Cover letter is nothing but a document sent along with the resume. A good cover letter persuade the officer to read your resume. It will convey why exactly you should be hired to the job and your experiences and skills. The length of the cover letter has to be very short. Make sure you have pointed all the details in a crisp manner. Not more than one paragraph is needed to make an excellent cover letter. Try not to drag it with unnecessary details. You just have to high light your experience and skills and mainly, explain why you are the best for the particular post. Remember your cover letter is read along with thousands of other applicants. So it is important to make yours stand out from the rest. Do not beat around the bush and get straight in to the point. Since you are attaching your detailed resume along with it, you only need to communicate what you think is necessary and important. Before starting to write it, keep in mind that the cover letter should be in such a way that it has to persuade the officer to read your resume.

A cover letter usually contains following elements,

1.Salutation. Use ‘dear’ instead of ‘respected’. The use of respected in salutation is out dated and will not make a good impression. If you know the name of the officer, then it is better to write that in salutation. Other wise you can use ‘sir/ma’am’ or ‘to whoever it may concern’.

2. Self introduction. This is the area where you can share your details to the officer. Make sure all the details written are correct. Mention the information that is relevant to the job. You don’t need to add your family’s occupation and status. Write about yourself in a short manner. Always start the self introduction using terms like “I am writing this in reference to..”, “I would like to apply for the position for…”

3. Experience. In this section, you are supposed to write about your work experiences. Here again, you don’t need to add unnecessary experiences which are not related to the job you are looking for. The past experiences can prove that you know the industry well and you are trained effectively.

4. Goals/Aspirations. In this part you can convey your long term goals and aspirations and how you are going to achieve it. It should be written so well in order to create an impression about you.

5.Ending phrase. Always end with phrases like “yours sincerely” or “with regards”.

In the twenty year old Augusta Westland bribery case, the special CBI bench awarded 4 year jail term and one lakh rupees fine to the three accused, including former Samta Party president Jaya Jaitley.

Jaya Jaitley, her former colleague Gopal Pacherwak and Major General (retired) S.P Murgai found guilty of corruption and criminal conspiracy. The proceeding of the case was held on camera.

The court observed that the three accused, along with Surender Kumar Surekha who later turned an approver, were a party to the criminal conspiracy.

The CBI court held that,”from the evidence lead by the prosecution it is proved beyond doubt that in the meeting in the hotel room on December 25, 2000, Surekha and Murgai assured their assistance to Samuel in procuring letter of evaluation for the product of his company from the Ministry of Defence and also to arrange a meeting between him and accused Jaya Jaitly who would provide political cover to them in this regard.”

Operation Westend

A news portal tehelka.com aired a sting operation, ”Operation Westend” in January 2001. The sting showed the accused purportedly accepting a bribe from reporters of the portal, who posed as representatives of a fictitious company, for supply orders for hand-held thermal imagers from the Indian Army.

The meetings took place in the official residence of the then defence minister George Fernandes under the BJP-led NDA government. The sting caused a massive uproar and Fernandes was forced to resign from his post. Though later his name was cleared by the Phukan Committee.

The chargesheet against Jaya Jaitley and other two was filed in 2006 and the charges were framed in 2012.

the indian railways has been the life line of the counrty as it takes the the burden of atleast 90 percent of the population its the 3rd most largest indian company that has immsense number of empoyess so it has both the significance of the increasing the country growth and maintaiing the standard of life by providing large number of jobs in the country . in the time of the pandemic the indian railways has faced huge shortage of the revennue generation altouhgh it was in debt again it has gone and yet suviving in the worst conditions . the railways ministry has teminted all the type of the passenger trains and only few special trains arerunning to make eefctive the lockdown machinerey in the country . coming toward the other side we had all witnnesed the railways was always in the burden of the loss and the pandemic hs added oil in that fire .there is loss of around 35000 crore from the passenger train in finncial year 2021 .

Currently, Indian Railways is operating only 230 special trains, with an overall occupancy of 75%. According to railway ministry data, only a fourth of these trains have an occupancy rate of 100%. A rapid rise in covid-19 cases and the nationwide lockdown have forced the national transporter to put off plans to introduce more trains.

“Passenger segment is not doing well. We are running only 230 trains and these trains are not fully occupied. Overall occupancy is 75%. Earnings from the passenger segment was ₹ 50,000 crore (last year). We don’t know how the corona situation will unfold,” railway board chairman Vinod Kumar Yadav said in a virtual briefing.https://68ad5308c261d508f471ca2dbe282581.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-37/html/container.html

Yadav said the railways is banking on its freight revenue this fiscal, expecting freight earnings to jump 50% from the previous year.

“But certainly, the passenger segment earnings will be less. We are expecting passenger segment earnings to be 10-15% only. Whatever we will lose from this segment— ₹30,000-35,000 crore—we will have to make it up from freight. That is the target we are keeping,” he said.

The national transporter pegged earnings from freight at ₹1.47 trillion for 2020-21, while passenger revenue is estimated to grow to ₹61,000 crore, according to budget estimates. Railway ministry officials said that these estimates are being re-worked due to the disruption caused by the lockdown. Freight revenue declined close to a third during the first quarter of the financial year 2020-21 at ₹22,266 crore. In terms of volume, it was down 21.4% year-on-year to 241.55 million tonne (mt). Yadav did not disclose fresh targets.

As we all know communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, suggestion between two or more people with the help of a medium. Formal or informal, there are some rules that we are supposed to obey while communicating to someone. There are 7’c of communication that explains and guides the whole process. Communication is said to be complete and effective only when these seven C’s are maintained. The seven C’s include clear, concise, correct, complete, coherent, courteous, concrete and correct.

1. CLEAR- The message in the communication has to be clear. The communication will be completed only when the listener understands the message being given by the sender. The sender has to have a clear idea about what he is going to communicate. Identify the goal of the message.
2. CONCISE- Always try to make your message crisp and short. Nobody likes to read lengthy messages that are irrelevant. Do not beat around the bush and get to the point straightly. Avoid using unnecessary phrases, words and sentences. Try to form your messages with limited use of words.
3. CORRECT- Before sending the message, make sure the content is correct and accurate. Do not communicate the message you are not sure with. It may lead to further confusion. Always double check your message before sending and, make sure whatever you have conveyed is true and accurate.
4. CONCRETE- Your message should always be specific and up to the point. There is no need of adding details which are not necessary. Keep your content only with the essential details. Add only the information which you think is needed and unavoidable.
5. COMPLETE- Make sure the message you have conveyed includes all the elements that needed. If the message is not complete, then the listener may not be able to get the clear idea about the content and can misunderstand the whole message. It is important to make the listener understand all the message that he needs to be informed.
6. CONSIDERATION- It is nothing but ‘getting into the shoes of others’. While you make a communication, consider the listeners state of mind, attitude and their view points. Make sure the listener is able to understand what you are implying and also are not hurt by your message and way of speaking.
7. COURTEOUS- It implies that the communicator has to be very polite with his message and should convey his content without hurting the listener.

Today,

In India we all are facing with one huge problem.

We are facing or living together with a small virus which we can’t see with our naked eyes.

It is spreading through air ,biogas,what not everything, everywhere it is spreading.

In our India the most dangerous state know is Maharashtra.

In Delhi which is our capital where the people are coming together there we can see the virus.

So please stay at home stay safe and mind the social distancing and safe our India.

Let’s fight together..

Acid attack in women is a burning issue in the present scenario. It is the most heinous form of violence against women. Perpetrator’s aim is not to kill the victim but to leave her in a pathetic condition. Injuries on the body heal and leave scars not only on the body but also physically and psychologically the whole personality of the survivor affected. Male victims were commonly affected in most of the countries, but in Bangladesh, Taiwan, Cambodia, and the USA (Newyork), females were the most common victim.[1] Violence against women has become a critical issue of discussion at every platform in recent world.
Despite the existing laws and banning of over counter sale of acid, this horrific crime has been on the rampant rise in India . Compared to women throughout the world, women in India are at higher risk of being victims of acid attacks, 72% of reported acid attacks in India have involved women. The one-sided affairs often faced denial from women and thus hit the ego of men. Females are usually considered as a second-class citizen in this male dominant society, influenced by cultural and social norms. These norms award
males to be aggressive, powerful, controlling and thus contribute to a social acceptance of dominant part of our society. Ignorance and justification of sex-linked offenses by our society are also precipitating factor for such heinous crime. In rural India, Indian mythology and scriptures, which teach a woman to respect and obey their male counterpart, such as a woman should eat only after him, should walk behind him in public, etc., are prevalent,
unlike the urban areas. When these people migrate to urban areas, these male individuals are more reluctant to accept the equality of gender and often indulged in these types of
cold premeditated assault. Besides, its easy availability and illegal sale of acids over-the-counter are also some additional contributory factors. ] In some cases, jealousy of these perpetrators has crossed to such extent that they throw or pour acid over the genital region. These cases were also associated with the sexual assault. Physical damages are repairable but the damages, which are inflicted over emotions of the victim, completely destroyed the hopes and dreams of her innocent mind. Acid attack is a deadly nuisance against her alluring appeal. It destroyed her identity, self-esteem, and
confidence immediately and on the long-term prevalent stigma of justifying the violence against women, forces her to live a life of socialeconomic sequestration. Level of
this stigma is so strong that their faces not only become roadblocks to the social life but also a major brunt on their livelihood . Hence this is a major problem of todays era and a change is to be brought about this henious crime in our society and it will only be possible with cooperation of all excluding none .

Equal rights and opportunities to girls and boys in the society is what we know as gender equality. This is being practised since ages and such inequalities have been seen in our day to day life in our own homes, in communities in which we live. Usually people assume the unequal responsibility for example, household works are made only for the women and even if she is working, she is responsible for all the household works and if she fails to maintain both works simultaneously, she fails as an idol woman in the society. This example is of modern India where women are allowed to work but in this modern India there are vital places, where people do not even allow women to have basic education or to even step out of their houses. Such practices are also common in education system which we follow. girl’s education is highly neglected as a result nearly 1 in 4 girls between the ages of 15 to 19 are neither employed nor educated as when compared to 1 in 10 boys. Gender inequality in its most subtle form, turned violent when, some 1 in 20 girls between the age of 15-19 experienced forced sex. Adolescent girls face the highest risk of gender-based violence. Hundreds and millions of girls worldwide are still subjected to the child marriage and also female genital mutilation, even after both of these are internationally recognized as the human rights violation acts. And violence can also occur at birth, like there are many places where female infanticide is persistent. Government and law have taken major steps to stop such practices in India and one of them was this act on equality which enforced a sense of equality in the country which is known as the Equality Act. The objective of the given act is to clearly prevent gender-based discrimination and also to promote a sense of equality among both men and women and thereby, improving the status of the women particularly in their home and their working life. Another objective of the given act is to prevent discrimination which is based on the identity or gender identity of the person. The equality act tries to prohibit the discrimination which is based on the gender roles and the expression of the gender. Both the direct and the indirect gender discrimination is prohibited, and as sexual and gender biases harassment under the law. Such prohibition is generally applicable all over the India it means it applies to all societal activities and areas of life. This act has specific provisions on the discrimination on the working life educational institutions and interest groups. It includes the quota provisions, which applies not only to the state-administration committees but also to the advisory board. India’s progress towards gender equality is measured by its position in the rankings such as in gender development index, and as such it has been disappointing. In past decades, while the Indian GDP has seen a growth there has been a great decline in the female labour force participation that was around from34% to 27%. The wage gap has been 50%. And not only this crime against women has also shown an upward trend in the society. Despite all the hurdles and denial of the equal rights, girls never stopped believing in themselves. But when the signing of the Beijing declaration took place in 1995 the agenda for gender equality, then was when the world has seen uneven progress. After this, more and more girls are attending the school and fewer of the girls are getting married at an early age. After this still discrimination and limiting the stereotypes remain life, many new changes like technological and humanitarian changes are confronting girls with new challenges, while the old ones like violence, institutionalized biases, poor life opportunities are still persistent. This is the reason why girls from all over the world are raising their voices against the inequalities and these girl led movements are degrading child marriages and demanding action on climate change and a trial in the fields of science, technology, engineering and maths that is STEM and are asserting their power as global change makers. There are many Institutions which are working for betterment or promotion of gender equality in India some of them are as follows: 1) AKSHARA: The aim is to form a gender just society by empowering young girls, educating the society and encouraging the government and the state to create a safe city for the women. It is an non profit organisation which works towards the enhancing of social consciousness on gender inequality it has recognized that giving women the power to stand up is essential to ensure a gender equal atmosphere in the society. 2) GENDER AT WORK: This organisation has a global presence in more than 5 countries and it has been building equality and improving gender equality at work and adding respect to the world that values and respects the women. The organization supports different organizations and tries to promote social justice and gender equality in the world 3) COMMIT TO CHANGE: C2C tries to transform the lives of the girls who are orphan through power of education. They strongly believe that education can uncover different options for a brighter future. Through the different educational and life skills programming this organisation tries to provide girls the tools to reclaim different worth and uplift their community. 4) CORO: It works towards a society which is based on the equality and the justice for both women and men in the society and also empowers leaders to steer a collective action for social change. It has been able to mobilise hundreds of people to join this moment for better future of the society. It has 6 main objectives which are empower women, aid people, defend human rights, holding the system liable, empower youth and improve people’s quality of life.

5) AYZH: the main focus of AYZH is to provide women with all the healthcare and sanitary products to protect themselves against any infectious and harmful diseases and also allowing them to continue to be as productive as possible in their lives. It was established to prevent many deaths which were avoidable and to promote education of women on how to remain safe and sound. They also employ women to create their products like sanitary napkins, birth kits etc. Therefore, we as a society can make this world a better place to live not for only women but for everyone. As, we were born same just a mere difference of sex cannot decide who is liable to live a better life. And there are many institutions who are trying to promote equality we should try to contribute to such institutions to our fullest.

Gender equality is at the very heart of United Nations values. Equality between men and women has been among the most fundamental guarantees of human rights and a fundamental principle of the United Nations Charter adopted by world leaders in 1945 is “equal rights of men and women“, and protecting and promoting women’s human rights is the responsibility of all States. Yet millions of women around the world continue to experience discrimination: Economic and social discrimination results in fewer and poorer life choices for women, rendering them vulnerable to trafficking, Gender-based violence affects at least 30% of women globally, Women are denied their sexual and reproductive health rights, Women human rights defenders are ostracized by their communities and seen as a threat to religion, honor or culture, Women’s crucial role in peace and security is often overlooked, as are the particular risks they face in conflict situations. Despite great strides made by the international women’s rights movement over many years, women and girls around the world are still married as children or trafficked into forced labor and sex slavery. They are refused access to education and political participation, and some are trapped in conflicts where rape is perpetrated as a weapon of war. Around the world, deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth are needlessly high, and women are prevented from making deeply personal choices in their private lives. Women in ancient India enjoyed equal status and rights with men in all fields of life; they were educated; they married at a mature age and were probably free to choose their husbands. During the medieval period, the Indian woman’s position in the society deteriorated. During the British rule many reformers fought for the social and economic upliftment of the women. Traditions such as Sati, Jauhar and Devadasis were banned. Today, whether it is health, education, mortality rate or any other development parameter, women of India are on very weak footing. Despite efforts to raise the social status of women for more than a century, India still ranks low on gender equity. To stop violence and discrimination against women, Every state is working over the issue and making enactments to procure the rights of women and to help them achieving the equal status. That’s why it’s important to have Women’s Rights in the society. For example in India there are certain laws for women such as : Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act: A comprehensive legislation is essential to protect Indian women from different types of domestic violence. It ensures protection for women who are in a relationship and are subjected to constant physical, mental, sexual, verbal and emotional violence. Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act: It helps in protecting women from trafficking for the purpose of prostitution as an organised means of living. Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act: It prevents improper representation of women via any advertisement or in publications, writings, paintings, figures or in any other manner. Dowry Prohibition Act: It prohibits the giving or taking of dowry at or before or any time after the marriage from women. Maternity Benefit Act: This ensures that women working in establishments for decided time (both before and after childbirth) are entitled to maternity and other benefits. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act: This allows the termination of certain cases of pregnancies by registered doctors on humanitarian and medical grounds. Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act: This will prevent of sex selection before or after a woman conceives. This will reduce unwanted and illegal abortions in the country. Equal Remuneration Act: This ensures payment of equal remuneration to both men and women workers for the same work or work of a similar nature. In the context of recruitment and service conditions, there will be no discrimination on the basis of gender. Family Courts Act: It provides for the establishment of Family Courts for speedy settlement of family disputes. Legal Services Authorities Act: This provides for free legal services to Indian women. Hindu Marriage Act: This has been instrumental in introducing monogamy and allowed divorce on certain specified grounds. This law has helped in bringing Indian man and woman on the same platform in terms of marriage and divorce. Hindu Succession Act: This recognizes the right of women to inherit parental property equally with men. Minimum Wages Act: This does not allow discrimination between male and female workers or different minimum wages for them. Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act: This will make provisions that there is no sexual harassment against women at workplaces both in public and private sector.