Finance Commission

What is the Finance Commission?

The Finance Commission is a constitutional body formed every five years to give suggestions on centre-state financial relations. Each Finance Commission is required to make recommendations on: (i) sharing of central taxes with states, (ii) distribution of central grants to states, (iii) measures to improve the finances of states to supplement the resources of panchayats and municipalities, and (iv) any other matter referred to it.


Composition of transfers:

The central taxes devolved to states are untied funds, and states can spend them according to their discretion. Over the years, tax devolved to states has constituted over 80% of the total central transfers to states. The centre also provides grants to states and local bodies which must be used for specified purposes. These grants have ranged between 12% to 19% of the total transfers.

Over the years the core mandate of the Commission has remained unchanged, though it has been given the additional responsibility of examining various issues. For instance, the 12th Finance Commission evaluated the fiscal position of states and offered relief to those that enacted their Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management laws. The 13th and the 14th Finance Commission assessed the impact of GST on the economy. The 13th Finance Commission also incentivised states to increase forest cover by providing additional grants.
15th Finance Commission: The 15th Finance Commission constituted in November 2017 will recommend central transfers to states. It has also been mandated to: (i) review the impact of the 14th Finance Commission recommendations on the fiscal position of the centre; (ii) review the debt level of the centre and states, and recommend a roadmap; (iii) study the impact of GST on the economy; and (iv) recommend performance-based incentives for states based on their efforts to control population, promote ease of doing business, and control expenditure on populist measures, among others.


Why is there a need for a Finance Commission?
The Indian federal system allows for the division of power and responsibilities between the centre and states. Correspondingly, the taxation powers are also broadly divided between the centre and states. State legislatures may devolve some of their taxation powers to local bodies.

The centre collects majority of the tax revenue as it enjoys scale economies in the collection of certain taxes. States have the responsibility of delivering public goods in their areas due to their proximity to local issues and needs.
Sometimes, this leads to states incurring expenditures higher than the revenue generated by them. Further, due to vast regional disparities some states are unable to raise adequate resources as compared to others. To address these imbalances, the Finance Commission recommends the extent of central funds to be shared with states. Prior to 2000, only revenue income tax and union excise duty on certain goods was shared by the centre with states. A Constitution amendment in 2000 allowed for all central taxes to be shared with states.
Several other federal countries, such as Pakistan, Malaysia, and Australia have similar bodies which recommend the manner in which central funds will be shared with states.

Commission considerably increased the devolution of taxes from the centre to states from 32% to 42%. The Commission had recommended that tax devolution should be the primary source of transfer of funds to states. This would increase the flow of unconditional transfers and give states more flexibility in their spending.


The share in central taxes is distributed among states based on a formula. Previous Finance Commissions have considered various factors to determine the criteria such as the population and income needs of states, their area and infrastructure, etc. Further, the weightage assigned to each criterion has varied with each Finance Commission.
with the weight assigned to them.


• Population is an indicator of the expenditure needs of a state. Over the years, Finance Commissions have used population data of the 1971 Census. The 14th Finance Commission used the 2011 population data, in addition to the 1971 data. The 15th Finance Commission has been mandated to use data from the 2011 Census.
• Area is used as a criterion as a state with larger area has to incur additional administrative costs to deliver services.
• Income distance is the difference between the per capita income of a state with the average per capita income of all states. States with lower per capita income may be given a higher share to maintain equity among states.
• Forest cover indicates that states with large forest covers bear the cost of not having area available for other economic activities. Therefore, the rationale is that these states may be given a higher share.

Grants-in-Aid
Besides the taxes devolved to states, another source of transfers from the centre to states is grants-in-aid. As per the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission, grants-in-aid constitute 12% of the central transfers to states. The 14th Finance Commission had recommended grants to states for three purposes: (i) disaster relief, (ii) local bodies, and (iii) revenue deficit.

The Biggest Misconception of Africa – BUSTED

“Most people write me off when they see me.

They do not know my story.

They say I am just an African.

They judge me before they get to know me.

What they do not know is

The pride I have in the blood that runs through my veins;

The pride I have in my rich culture and the history of my people;

The pride I have in my strong family ties and the deep connection to my community;

The pride I have in the African music, African art, and African dance;

The pride I have in my name and the meaning behind it.

Just as my name has meaning, I too will live my life with meaning.

So you think I am nothing?

Don’t worry about what I am now,

For what I will be, I am gradually becoming.

I will raise my head high wherever I go

Because of my African pride,

And nobody will take that away from me.”

Idowu Koyenikan

Africa is a beautiful continent. Yes, a continent!

Africa is a continent. NOT A COUNTRY.

It is amazing to see so many people unaware of such a small fact. So here below is a list of all the 54 countries and 4 dependencies of Africa organized according to location in an alphabetical order.

Northern Africa

  • Algeria
  • Egypt
  • Libya
  • Morocco
  • Sudan
  • Tunisia

Eastern Africa

  • Burundi
  • Comoros
  • Djibouti
  • Eritrea
  • Ethiopia
  • Kenya
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Mauritius
  • Mozambique
  • Rwanda
  • Seychelles
  • Somalia
  • South Sudan
  • Tanzania
  • Uganda
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Western Africa

  • Benin
  • Burkina Faso
  • Cabo Verde
  • Côte d’Ivoire
  • Gambia
  • Ghana
  • Guinea
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Liberia
  • Mali
  • Mauritania
  • Nigeria
  • Senegal
  • Sierra Leone
  • Togo

Southern Africa

  • Botswana
  • Eswatini
  • Lesotho
  • Nambia
  • South Africa

Middle Africa

  • Angola
  • Cameroon
  • Central African Republic
  • Chad
  • Congo
  • DR Congo
  • Equatorial Guinea
  • Gabon
  • Sao Tome & Principe

Dependencies of other Countries:

  • Réunion – France
  • Western Sahara – (disputed)
  • Mayotte – France
  • Saint Helena – UK

There are so many myths about Africa, none of them true. Africa is a beautiful continent and is much more than what the news and documentaries show us. Below, I will attempt to bust as many myths as I can.

  • Environment: Thanks to movies like Blood Diamond, we think of Africa as unsafe, poor and completely backward. NOT TRUE. Travel through the beautiful continent to experience how complex, multi-layered and breath-taking it actually is.
  • Business: Africa has huge businesses and great employment opportunities. Some of the self-made millionaires owe it to their start in Africa.
  • Africa is a relatively expensive place to travel to.
  • Africa is safer than prominent tourist spots like Paris and New York
  • African leaders are no more corrupt than any developed and developing country.
  • Africa is just as advanced technologically and culturally as any other. They have access to 4G and WiFi!
  • Africa has a lot of poverty stricken places, but as a whole is a not a poor country.
  • The continent is not a dessert! They have mountains and beaches.
  • Africa is home to a huge Art Industry
  • Africa is not an illiterate country
  • Most Africans speak English
  • Africa is a huge continent!
  • Not Everyone in Africa has AIDS – Africans might be most affected. But this is simply not true and is racist and offensive.

Facts about Africa:

  • Africa is the oldest populated continent
  • It’s the second largest continent
  • Most of the European continent’s ancestors are local to Africa – Many African countries gained independence from the European continent post the WWII.
  • South Africa has some of the finest beaches
  • Wildlife is only part of all that you could experience in Africa.
  • There are over 2000 native languages spoken across the continent
  • All of the African cultures and parties and traditions are beautiful and festive.

Africa is a continent like any other. For centuries, and even now, just judging by the colour of their skins, we assume the worst about Black people. They are no better than us, nor are we better them. We are all people living on the Earth. No one reserves the right to make another feel like they don’t belong. Africa and Africans are beautiful and are just as human as the rest of us!

Time waits for no one

Time can also heal things whether external wounds or feelings. Time is the ultimate thing that we cannot measure. time comes and goes it’s our duty how we utilise that time in what manner time is something which is important for everybody you may delay but time will not wait for anyone Time once lost is lost for ever. It can never be regained. It can never be captured. It is the most potent factor. Even the strongest and powerful monarchs have been helpless before time. Even they could not command time to stop. So, we should be careful about the importance of time. We should never waste it. We are successful in life only when we make the best use of time.

To ensure best use of time in life, one needs to be very punctual. Punctuality avoids inconvenience and tension. It offers great opportunity, which, if struck properly brings big results. Opportunity once lost is hardly regained. Proper use of time brings success and achievements. Doing everything in time should be the guiding principle of life.

Man has limited years to live, but there is lots of work to do. So, he should live a purposeful life. He should make maximum use of each and every moment. Time is precious. It should be valued. We should make use of it in best possible way.

Farmers have to keep a close watch of time because they follow strict schedules for planting and harvesting. Their farming schedules are based on the weather and if they delay their planting or harvesting time by even a day, it will spell disaster for them because time will not wait for them. We should have respect for time and not misuse it. You may have heard of this famous saying, “To realize the value of one year, ask a student who failed an examination. To realize the value of one month, ask a mother who gave birth to a premature baby. To realize the value of one minute, ask a person who just missed his train.

To realize the value of one second, ask someone who just avoided an accident”. Time is precious; even one second of your life is valuable. So, do not waste it. Let us have respect for time and time will show the same respect to us.

Time is measured by the hours, days, years and so on. Time helps us to make a good habit of organizing and structuring our daily activities. No one can escape the passing of time. We all subjected to aging and mortality.

Time plays a significant role in our lives. If we better understand the time value, then it can gain experience and develop skills over time. Time can also heal things whether external wounds or feelings.

Everyone has to realize the value of time and spend it unwisely. Such people waste their time and keep unnecessary thinking can backward to them and lost their future. Everyone has to do focus on their important task every day. we should always focus on time once it goes never come again fix your goal just work on it and achieve before time goes.

Judiciary as a third organ of government

The Supreme Court of India is the highest authority of the judiciary. 

The Judiciary is the third organ of the government. It has the responsibility to apply the laws to specific cases and settle all disputes. The real ‘meaning of law’ is what the judges decide during the course of giving their judgements in various cases. From the citizen’s point of view, Judiciary is the most important organ of the government because it acts as their protector against the possible excesses of legislative and executive organs. Role of Judiciary as the guardian-protector of the constitution and the fundamental rights of the people makes it more respectable than other two organs.

Functions of Judiciary and Its Importance:

1. To Give Justice to the people:

The first and foremost function of the judiciary is to give justice to the people, whenever they may approach it. It awards punishment to those who after trial are found guilty of violating the laws of the state or the rights of the people.

The aggrieved citizens can go to the courts for seeking redress and compensation. They can do so either when they fear any harm to their rights or after they have suffered any loss. The judiciary fixes the quantity and quality of punishment to be given to the criminals. It decides all cases involving grant of compensations to the citizens.

2. Protection of Rights:

The judiciary has the supreme responsibility to safeguard the rights of the people. A citizen has the right to seek the protection of the judiciary in case his rights are violated or threatened to be violated by the government or by private organisations or fellow citizens. In all such cases, it becomes the responsibility of the judiciary to protect his rights of the people.

3. Guardian of the Constitution:

judiciary acts as the guardian of the Constitution. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land and it is the responsibility of the judiciary to interpret and protect it. For this purpose the judiciary can conduct judicial review over any law for determining as to whether or not it is in accordance with the letter and spirit of the constitution. In case any law is found ultra vires (unconstitutional), it is rejected by the judiciary and it becomes invalid for future. This power of the court is called the power of judicial review.

4. Advisory Functions:

Very often the courts are given the responsibility to give advisory opinions to the rulers on any legal matter. For example, the President of India the power to refer to the Supreme Court any question of law or fact which is of public importance.

5. To Conduct Judicial Inquiries:

Judges are very often called upon to head Enquiry Commissions constituted to enquire into some serious incidents resulting from the alleged errors or omissions on the part of government or some public servants. Commissions of enquiry headed by a single judge are also sometimes constituted for investigating important and complicated issues and problems.

Independence of Judiciary led by Supreme Court

The Indian Constitution protects the citizens from any partial judgment. And, this gives the power to the judiciary to make decisions based on the rules of the law, in case of any dispute. Due to such authority, the judiciary of the country is an independent body. The courts of India are not controlled by the government and do not represent any political authority. Such independence allows the judiciary to ensure that there is no misuse of power by any section of the government.

The independence of judiciary calls for ‘separation of powers’. This basically means that both the legislature and the executive branches of the government, cannot interfere with the functions and decisions of the judiciary. So, in order to successfully execute their independent authority, the judges of both high courts and the Supreme Court must be appointed without any influence or interference from other branches of the government. Also, it is very difficult to remove a judge from his/her office, once appointed by the judiciary.

Unlock 3.0

Increase of Corona cases has become routine in India,now government is focusing on unlock 3.0 by giving permissions to movie theaters and gyms

government is planning to shutdown the schools and colleges as usually,only movie theaters with 25% capacity are permitted

Government is planning to conduct entrance exams like jee mains,meet in September inspire increasing of Corona cases

India has crossed 14Million cases

100% Solarization of the Sun Temple and Konark Town

Full Solarization Program

The scheme envisages setting up 10 MW grid-connected solar project and various off-grid solar projects such as solar trees, solar drinking water kiosks, off-grid solar power plants with battery storage etc. The scheme would fulfill all of Konark town’s energy needs with solar power. The scheme receives the funding of about Rs. 25 Crores from the Government of India through the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) from 100 per cent Central Financial Assistance (CFA). Odisha State Agency for the Production of Renewable Energy will introduce the scheme.

Konark Temple

A combination of two words ‘Kona’ and ‘Arka’ is the word Konark. Kona stands for Corner and Arka means Sun. And it is the ‘Sun of the corner’ when combined. Konark Sun Temple is situated on the north-eastern corner of the Puri and was built in the 13th century by King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty (1238-1264AD), dedicated to god of the sun, Konark.

Architecture of Konark Temple

The massive wheels and horses give the temple a resemblance to the Konark’s chariot of seven horses. The rest of the building is a typical Orissa temple. The outer walls were lavishly decorated with elaborate carvings, but internal carving There was no use of pillars The Shikharas were known as rekha deuls in this school. The mandaps were called Jagamohan. It is also known as the Temple’s Kalinga style Architecture Wheel Various hypotheses have been promoted about the importance of Konark wheel. According to others, twelve pairs of wheels mark the twelve months of the year and the twenty-four wheels mean twenty-four hours a day, and the eight main spokes mean pahars (three-hour period) a day. According to others, the wheels of the chariot have been interpreted as the ‘Wheel of Life’. They portray the cycle of creation, preservation and achievement of realization. Such 12 pairs of wheels may probably also represent the 12 signs of the zodiac.

Seven Horses of the Temple

The image of these seven horses described in different ways The seven horse, which pull the sun temple eastwards towards the dawn, reflects the seven days of the week These seven horses at Konarak are the seven colours visible in a rainbow-VIBGYOR. The seven horses are named after these seven colors: Sahasrara (Violet), Indra-nila (Indigo), Nila (Blue), Haritaha (Green), Pita (Yellow), Kausumbhaha (Orange) and Rakta (Red).

Black Pagoda

Konark temple was named the “Black Pagoda” in European sailor accounts as early as 1676 because its great tower appeared black Second reason, its magnetic force that pulled ships into the shore and triggered shipwrecks. Similarly, the Jagannath Temple in Puri was called the “White Pagoda”. The Konark is the third element of Odisha’s Golden Triangle. The first link is Jagannath Puri and the second link is Bhubaneswar (Capital city of Odisha) Konark temple was initially built on the sea bank but now the sea has receded and the temple is a little away from the beach. Power and New & Renewable Energy Minister R K Singh said, “The Government of India has launched the scheme with the intention of taking forward the dream of Prime Minister (Narendra Modi) to establish the historic sun temple town of Konark in Odisha as ‘Surya Nagri’ to convey a message of synergy between the modern use of solar power and the ancient sun temple and the importance of promoting solar power

250+ apps under the government’s eye; likely to be banned due to security concerns

The Center banned 59 Chinese-linked apps on June 29, including TikTok, Shein, UC Browser and BeautyPlus, saying they were harmful to the country’s sovereignty, integrity and security. After last month ‘s ban on TikTok and 59 other Chinese devices, the government has produced a new list of apps to investigate whether they pose any danger to national security or the privacy of individuals. This time, 275 Chinese phones, including PubG, Zili, Resso, AliExpress, and ULike, have been kept on the radar. Included on the list are apps from other Chinese Internet and Tech majors such as Meitu, LBE Tech, etc. While a subsidiary of South Korean video game company Bluehole created PubG game for smartphones, it is also sponsored by China’s most valuable internet giant Tencent. Zili is owned by Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba, Xiaomi, Resso and ULike are owend by ByteDance and AliExpress.

India is the largest market of PubG

PubG has produced about 17.5 crore installations to date, according to estimates from device intelligence firm Sensor Tower. PubG, is a smartphone game sensation that millions of subscribers alone in India, millions more in the world, mostly teenagers and children. The application is a shooting game based in a battle-royale format.

AliExpress is a China-based online shopping company, operated by the Alibaba Group. Launched in 2010, it consists of small businesses in China and other locations, such as Singapore, that offer products to online buyers from around the world. It contrasted eBay as sellers are independent and use the site to deliver goods to buyers over 300 million unique users in India from Chinese internet companies.

According to the government sources, these apps were red-flagged for security reasons, while others were classified for data sharing violations and privacy concerns. Additionally, the government is examining the alleged flow of data from these apps to China that poses a threat to the sovereignty and integrity of India. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has sent 77 questions to the 59 Banned-Chinese apps.  The Centre has asked questions like whether they censored content, worked on behalf of foreign governments or lobbied influencers, among others.  The ministry has also given these companies three weeks to respond, i.e, first week of August.

The ban was enforced under Section 69A of the Information Technology Act read with the related provisions of the 2009 Rules of Information Technology (Procedure and Safeguards for Public Blocking of Access to Data), it said. The govt also cited concerns about the transfer of data on Indian users abroad without authorization.

Conjectures of goals

Referring to as goal specificity , one of the most empirically validated sets of things for behavior change and that’s thinking about your goals in a very specific way. Many misconceptions till date have marked that if human stimulus doesn’t respond in a rational and encouraging way about their goals and foreseeing them would also a be a huge fiasco in the coming days. Setting your goals using a couple of techniques that can make your goal achievement a lot easier. The specificities of how we all think when we have goals, like some of you may have goals for some of the stuff we mentioned, but to actually actualize those, you have to consider them as goals. The apparent statistic or researches make it clear to the point where the conjectures of goal setting comes to a conclusion. The quantitative specificity with which you define your goal, it turns out really seems to matter. And it matters in the way that you get specific about the task in the way you’re going to do it, that specificity seems to give you a plan of how to enact it. And so, apparently we can see that across a bunch of different studies. The actual upshot is, for whatever goals you’re thinking about, make those goals incredibly specific. Like the who, what, where, when, all those different parts, write them down, see it quantitatively, and that will help you.

PARAMOUNT : knowing what the goal is. It’s this idea that you’re visualizing your positive future outcomes, everything, how awesome it would be once you get your goal , it just gets better and better when you actually brief it. Know where your true authentic interest is. By contrast, if you only think about the obstacles, you dwell on how hard it is then you’re never going to get around to doing anything. However, if you actually take the time, to again, intentionally and effortfully do both, first indulge in how great it would be and then think about what the obstacles are. It turns out that you now have visualized both things that you need to succeed. And this is what mental contrasting is.

Right to Privacy

 

Privacy is a fundamental human right, enshrined in numerous international human rights instruments. It is central to the protection of human dignity and forms the basis of any democratic society. It also supports and reinforces other rights, such as freedom of expression, information and association.  Activities that restrict the right to privacy, such as surveillance and censorship, can only be justified when they are prescribed by law, necessary to achieve a legitimate aim, and proportionate to the aim pursued.

 

As innovations in information technology have enabled previously unimagined forms of collecting, storing and sharing personal data, the right to privacy has evolved to encapsulate State obligations related to the protection of personal data.  A number of international instruments enshrine data protection principles, and many domestic legislatures have incorporated such principles into national law.

 

Privacy also has implication for the freedom of opinion and expression. The Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression emphasises that the “right to privacy is often understood as an essential requirement for the realization of the right to freedom of expression. Undue interference with individual’s privacy can both directly and indirectly limit the free development and exchange of ideas.”

 

The Constitution of India does not specifically guarantee a right to privacy, however through various judgements over the years the Courts of the country have interpreted the other rights in the Constitution to be giving rise to a (limited) right to privacy – primarily through Article 21 – the right to life and liberty. In 2015, this interpretation was challenged and referred to a larger Bench of the Supreme Court (the highest Court in the country) in the writ petition Justice K.S Puttaswamy & Another vs. Union of India and Others, the case is currently pending in the Supreme Court.

 

The constitutional right to privacy in India is subject to a number of restrictions. These restrictions have been culled out through the interpretation of various provisions and judgements of the Supreme Court of India:

 

• The right to privacy can be restricted by procedure established by law which procedure would have to be just, fair and reasonable (Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India);

• Reasonable restrictions can be imposed on the right to privacy in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence; (Article 19(2) of the Constitution of India, 1950)

• The right to privacy can be restricted if there is an important countervailing interest which is superior (Gobind v. State of M.P.);

• The right to privacy can be restricted if there is a compelling state interest to be served (Gobind v. State of M.P.);

• The protection available under the right to privacy may not be available to a person who voluntarily thrusts her/himself into controversy (R. Rajagopal v. Union of India).

• Like most fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution, the right to privacy has been mostly interpreted as a vertical right applicable only against the State, as defined under Article 12 of the Constitution, and not against private citizens. (Zoroastrian Cooperative Housing Society v District Registrar)

How Easy or Difficult it is to Start a Business in India?

India has improved drastically in the World Bank’s ‘Ease of Doing Business’ 2020 international ranking by moving up to 63 out of 190 countries in the list. India was at rank 130 in a list of 189 countries in 2016. A sudden jump in rank from 130 to 63 is definitely remarkable and shows true business potentials of new India. Although this sounds good there is a lot more to be done for India to continue rising up. Hrishikesh Datar, Founder and CEO of Vakilsearch, a technology driven company empowering Indians with access to trustworthy legal solutions for entrepreneurs, gives his insights into what more can be done to push India further up the ranking.

The World Bank has said “In the year of 2015, India eliminated the paid-in minimum capital requirement and streamlined the process for starting a business. More reforms are ongoing—in starting a business and other areas measured by Doing Business—though the full effects are yet to be felt”.

Doing business in India – a country which the economic pundits say will be the world’s second-largest economy by 2030 (with China top and the USA pushed into third place). Going back a decade or so this assertion might have seemed nothing more than a fantasy, but everybody now seems to agree that India is finally going places. With a rapidly growing population of 1.3 million which boasts a vibrant middle class and a demographic which is heavily weighted towards youth, the potential of India seems almost limitless.

In the past, many developed economies saw India as a destination for the low-cost outsourcing of back-office or R&D-type functions and, whilst this area of the economy continues to thrive, India needs to be viewed in a very different light these days. India is, quite simply, the world’s largest potential market for goods and services. Where China has already developed much of its infrastructure and service economy, India still has enormous work to do. Look around on the streets of Delhi, Bangalore or Chennai and the need for development is obvious – move into the second or third tier cities and this need becomes even more acute.

What does all of this point to? Opportunities. India is a land of endless possibility where the people are aspirational, energetic, open and eager for progress.

Research

The biggest mistake organisations make when looking at India as a market is that they fail to do adequate research. To say that India is enormous would be a massive understatement. A country with 1.3 billion people, multiple languages, ethnicities, climates and geographies cannot be approached as a homogenous unit. You can’t really have an ‘India strategy’ – you probably need multiple India strategies.

The first question has got to be is: ‘Is India the right market for your products or services at this stage of your development, taking into consideration the current needs of India?’ This is not an easy question to answer. So many factors come into play when addressing this – what is your price point, and how does that sit against the competitive landscape in India? Who are your major competitors and how are they faring? Can you afford to invest in India knowing that the returns might not accrue for a number of years? Which city or region would be a good starting point?

All of these questions need answers, but good quality information is not always easy to come by in India. You will need to engage people on the ground in India who can really get under the skin of the local market and get back to you with honest, trustworthy answers to key strategic questions. Don’t convince yourselves you can do all your research via a laptop back in your office or home– you quite simply can’t.

Finding Manpower

India is full of really great potential employees. On the whole, Indians are well-educated, ambitious, enthusiastic and motivated. Lack of local talent definitely isn’t the issue; finding and retaining good people though can be very difficult.

The Indian employment market is very fast-moving. Indians are always on the lookout for ways of improving their career prospects, job titles and income. How are you going to convince good people that you offer them a bright future? Why should they join your company when there is a myriad of opportunities for the type of people you are looking for?

Culture in India

The underlying factors which drive Indian business culture are deeply rooted in the country’s religious, societal and ethnic past. People are often fooled into thinking that because Indian’s often speak good English and because the country has a western-influenced history, that the cultural challenges they might face will be minimal. Nothing could be further from the truth.

You simply cannot hope to succeed in India unless you gain a very good understanding of the local cultural landscape.

Though with huge efforts of Indian government like launching a start-up India portal, Mudra Loan scheme for MSME (medium small & micro enterprises), there’s a lot to be done in collaborate efforts of Indian citizens and Indian government to get into top economic powers of the world.

Problem of Food Wastage in India

Food is the most fundamental among the essential necessities of life . Food squander is the serious issue in our nation which brings down country head with disgrace because numerous individuals passes on every day because of craving.

FOOD WASTAGE

Food wastage primary rotates around any type of food , crude or cooked utilized or unused disposed of or proposed .At wide level it is additionally enhanced into different classes and suggestions, for example, the sort of food squander, the structure it is delivered/created by and materials and wellspring of waste.

ABOUT THE MAGNITUDE OF FOOD WASTAGE IN INDIA

As per reports by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), about 40 percent of India’s new products of the soil – worth a yearly $8.3bn or thereabouts – perishes before arriving at buyers. Every year, some 21m metric huge amounts of wheat, particularly grain – a sum practically equivalent to Australia’s all out yearly creation – spoils in India in light of ill-advised capacity in the guardianship of the legislature controlled Food Corporation of India.As indicated by an ongoing report by the Indian Institute of Management in Kolkata, cold storerooms are accessible for only 10 percent of India’s transitory produce – and are for the most part utilized for potatoes – to meet India’s hearty interest for chips. The investigation gauges that India needs stockpiling offices for another 370m metric huge amounts of short-lived produce.

CAUSES

1.Weddings blamed for colossal food squander

The monetary development of India won’t tally if the nation individuals bite the dust for hunger.

For imagining families are simply squandering the nation food by surpassing the food things to show there freshly discovered affluence. 1/5 of food served at weddings and get-together s is disposed of, “It’s a criminal waste,” The huge amounts of food squandered at get-together s the nation over every day stands out pointedly from the food deficiencies, frequently verging on constant starvation, looked by a huge number of poor Indians.

2.Inadequate capacity framework

In spite of a great many Indians heading to sleep on an eager stomach, the nation is letting food worth an incredible Rs 44,000 crore go squander every year because of absence of sufficient stockpiling infrastructure.The Saumitra Chaudhuri Committee, comprised by the Planning Commission in 2012, has assessed the nation’s cool stockpiling prerequisite as 61.3 million ton as against the current limit of around 29 million ton.

  1. Awareness

What to state illetrate individual , educated are doing same thing.People are uninformed of the issue the nation is confronting bcz they have cash and they usuallu would prefer not to mind at all until and except if they face a similar circumstance. Indeed, even adminstration resembles a visually impaired framework simply disregarding the fundamental development of the country.

4.Food Waste-to-Energy Conversion

The problem of waste administration stumbles into geologies and its gravest causal specialist, i.e., urban ism, is a worldwide wonder. In any case, its implications are moderately progressively articulated in creating countries by virtue of improved ways of life and changing utilization designs. The developing populace and expanding customer request are prompting unnecessary utilization of accessible assets and age of gigantic measure of various sort of squanders, which is rising as a chronic issue in urban social orders.

5.Lack of transport offices

We in India need appropriate transportation offices to connect with the market just as chilly stockpiling’s for new produce and food crates.The new produce carried on these long excursions is once in a while cooled or concealed, but instead oppressed – particularly in summers – to the rankling sun, making high paces of waste.

Remedies

  • As an individual,” Food that we BUY, EAT and WASTE is legitimately identified with the Global emergency we are confronting. It may be know to all of you that once in a while we eat everything that we purchase. So how about we make it a highlight BUY WHAT WE NEED and EAT WHAT WE BUY”.
  • At the shopper level, we can diminish our commitment to food and vitality
  • squander by taking basic, fundamental strides at home, in the supermarket and at cafe’s.
  • first of all, plan a food menu before each outing to the supermarket so it’s simpler to monitor when vegetables, products of the soil perishables should be eaten consistently.
  • Careful consideration ought to likewise be given to how food is put away and enclosed by the fridge so it doesn’t ruin as fast, and shoppers ought to make sure to purchase just what they will eat.
  • We ought not squander food in our plate , any place we are bcz the food which is going to squander or squandered is the guardian angel of others life.
  • Modernization in the food flexibly chain and increment foriegn speculation , better gathering machines , advancements , food bundling and so forth steps should received by the organization. Japanhas different laws relating to the various reasons for food wastage, for example, Container and Packaging Recycling Law’, ‘Food Wastes Recycling.

“ARRANGE YOUR BAD HABITS AS WASTE NOT FOOD”

Its an opportunity to wake up and this isn’t the obligation of just organization however every single individual .So before squandering a solitary bit of food consistently recall that we are just answerable for Food emergency.

Dowry- A curse

Dowry originated to give stress to women and made up of sthreedhanam ( Stree means woman and dhan means wealth) consisting of money,property,or gifts given solely to women by her parents in marriage in the form of dowry. But the abuse of this custom started when it became a price tag for groom. The groom demands dowry consisting of a large sum of money,furniture and other luxury things.

The price of Indian groom has increased based on his qualifications,profession and income. It is the ritual that doctors,chartered Accountants and Engineers expect a handsome dowry. Dowry has reduced the status of women in our society. The grooms have also become a saleable commodity available at such a price,earning so many amounts. Even the rate of dowry has been fixed by doctors ,bank officers,govt officers and businessmen.

In case marriage takes place where dowry is less than a new chapter of mental and physical violence takes place against the bride in order to extract more dowry. The violence started from one day taunting by inlaws and then domestic violnce by husbands.The practice of dowry has been still rising in India badly.The most severe case is when bride is burning in regard to less dowry and these incidents are given shape of accidental burns in kitchen or disguised as suicide.In india every 20 woman die as result of harassment over dowry,either murdered by their husbands or compelled to commit suicide.dowry death rose from about 19 per day to 20 per day in 2020. And many reports of dowry death are unreported in police stations. Taking or giving dowry is practice from 1961. And still now it is a significant part of Indian marriage and falling women empowerment.

In some cases,to escape from punishmenet the husband and family not only kill woman directly but harass them mentally and physically too commit suicide.We are in 2020 and still this system is prevailing. The reason for that is our old customs and patriarchal society that values men over women. The stronghold of gender inequality makes them give dowry that is too wrong . The second reason is this practice is so rooted in the Indian culture that it is seen as normal and unchangeable.Even today people get to know that they are taking dowry they use to ignore them and take it as cultural tradition. If a woman’s marriage requires dowry in return for a safe,happy life then this world is unsafe and discriminatory for women. And where women are not treated with equity then that country can’t become developed. This is a ahrsh reality that women sacrifice their life because of this single small stupid thing. Nothing is above than life.

The need of the hour is the social awareness at least among females to stand up against wrong and right. More stringent laws,more awareness ,more education is required to girls for their independence and a social awakening can curb this ever increasing evil.

Factors determining job satisfaction of employee

Job satisfaction is defined as the level of contentment employees feel with their job. This goes beyond their daily duties to cover satisfaction with team members/managers, satisfaction with organizational policies, and the impact of their job on employees’ personal lives.

Satisfaction with:

▪︎Compensation and benefits

▪︎work environment

▪︎team members and managers

▪︎ job impact on personal life

What is job satisfaction ?

Job satisfaction, an unquantifiable metric, is defined as a positive emotional response you experience when doing your job or when you are present at work. Leading organizations are now trying to measure this feeling, with job satisfaction surveys becoming a staple at most workplaces. It’s important to remember that job satisfaction varies from employee to employee. In the same workplace under the same conditions, the factors that help one employee feel good about their job may not apply to another employee. For this reason, it is essential to have a multidimensional approach to employee satisfaction, covering the following areas:

▪︎ The challenging nature of work , pushing employees to new heights

▪︎A level of convenience (short commute, access to the right digital tools and flexible hours)

▪︎competitive pay, which employees maintain a good quality of life

▪︎The promise of career progression in sync with employees’ personal growth targets

▪︎ Regular appreciation by the immediate management and the organisation as a whole

Factors determining job satisfaction of employee:

There’s no one definition of job satisfaction, and factors contributing to it will depend on the nature of your workplace. For example, a satisfied employee in the manufacturing sector looks different from a satisfied software developer. However, there are ten traits that every workplace geared toward employee well-being and satisfaction will have in common.

▪︎Does your company are about its employees ?

Remember, it’s not enough to only care – communicate this care regularly to employees through newsletters, rewards, informal recognition, paid incentives, and other forms of communication. Companies with a high job satisfaction level, such as Google and Starbucks, also feature employee happiness and satisfaction stories as part of their communication strategy.

▪︎Does the workplace have room for employees to engage in their hobbies?

Today, most of us spend a significant part of the week at work, but this doesn’t mean we want to ignore our hobbies or personal interests. A workplace where employees have enough free time to read a book, catch up on the news, have a pleasant meal, for example – and where such behaviors are not considered slacking off – will better enable job satisfaction.

▪︎Do employees feel respected from their peers?

A workplace where employees feel regularly criticized or under some type of scrutiny is ripe for dissatisfaction. You can detect their dissatisfaction via one-on-one conversations with employees, or through anonymized data collected via employee satisfaction surveys and take appropriate measures to improve their experience in this area.

▪︎ Is there a culture of two way feedback?

Employees need regular feedback (both positive and constructive) to know that they are on the right track. Also, they want to share their opinions with managers/HR/senior management to guide the future of the company. This culture of two-way feedback is essential to maintaining employee satisfaction. It is doubly necessary for you to act on the feedback you receive.

▪︎Where do you stand on the issue of work life balance?

Companies must try to build a non-toxic culture of high performance, where productivity isn’t prioritized over well-being. Positive work-life balance is integral to this. As per the 2019 Workplace Happiness Report by udemy, work-life balance adds meaning to the job for 37% of professionals. Mandatory work-from-home days, paid time off, and flexible working benefits are great ways to help employees achieve this.

▪︎Do employees feel secure about their role ?

Job security is now a major concern as technology upends existing processes, and automation threatens legacy models of working. As a future-focused employer, you must clearly explain how an employee’s role will transform over the years and equip them for this change. Apart from basics such as compensation, employee benefits, and workplace amenities, these ten factors go a long way in either improving or negatively impacting employee satisfaction. And here’s why you can’t afford to have dissatisfied employees.

▪︎Does your organisation follow fair and inclusive policies?

Diversity and inclusion in the workplace have a positive impact on the business bottom line, while also improving a company’s culture and work environment. By ensuring fairness toward all your employees, regardless of age, gender, or disability, you can increase the average level of satisfaction across the company. In other words, job satisfaction shouldn’t be limited to a select few – everyone, across the company, should experience the same level of well-being.

▪︎How do employees rate their relationship with their reporting heads?

We have all heard the axiom that employees don’t quit jobs, they quit bosses. And this is confirmed by studies – a poll by Gallup found that 75% of voluntary attrition can be attributed to the behavior of immediate supervisors and not the job itself.

5 reasons why job satisfaction is so important

By actively working on satisfaction in the workplace, you end up with employees who are more engaged, involved, and eager to go the extra mile. This benefits your company in several ways.

1- satisfied employees translate into satisfied customers :

If employees are unhappy at work, the chances are that this will reflect in their interactions with the customer. Contact centers, specifically, cannot afford to have dissatisfied employees – this is sure to show in every word they say and every campaign they work on.

2- Voluntory turnover will come down:

Sometimes, turnover can be good for business, as it brings fresh talent into the organization. But voluntary turnover looks different – you risk losing top talent you have carefully trained over the years. Also, this talent takes with it tribal knowledge once it leaves the company, which could toughen up the competition for your products and service offerings. On the other hand, a satisfied workforce is less likely to quit.

3- You increase the chance of referral:

Employee referrals are the most effective method of recruitment, none. A report by Jobvite found that referrals make up 7% of all applications but an overwhelming 40% of all hires. An employee satisfied with the work conditions and the pay scale is far more likely to recommend their friends than a dissatisfied employee.

4- Satisfaction is directly linked to your productivity:

In a positive work environment, employees are more likely to bring their best to work every day. For example , research by the social market foundation and the university of Warwick’s centre of competitive advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE) found that happy employees are 20% more productive than unhappy employees on average.

There’s also a secondary reason for this – high-satisfaction workplaces prioritize employee wellness. Therefore, they are more likely to look after themselves, and address stress/burnout/health issues, before it impacts work.

5- In the long term, you can dramatically reduce HR costs:

Typically, you need to plan for both fixed and variable costs as part of your HR budget. Low satisfaction could significantly dent the variable aspect of this equation – dissatisfied employees require targeted surveys, specialized learning and development, additional career assistance, and ultimately may lead to rehiring and retraining costs in the case of turnover. All of this needs you to invest more than you had expected.

By making job satisfaction a priority at your company, you can stay ahead of the curve and ensure that there are no unprecedented issues arising due to low satisfaction.

Driven by these benefits, more and more organizations are investing in job satisfaction initiatives. And this has had a marked impact on job satisfaction, as seen in the following statistics.

Poverty and Pollution

“Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.” – Aristotle

Poverty, as Aristotle defines- may lead to revolution as we have seen innumerably be it civil wars of 1980’s or mass movement of Indian freedom struggle. The second genesis of poverty as per Aristotle’s definition, is significant in present context- “Crime”. Be it crime committed by poor thieves to feed their family or crime of polluting environment, we all commit- both are polluting and consequential.

Poverty and pollution are the two most normal issues keeping the world from achieving its objective of manageable turn of events. By and large we accept that it is fortune which makes all the issues identified with ecological corruption causing contamination, environmental change and so on. In spite of the fact that it is consistent with a specific degree we can’t overlook a more profound interrelationship which exists among neediness and contamination. The poor are progressively inclined to the contamination issues and it is destitution which is somehow identified with contamination.

The interrelationship among destitution and poor can be concentrated through different measurements; first, we’ll take a gander at the practices followed by individuals in helpless networks which lead to contamination. We accept that the majority of the ecological related issues like contamination are brought about by well-to-do segments of the general public due to their ways of life. They are the significant employments of vitality assets, vehicles and record for a significant lump of private utilization consumption which is answerable for ecological corruption. Despite the fact that it is consistent with a specific degree we can’t overlook the commitment of more unfortunate areas the general public in issues identified with condition. Needy individuals for the most part rely upon kindling and dairy animals fertilizer for their cooking rehearses which thus produces a great deal of contamination. Kindling is gathered by felling trees which weakens the dirt condition causing soil contamination. Soil contamination will have negative ramifications on horticultural works on causing a decrease in food assets. Also, there is an absence of mindfulness among helpless networks with respect to natural issues. Inadvertently, their day by day practices, for example, open sanitation, ill-advised waste removal, unhygienic environmental factors and so forth can contribute towards contamination. Another issue relating to air contamination is open agrarian waste consuming. Notwithstanding constant updates from the state governments and even punishment estimates requested by the Supreme Court helpless ranchers are persistently consuming their agrarian squanders in open fields seriously decaying air quality. Absence of some other moderate methods and particularly mindfulness is the underlying driver of this issue.

Pollution as an issue involves genuine worry for the whole world. So as to guarantee practical advancement whole planet has held hands to expel neediness from the world. In any case, some of the time strategies used to expel destitution can likewise prompt ecological issues. We need monetary development and advancement to beat neediness. All the creating nations are moving towards industrialization for accomplishing monetary success. These advancement exercises are expanding the carbon impression on the planet. In the quest for expelling neediness through improvement we are hurting our condition. Structures, ventures, apparatus, foundation ventures and so on all contribute towards contamination. A ton of e-squander from created nations is being dumped into creating nations for removal. For the most part it is the destitute individuals who handle its removal and are probably going to experience the ill effects of its outcomes as they in its nearby region. So as to dispose of one issue we are making another.

The following connection among destitution and contamination is worried about its belongings. Who are generally influenced by contamination? It is the needy individuals who are getting the brunt of contamination. According to a Harvard study directed in the late 90’s future is low in helpless nations when contrasted with wealthier networks and the significant explanation for this is ecological contamination. Destitute individuals don’t have the privilege to appreciate characteristic assets as much the wealthy do. The best model is water. The majority of the individuals living in India despite everything don’t approach perfect and safe drinking water and they are for the most part from helpless foundations. All the modern and electronic waste is dumped into the streams which influence the lives of individuals living in those regions. Air quality is seriously debasing in our nation. Needy individuals who burn through the greater part of their occasions on roads are increasingly inclined to experience the ill effects of its outcomes. Neither they have cash nor the assets to keep themselves from these issues. Medical issues brought about by contamination will have extensive effect on destitute individuals. Absence of sustenance, social insurance and in particular mindfulness will additionally add to their issues.

We need a synergistic way to deal with conquer the twin issues of neediness and contamination. At the same time we need to remember the entomb connection between the two and must be incredibly careful in discovering arrangements as one issue’s answer can turn into the reason for another. The fundamental need is to make mindfulness and spread training among the helpless masses with respect to contamination; its circumstances and end results. Government ought to give cooking ovens and gas associations with the destitute individuals so they don’t need to rely upon kindling and different assets for their cooking prerequisites. Government activity of requesting that individuals surrender their LPG appropriations to give LPG to the poor is excellent. Sufficient measures ought to be received to save woodlands on which numerous neighborhood networks are needy. Works on prompting deforestation ought to be debilitated. Government needs to give elective wellsprings of occupation to such helpless networks. Individuals ought to be debilitated from receiving practices, for example, inappropriate waste removal, open sanitation, consuming of agrarian waste which prompts ecological contamination. Open specialists need to assume a significant job in this. They need to take endeavors to make mindfulness among individuals, screen such destructive practices which can contribute towards contamination, instruct individuals about the unsafe impacts of contamination and attempt vital measures for restorative activity. We need to guarantee that while creating helpless nations we are not trading off our condition. So as to have economical advancement we have to dispose of destitution without making any damage the earth and guaranteeing social equity. No decent can be accomplished by hurting others. Neediness and contamination, both are dire worldwide issues that ought not be dealt with independently as one is well on the way to affect another.

Burdens of online classes

I have just been promoted to the second year of my postgraduate course and our dean was very much proactive in launching the online platform by buying a Zoom subscription, providing access to the online private library and even bought subscriptions to buy e-books. A necessary amount of fees was also reduced although there is no reimbursement of the internet or Wi-Fi charges. Around 2-4 classes of duration 90 minutes are usually scheduled each day, with a couple of days off each week. Faculties usually provide assignments with deadlines and we have to prepare presentations almost every week. Everything which one usually does in a MBA college, we are doing everything and even the faculties are trying to replicate the entire offline model of MBA into an online model. Truth to be spoken, they have been successful in their endeavours, but to what extent?

With each passing day, such online classes are becoming more of a burden. Attending classes every day, for such long hours as well as trying to grasp new topics is becoming increasingly difficult. Even though the faculties are trying to make things easy, there is something about this online platform that makes the entire teaching process a mile less effective. Recent trends suggest that the attention span of a normal 25 years old human being ranges from 10 to 20 minutes. This trend is well observed when we are studying a class environment, usually surrounded by friends who help us getting through the class. But coming to the online mode, what usually happens is our attention span gets drastically reduced and since there is no check with the reality, we often drift away from what exactly is happening in the class. What spikes our frustration is the absence of non-verbal cues during the class activities or during presentation. In classes, we can see our audience and change ourselves accordingly, but in online mode, it seems like a one way communication – we only speak without any response from the opposite end. And to add to that, we always face a fear of losing internet connection in the middle of class. And God forbid, the days when that happens, we have no other options but to succumb to our own senses to try and to understand what we have missed.

But that is not all. Post graduate study is so designed that group work is more of necessity which reduces time and increases effectiveness of our study. Studying solo in our rooms is making things harder, and this is piling up day by day.

But what is more frightening and despairing is that unlike the corporate, schools and colleges does not have any mental wellness programs. Hours of online classes with studying solo in our rooms is creating a mental challenge coupled with anxiety and stress. What actually is happening now is that students are trying to cram everything but what is the effectiveness? Are we really being able to retain anything at the end of the day? There is no doubt that the faculties are trying their best, but somewhere they have failed to consider the mental challenge that we are facing in the meantime.

Online class is perfectly fine for those curriculum which have been designed in that way. It does not work, or at least we are not ready to embrace this form as a substitute of offline mode of classes.

Source – Self