SOME ATTRACTIONS OF ISTANBUL-TURKEY

The incredible Istanbul

Istanbul is the main attraction of Turkey. Istanbul is the center of this country for its culture,economic status and history. Also Istanbul is the capital city. According to history , in 657 BCE , Istanbul was founded as Byzantion by Megarian colonists. Later it became Istanbul .

Istanbul is a country which is covered by empires across the centuries and stands in both Europe and Asia. It is one of the most popular travel spots in the World. Some popular and attractive tourist spots are- Aya Sophia, Topkapi Palace, Basilica Cistern, Blue Mosque,Istanbul Archaeology Museum, Hippodrome,Süleymaniye Mosque,Grand Bazaar,Spice Bazaar,Chora Church,Dolmabahçe Palace,Little Aya Sofya,Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts,Rüstem Pasa Mosque,Yedikule Fortress,Galata Tower,Carpet Museum,Fatih Mosque,Pera Museum,Istiklal Caddesi and Taksim,Üsküdar and most popular Cappadocia hot balloon.

Let’s be introduce with some of them-

Aya Sofya or Hagia Sophia

According to history in AD 536, for the 1st time when the Byzantine Emperor Justinian entered his finished church, he cried out “Glory to God that I have been judged worthy of such a work. Oh Solomon, I have outdone you!” Aya Sofya or Hagia Sophia means ‘holy wisdom’. It is a domed monument of Constantinople (6th century AD). It was the emperor’s swaggering statement to the world of the wealth and technical ability of his empire. Tradition maintained that the area surrounding the emperor’s throne within the church was the official center of the world.

Topkapi Palace

The Topkapi Palace is a large museum in the east of the Fatih district of Istanbul in Turkey, there are the imperial collections of the Ottoman Empire and maintains an extensive collection of books and manuscripts in its library.

The Blue Mosquewhich

The Blue Mosquewhich is called Sultanahmet Camii in Turkish is an historical mosque in Istanbul .For the blue tiles surrounding the wall it is known as Blue Mosque. It was situated between 1609 and 1616 years, like many other mosques, it also comprises a tomb of the founder, a madrasa and a hospice.

The Basilica Cistern

The Basilica Cistern is the largest among the ancient cisterns beneath the city which provided a water filtration system for the nearby buildings. This underground chamber measures approximately 138 meters (453 ft) by 64.6 meters (212 ft) and is capable of holding 80,000 cubic meters (2,800,000 cu ft) of water. The ceiling is supported by 336 marble columns.

The Hippodrome

The Hippodrome’s name comes from Greek word hippos(horse) and dromos(course). It was an ancient Greek stadium for horse racing and chariot racing. But in present day there isn’t much of the Hippodrome left to see, except for a small section of the gallery walls on the southern side, but the At Meydani (park), which now stands on the site, is home to a variety of monuments.

Archaeology Museum

The Istanbul Archaeology Museums are a group of three archaeological museums which are located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey, near Gülhane Park and Topkapı Palace. The three museums are- in the main building the Archaeological museum, Museums of the Ancient Orient and Museum of Islamic Art.

Grand Bazaar

In Istanbul, the Grand Bazaar is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world. It has a total area of 30,700 m2. There are 61 covered streets and over 4,000 shops attracting between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily.

The Süleymaniye Camii

The Süleymaniye Camii (Suleymaniye Mosque) is one of its most distinctive features with its truly staggering size which was built by the legendary architect, Mimar Sinan, it is one of his masterpieces and his largest design. It is not only the inspiring size that is impressive (the central dome stands 47m high), but also the elegantly decorated interior. The sense of space and light is emphasized by the supporting semi-domes to the northwest and southeast and the monumental arched spaces to the southwest and northeast.

The Spice Bazaar

The Spice Bazaar is one of the largest bazaars in this city. Located in the Eminönü quarter of the Fatih district, it is the most famous covered shopping complex after the Grand Bazaar.

Cappadocia

Cappadocia is in central Anatolia, in the heartland of what is now Turkey.The area is popular for the hot balloon ride. As it has many areas with unique geological, historic, and cultural features.Hot-air ballooning is very popular in Cappadocia and is available in Göreme. Trekking is enjoyed in Ihlara Valley, Monastery Valley (Guzelyurt), Ürgüp and Göreme.

So we must say Istanbul is incredible.

Geopolitics

Introduction

Geopolitics combines the the words Geo, referring Earth and Politics, is the study of the effects of Earth’s geography on politics and international relations. It can also be termed as the study of how political power is reinforced or undermined by geographical arrangements(boundaries, coalitions, spatial networks, natural resources etc.) At international relations level, geopolitics is a way of studying foreign policies, to understand, explain and predict the international political behaviours of the countries and their governments through various geographical variables. These variables include climate, topography, area studies, demographics and natural resources of the regions being evaluated.

Contents

Study of Geopolitics primarily focuses on political power linked to geographic space. Particularly, land territory and territorial waters in relation with diplomatic history. A branch of geopolitics, critical geopolitics, interprets different classical geopolitical theories by showing their political functions for the world’s great powers. There are even some works that follow the geopolitics of renewable energy. Finally, geopolitics clarifies the range of strategic choices, providing a guide for achieving strategic efficiency. While it places particular stress on geographic space as a critically important strategic factor and source of power, it recognizes that geography is only a part of the totality of global phenomena. There are many geopolitical case studies like the Kashmir conflict, Arctic Ocean disputes, China’s disputes in south China sea, US’s foreign policies, annexation of Crimea by Russia, ongoing conflicts in the Middle-East etc.

Future

In today’s world geopolitical studies are becoming more and more important in relations to international relations and diplomacy studies.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/geopolitics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitics

International day of Tropics

The serenity of the lulling ocean is a wondrous thing to behold..more precious than the gems coveted and covered in platinum or gold…
Oksana Rus

Introduction

International day of Tropics is observed every year on June 29th . This day is celebrated to highlight the different challenges and opportunities faced by the nation as well as by the people who lived in tropical areas .

Firstly , you want to know about things like :

What are tropics ?

Why we celebrate international day of Tropics ?

Is it worth it to talk about these things and is it really important ?

Well hold your horses and try to calm .

What is tropic day and why we celebrate it ?

Well a tropic day is celebrated to highlight the importance of Tropics , it signifies extraordinary and astounding diversity of tropical nations .

The Tropic defined as a area /region between tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn . The day aim at promoting tropical regions and awareness to the people about the diversity of these regions .

While these regions go through little seasonal changes on day to day basis because of some factors like tomography , climatic variation that causes changes in temperature and make these regions warm.

This day introduced to the world when in June 29th , 2014 twelve leading tropical research institutes come together and collaborate. The inaugural state of the Tropics report was launched . The report offers some unique perspective for the increasing the importance of these regions .

United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution A/RES/70/267 in 2016, which declared that 29 June of each year is to be observed as the International Day of the Tropics.

The International day of Tropics briefly explained the issues affecting the tropical zone’s all over the world. To raise awareness and important role the countries played to Sustainable goals .

International day of Tropics 2021

As per the state tropics report the theme of this year is “ THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN THE TROPICS ”

With the record of sustainable development goals as well as developmental scope . The biodiversity of these regions are maximum and its loss is also greater there. Tropical regions comprise 98% world’s mangrove forests, and around 99% mangrove species.

Due to the subpolar zone the Sun is directly overhead which is one of the region of extinction of flora and fauna in the Tropics. The region is subjected to myriad and need immediate attention to ensure sustainable development.

More than 50% of renewable water resource could be founded their. But the threat lies which causes eviction of lives in the Tropics.

Importance :

Due to the problems it’s our duty as a human being to spread awareness about the implications in climate changes , deforestation , urbanization , global warming effect the biodiversity and lives in Tropics.

The International day of Tropics organize many events in which people share their stories , events and lives in these areas and formulate strategies to ensure the development of such regions .

You who sacrifice fortunes to see the luxuriance of the tropics or the polar lights of the arctic, must pay more dearly to see the One for whom the luxuriance of the tropics is poverty and the polar lights are a tallow candle.
Nikolaj Velimirović, Prayers by the Lake

Link:

PRIDE MONTH

It takes no compromise to give people their rights…. It takes no money to respect the individual…it takes no political days to give people freedom… it takes no survey to remove repression. – Harvey Milk

Flag with six stripes of Rainbow represent LGBTQ community and it is used to express Pride in this community.

As we all know June is celebrated as pride month.

So what is pride? Pride is about people coming towards to show dignity ,love ,care and affection to everyone. No matter how they look, what is their orientation, what is their gender etc.

we have to be an Ally ,being an means supporting equal rights for everyone- regardless of sexual orientation,race,gender or religion .

Global pride day is celebrated on 28 June.

Pride month dedicated to the LGBTQIA+ community and their right to live a dignified life.
LGBTQ stands for – lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual respectively.

Lesbian refers to a woman who is attracted towards other women.

Gay refers to a man attracted towards other man.

Bisexual refers to the people who sexually or emotionally attracted to both men and women.

Transgender refers to the people whose gender identity or expression differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.

Queer is an umbrella term referring to anyone who is not straight and not cisgender.

Intersex refers to the people who have biological traits such as genetic, hormonal differences that don’t fit in the typical definition of male and female.

Asexual refers to the people who do not experience sexual attraction or sexual interest/ desire for anyone

+ Include at the end of acronym LGBTQIA+ in the condition of the multitude of identities that exist

LGBTQIA + ally is someone who stand up for, support, and encourage this community and try to make the world better place for the people of this community

We have to help, improve their quality of life in any way possible for us…

Lets free flow of colours on to the regular restricted repetitive patterns of society to make it beautiful for everyone……..

Green Economics

Over the past five years or so the issue of climate change has moved from a peripheral concern of scientists and environmentalists to being a central issue in global policy making. It was the realization that the way our economy operates is causing pollution on a scale that threatens our very survival that first motivated the development of a green approach to the economy. We are in an era of declining oil supplies and increased competition for those that
remain. This raises concerns about the future of an economy that is entirely dependent on oil and a wider recognition of the importance of using our limited resources wisely. This was the other motivation for the development of green economics. In addition, green economists have been concerned about the way an economic system based on competition has led to widening inequalities between rich and poor on a global as well as a national scale, and the inevitable tension and conflict this inequality generates.

Green economics is a methodology of economics that supports the harmonious interaction between humans and nature and attempts to meet the needs of both simultaneously. Green economic theories encompass a wide range of ideas all dealing with the interconnected relationship between people and the environment. Green economists assert that the basis for all economic decisions should be in some way tied to the ecosystem, and that natural capital, such as water, gold, natural gas, silver, or oil, etc. and ecological services have economic value.

The term green economics is a broad one but it encompasses any theory that views the economy as a component of the environment in which it is based. The United Nations Environment Program(UNEP) defines a green economy as “low carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive.” As such, green economists generally take a broad and holistic approach to understanding and modeling economies, paying as much attention to the natural resources that fuel the economy as they do to the way the economy itself functions.

While the idea of an equitable economy powered by renewable energy sources is alluring, green economics has its share of critics. They claim that green economics’ attempts to decouple economic growth from environmental destruction have not been very successful. Most economic growth has occurred on the back of non-renewable technologies and energy sources. Weaning the world, especially developing economies, from them requires effort and has not been an entirely successful endeavor. The emphasis on green jobs as a social justice solution is also fallacious, according to some. The raw material for green energy in several cases comes from rare earth minerals mined in inhospitable conditions by workers who are paid cheaply. An example of this is electric car maker Tesla, whose car batteries are made using raw materials mined from Congo, a region wracked by civil war. Another criticism of green economics is that it is focused on a technological approach to solutions and, consequently, its market is dominated by companies with access to the technology.

Trainings and Internships In Technical Fields

In the early days of our university, we will all live in a fantasy world, where we will feel that we have everything we want. The future is bleak If we start the internship after the first year of study, whether it is a remote internship or a full-time internship, this situation can be easily resolved. Choose according to your convenience and university practice.

“Your greatest opportunity may be by your side”-Napoleon Hill

Your interns can choose from several trusted websites such as:

Internshala
Letsintern

In the college, we will have a group of friends and we will be happy to play with them. In the workplace, this may or may not happen, but you have to adapt to the environment as soon as possible to deal with different types of people. I’m sure some companies offer internship extensions and full-time performance based on the attitude of interns, depending on their Attitude Pages An easy process If this is a paid internship, you will understand the value of the funds you have used in the past, which will help you make better use of the economy. During the internship, you will need you to manage your studies, study and test results. Although once you have mastered the multitasking and time management skills that can be solved in real-time with World Problems , the process may seem daunting at first, but if your internship skills are not too passionate for Asmara, then your internship skills are also something Good things signal that they ignored the option very early. Work hard, study, and then forget to make the most of it. Don’t hesitate, don’t be afraid to start again. Because experts say you don’t start from scratch, but from experience.

You can learn how to apply the knowledge you have acquired during an internship to your future workplaces. In addition to this, it is an excellent learning curve for young graduates and students while meeting new people and making connections in the professional world

Sikkim

In the lap of the mighty Himalayas lies the beautiful state of Sikkim. The land-locked state is known for its majestic beauty and serenity. Sikkim is gifted with nature and the culture adds to it in the most majestic ways. It is a place where you can enjoy nature and also indulge in some sports activities. Tsomgo Lake is located in the vicinity of Gangtok and is one of the highest lakes in India. It is a place where you can enjoy nature and also indulge in some sports activities. The Himalayan range is like a cherry on the top of the place called Sikkim.

Climate: Sikkim’s climate ranges from subtropical in the south to tundra in the north. Most of the inhabited regions of Sikkim experience a temperate climate, with temperatures seldom exceeding 28 °C (82 °F) in summer. The average annual temperature for most of Sikkim is around 18 °C (64 °F). As suggested by Sikkim Tourism, the best time to visit Sikkim is either between March and May or October and mid-December.

Places to visit- Tsomgo Lake is a famous lake in Sikkim near the hilly area where you can enjoy the evening with a very beautiful sunset. Zuluk, One of the offbeat Sikkim tourist places, Zuluk is a small village located at a high altitude and has a very empowering history due to its connection with the Silk Route. Gangtok is the capital city of Sikkim and has loads of gems in its kitty; you would be awestruck by the gorgeous silver-fir trees, and mosques. Unlike any other national parks in India, the Singalila is amongst those beautiful places to visit in Sikkim that even a non-wildlife enthusiast would love to explore. Enchey Monastery You won’t believe it but the 19th-century monastery is one of the most popular attractions in Sikkim. the most beautiful statue of Lord Buddha is situated here. Ravangla temple is one of the most famous temples of Sikkim.

Ways to reach– Delhi To Sikkim Train Route: No direct trains are operating between Delhi to Sikkim as the state does not have an operational railhead of its own. The nearest station from Sikkim is New Jalpaiguri (NJP) in Siliguri, West Bengal. The train distance from Delhi to New Jalpaiguri is approximately 1514 kilometres.

The distance between Delhi to Gangtok by Flight is	1128 Kms
Nearest Airport in Gangtok	Bagdogra Airport (27.34, 88.61)

MACHINE LEARNING – THE MIRACLE

In the real world, we are learning new things every day and improving our decision-making skills on the basis of successful decisions in the past. Isn’t this human learning? If we now use computers to fully automate this process, what will it be? This will be machine learning.

Everyday applications

We use it a dozen times a day without even realizing it. Every time you perform a Google search, your machine learning software will figure out how to categorize the pages you want to visit. Also learn that if you read emails from your inbox, the smart spam filter can save you from browsing a lot of spam.

THE TECHNICAL UNDERSTANDING

Recently, Tom Mitchell described machine learning as a computer program. It is said that the program learns from experience E related to task T and performance metric P because its performance in T is improved by the P metric. Experience E Let us give an example of an online chess game, in which each game is a task T, and the process of the game is the experience E. Each game has a final result, which is a performance indicator P. This performance indicator is to win. Probability of a game against a new opponent. Now that the computer has the patience to play tens of thousands of games alone, it can further improve your chances of winning consecutively. Machine learning technology: a brief overview We all know how computers work, we all know How the computer works, we have simplified many operations. Now we are trying to get computers to examine all the macro and micro levels of human thought processes that lead to multiple decision-making skills. By developing truly intelligent machines, we can do almost anything you and I can do. This work consists of complex algorithms and functions of artificial intelligence applications running in expert systems. With every action you take, the computer will learn self-learning and self-esteem through progressive, keen, and precise decision-making skills. The computer learns to remember a past experience and process them according to the archived tasks and the resulting performance level. Development of actions/results in a specific context or situation.

FUTURE ASPECTS AND THE SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT

Machine learning is not limited to Google search or Amazon prediction. It is widely used in medical diagnosis, where tiny patterns are revealed to predict disease. Machine learning can have a positive impact on treatment and subsequent procedure decisions. Financial transactions, data mining, fraud detection, speech recognition, spam prevention, and language translation are some other areas where machine learning is used. The company uses the technology to predict the relevance of products based on the collected data. Let us see what machine learning can bring to the future. A fully functional self-driving car is expected to be available at the end of 2018. Natural language processing has developed a subset of machine learning so that students can improve search results and translations based on the search context. It will also help digital assistants like Siri interact with Humans On Cyber Security Front, a machine learning model that can analyze the structure of inbound or outbound traffic to detect and stop suspicious before continuing damage occurs. activity. Decisions and code changes can be made without explicit programming, which makes machine learning an inevitable trend now and in the future.

The Rise Of Hallyu

The Korean Wave or as it is more popularly known the ‘Hallyu Wave’ is the rise in the popularity of South Korean culture globally.

The word ‘Hallyu’ finds its origin in the chinese word Hanryu meaning “Korean wave”. The Korean wave refers to a global awareness of several aspects of South Korean culture, such as television and film (especially “K-dramas”), K-pop, manhwa, the Korean language, and Korean food.

Hallyu first started gaining prominence in the 1990s and was originally only limited to Japan and China. That all changed with one movie. Released in 1999, ‘Swiri’ is a North Korea/South Korea espionage film. The film was not only popular in China and Japan but soon gained popularity in several South East Asian countries as well. This momentum was carried forward with dramas such as ‘Autumn In My Heart’ and ‘Winter Sonata’ and films like ‘My Sassy Girl’. The popularity of these entertainment products generated a lot of hype about Korean culture’s exploding prominence.

The Korean government’s decision to relax the prohibition on Koreans travelling abroad in the early 1990s was perhaps the most crucial element that ultimately paved the way for Hallyu. This allowed a number of Koreans to go to the western world, primarily the United States and Europe. These western-educated Koreans carried with them new business approaches, new nuances and interpretations of art, movies, and music, as well as new means of expression. This resulted in a massive pool of young, energetic, and highly competent people eager to explore prospects in Korea.

At the same time when the restrictions were repealed, Asia (including Korea) was experiencing the terrible Asian financial crisis of 1997-98. The Asian financial crisis was a perfect storm of bad debt, lender anxiety, and regional economic difficulties.Because many worldwide stakeholders still felt Korea was in terrible health after the crisis, the nation lost foreign direct investments, tourism, and faced global mistrust. To address the issue, the then newly elected president Kim Dae-Jung and the Korean head of global PR agency Edelman co-authored a book geared towards foreign investors titled “Korea: On Course – and Open for Business.”

Since the 2000s, the Korean Wave has seen a steady increase in popularity but that all changed with the growing use of the internet and social media. Hallyu has been spreading for over 20 years, but K-pop in particular has grown more visible to worldwide audiences in the last five to ten years. K-pop is a noticeable and distinct addition to the domain of pop music for three reasons: very high-quality performance (particularly dancing), an exceedingly perfected aesthetic, and a “in-house” technique of studio production. The international breakthrough of “Gangnam Style” was followed by a boom of K-Pop idol groups such as Big Bang, Girls’ Generation, 2PM, EXO, Wanna One, BTS, Twice and Blackpink.

Korean films and filmmakers have increasingly piqued the curiosity of international cinema communities. Train to Busan, has gained international acclaim as a must-see Korean film due to its intriguing subject matter and good narrative structure.Films such as ‘Parasite’ and ‘Minari’ have won several accolades worldwide.

Korean skincare products have also grown in popularity throughout Asia. Amorepacific and LG Household & Health Care have risen to the top of the Asia-Pacific beauty industry. K-dramas and K-pop boosted exposure of Korean beauty goods and brands, which increased demand among Indian women, resulting in the establishment of several specialist e-commerce businesses. Korean consumer brands are expected to be in great demand in India by 2020, with items ranging from food to cosmetics and toys, in addition to household gadgets.

The Korean Wave’s budding global surge has not only boosted South Korea’s economy but also enhanced its soft power and cultural diplomacy. People all over the world are interested in the Korean Wave’s future because the continued flourishing of a local culture in global cultural marketplaces might send an inspirational message of acceptance and inclusiveness. The Korean Wave’s rise may also be an indication of changing relations between Western and non-Western cultures.

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

IAEA • International organization -promote the
peaceful use of nuclear energy.

• Inhibits the use of nuclear energy for any military purpose.

• Autonomous organization – 29 July 1957.

• Established independently of the United Nations
-IAEA Statute.

• Still reports -United Nations General Assembly
and Security Council.

Offices

• Headquarters – Vienna, Austria.

• Regional Safeguards Offices- Toronto, Canada,
and in Tokyo, Japan.

• Liaison offices -New York City, United States, and in Geneva, Switzerland.

• Laboratories and research centers.

Significance

• Intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation -peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power.

• Development of peaceful applications of nuclear
energy and science and technology.

• Provide international safeguards against misuse
of nuclear technology and nuclear materials.

• Promote nuclear safety (radiation protection)
and nuclear security standards and their
implementation.

Members.

• IAEA – 173 member (April 2021).

• India became a member in 1957 itself.

10 countries that are open to Indian travellers right now

01. 10 countries that are open to Indian travellers right now
As India was struggling with the second wave of Coronavirus, many countries restricted entry of Indian travellers to their countries. However, with the cases gradually declining now, and with the threat of a third wave looming at large, it is advisable that one travels with caution. Subject to certain conditions, some foreign countries are now opening to Indian travellers; however, those arriving from India will either have to provide a negative RT-PCR report, or will be required to undergo quarantine there.So, if you are keen to pack your bags once again, here is a list of 10 countries that are open to Indian travellers right now.

02. Russia
Russia recently resumed flight operations in a move to revive its tourism industry. Travellers will, however, be required to carry a negative RT-PCR test result, which must be issued not less than 72 hours before their arrival. Note, antibody tests will not be accepted.

03. Turkey
It’s mandatory to carry a negative PCR test result to travel to Turkey. The test must have been conducted not more than 72 hours before boarding their flight. Also, travellers will have to undergo quarantine for 14 days in locations determined by Turkish authorities. One may also be subjected to random PCR testing upon their arrival.

04. Iceland
All travellers ‘regardless of their origin’ can now visit Iceland. A proof of previous infection and recovery or certificate of vaccination (Covishield in India’s case) will even exempt one from providing a negative PCR-test result. However, all travellers will be required to undergo a COVID screening upon arrival, without any exceptions. Travellers will be required to undergo quarantine till one takes another test five days later. If that test result comes negative, your quarantine period will also end.

05. Serbia
Serbia’s doors are also open for Indian travellers. But, unlike most countries, where travellers are required to show a negative RT-PCR report, which is less than 72 hours older prior to boarding their flight, Serbia requires one to provide a report that is no older than 48 hours for entry.

06. Egypt
Indians can now travel to Egypt, although the number of flights to the country has been reduced. However, you will need to produce an RT-PCR test report that is not older than 72 hours prior to arrival. Travellers are expected to undergo quarantine at their place of stay till they receive a negative test result.

07. Uzbekistan
If you want to holiday in Uzbekistan this year, along with providing a negative RT-PCR test report that is not older than 72 hours prior to arrival, they will also be required to undergo quarantine for 14 days.

08.Afghanistan
Indians will need to produce a negative RT-PCR test report that should not be older than 72 hours prior to arrival, to travel to this landlocked country. However, it is advised that travellers should avoid travelling to Kabul for the next few weeks, owing to the rise of COVID cases in the capital city.

09. South Africa
All you need to visit this destination is an RT-PCR test report, which should not be older than 72 hours prior to arrival. As per the reports, if those arriving in South Africa fail to present their negative PCR test as the certificate of proof, they will need to self-quarantine at their own expense.

10. Costa Rica
Indians can now travel to Costa Rica, and will neither need a vaccination certificate or an RT-PCR test report. However, do note that travellers will have to fill out a health pass form upon arrival at the rainforested Central American country.

COUNTERING THE NEXT WAVE of covid -19

News

• State preparedness to manage the possible third wave of Covid-19 .

• Provides a real time analysis of data – few
suggestions and strategies for effective management
Delhi Administration’s policy responses .

• In January 2021 – first wave subsides – the need for hospitalisation of covid-19 patients fell drastically.
 Delhi administration was using less than 20% of its bed capacity.

• In February 2021 – Delhi Government reduced the bed capacity to the level of just above 5,000
• In March 2021 – health system collapsed – increase in the number of covid-19 cases hit by the second wave of pandemic.

• In April 2021 – bed occupancy went from 33%
to over 90%
 Government – increased its bed capacity – could not keep pace with the rise in covid
cases .

• In May 2021 – utilisation of government hospital beds went rapidly back to 30%
 Many other areas in the country were experiencing a rise in cases.

Inference

• COVID-19 waves require the health infrastructure to be elastic .

• Demand for COVID-19-specific health infrastructure is spatially varied – health
capacity at a fixed location will not be sufficient.

• Conveys the difficulty that several administrations in the country face
 Hard to increase the capacity in response to the kind of surge – in April 2021
 Key health infrastructures don’t exist in all areas in our country

Real time analysis of data .

• 145 districts – accounted for 75% of the cases during the 1st wave – Same accounted
for up to 80% of cases during the 2nd wave.
 Permanently at risk Districts – districts that were hit by the 1st wave, affected in the 2nd wave to a greater extent
 Population size, density and mobility make them prone to rapid spread.
 Need reserve capacity and resources to be expanded – prevent any risk associated
with possible 3rd wave

Suggestions

• Mobility framework – capacity to move healthcare facilities from one area to another
 Identify what resources can be moved – based on mobility costs and supply elasticity.

• Policy innovations in three areas
 Personnel management – Inducting trained final year medicine and nursing students – Rehiring of retired medical personnel – use
paramedical workers
 Resources with high mobility costs need to be evenly distributed – ensure equity in access in poorly served areas
 Spatial equity
 Expanding the health infrastructure covering all regions
 Providing accessibility through enhanced regional and area connectivity .

• Leads to sharing of resources within the country – reduces inaccessibility and
inequity.
• Efficiency of resource-sharing increases with the
area of coverage.
 States or districts – benefits of resource sharing is larger – coordinate and build trust
among themselves.

• Greater institutional coordination for a long run is
necessary
 Bodies such as the National Disaster Management Authority and the NITI Aayog could play a vital role.

AN ANLYSIS ON OVERALL GROWTH IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY [2020-2021]

The following research paper discuses about the various aspects of the Indian economy, GDP, Economic slowdown etc. The COVID-19 pandemic ensued global economic downturn, the most severe one since the Global Financial Crisis. The lockdowns and social distancing norms brought the already slowing global economy to a standstill. Global economic output estimated to fall by 3.5% in 2020 (IMF January 2021 estimates).Governments and national banks across the globe conveyed different arrangement instruments to help their economies, for example, bringing down strategy rates, quantitative facilitating measures, and so forth India received a four-column methodology of control, financial, monetary, and long haul underlying changes: Calibrated financial and money related help was given, padding the defenseless during the lockdown and boosting utilization and speculation.

PRICES AND INFLATION

Averaged 6.6% during April-December, 2020 and remained at 4.6% in December, 2020, principally determined by ascend in food swelling (from 6.7% in 2019-20 to 9.1% during April-December, 2020, attributable to develop in vegetable costs) CPI feature and its sub gatherings saw swelling during April-October 2020, driven by significant expansion in value energy – because of the underlying interruptions brought about by COVID-19 lockdown Moderated value force by November 2020 for most sub gatherings, combined with positive base impact.

Sustainable Development and Climate Change

Voluntary National Review (VNR) presented to the United Nations High-Level Political Forum
(HLPF) on Sustainable Development . Limitation of SDGs is significant to any methodology pointed toward accomplishing the objectives under the 2030 Agenda. Sustainable advancement remains center to the improvement technique regardless of the remarkable COVID-19 pandemic emergency .Eight National Missions under National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) zeroed in on the targets of variation, relief and readiness on environment chances. India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) states that money is a basic empowering influence of environment change activity . The financing contemplations will subsequently stay basic particularly as the nation ventures up the objectives considerably .The objective of mutually preparing US$ 100 billion every year by 2020 for environment financing by the created nations has stayed tricky.

GDP

India’s real GDP has recorded a growth of 11 per cent in 2021-22 and the nominal GDP by 15.4 per cent- which has been the the highest since independence. The V-shaped economic recovery is supported by the initiation of a mega vaccination drives with the hopes of a robust recovery in the services sector and prospects for robust growth in consumption and investment. The Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Economic Survey 2020-21 in Parliament, which stated that the rebound will be led by the low base and continued normalization in economic activities as the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines gathers traction. The fundamentals of the economy remain strong as gradual scaling back of lockdowns along with the astute support of Atmanirbhar.

Conclusion

India has evolved through the pandemic on the back of strong policy initiatives by the government, along with an optimistic outlook for economic recovery. India has administered ~4 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines in two weeks since January 16, 2021, becoming the fifth-largest inoculated country globally. India has become the world’s vaccine hub and extended support to 90+ countries seeking to stock up vaccines.

Since March 2020, early lockdown, health-infra ramp-up, incremental unlocking, blanket testing, social distancing, tailored fiscal stimulus (to reduce supply-side disruptions and revive demand) and structural reforms initiated by the government have helped restrict the fatality rate in India to 1.2%—one of the lowest in the world. India is emerging as the world’s fastest-growing major economy, with the IMF holding its growth forecasts as high as 6.8% for FY23. Also, the Economic Survey 2020-21 has drawn attention to the V-shaped economic growth—a testament to the burgeoning Indian economy and its intrinsic strength. India is not yet out of the danger of the pandemic. Social distancing continues to be the most effective tool to combat the pandemic as activity levels continue to rise in the economy boosted by the rapidly escalating inoculation drive in the country. Infrastructure to boost sectors to grow with unlocking of economy Terming investment in infrastructure “quintessential” to boost growth, the Economic Survey on Friday said post unlocking of the economy, infra sectors are poised for growth and construction of roads is expected to return to the high pace attained before COVID-19. The infrastructure sector will be the key to overall economic growth and macroeconomic stability, the Survey said emphasizing that the year after the crisis (2021-22) will require sustained and calibrated measures to facilitate the process of economic recovery and enable the economy to get back on its long term growth trajectory.

Sigmund Freud: II

Please ensure to read the Part I of my section on Freud.

3 Psychic Zones, Id, Ego, Super Ego. [Butter paper effect – Conscious Subconscious and Id (entirely unconscious),Ego, Super Ego (slightly conscious]) Reservoir – primes source of psychic energy, place where Libido exists, exists or function according to the pleasure principle, wants to fulfil its needs, characterised by great amount of vitality and energy, very amorphous zone, “Obscure inaudible past of our personality .. in accordance with the pleasure principle”. Needs and instincts to fulfil these needs, no morality/values/good/evil, nothing, source of aggression/desires/ deep rooted impulses, lawless, no social cues reckon by Id, function to gratify instincts without any implication of ones action, and if not kept under control and could be taken to any level, self destructive, satisfy for pleasure for the self, to gratify its instincts. Ego, a regulating agency; individual protective in certain way, a rational, governing agent of the psychic. All those needs may be released, in specific ways, the ego will control the id such that we don’t indulge in destructive ways, the untrained id is kept aside by ego governed by reality Principe; regulated by the Outer World. Super go – values like morality, notions of right and wrong, moral senses, reckons moral restriction and plays an important role in the drives and thrusting them back to the unconscious, and so you can’t be overly aggressive – a parental influence of mind and that good things would be rewarding and bad be punished, morality principles. Passes by phase of erotic development; phased passed erogenous zones, the oral the anal and the genital – not only just pleasure, but processes, eating – oral, elimination with anal and reproduction with genital. Pleasure and need quiet new with infant and children – Freud said it. Your gratification if frustrated, your development can be arrested, stuck/fixated unbalanced a phase, and fixation can manifest itself very significantly in your personality – Castration – Castration anxiety.

Dreams – recurring but sometimes what we commonly see – flying/falling(edge of a cliff)/drowning/running – being chased/ dead people coming back and taking to them that feels real – Freud talks about this entire world of dreams.

JOKES and their IMPACT

Hellooo guys!!,today’s topic is the joke ,don’t think I am pranking you guys, literally I am going to write about “JOKE”

SO starting todays article with a “joke” as the title says.

Whoever said nothing is impossible is a liar. I’ve been doing nothing for years.><
THE THOUGHT CLUB

What do you guys think when you hear this word “JOKE”

JOKE IS DIRECTED TOWARDS A PERSON,SUBJECT,OBJECT,SITUATION.

A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is usually not meant to be taken seriously.
-Wikipedia

A JOKE CAN BE HUMOUR,PUN ,OR A TEASE

JOKES CAN BE SARCASTIC,SAVAGE,PUN,SENTIMENTAL.EVEN LIFE LESSONS CAN BE LEARNT THROUGH THEM.

Jokes present a funny situation ,but they also make us think about it, interesting isn’t it.

JOKES WHICH ARE MADE ON THE SPOT ARE EVEN MORE FUNNIER AS THEY RELATE TO THE SITUATION PRESENT THERE.

The punchlines are what jokes are mainly made up of the whole joe surround that particular line, whether it will be funny or not it depends on them.

We make jokes when we want to get out of awkward situation, or when teasing someone, or to criticize some one.

we make jokes so there can be a relaxed atmosphere, it binds people closer, jokes that bring a smile on your face, they can make your sad day a happy day.

Reading or listening to jokes can make one stress free, they bring out the joy that is hiding .Jokes make our mood lighter.

Jokes that we read mostly portrays our real life situation which makes them more funnier as we also realize that the the routine which is depicted there is very true and connects to many people.

There are many benefits of jokes,

Jokes make us laugh and in turn it triggers the endorphins which brings calmness to our nerves ,releases pain and makes us stress free.

But sometime jokes can hurt the others feeling too. We should not joke on somebody thoughtlessly cause its fun to you, we should consider the other person’s situation, and take their state of mind ,and relevance to the situation, their emotional status and your personal rapport with them into account so that the other person is not feeling uncomfortable and is actually willing to accept the jokes.

Making jokes without considering their privacy, and thoughtlessly intruding into their personal life cannot be considered as joke but an insult. You cannot make a joke out of every situation, there should be a certain time, environment and mood to be considered.

Jokes can not only sweeten the relationship between people often they can sour, and sever the bonds.

Jokes made without crossing the borders that is what we should aim for so that the other people can think they can confide their serious problems and ask for their solution optimistically as you would be a person who knows when to joke and when you shouldn’t.

And today’s joke of the day is I wrote an serious article on joke><. Thankyou^^

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Introduction

What is tropic day and why we celebrate it ?

International day of Tropics 2021

Importance :

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