JEE-MAINS stands for JOINT ENTRANCE TEST-MAINS which was earlier called as All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE). This is an undergraduate entrance test for taking admissions in various engineering and architecture institutes, mainly in 31 National Institutes of Technology (NITs), 23 Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IITs), and Government Funded Technical Institutes (GFTIs). This test is organized every year by National Teaching Agency (NTA) in India. This test was introduced in the year 2002.
STRUCTURE OF THE EXAM – Until 2018, it was held only once after the CBSE exams, nearly in first week of April by the NTA since 2019 has decided to take this entrance test twice a year. Earlier, it held either electronically or online but now it happens only in the online mode. It is a computer based entrance exam which consists of 2 papers:
Paper 1 is for B.E. / B.Tech courses which only occurs in online mode from 2019, earlier there was an option of OMR based exam also. The qualification required for this paper is Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics as main subjects in class 12th.
Paper 2 is for BArch and BPlanning courses. The knowledge of Mathematics, Aptitude, Drawing and Planning is required for being a part of this paper. The duration of the exam is 3 hours and candidates can apply for 3 subsequent years. LANGUAGE OF THE ENTANCE TEST – The exam was offered in English, Hindi and Gujarati. From January 2021, It has been planned to take the exam in eleven different languages namely Assamese, Bengali, English, Hindi, Gujarati, Kannada, Marathi, Odiya, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu. MODE OF EXAMINATION – • B.E. /B. Tech. (Paper 1) Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, part 1, 2 and 3 respectively will be conducted in Computer Based Test mode only. • B. Arch (Paper 2) Mathematics and Aptitude Test, part 1 and 2 respectively will be held in Computer Based Test mode only. While Drawing Test or part 3 will be in offline mode on drawing sheet. • B. Planning (Paper 3) Mathematics, Aptitude Test and Planning Based Questions, part 1, 2 and 3 respectively will be held in Computer Based Test mode only.
PARTICIPATING INSTITUTES – Institutes participating in the 2017 centralized seat allocation process included: • The 31 National Institutes of Technology, • The 24 Indian Institutes of Information Technology, • 19 other central government or state government funded institutions including the three Schools of Planning and Architecture. • Several self-financed institutes (during the spot round). • Many other institutes used JEE (Main) ranks to fill seats through their own seat allocation processes.
NUMBER OF APPLICANTS
There are lakhs of students who appear in the entrance exam every year. The number of applicants has varied over the years, with the peak of over 1.35 millions in 2014.
Starting from 2012, there were 1,220,000 students who appeared in the exam.
In the year 2013, 1,282,000 students appeared.
In 2014, 1,356,805 students appeared.
In 2015, 1,304,495 students appeared.
In 2016, 1,194,938 students appeared.
In 2017, 1,186,454 students appeared.
In 2018, 1,259,000 students appeared.
From 2019, exam was conducted in two different phases. So, in 2019 in the first phase 929,198 students gave the exam while in second phase 935,741 students appreared for the exam.
In 2020, in the first phase of the exam 921,261 students appeared whereas the second phase is still to be held.
With the imposition of the nationwide lockdown since 22nd March, 2020, to counter COVID-19, not just people but many organizations are facing trying times. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is no exception in this regard. It is not easy to conduct mega competitive examinations in a vast country like India, that too with so many unforeseen factors confronting us. UPSC took notice of the situation and had decided not to conduct examinations on the original dates. It just released the revised schedule of all examinations with the respective dates for the year 2020. The notice has been uploaded on their official website http://www.upsc.gov.in .
UPSC conducts many important competitive examinations, some of which are enumerated below. An examination like the Civil Services Examination, are conducted in three stages— prelims, mains and interview. The commission announced that at least 796 vacancies are to be filled through the Civil Services examination this time.
The revised schedule of the examinations in 2020 is the following:
Examinations
Dates
N.D.A & N.A.
06/09/2020
Civil Services(Preliminary)Indian Forest Services(Preliminary) through CS(P)
04/10/2020
I.E.S./ I.S.S.
16/10/2020
Combined Geo-Scientist(Main)
08/08/2020
Engineering Services(Main)
09/08/2020
Combined Medical Services
22/10/2020
Central Armed Police Forces(ACs)
20/12/2020
Civil Services(Main)
08/01/2021
C.D.S. (II)
08/11/2020
Indian Forest Service(Main)
28/02/2021
S.O./ Steno(GD-B/GD-I)
12/12/2020
Reserved for UPS RT
20/12/2020
UPSC has also notified that the candidates can download the e-admit cards from the official website, which will be issued one week before the respective examinations. Every year over seven lakh candidates register for one of India’s most prestigious examinations, the Civil Services Prelims. Ten lakh candidates have registered in the 2020 batch.
In another important development the National Defence Academy and Naval Academy entrance examinations, which are usually held in two sessions of examinations in the form of NDA & NA Examination I and NDA & NA Examination II will undergo change. The revised notification announces that there will be one common entrance examination this year instead of the usual two. The examination will be held on 6th September, 2020.
The Combined Medical Services Examination will be held on October 22, 2020. The revised date for the Central Armed Police Forces (ACs) Examination is 20th December. Indian Statistical Service Examination will be held on 16th October this year.
The commission is yet to release the final date notifications regarding some more examinations. It can be assumed the dates for these examinations will be announced subsequently.
The Personality Tests for the Civil Services Examination (Mains), 2019, was being conducted before the lockdown. It has also been announced that the remaining candidates will be called from 20th July, 2020.
The pandemic came unannounced. It is only natural that in the post-COVID times the decisions of public organizations of such importance should be taken with due care and not in haste. UPSC has an impeccable credential in public mind till now. It thus lives upto its reputation in deliberating and taking time on revising the dates of so many important examinations, which involve the physical safety and security of lakhs of candidates and those administering the examinations in various capacities.
Staying at home and missing the cinema halls could be frustrating. The cinema halls are closed but it doesn’t stop you from watching movies.
Staying home for almost months now can bring boredom and take a toll on your mental health but don’t worry we are here to help you out. A good comedy or romance drama movie can really put you in a good mood.
Here is a list of classic Bollywood movies that no one should miss. And in case you have seen all, you might enjoy watching them again.
Chup Chup Ke
This classic comedy was released in 2006 and is really one of a kind. Shahid Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor played the lead roles in this film. This film will have you laughing on the ground in the first half. Paresh Rawal and Rajpal Yadav are well known in bollywood for their comedy roles. However, the ending is dramatic but interesting. It is a personal favourite of many Shahid Kapoor fans. The performance and delivery of dialogues is just superb.
2. 3 Idiots
This movie was released in 2009 and turned out to be one of the biggest hits in India. This film was not only hilarious but also had an important message for all of us at the end. Aamir Khan, R. Madhavan and Sharman Joshi played the lead roles as 3 idiots along with Kareena Kapoor as the lead actress. The chemistry between the three idiots is to die for. The plot was mind-blowing.
3. Dil Wale Dulhaniya Le Jaenge (DDLJ)
This iconic movie was released in the year 1995 and is commonly known as DDLJ. DDLJ is an iconic romance movie starring Shah Rukh Khan who is known as the romance king of bollywood with Kajol as the lead actress. This movie is one of the most watched movies of the 90s and it also gained extra popularity because of its romantic love songs.
4. Hera Pheri and Phir Hera Pheri
Hera Pheri and Phir Hera Pheri were released in 2000 and 2006 respectively. These are one of those movies that no one dislikes. It is truly a work of art and an absolute masterpiece. The concept and story-line is fabulous. The on screen chemistry between all the three characters played by Akshay Kumar, Paresh Rawal and Sunil Shetty was amazing. This comedy movie is filled with hilarious jokes and funny moments that it deserves the love it gets.
5. Welcome
Welcome is one of the most fun movies to watch in the romance/drama genre because of its well thought out storyline. It was released in 2007 and Akshay Kumar along with Katrina Kaif played the lead roles. These two actors have such good chemistry on screen, especially in romance titles and the fans love it. This movie has a lot of funny and dramatic scenes blended perfectly with some suspenseful and romantic moments, this movie is a must watch.
There are several spectacular and hit movies that bollywood has to offer but these 5 movies are a must watch for any person who wants a good time and should not be missed by anyone.
Empathy and disappointment.well when you empathize with someone you have to be really really close to that person because empathy is that feeling in the world where you do aur give someone something without them even asking for it. Most of us think that this is telepathy let me clear that this is not. Telepathy is the connection between two people with the communicate very clearly just without the necessity of speaking to one another. Empathy is different from telepathy. Empathy can also be understood as when you take an iced americano while passing your mom’s favourite coffee shop and you reach home and give that to her and all she says is,”I was just thinking if I could get one of these”.that is what the word you are searching for that is what the connection you are searching for this is what it should specifically have. Empathy not just give away a a lot of love but also did out a lot of disappointment if not done the right way. Like say the coffee from earlier that you got for her you went and give it to your mum and your mum said why did you waste money on the so-called nonexistent coffee which does not even have a proper body of taste. Reading that sentence tell me on your heart did you feel disappointment? I mean I hope you did otherwise the point of this goes in vain haha. That is what empathy is. you know disappointment is also such a nice feeling to embrace like disappointment comes in when not needed. One of the most cruel and selfish relations also. Like you called somebody the pickup the call told you quickly that they are busy and Hung up- disappointment.you take someone a very long and caring message believe you on two blue ticks or reply after hours-disappointment.our expectations is a big source of our own disappointment so stop expecting because that brings in disappointment. Instead empathy is a good choice becomes rarely and hardly. Thoughjust that it’s coronavirus around you are current time and you are not using this time to rest prioritise people and purpose in life, you my dear friend are wasting an opportunity you might never get again.The world literally stopped and shifted for you to get your shit together.If this is torture find out why. Look into yourself. Ciao for now .
Mostly teenage and youth are victims of this crime. Cybercrime is increasing day by day. Every day millions of people fall prey to it. This crime is targeting the computer system. Hacking, Denial of Service attack, spreading virus and malware, cyber terrorism, spoofing, skimming, pharming, spamming etc crime come under cybercrime. In modern and technical age, it is increasing day by day like fire in the forest. Mostly teenage and youth are victims of this crime.
Let’s see some of the details of this crime and get more information about cybercrime.
Definition – “Any violation of criminal law that involves knowledge of computers technology for their perpetration, investigations or prosecution.”
Tools and techniques used to commit cybercrime –
Buffer overflow – The condition when a program or process tries to store more data in a buffer than it was intended to hold.
Cracking – Cracking is breaking into someone else computer system, often on a network bypassing password or license in a computer program or in other ways intentionally breaches computer security.
Data didling – Involves altering the raw data just before a computer processes it and then changing it back after processing is completed.
Phishing – Using spoof E-mail or directing the people to fake web sites to deceive them into divulging personal financial details so that criminal can access their account.
Virus – A self-replicating program that runs and spreads by modifying other program and file.
Worm – a self-propagating, self-contained program that uses networking mechanism to spread itself.
Zombie – A program that is installed on a system to cause it to attach other system.
Government and law enforcement initiative –
The realisation of the growing threat of cybercrime by the Government of India has led to the initiation of a connected program for cybersecurity under the department of information technology along with the enactment of the information technology Act 2000, which was amended in the year 2008 retrofitting newer crime. The act heralded the legal recognition of electronic document digital signatures and transaction, done using computers & Internet. Further, the act described the punishment and penalty for criminal offence and contravention.
Many law enforcement agencies including the central bureau of investigation have created a separated unit cell of handling cybercrime.
We have to stay away from these things. And if something like that happens, to go to the police immediately. Your safety is in your hands. Stay alert to avoid crime.
Lots of penalties have been prescribed for cybercrime perpetrators. Stocking someone online, harassing someone online, it all comes under cyber cybercrime. Many people do not even know that he is committing a crime.
The only way to avoid cybercrime is to always be vigilant.
Most of us wasted our time in this lockdown. This lockdown was tha period which we could have used to develop ourself completely, but we wasted it with full devotion in watching movies, webseries, using phone, wasting time on social media scrolling memes. And despite of knowing the fact that we could have used this time to improve ourself, we didn’t did anything because whenever we thought of doing something else, our mind didn’t allowed us to do that. Now if you are feeling guilty for the time you wasted then remeber one thing. We still have some time left, still schools and colleges are not opened, still we are not promoted to next classes so we don’t have load of next class or semster studies, So push yourself to do something better.
Just sit calmly and think what you can do, what you want to do, what skills you need in future to ease your life, your career, your chances of getting a job, or you can either think of your hobbies to be improved, or you can do work from home jobs, or join some online internship programs or courses, or excel in some topic or subject like coding, designing, writing, speaking some other languages, read novels improve your reading skills.
If we make up our mind to do something then there are a lot of things to do, we just need to do is to make ourself mentally strong that we have to do this. Motivate yourself time to time that don’t give up.
We are alone in the Universe ! It’s one of the biggest questions that haunts our imaginations. Astrobiologist Adam Frank argues in his new book “Light of the Stars” that we have never been in a better position to answer that question, thanks to a revolution in our knowledge gained by powerful telescopes like Hubble and space probes like Voyager. Indeed, the chances that there has never been another civilization in the universe are as low as one in ten billion trillion. But whether there is still one out there today is a more complicated question.
Your book centers on a relatively new field of study known as Astrobiology, which you call revolutionary. Explain what it means and why it is giving us new insights into our place in the universe.
Astrobiology is the study of life in its planetary or astronomical context. People will say we have only one example of life—here on Earth. But, if you take that position, you miss three revolutions that have happened in the last 30 years.
The first revolution is that we have been visiting other planets in our solar system. We have now sent probes to pretty much every kind of object in our solar system, including Mars. And from this we’ve learned about climate and how planets work in a generic sense. There’s an app you can pull up that will give you the weather on the Mars. We have climate models for Mars, Venus, and Saturn, and we know a huge amount about climate as a generic planetary phenomenon, not just on Earth.
Credit: Third Party Reference
The second revolution is studying the Earth’s history going back 4.5 billion years. We have been able to unspool in some detail the long history of the Earth and its life co-evolving over that time. We see that Earth has been many different kinds of planets, sometimes a snowball world, sometimes a hothouse world without ice. In the beginning there were no continents; it was pretty much a water world.
The last big revolution is the revolution. When I was a school student in 2006, I did not know whether there were any stars in the universe with planets around them. Now we know that the universe has ten billion trillion planets that are in the right place for life to form. Those three revolutions completely changed not only how we think about life and planets, but also leads us to think very differently about exo-civilizations.
There are two possibilities, we are either alone in the universe or we are not. Both of these are equally terrifying.” Arthur C Clarke.
Workers in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) would have needed more than a little luck in the first 45 years of the modern hunt for like-minded colleagues out there. Radio astronomer Frank Drake’s landmark Project Ozma was certainly a triumph of hope over daunting odds. In 1960, Drake pointed a 26-meter radio telescope dish in Green Bank, West Virginia, at two stars for a few days each. Given the vacuum-tube technology of the time, he could scan across 0.4 megahertz of the microwave spectrum one channel at a time.
Credit: Third Party Reference
Almost 45 years later, the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California, completed its 10-year-long Project Phoenix. Often using the 350-meter antenna at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, Phoenix researchers searched 710 star systems at 28 million channels simultaneously across an 1800-megahertz range. All in all, the Phoenix search was 100 trillion times more effective than Ozma was.
“If Other beings live out there, if we’re to find them, we must do so before one or either of us is expired by the universe.” ~ Simon Farnell
Time as I have said before is such a relative thing, based on what we can perceive and measure with our minds. If we imagine the universe as a giant entity existing in its place we can maybe imagine that our existence is a fleeting and insignificant thing, a moment of time too short to measure and other races that may or may not exist will also be a similar fleeting moment.
Reference- divyanspacetech.wordpress.com and nationalgeographic.com
As in today’s world considering the People of this generation and the high tech technology which allows you to connect with anyone around anywhere in the world and therefore people tend to try something new and therefore experiment online dating but not all of them succeed in finding the right one and leads them in an inappropriate position. Later on they don’t tend to try the platform because it is mainly filled with bots and fake people. So if you hate online dating and want to meet someone in real life and make a bond this article is for you.
The benefits of meeting in real life and the disadvantages of online dating.
The major advantage of meeting the person in real is that you don’t have to deal with a person behind the screen, so now you can observe their body language their curiosity towards you and more importantly you know who you are dealing with as in online dating there are chances that you don’t even know who is on the other side of the screen and you will be played until you meet and find out.
When you meet the person in real you can feel the vibe and the chemistry if there is any on the other hand in the case of online dating the person has the time to type up and make things which are obviously manipulative.
Different ways to meet people in real life.
Remove all the dating apps from your device – Yes, you heard that right, set yourself free from all the bots and scams where there are a lot of choices to swipe upon which obviously don’t match up your vibes.
Try something new – Apply for that job, Go to that class, take that tour, attend that party, get over your comfort zone and you will be meeting new people on the way.
Being an extrovert – Try being socially confident and Interact with all sorts of people where ever you go. This will build your confidence and get you off your comfort zone.
Take yourself on a date – indulge in some conversation with the opposite gender and and see where the conversation leads to.
Gym – People be like how’s gym gonna help? Keeping your body fit helps your mind to stay healthy and think better and will eventually lead to better results.
Social media – you can hit someone on social media like Facebook or Instagram rather than a dating site and eventually lead up dating them.
Take yourself outside on a weekend – Get of that couch and go engage yourself in some social activity.
Meeting the friends of your friends – This is the easiest way to meet people and be socially active.
Travel – Never miss an opportunity to travel as you get to spend time with the people and know them exactly.
Literally just move outside there are many weird people that you may find.
Some other simple methods to meet people in real life.
Move out.
Be socially active.
Talk more.
Take that extra step.
Get off your comfort zone.
You can follow this simple guide to know your worth and get along the real world in no time.
A lot has changed as per the new guidelines, so it’s best to plan ahead. As per the new rule, you have to reach the airport at least 2 hours in advance, as opposed to the earlier 40 minutes cut off. Also keep in mind, how you will be travelling to the airport as public transport will not be easily available.
Be Vigilant About Your Hygiene & Safety
Now I know that this one isn’t easy. We’ve never had to live or travel in a time with a highly infectious virus. So the best thing to do is not let your guard down. Start from the basic level and ensure that you are packed well. In an ideal scenario, ensure that you do not have to buy anything from a shop or from the airport. Make sure you have a mask, sanitizer and gloves easily accessible in your handbag. Ensure that you take maximum protection while heading to the airport and leaving your destination airport. You can never be too careful.
Pack Only One Hand Bag & One Carry On Bag . As per the new rules, only one hand bag and one cabin luggage is allowed. So make sure you pack light and pack efficiently. Only carry what you need. Also remember, to carry a handbag that is not so heavy that you have to leave it on the floor of the airport. Another important point to note is that metal & plastic are better breeding grounds for viruses. So ensure that you carry a bad that is made of fabric instead of metal.
Rethink Your Airport Look
Well, remember when airport looks were all the rage? You’re probably going to have to rethink that look now since the new look is all about hazmat suits, masks, sanitizers and gloves. As part of the new guidelines, just before you board the flight you have to compulsorily mask up and suit up to prevent infection and the spread of it. Wear comfy clothes underneath your protective gear and ideally pick a hazmat suit that you can dispose off with ease once you reach your destination.
Eat Well Before The Flight/Carry Food
As per the new guidelines no meals will be served onboard the flight, so do ensure that you either eat well before the flight or carry your own food that you can eat after the flight.
Let Your Loved Ones Know When You Are Travelling
We are not asking you to take permission, but do inform your friends and family about your travels and ideally do keep a backup option for stay and help at the destination you will be visiting. Mark your emergency contacts clearly.
Carry Enough Cash & Have Ready Finance Available
No, we are not asking you to carry a briefcase full of money like in those old Bollywood films, but do ensure that you have both some liquid cash available with you and some easily available money in the bank. In case you do have to be quarantined or in the unfortunate situation that you get infected, ensure you have enough money for treatment and for stay.
Every year, in the month of June, the LGBTQ community hosts pride celebration in various ways. It is a month long celebration of diversity, love, acceptance, inclusion and unabashed self-pride. Various events are held across the globe during this commemorative month as a way of recognising the LGBTQ community and their influence around the world.
Why the month of June?
The month of June was chosen for LGBTQ pride month to memorialise the riots held by LGBTQ community members against a police raid that occured at the Stonewall Inn, a gay club, in New York City on June 28, 1969.
The message was clear; to peacefully protest and raise political and social awareness of the issues facing by the community. The queer community wanted to be open about their sexual orientation and be free to go anywhere without the fear of being arrested.
Pride Month 2020: #21daysallychallenge
This year, because of the social distancing norms across the world, many pride parades and events are on hold. But still we would not be restricted to celebrate all forms of love. Due to the global pandemic concerns, this year a different approach have been taken by the Pride Circle to take aware and conscious steps to acknowledge and redress stereotypes and biases about the LGBTQ community and bring about social change.
The aim of the challenge is to bring together individuals and influencers from over 28 countries and 70 organisations to establish a global community of LGBTQ allies. It started on June 1, there will be 21 mini-challenges extended over a period of 21 days in the month of June. As per the Pride Circle’s Statement, “this is based on science that it takes 21 days to form a new habit. Anyone can participate free-of-cost and sign up for it by clicking on the link – https://thepridecircle.com/21daysallychallenge/
Some of the challenges of the initiative include building awareness about the existence and journey of an LGTBQ person, for instance, read or watch or find out about the coming out story of an LGTBQ person, laws associated with the community; show your allyship, test your biasness- have you ever made fun of or discriminated an LGBTQ. Wear something symbolic or just shout out, let the world know that you’re an ally. Build your knowledge about the community. Learn about the art and literature by them and go all out. Don’t hold back, talk about the stigma and bias against LGBTQ persons.
In our country, decriminalisation of homosexuality is yet to complete 2 years, this initiative which has sprouted in India could become our leap of faith to ignite a global movement to look out for equal rights and fair treatment for the people belonging to that community. Allies would be able to contribute in creating a safe space where people of every sexual orientation is welcome and respected. It will help bridge the gap and let people understand the importance of treating others, who may be different from them, with equality, fairness, acceptance and mutual respect. The #21daysallychallenge could be a favourable step in the direction of building and inclusive and conscientious society with support and trust.
The movement is supported by various organisations, along with eminent academic institutions such as IIMs, IITs, NMIMS, MICA and the only school in India participating in Pride month celebrations, Tagore International School, Vasant vihar. This is a great achievement towards creating safer schools, workplaces and society for the coming generation. Such support from organisations like these is the need of the hour as it plays a vital role in the bigger fight to advance the community and promote inclusion in all spheres of life.
Now, more than ever, we, the people of India, should encourage everyone who believes in LGTBQ equality to come out and be an ally or support in the best possible way. It’s time we move towards being a more accepting society and initiatives like these is the fundamental step towards that larger goal of “vasudhaiva kutumbakam”, i.e. “the world is one family”.
Mobile is the essential thing nowadays, we all know that food, clothes, and shelter these are the basic requirement of the human cycle, however, in this cycle human added mobile phone as a basic need, because of the advancement of the technology, furthermore, majority people on earth have own smartphone from old age people to a small child have it.
in modern times, no one can live without a cellphone, people forget to eat and take care of their child, but never lost or forget their phone. According to the article which was published by Global System for Mobile Communications, in that post, they declared the ratio of cellphone user around the globe, and the ratio is 5.13 billion people have owned a mobile phone, and the ratio is increasing day by day. from around the globe, many companies like GSMA have an eye on the users and what they surf on the cellphone and how much time people spent on it in the day.
As we all know that without the internet, mobile is like empty and codless phone, which our grandparents use at their young age, we can find each and everything on the internet, whenever we stuck any were in education or on the place at the time mobile phone help us, by finding the solution, google has all answer of the question, which we have in our mind, just we have to ask to google and it displays on the screen, and the speed is like no one can beat it.
Here are some advantages of using a smartphone:
1) Communication: with the help of a cellphone one can connect themselves with others ever living far distance with the help of audio as well as video call.
2) Social media: in the age of social media, the whole world is like a small global village, people can share a post, communicate by messaging, and displaying the timeline, many time people make their friends online, chat with them and enjoy the company and never get bored in free time.
3) Daily News: on the mobile phone there are many news applications, where we are connected to the things happening around the world, we can find news regarding sports, politician, current affairs, daily stories, and we also get pop-up notification daily morning and a whole day, so we do not have to turn on the television and change the channels.
4) Photography: with the help of mobile phone all youngster becomes the photographer, additionally, mobile companies also focus and endorse the features of the camera with high resolution, which capture the important and long life memories, whenever people see in future they can recognize well.
5) Online services: nowadays each and every item available online on our phone, by playing games on can earn money, on can maintain their financial balance, banking also be done online, shopping, booking a ticket for holidays, and ordering food. and these all things can be done by just tapping on the screen.
6) Education: Parents and children can learn many things online from anywhere and every ware at any place and the choices of times is according to us. in the situation like COVID-19 we can see that all classes held online even student who studied in 6th grade they also have online classes on that way it will help us.
If we consider the downside of mobile phone:
1) when people use a mobile high rate then they may be addicted to the cell phone they never left this addiction and it will affect the time and health like insomnia.
2) If people use a smartphone till late night, they will not gonna have proper sleep and rest, so,it will harm full for their eyesight
3) sometimes people use a phone for the whole day, they will miss the outdoor fun with friends, or if they are in the home, they will miss the quality time with there family, and it will lead to the communication gap between family members.
4) whenever we use the smartphone touch screen, there may behave millions of micro germs, and when we use those hands while eating, it will spread in the whole body and our body might be infected.
Every people, know the famous personality steve jobs, the owner of the Application company. in the year 2011, the new york times published the interview of the MR.steve and he told that “he prohibited his kids from using the newly launched IPad and other product” and he also limited the technology in his house. he also told, ” he knows that he made monster in the form of Apple product”. Furthermore, Bill Gates also said in the public press “he never allows their child to use the smartphone until the child becomes over 14 years old.
So, by taking motivation from those two legends parents should restrict the usage of mobile phone at their home.
Humans have a macabre fascination with the end of the world — will humankind go out with a bang or disappear with a whimper? Are we the architects of our own demise or cosmic pawns in a game we can’t control?
Apocalypticism is the religious belief that there will be an apocalypse, a term which originally referred to a revelation, The original word in Greek — apokalypsis means an unveiling, a revelation i.e. to disclose , but now it is usually referred to the belief that the end of the world is impending, This credence is usually accompanied by the idea that civilization will soon come to a tumultuous end due to some sort of catastrophic global event.
ORIGIN
The notion of apocalypse originated from The Book of Revelation (often called the Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John, the Revelation from Jesus Christ ,which is the final book of the New Testament which is the final book of the Christian bible. Revelation is an apocalyptic prediction and is the only book of the New Testament classified as apocalyptic literature with extensive use of visions, symbols etc. especially in connection with future events. The Book of Revelation was written probably in around the year 96, right at the end of the first century.
The book spans three literary genres: the epistolary, the apocalyptic, and the prophetic. The Revelation of John, the Apocalypse, also must be looked at from the perspective that it’s not the only such piece of apocalyptic writing that we have. In fact there are lots of writings from the ancient world that we know by name and we can actually read today also. So when the author of the Book of Revelation sat down to write, there was a very strong paradigm of what revelation literature should look like and sound like.
But the story of apocalypse is an old one, one of the oldest humans tell. In ancient religious traditions beyond Christianity — including Judaism, Islam and Buddhism — it is a common narrative that arises in moments of social and political crisis, as people try to process unusual or shocking events.
HERE ARE SOME APOCALYPTIC BELIEFS OF VARIOUS FAITHS:
Christianity: Some Christians believe that the New Testament’s book of Revelation(the second part of the Christian Bible), isn’t just metaphorical, but a literal description of a final battle on Earth between God and the forces of Satan. Before that happens, there is a series of horrific events—including an earthquake, lightning, and a fiery hailstorm that burns up a third of the trees on Earth etc.it is also believed by the idea that Christ will return.
Islam: Prophet Muhammad—describes the events that lead to the end of the world. Natural disasters increase, and society undergoes a moral decline that leads to a surge in violence, bloodshed, anarchy, and sexual immorality. In the Islamic tradition, the Quran tells stories of plagues and of a final earthquake that will tear the earth apart. Amir Hussain, professor of theology at Loyola Marymount University, said, “Apocalypse also includes what happens when one’s eyes are opened”.
Hinduism: Hindus apocalyptic beliefs are different from other religions, because they believe that the universe goes through endless cycles of creation and destruction. In that cycle, three gods—Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva—all play a role. Brahma is the creator of the universe, while Vishnu preserves it during its existence. Shiva’s job is destroying the universe, so that it can be recreated.
Buddhism: In Buddhism, time is cyclical, not linear, making apocalypse both an end and a beginning. “Apocalypse happens and then a new order starts, a new social order, new moral order,” said Vesna Wallace, professor of Buddhism at the University of California, Santa Barbara. “The story repeats itself.”
Modern, secular American life is filled with its own apocalyptic visions. Movies and television shows depict civilization on the brink of extinction. “The Walking Dead” explores life amid the zombie apocalypse. “The Hunger Games” presents a dystopian future after conflict and ecological disasters have destroyed much of the world.
WHY DO PEOPLE BELIEVE IT ?
I think history will tell you that end time predictions increase when people are being ill-treated or feel oppressed and this increases when despair hits – in terms of how the world is experiencing economic and political turmoil. The people who are most likely to believe in doomsday predictions are those who are religious, because there are many religious texts that indicates end of days. Even today, people continue to make predictions about dates in the future in which the world will inevitably end. It is an extraordinary belief because there is little proof to back these claims, and they are often the result of someone trying to interpret ambiguous information that is in religious or other ancient texts.
Very popular source of doomsday predictions is the Mayan Calendar. One of the most famous end of world predictions was for December 21st, 2012. People took this prediction seriously, and they stocked up on food and read up on survival skills. The reason that the Mayan Calendar was proof of this end was because the most popular Mayan calendar abruptly ended on December 21st, 2012. Whether one believes in doomsday predictions or not, it is hard to deny that it is a very common belief that has scared all of us at one point or another.
According to psychologists, possible explanations for why people believe in modern apocalyptic predictions include an innate human fascination with fear, personality traits of paranoia and powerlessness and a modern romanticism involved with end-times due to its portrayal in contemporary fiction.
HOW TRUE ARE THESE PREDICTIONS ?
Predictions of apocalyptic events that would result in the extinction of humanity or the destruction of the planet have been made since at least the beginning of the Common Era. The 2012 phenomenon predicted the world would end by Earth getting destroyed by an asteroid,or an alien invasion; or a supernova. Scientists from NASA, along with expert archaeologists, stated that none of those events were possible.
Every year, new apocalyptic predictions waft through the the internet and the tabloid media. In 2019, for example, the world was predicted to end in a nuclear war, an asteroid impact, and a new ice age, Modern doomsayers have been predicting climate and environmental disaster since the 1960s. They continue to do so today. None of the apocalyptic predictions with due dates as of today have come true. More than merely spotlighting the failed predictions, this collection shows that the makers of failed apocalyptic predictions often are individuals holding respected positions in government ,science or hold strong religious beliefs . While such predictions have been and continue to be enthusiastically reported by a media eager for sensational headlines, the failures are typically not revisited.
APOCLYPSE 2020
Nostradamus, the world’s most famous 16th-century prophet and mystic, is believed to have prophesied the year 2020 and has called for both disasters and revelations. A year marked with both favorable and dangerous results. Pandemics are surrounded by a sense of impending apocalypse. Throughout history, they have been understood as final tribulations, a sign of the end time, It is also quite extraordinary to believe that you can pinpoint, to the exact day, when the entire world will end.
The end of the world is near—again! For centuries, doomsdayers have prophesied the apocalypse. But there’s a tiny catch: None of the end-of-world predictions ever come true.
Once upon a time in a coreign fountry, there lived a very geautiful birl. Her name was Rindercella. She lived with her mother and her two sisters and in the same coreign fountry there lived a very pandsome hrince…. Well, you better know what’s going to follow next. You might be wondering that why the word’s letters are being exchanged? Here comes the term SPOONERISM.
It is an accidental activity and creates a comic effect. As in the above story, Cindrella is pronounced as ‘Rindercella’(‘r’ and ‘c’ are exchanged), foreign country as ‘coreign fountry’(‘c’ and ‘f’ are exchanged), handsome prince as ‘pandsome hrince’(‘p’ and ‘h’ are exchanged).
So, the slip of the tongue is responsible for such blunder accidents. The term Spoonerism has been derived from the name of WILLIAM A. SPOONER who is well-known for making such tongue twists.
A SPOONERISM is where a switch in the first letters or phonetic sounds of two consecutive words creares a new pair of words and their meanings get twisted. It is basically an exchange. Moreover, its scientific name in Greek is METAPHASIS. It is observed that consonants are often transposed than vowels.
Some of William’s famous spoonerisms are:
I am a word botcher – (bird watcher).
The lord is a shoving leopard – (loving shepherd).
You were fighting a liar in the quadrangle – (lighting a fire).
6 famous spoonerisms over the years:
RINDERCELLA Archie Campbell is a well-known writer recognised for his long-running skits. He loved using spoonerisms in the skits on the show. Campbell’s Rindercella is his best creation of spoonerism. A girl who slopped her dipper. Also, there was a Beeping Sleauty.
THE CANADIAN BROADCORPING CASTRATION Just imagine when it was being live on the air as “The Canadian Broadcorping Castration” instead of “The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation”. The poor broadcaster had accidentally turned himself an element of joke in from of the mass.
BASS-ACKWARDS Abrahan Lincoln was fond of spoonerisms. His one of the letters contained, “He said he was riding bass-ackwards on a jass-ack through a patton-crotch.”
RUNNY BABBITRunny Babbit: A billy sook was written by Shel Silverstein and you could infer that this book is flooded with spoonerisms as the name suggests.
HOOBERT HEEVER You might have burst into laughter after reading this name. If you wish to get that feeling more, then try saying it again and again but at the end it’s going to be all fun for most of us. But, it could be a biggest mistake if you are a broadcaster. There was a broadcaster Harry Von Zell who was talking about Hover’s life as a part of his birthday tribute. After making it long, his tongue slipped and he accidentally referred to the President as “Hoobert Heever”. But fortunately, the device was not operative and his career was fine. Also, this is a “Kniferism”, another tongue twister and not a spoonerism as it has reverses the middle syllables of the words instead of the initials.
APOSTLE PEALE Norman Vincent Peale was a protestant preacher who used to dislike Adlai Stevenson. So, once Stevenson intentionally used a spoonerism in his speech saying, “Speaking as a Christian, I find the Apostle Paul appealing and the Apostle Peale appalling.”
Some more spoonerisms are listed below:
you’ve tasted two worms – (you’ve wasted two terms)
a half-warmed fish – (a half-formed wish)
I am mending the sail – (I am sending the mail)
I’ll slap fight in your race – (I’ll slap right in your face)
two of hearts – (who of tarts)
no tails – (toe nails) …………………..the list is never ending..
Other tongue twisters:
FREUDIAN SLIP:
similarly., like spoonerisms, it also involves accidental mixing up of words. But, Freudian slips are less accidental than spoonerisms. The ycome out as the words from you sub-conscious thoughts that you are holding back. In other words, Freudian slip is meant to reveal what you were thinking of. It is named after Sigmund Freud, who was a famous neurologist.
MALAPROPISM:
It is a verbal mistake in which a word is substituted with another word that sounds similar but means something entirely different. It leads to comic effect. The word is taken from the character, Mrs. Malaprop, in a 1775 play called The Rivals. The word Malaprop is considered as incorrect which is interchangeable with the word malapropism.
KNIFERISM:
It refer to the reversing of the middle syllables of the words instead of the initials.
Ex: During a live broadcast in 1931, a radio presenter Harry Von Zell accidentlly mispronounced US President Herbert Hoover’s name as “Hoobert Heever.”
I know Trevor doesn’t need an introduction. Trevor Noah is the best dailyshow host so far and famous for his consistant laugh inducing way of anchoring the show with such relevant topics.
In his book Born A Crime, he narrates his South African childhood stories. He was born to a black xhosa mother and white Swiss father at a time when interracial relationships were illegal. Therefore he always stayed indoor. Even when they went out his mother would pretend like he isn’t hers otherwise she will be jailed for kidnapping a white boy.
His mother is the main character of the book. Such a powerful women who even had the courage to approach a white man to have a baby because she never wanted her child to suffer like her. She named him trevor that does not have any meaning in South Africa. She wanted her child beholden to no fate. She wanted him to go anywhere and do anything.
The book goes through a lot of emotional states that trevor had to suffer because he was born coloured. He had gone through a lot that we can’t ever imagine just because he was black. Their natives were even manipulated to fight each other based on the community they belong to.
Trevor mastered all their traditional languages. “I soon learned that the quickest way to bridge the race gap was through language. ” He says. His mother knew xhosa, zulu, German, afrikaans, sotho and used this knowledge to go anywhere they want. Thus Trevor learned them too. This saved him to handle several situations. She also made sure that English is the first language her son spoke because that was the one thing that will make you a leg up in South Africa.
“English is the language of money” Noah says. If you are looking for a job english is the difference between getting the job or staying unemployed. Thus Trevor learned to become a chameleon to get accepted wherever he goes.
“If you spoke to me in Zulu, I replied to you in Zulu,” he writes. “If you spoke to me in Tswana, I replied to you in Tswana. Maybe I didn’t look like you, but if I spoke like you, I was you.
The book is full of humor of course we could expect that when it’s written by a comedian. But it also go through the darkest times of Trevor’s childhood. How he was raised in Apartheid South Africa under racism, abuse, colonialism, poverty, living under a police state such that we could connect it parallel to the current racial tension in America.
Oh god, Trevor was such a terror child his mother really had a hard time looking after him. He even burnt down a house where his mother worked. He was dangerously naughty. I would highly recommend it to everyone.you will enjoy and learn important things. Only Trevor could write such sufferings in such a humorous manner. We will laugh out aloud but we can also feel those pathetic situations he had to go through.
Euthanasia is derived from a Greek word meaning “good death”. It is the intentional killing of a person whose life is considered not to be worth living. This practice means to intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering. In short, it can also be said as- • “ A GENTLE AND EASY DEATH” • “ MERCY KILLING”
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF EUTHANASIA? The purpose is that in, last days a patient can peacefully die. (End life)
The concept of euthanasia is deliberately ending the suffering to bring relief to the patient. In medical field, euthanasia and assisted suicide are often used interchangeably. But there are a number of differences between the two.
CLASSIFICATION OF EUTHANASIA
• VOLUNTARY- • THE PERSON, WHO IS BEEN KILLED, HAS REQUESTED TO BE KILLED WITH HIS/HER FULL CONSENT.
• A HELP CAN BE ASKED BY THE PATIENT WHO IS DYING, HELP BURDEN SOME MEDICAL TREATMENT OR GIVE SOMEONE PEACEFUL DEATH.
2.NON-VOLUNTARY- • THE PERSON WHO IS KILLED MADE NO REQUEST AND NO CONCENT.
• THE PERSON IS UNABLE TO COMMUNICATE HIS WISHES.
• CONSENT OF PATIENT IS UNAVAILABLE. EG-COMMA, INSANE, SEVERALY BRAINDAMAGED
3.IN-VOLUNTARY- • THE PERSON WHO IS KILLED MADE A WISH TO THE CONTRARY.
• CONDUCTED AGAINST THE WILL OF THE PATIENT.
• THIS IS USUALLY MURDER BUT NOT ALWAYS. (MAYBE DONE FOR GREATER GOOD)
4. ACTIVE EUTHANASIA- AGGRESSIVE EUTHANASIA
• CAUSING INTENTIONAL QUICKER DEATH OF HUMAN BEING BY DIRECT INTERVENTION.
• ALL FORMS OF ACTIVE EUTHANASIA ARE MURDERS.
5. PASSIVE EUTHANASIA- NON- AGGRESSIVE EUTHANASIA • INTENTIONALLY CAUSING DEATH BY NOT PROVIDING ESSENTIAL CARE OR FOOD AND WATER WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE CONTINUANCE OF LIFE.
• SLOWER AND MORE UNCOMFORTABLE DEATH.
• PART OF MANY RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL PRACTICES.
• ALLOWED IN INDIA.
GLOBAL SCENARIO OF EUTHANASIA
NETHERLANDS- IN 2002, 1st COUNTRY TO LEGALISE EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE. ➢ Unbearable pain ➢ Incurable death ➢ Consent must be made in full consciousness by the patient.
BELGIUM- IT WAS THE 2nd COUNTRY TO PASS IN 2002. PATIENTS CAN RECEIVE EUTHANASIA – ➢ Unbearable pain ➢ Clearly stated before getting into coma or vegetative state.
SWITZERLAND- THIS COUNTRY IS ALSO KNOWN AS SUICIDE CAPITAL. ➢ Assisted suicide is legitimized. ➢ But Euthanasia is not done directly by patients.
CLASSIFICATION OF EUTHANASIA
ARUNA SHAUNBAUG CASE- • She worked as a nurse in king Edward memorial hospital • She was sexually assaulted, deprived of oxygen and left to die in 1973 • She was left in coma.
Her friend named ‘Pinky Virani’ filed the plea on the behalf Aruna, arguing the continued existence of Aruna is in violation of her right to live with dignity as- o Kept alive by feeding tube. o Court rejected her plea in 2011. o Aruna died in 2015 due to pneumonia after been in coma for 42 years.
• ANAMIKA MISHRA CASE- • A woman from Kanpur wrote to PM Narendra Modi seeking euthanasia for her daughter Anamika Mishra as she was suffering from muscular dystrophy disease (father died of the same). • Poor financial conditions. • PM responded and told officers to look into matter. • MR. NARAYAN AND MRS. IRAVATI LAVATE CASE- • Elderly couple from Thakurdwar, Mumbai. • Wrote a letter to the office of president of India seeking “Active Euthanasia”. • Both didn’t have medical problems. • Had a fear of being terminally ill and not doing anything for the society. • Decided to seek permission for mercy killing.
RECENT CHANGES- • In 2018, SC legalized passive euthanasia. • Withdrawal of life support to patients in permanent vegetative state. • As 5 judges bench of Chief Justice Of India, Dipak Mishra and it was legally based on ARUNA SHANBAUG CASE. • Patients must consent through a living will, and must be either terminally ill or in vegetative state. • Active Euthanasia including the administration or lethal compounds for purpose of ending life is illegal.
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