she and her husband ,along with Henri Becquerel , were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics .In 1906, Pierre died by falling off horse drawn wagon.
In 1911, Marie won Nobel Prize in chemistry for her work in radioactivity.
She died in 1934 of aplastic anaemia due to prolonged exposure to radiation .
Later, in 1935,Irene and her husband Fredrick, were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry .
Maldives is made up of 1190 Islands. Maldives is the world’s lowest country. It has a ground level elevation or height above sea level about 1.5 m or 4 feet 11 inches. The Maldives have some of the smallest islands in the World with no more than a few square meters size. Ninety-nine percent of the Maldives is water.
Maldives is a Muslim country and 90% of its population is predominantly Muslim. The world’s smallest Muslim country. Muslims are considered to be citizens of the nation. Any other faith besides Islam is not considered so. Nudity and topless sunbathing is not allowed in Maldives. Visitors must obey local traditions
You are not allowed to bring your own alcoholic drink, there price of alcoholic beverages at the resorts are not too high.
Maldives is rich in exotic sea life. If you’re interested in sea life then going to the Maldives may be the best decision you would ever make.The Maldives are one of the few places on Earth where Whale sharks can be encountered all year round. The sun’s rays strike at a 90° angle.
They observe the weekend on Friday and Saturday.
For raising awareness about rising waters in the ocean. The President, transferred the cabinet meeting of October 2009 right to the ocean’s bottom. Not in a board room or boring government building. It was World’s First Underwater Cabinet Meeting.
Maldives is one country that has about 98 percent literacy among its adults.
Nelson Mandela was a South African anti apartheid Revolutionary Statesman.
Nelson Mandela
He served as president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.
Nelson Mandela was first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.
Nelson Mandela is known as Gandhi of South Africa.
Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918.
We died on 5th December 2013.
Nelson Mandela International Day is celebrated on 18 July every year.
Today is 103rd birth anniversary of Nelson Mandela.
Nelson Mandela opposes the racist system of Apartheid in South Africa and dedicated his life to establishing social equality for all.
Nelson Mandela was awarded the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
He involved in anti colonial and African Nationalist politics, joining the AMC in 1943 and co-founding its youth league in 1944.
In 1962, He was arrested, imprisoned and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the state following the Rivonia trial.
He served 27 years in prison.
Nelson Mandela was also known as Madiba.
Nelson Mandela was birth name Rolihlahla Mandela.
Nelson name was given by his Primary school teacher.
In 1931, he begin his College degree at University College of Fort hare.
Nelson Mandela was expelled for participating in a protest against the universities policies.
Nelson Mandela received his law degree from University of South Africa in 1989.
The king of his village threatened him and his cousin with arrange marriages but they both ran away.
Nelson Mandela along with his fellow AMC member established South Africa’s first black law practice in 1952.
Nelson Mandela was banned from leaving the country
In order to leave the country he used the name David Motsamayi to get out of country in secret.
In prison, he was mentor to to other prisoner and taught them about nonviolent resistance.
Nelson Mandela believed that sports has the power to change the world, it has the power to inspire,. It has the power to unite people in a way that letter else does. It speaks to youth in a language they understand. Sport can create hope where one there was only dispair. It is more powerful than government in Breaking Down racial barriers.
He was released from prison in 1990 by president Frederick William De klerk.
Nelson Mandela was 76 year old when he was elected as president of South Africa.
Theme of national Mandela International Day 2021
The theme of this year is One Hand Can Feed Another.
Last year’s theme was Take Action, Inspire change.
The theme highlighted the importance of Government and citizen working together to build a peaceful equitable and sustainable world for all.
Anne Frank (born June 12, 1929, Frankfurt am Main, Germany—died February/March 1945, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, near Hannover), Jewish girl whose diary of her family’s two years in hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands became a war classic.
Anne’s father, Otto Frank (1889–1980), a German businessman, moved his wife and two daughters to Amsterdam early in Adolf Hitler’s Nazi government. After German forces conquered the Netherlands in 1941, Anne was forced to switch from a public to a Jewish school. She was given a red-and-white plaid diary for her 13th birthday on June 12, 1942. She started writing in the book that day.
“I hope I will be able to confide in you about anything, as I have never been able to confide in anybody before, and I hope you will be a wonderful source of comfort and support.”
The Franks went into hiding in the backdoor office and warehouse of Otto Frank’s food-products firm on July 6, 1942, when Anne’s sister, Margot, was facing deportation (allegedly to a forced-labor camp).
The Frank family and four other Jews—Hermann and Auguste van Pels and their son, Peter, and Fritz Pfeffer—were confined to the “hidden annex” with the help of a few non-Jewish friends, including Miep Gies, who brought in food and other supplies. During this period, Anne kept a diary, documenting day-to-day life in hiding, from little irritations to the terror of being discovered.
She talked about usual adolescent concerns as well as her future ambitions, which included becoming a journalist or writer. On August 1, 1944, Anne wrote her final diary entry. The annex was discovered three days later by the Gestapo, who were acting on a tip from Dutch informers.
On September 3, 1944, the Frank family was taken to Westerbork, a transit camp in the Netherlands, and then to Auschwitz, a concentration camp in German-occupied Poland, on the last train to leave Westerbork for Auschwitz. The following month, Anne and Margot were moved to Bergen-Belsen.
Anne’s mother died in early January, only days before Auschwitz was liberated on January 18, 1945. The Dutch government determined that Anne and Margot perished in a typhus outbreak in March 1945, just weeks before Bergen-Belsen was liberated, however experts disclosed new evidence in 2015, including examination of archival data and first-hand reports, showing that the sisters might have perished in February 1945.
When Soviet troops seized Auschwitz on January 27, 1945, they discovered Otto Frank sick there.
The papers left behind by the Gestapo were eventually given to Otto Frank by friends who examined the hiding site after the family was apprehended. He discovered Anne’s diary among them, which was later published as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl (originally in Dutch, 1947).
It follows her emotional evolution in the face of adversity and is precocious in style and insight. “I still think, despite everything, that humans are truly wonderful at heart,” she wrote. The Holocaust Diary, which has been translated into over 65 languages, is the most widely read Holocaust diary, and Anne Frank is undoubtedly the most well-known Holocaust victim.
The Diary was also adapted into a play, which premiered on Broadway in October 1955 and won the Tony Award for Best Play as well as the Pulitzer Prize for Best Drama in 1956. In 1959, George Stevens directed a film adaptation of the book.
The play was controversial: screenwriter Meyer Levin criticised Otto Frank and his chosen screenwriters, Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, for sanitising and de-Judaizing the storey in an early version of the play (later realised as a 35-minute radio play) and accused them of sanitising and de-Judaizing the storey.
The drama was revived (with additions) on Broadway in 1997–98 after being played in high schools all around the world.
The revised English translation of the Diary, published in 1995, includes material that was cut out of the first version, making it nearly one-third longer than the first. The Frank family’s hideaway on Amsterdam’s Prinsengracht canal has since become a museum that is consistently among the city’s most popular tourist attractions.
ANNE FRANK’S QUOTES
“How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a singlemoment before starting to improve the world.”
“I know what I want, I have a goal, an opinion, I have a religion and love. Let me be myself and then I am satisfied. I know that I’m a woman, a woman with inward strength and plenty of courage.”
“Everyone has inside of him a piece of good news. The good news is that you don’t know how great you can be! How much you can love! What you can accomplish! And what your potential is!”
“What is done cannot be undone, but one can prevent it happening again.”
“I don’t think of all the misery but of the beauty that still remains.”
As the Covid-19 graph is falling, and people have been working from Home for the past one year due to the pandemic, the IT giants of India namely; TCS, Wipro, and Infosys sooner or later this year are expecting to bring back their employees to the office.
The Chief Human Resources Officer(Saurabh Govil) of Wipro recently said that Bengaluru-based Wipro is likely to call employees slowly back to the office from September. As vaccination is attaining stride, depending on the situation of pandemic and third wave. In a press conference, Govil mentioned, “This will vary between country by country and different stages of the pandemic. This will not be one size fits all.” The company’s Chairman, Rishad Premji said that around 55% of the employees in India are vaccinated. The company has around 2 lakhs employees.
Further, the largest software company Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is also looking forward to bring its employees back to the office once they are fully vaccinated against the novel Coronavirus by September this year. Milind Lakkad (company’s Chief of Global Human Resources) stated, “…In less than two months, over half a million associates and family members and over 70 percent of our associates have been vaccinated, and we are on track to vaccinate all TCSers and families by September.” He also mentioned, “During April and May, the second wave of the pandemic has been quite demanding for the TCS Family. Our thoughts are with the families who suffered the personal loss despite our best efforts. I want to acknowledge the temperament and personality of our associates who stood by each other in these stressful times.”
Infosys’ Chief Operating Officer ( U.B Pravin Rao) also answered questions considering bringing back employees to the office, during a press conference after Quater-1 results. He said that 98% of the employees globally are working from home. “We expect 20-30% of people to start coming to work from the office, this will vary to geographies, depend on nature of projects, individual preferences,” Rao said. Rao also informed that in India around 58% of the employees are fully vaccinated and 10% of the employees are partially vaccinated, “we can increase the number of people coming to the office to work this quarter.”
Apart from this, all the three IT giants of India are expecting to hire more than 1 lakh college graduates this year.
Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918, at Umtata, Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. He is an iconic figure in today’s world when it comes to fighting for one’s rights as a human being. The son of a Xhosa Chief, Mandela studied law at the University of Witwatersrand, and in 1944 joined the African National Congress (ANC), After the Sharpeville massacre (1960), he was disillusioned to the extent that he gave up his non-violent stance and became one of those who helped found the Spear of the Nation, the ANC’s military wing. Arrested in 1962, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. The South African Court convicted him on charges of sabotage as well as other crimes committed while he led the movement against apartheid.
How is Nelson Mandela International Day celebrated?
Mandela provides service to others and always wants to create a better world for everyone. So, on this day if people find injustice in the neighbourhood, city, or state they do everything to alleviate the problem. Work in soup kitchens, marched with protesters, volunteer in local organisations, and work to help bring about civil liberties for everyone. Inspire change, and make every day a celebration of Mandela Day. People work for others and want to improve the lives of people around them. They will do this by volunteering or taking part in protests.
“After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb.”
This day provides a global call for people to recognise their ability and have a positive effect on others around them. People also inspire others about the values that Mandela shared like democracy, freedom, diversity, reconciliation, and respect. To promote Nelson Mandela Day, many people and organisations around the world take part in several activities. These activities are volunteering, sport, art, education, music, and culture. This day also celebrates a campaign known as “46664”, in reference to Nelson Mandela’s Robben Island prison number. The campaign was originally launched to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS. In 1995 and 1999 Children’s Fund and the Nelson Mandela Foundation were established.
“I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.”
His Movements And Struggles:
In accordance with the conviction, Mandela served twenty-seven years in prison. While in jail, Mandela’s reputation grew and he became widely known as the most significant black leader in South Africa. The conditions that he had to go through as a prisoner were appalling. He performed hard labour in a lime quarry. Prisoners were segregated on the basis of race, and the black prisoners received the fewest rations. Political prisoners were kept separate from ordinary criminals and received fewer privileges. Mandela himself describes how as a D-group prisoner, the lowest classification, he was allowed one visitor and one letter every six months. Letters, when they came, were often delayed for long periods and made unreadable by the prison censors. It calls for nerves of steel for a man imprisoned for life to get a degree of Bachelor in Law from the University of London through correspondence.
In February 1985, President PW Botha offered Mandela conditional release in return for renouncing armed struggle. Mandela spurned the offer, releasing a statement through his daughter Zindzi saying, ‘What freedom am I being offered while the organisation of people remains banned? Only free men can negotiate. A prisoner cannot enter into contracts.’
Throughout Mandela’s imprisonment, local and international pressure mounted on the South African Government to release him. In 1989, South Africa reached a crossroads when Botha suffered a stroke and was replaced as President by Frederik Willem de Klerk. De Klerk announced Mandela’s release in February 1990. His release from jail was broadcast live all over the world.
South Africa’s first multi-racial elections, in which full enfranchisement was granted, were held in April 1994. The ANC won 62 per cent of the votes in the election. Mandela became the first black President. As President from May 1994 to June 1999, Mandela presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation.
It is not surprising that Mahatma Gandhi should have inspired Mandela in his war against apartheid. The most universally respected figure of post-colonial Africa, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 along with De Klerk for their efforts to end apartheid and bring about the transition to non-racial democracy. Mandela remains an inspiring figure for any man in any corner of the world who becomes conscious of his rights and is willing to fight for the same.
Nelson Mandela came into this world on July 18th, 1918. He hailed from a small village in Umtata, South Africa. His entire life story symbolizes a struggle against institutionalized racism in South Africa. It wasn’t easy for him to fight against the prevailing situations, as he was also one of those who were burdened by the impartial system.
Before getting actively involved in protesting against anti-apartheid fight, Nelson Mandela survived several years of his life being a subject of colonization. As an African child, Mandela suffered being a prey of the European expatriate project that involved ‘civilizing’ native communities. In 1960’s, Nelson Mandela was put behind the bars for standing against the racist regulations of the government. He spent around three decades of his life in prison but did not compromise his demand for seeking equality and justice for the common people.
Being an uncompromising and courageous leader, Nelson Mandela was characterized as a man of strength, integrity and principles. In the year 1994, he alone led the nation to put an end to racial discrimination. He was the 1st black president ever to get nominated in South Africa. He served as the South African President for five years ranging from 1994 to 1999.
After Nelson Mandela retired from his public life, he continued to symbolize the dreams and hopes of an equal and free world. In December 2013, he left this world forever. He was of 95 years at that time. Nelson Mandela had to his credit more than two hundred and fifty awards and honors that included the “1993 Nobel Peace” Prize, the Medal of Freedom, and the Bharat Ratna.
Life of Nelson MandelaHe has conducted comprehensive traveling since his release from prison when he spoke. Nelson Mandela claims: “The biography of Pandit Nehru helped me prepare for my discharge. Who wrote about what’s going on when you leave prison.My daughter Zinzi claims she grew up without a dad who became the nation’s dad when he came back. This has put on my shoulders a huge burden.And wherever I travel, I instantly start missing the familiar–the mine dumps, the uniquely South African color and smell, and especially the individuals. I don’t like being away for a long moment. There’s no place like home for me.Mandela accepted the Nobel Peace Prize as a tribute to all those who worked for peace and opposed racism. This individual has been awarded as much as it has been to the ANC and all the individuals of South Africa.
We all have heard many news about girl or girl child or woman being sexually harassed and abused by men. In most of the cases the culprit is or the culprits are the victim’s close relations like friend, boyfriend, even brother and father.
How much long can you stay at one place without stepping outside a room. Just think kept locked in room for one day. But you will be shocked and get anger, empathy, sorrow all at a time when you hear about a incident that happened in Austria. In Austria, a girl named Elisabeth Fritzl has been kept locked in the basement for 24 years by her own father Josef Fritzl and also he used her as a sex slave. The most horrible thing is he fathered seven kids with his own daughter.
FRITZL CASE:
The cased was emerged in 2008 when a woman named Elisabeth Fritzl told the police in the town of Amstetten, Austria.The girl was raped several times by her father Josef Fritzl in the closed concealed area in the cellar of their own family home.
Josef Fritzl married Rosemarie with whom he had three sons and four daughters including Elisabeth. Elisabeth was began abused by his father when she was Eleven. After Elisabeth completing her education at age of 15, she joined a course to become waitress. In 1983, she ran away from her house and bought back by police after three weeks. Then she completed her waitress course and also pursued a job.
HOW SHE WAS CAPTIVATED:
In 1984, Elisabeth was 18 years old. Josef Fritzl asked his daughter Elisabeth to help him to install a door in his newly built cellar complex. She also agreed and went happily to help her father. But she had no idea how monstrous her father is and this is going to be her last time to see her family and the outside world in 24 years. After reaching the basement she was drugged, tied up and chained to a bed by her father. He kept her captivated for 24 years and raped her several times and fathered seven children. Elisabeth’s mother Rosemarie filed a missing person report. After a month Fritzl handed some letters to police that he forced her daughter to write. The letters are postmarked Braunau telling that Elisabeth became tired of living with her family. So she ran away from them and also don’t want them to come for her. If they do she would leave the country. They believed that she joined a religious cult.
ELISABETH AND HER SEVEN CHILDREN:
After the captivity, Fritzl visited Elisabeth almost everyday or three, four times a week. He constantly raped her to punish her. Elizabeth first baby died shortly after birth. She gave birth to her second child that was taken from her by her father. Fritzl put the baby before his house door and the baby was found by Rosemarie . She took the baby believing that the baby was abandoned by his parents. So they decided to raise the baby but Rosemarie doesn’t know the truth. The same was followed for the next two babies. Fritzl and his wife, who were approved by local social services authorities as their foster parents. Officials said that Fritzl doubtlessly explained how three of his infant grandchildren had appeared on his doorstep. The family received regular visits from social workers, who saw and heard nothing to arouse their suspicions.
With no medical care, and given just disinfectant and a pair of dirty scissors, Elisabeth gave birth to seven babies in the cellar.
In 1994 after another three children Kerstin, Stefan and Felix. Fritzl enlarged the room and provided the room with all kind of basic necessities like radio, television, food etc. Elizabeth taught her children to read and write. If they try to escape, Fritzl punish them by shutting off the lights or refusing to give food for days. They were threatened to be gassed if they try to escape. They received electric shocks as an punishment.
Fritzl had been planning the underground prison for years, excavating the garden and even building a swimming pool over the complex where barbecue guests swam, unaware Elisabeth and her children was trapped in her hellish prison below.
ESCAPE:
Kerstin’s fell into illness in April 2008 was the beginning of the end of Elisabeth’s ordeal. In an uncharacteristic act of mercy, Fritzl drove the 19-year-old to hospital where she was instantly taken into intensive care.
Police concerned about the deathly pale girl put out an appeal for her mother to contact them and Elisabeth, watching them on a TV in the cellar, begged her father to set her free.
Incredibly, he relented, driving her to hospital and telling police that the family had recently been released from the sect.But when officers managed to get Elisabeth alone, she revealed the whole shocking story – on condition she was never to see her father again.
The first thing she said was “No one will believe me.”
Even after all this all the cruelty done by Fritzl, the lawyers tried to portray him as a loving father. After all the testimony, Josef Fritzl was sentenced to life imprisonment. He is still in Garsten Abbey jail. Elisabeth and her children were given therapy and treatment. I hope that now they are leading a happy and normal life.
The internet has engendered a completely new outlook to the world. On one hand its a hub to world wide connections whereas on the other hand its has given people a new meaning to freedom of expression, which is not always used in a positive way.
Article 19 of the Indian constitution gives people the freedom to hold opinions until to a point it doesn’t hurt one’s self esteem and name. But unfortunately nowadays trolling and cyber bullying has become a part of our day to day lives.
According to a study published by the University of Manitoba, in Canada, found that trolls exhibit the personality traits of an individual like narcissists, psychopaths and sadists who take pleasure in the suffering of other people. In the latest yearly Freedom of the Net report, Freedom House studied 65 countries worldwide between June 2016 and May 2017, found that internet freedom has declined for the seventh consecutive year. China was the world’s most aggressive abuser of internet freedom for the third consecutive year, followed by Syria. Another study explored “personality traits and social motivations associated with individuals who engage in online trolling, specifically on Facebook.”
REASONS:
There are many reasons why trolling happens and one is different from other. People’s lack of will to appreciate the difference in opinions leads to trolling. Another such reason is impatience in people. It can also occur due to insecurity budding within themselves. Some people troll even for seeking attention, for boredom and what not.
CONSEQUENCES:
Victims of trolling can undergo a sort of mental trauma and can really feel unsafe. Some can even take extreme decision like suicide. It on a majority affects teenagers. Depression and anxiety increases.
COMBAT TROLLING:
One cannot win with a troll but the best way to combat it is: If it is casual online troll, the best one can do is to ignore it completely as we all know “ignorance is bliss“. For repeated troll, report the user to the moderators of the system. If a mass of people report then the moderators have to take away the trolls ability to post online which commonly means that the troll is no more or blocked by IP address.
On conclusion, all that can be said is one need to take control of their behavior and treat everyone as they like to be treated.
Indonesia Indonesia’s special place is bali, where you can see active volcanoes. it is the world’s largest island country. This is a good holiday destination place for Indian tourist because 1 Rs Indian currency here is 207 Indonesian rupiah. The cost of living here for one week can cost you around 3000 Rs and cost of eating here is 1000 Rs only. Situated between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. It is the best international destinations for honeymooners.
Vietnam In Vietnam, Indian currency rises, because the value of one rupee is approx 333 dongs. It is a country of aesthetic beauty and you can go to cruise here at very cheap prices. Here your one week stay and food will cost you around 5000 rupess only. And flight will be of 20000. Kayaking is an enjoyable & very common mode of transport in Vietnam.
Srilanka. It is famous for its rich buddist culture. It’s one of these greenest places on earth with its beautiful mystic highlights and many more. You definately needs a visa for travelling to srilanka. The value of 10 Indian Rs is 25 srilankan rupee. If cold weather, tea plantations, and waterfalls captivate you, then Nuwara Eliya and Kandy are the places you would want to visit.
Cambodia. Cambodia is a very beautiful country and is famous for its lovely and breathtaking places. The tourist places in Cambodia includes Angkor wat temple, phenom phen, cardamom mountains and kampot river. Many people go there every year and most of them are indians. There reason for this is that the price of one rupee is app. 60 Cambodian REL. You were surprised to hear that the 7 day hotel accommodation in Cambodia is s only 2000 rupees and cost of eating us only 1000 rupees. Flight is also very cheap. You can also cycle around the villages of Cambodia to have a look at the local life of this country
Thailand Bangkok which is the capital of Thailand is famous for its city parties. Pattaya for its nightlife. Flight cost you around 5000 Rs from Kolkata. If your plan is to stay here less than 15 days,then you can easily get a visa on arrival. The best time to visit Thailand is between november and March. Starting from clubbing, diving into turquoise watered beaches, cheap street food, the chaotic markets where you can find anything, the night skyline, the authentic spas to relax.
Nepal. Known as Land of the Thunder Dragon. Nepal is famous for its ancient and cultural temples, mountains. It is also famous for its handmade goods. Indian people do not require a visa for visiting Nepal. The price of 10 Indian Rs is 16 nepalis rs. The best time to visit Nepal is between Oct to Dec.
Myanmar. Indians can visit this place via road too. All you have to do is reach Imphal, Manipur’s capital city. Eating out in Myanmar is generally not so expensive and could cost approx INR 60 -100 for a simple meal at a local restaurant or teahouse. It is the best backpacking destinations in Southeast Asia.
In today’s fast changing and developing world, technology has taken over. Technology has dominated the world in many aspects. One such sector is the payment sector. The world is leaning towards the method of online payment. The drift towards it has been increasing rapidly with time. Now focusing on this area of online payments, we have an excellent system. It is Visa Provisioning.
Visa Provisioning is the system of online payment on a mobile phone. It helps in effortlessly downloading the payment account details on your mobile phone. This service is mainly convenient for mobile operating systems along with some other systems. Visa Provisioning is a service based on a technology called NFC. NFC stands for Near Field Communication. Come on, let’s have a look at this.
What is NFC?
NFC is wireless communication technology. It allows the users to exchange data between two devices in a short-range. It is considered to be expanding at a great pace for a newly launched technology. In some ways, it is better than Bluetooth too.
Features of Visa Provisioning
Visa Provisioning works only with the NFC technology installed on mobile phones. This is the reason why it doesn’t work on some of the new mobile systems.
It is known to be efficient for both Visa and Non-Visa transactions.
It does an excellent job in transit applications as well.
Payments can be effectively completed by this system over a distance too.
Working of Visa Provisioning
It can not be stressed enough that this only works with the NFC technology. Now let’s find out how this amazing system works. You just need to follow these simple steps and you are good to go.
Firstly you have to activate the mobile payment system on your mobile.
Now, just enter the correct password in order to proceed with the payment process. Make sure you don’t enter the wrong password because it will lead to the cancellation of the payment.
Once you authenticate, the NFC technology will begin its work. It will exchange some payment account details and some credentials keys among its network.
After completion of this process, you can download the details on your phone easily.
Visa Provisioning is a very beneficial system for online payments. Below are some benefits of the same. Let’s have a look.
Smooth payment options – Contact less payments are done using NFC. Visa Provisioning system eases the process for the customers and as well as for the bankers and the transit operators.
Easy connectivity – This has great connectivity and can be used anywhere, anytime. The Visa Provisioning system has made this easy for all.
Advanced payments – Advanced mobile payments are being carried out by this system for years now. It has evolved and grew around the world. By this you can also link your mobile phone with you Visa account.
User friendly – This is a very user friendly network. It is easy to use. It provides quick payment options. It can also operate from a distance.
Secured network – Yes, Visa provisioning is a safe and secured way of mobile payments. It only requires an e-mail address for registration. This type of facility provides you the advantage of carrying out your payments in a much more easy and effective way. It also features many security measures like PIN authentication and stores all your data safely in a third party service provider.
How does Visa Provisioning Service Differ from Other Types of Mobile Payment Methods ?
Other mobile payment services also use the near field communication (NFC). Visa Provisioning services can be used for any type of cards whereas other methods are confined to their company.
The bank issuing your card can choose to allow Visa Provisioning service for your payment account as long as they meet the requirements. This will also allow their customers to take advantage of the card less payment options just by using mobile.
Another advantage of the Visa Provisioning Services is that they are instant transactions without needing any information.
The Future for Mobile Payments
As we all know, the future of the world lies in technology advancements over the coming years. Online and card less payments are just another addition to the perks of living in an advanced world. It makes the payments easier and safer as compared to the old methods.
The future of cash less payment methods is expected to grow continuously. Major online payment companies like PayPal and Apple Wallet are beginning to make a place for themselves in the market. It is due to their convenience factor and user friendly environment.
The Visa Provisioning Service only requires a single tap on your mobile screen and your money will be transferred or transacted in no time. The NFC technology ensures the safety of your personal details as well as takes care of the whole process of online payment.
How Does Visa Provisioning Service Work with Mobile Payments ?
Mobile payments are apparently considered different from the contact less payments. Contact less payments require both the card and the terminal to support this capability. They are referred to as NFC payments.
Mobile payments require that the device should be connected to Blue Tooth or Near Field Communication Technology so that the transactions can be made without having to swipe the card.
Using NFC technology creates an authorization for payments. You just have to tap on the eligible device name shown on their screen, for the transactions. It can be a store or any other appropriate location. You can use your fingerprint or your PIN number to complete the process of online payment.
How to Maintain Visa Provisioning Services ?
To maintain the Visa Provisioning Service, you need to visit your Visa account by either downloading the Visa Token Service or linking it with your mobile number for receiving a code. Then you can easily maintain your account.
For organizations, they have their own different processes for maintain the Visa Provisioning Services for their consumers.
It is a third party payment method so additional fees may be required.
Have to give up your privacy of the Visa account.
Transactions may be declined in case of insufficient funds or incorrect account details.
There is a higher risk of identity theft.
There may be cases of credit card frauds.
Unauthorized purchases can also be done by this method.
Some Companies that use Visa Provisioning Services
Amazon
Starbucks
Google (Google Pay)
Netflix
Samsung
Sony PlayStation Store
Apple
Dell Financial Services
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is Visa Provisioning Service important ?
Visa Provisioning Services is important because it links your credit card to your mobile for easy online payments. It ensures safe transaction successfully.
How can you deactivate Visa Provisioning Services ?
To deactivate Visa Provisioning from your device, follow these steps :
Go to your mobile settings.
Tap on the ‘apps’ or ‘applications’ option.
Select Visa Provisioning Service from the list of your apps.
Click on the ‘uninstall’ button to deactivate your Visa Provisioning Service account.
What is Visa Provisioning Service 0$ ?
Zero dollar charge is a one time payment that requires validation of your mobile phone number and your address for a Visa card.
Where are Visa Provisioning Services currently available ?
It is currently available in the United States. It is not currently operating internationally. But other NFC transaction methods are in use over the world.
“May your choices reflect your hopes, not your fears.”
Nelson Mandela
Introduction
July 18th every year is observed as the Nelson Mandela International day ever since 2009. Nelson Mandela’s full name was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela and he was also known as Madiba. He was born on July 18, 1918, in South Africa and died on December 5, 2013. He was a Black Nationalist and is popularly known as the first Black president of South Africa. He is also known for his negotiations in the 1990s with the then South African President F.W. de Klerk which helped in ending the apartheid system in the country. Later in 1993, both, Mandela and de Klerk received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts.
Life
Nelson Mandela studied law at the University of Witwatersrand. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944 and became the leader of its Youth League. He established the first black law practice in 1952 in Johannesburg, his focal cases were of racial segregation. He was a part of drafting the Freedom Charter, a document demanding nonracial social democracy, in 1955. Because of actions against the apartheid legislation, he became a target and was banned and arrested on charges of treason in the year 1956 but was acquitted in 1961.
He was trained in guerrilla warfare and sabotage in 1962 but the same year he was arrested again and was sentenced to five years in prison. After the trial where he made his famous speech “I Am Prepared to Die”, he was sentenced to life imprisonment only narrowly evading the death penalty. During this sentence, he was held at the Robben Island Prison off Cape Town. He was released under the government of President de Klerk on February 11, 1990, soon after which he was made the deputy president of the ANC, he then became president of the party in 1991.
Mandela won the first elections by universal suffrage and also was sworn as the president of the first multiethnic government. In 1995, he established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) which’s work was to investigate human rights violations that took place during the apartheid. He then resigned from ANC in December 1997. He didn’t seek a second term and transferred the presidency to his successor in 1999. He established the Nelson Mandela Foundation in 1999 through which he kept working as an advocate of peace, reconciliations, and social justice.
Mandela and Gandhi
Mandela had said that Gandhiji was his role model and that he inspired him to lead South Africa on its journey of independence. He was also sometimes referred to as the “Gandhi of South Africa”. Although both of them did not meet each other, yet some similarities can be noticed such as, both emphasized moral power being a force to reckon with. Both of them were lawyers and spent time in Johannesburg’s old fort prison although it was during different years, Gandhiji in 1906 and Mandela in 1962. It is also said that during Mandela’s 27 years at the Robben Island prison, he was in the room full of books of Gandhiji, where he spent time meditating and reflecting to rid his soul of the bitterness. It was a big coincidence that two of the most inspiring world leaders had a connection to South Africa.
Conclusion
The theme of Nelson Mandela International Day 2021 is One Hand Can Feed Another. Everyone should take some time out to read about Nelson Mandela’s journey and then read about issues of violence and security around the world to understand better and play our part in the fight to make the world more peaceful.
General knowledge is very important in everyone’s life. The person without the knowledge is like the bird without the wings. It is very important to know what is happening across the world. So, it is very important to attain the general knowledge. To grab general knowlede, an individual must follow some of the techniques like reading books, articles, magazines, newspapers etc.
The newspaper consists of all the important things like the business purposes, sports, entertainment, some interesting puzzles, Hindi habits, food recipes, Current affairs etc.
Reading newspaper is an important thing because whenever an individual comes across a motivational thing, he or she will be motivated and focuses on the particular aspect. The individual will get to know the current affairs. The person will get a good grip on the general knowledge. solving puzzles improves the skills of the person. Reading about the healthy habits in the newspaper makes the individual to go for good and healthier meals.
Reading newspaper is very important because gives the chance to know what is happening around us. Early in the morning or evening whatever the time maybe, sparing at least 10 to 15 minutes of time on newspaper is a very good habit that an individual can develop.
The newspaper consists of all the important things like the business purposes, sports, entertainment, some interesting puzzles, Hindi habits, food recipes, Current affairs etc.
In one of the other way the individual develops good habits and focuses more on what they are trying to do.
Individual Differences :
Intelligence :
High scores on tests of general knowledge tend to also score highly on intelligence tests. IQ has been found to robustly predict general knowledge scores even after accounting for difference in age, and five factor model personality tarits. However, many general knowledge tests are designed to create a normal distribution of answers, creating a bell shaped curve.
General knowledge is also moderately associated with verbal ability, though only weakly or not at all with numerical and spatial ability. As with crystallized intelligence, general knowledge has been found to increase with age.
Long term semantic memory :
General knowledge is stored as semantic memory. Most semantic memory is preserved through old age, though there are deficts in retrieval of certain specific words correlated with aging. In addition, stress or various emotional levels can negatively affect semantic nemory retrieval.
Personality :
People high in general knowledge tend to highly open to new experiences and in typical intellectual engagement. The relationship between openness to experieñce and general knowledge remains robust even when IQ is taken into account. People high in openness may be more motivated to engage in intellectual pursuits that increase their knowledge. Relationships between general knowledge and other five factor model traits tend to be weak and inconsistent. Though one study found that extraversion and neutroticism were negatively correlated with general knowledge, others found that they were unrelated.
Predictor of achievement :
A number of studies have assesses whether performance on a general knowledge test can predict achievement in particular areas, namely in academics, proofreading and creativity.
Academic achievement :
General knowledge has been found to predict exam results in a study of Britush schoolchildren. The study examined congnitive ability and personality predictors of exam performance and found that general knowledge was positively correlated with GCSE english, mathematics, and overall exam results. General knowledge test scores presicted exam results, even after controlling for IQ, five factor model personality traits, and learning styles.
Proofreading :
General knowledge has been found to robustly predict proofreading skills in univeristy students. A study found that proofreading had a larger correlation with general knowledge than with general intelligence, verbal reasoning, or openness to experience. In a multiple regression analysis using general knowledge, general intelligence, verbal reasoning, five factor personality traits, amd learning styles as predictors, only general knowledge was a significant predictor.
Creativity
General knowledge has been found to have weak associations with measures of creativity. In a study examining contributions of personality and intelligence to creativity, general knowledge was positively correlated with tests of divergent thinking, but was unrelated to a bigraphical measure of creative achievemnet, self- rated creativity, or a composite measure of creativity. The realtionship between general knowledge and divergent thinking became non- significant when controlling for fluid intelleigence.
Game shows and Quizzes :
Many game shows use general knowledge questions for entertainment purpose. Game shows such as who wants to be a Millionarie? and fiteen to one centre their questions on general knowledge, while other shows focus questions more on specific subjects. Some show ask questions both on specific subjects and on general knowledge .
Eduindex 
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