In an effort to fight climatic changes, we are taking many steps. The people also the governments all over the world are keen on reducing the risks. People are growing trees in their lawns to keep their environment cool. Trees are a great solution to cool down the earth and reduce the amount of Carbon dioxide in the environment. What if I say the Sahara could be made into a forest with green trees everywhere. Plans are being made to terraform the entire Sahara desert, changing it from a dry, barren land to a lush green space. If successful, the transformation could remove 7.6 billion tons of atmospheric carbon yearly. How could we change the nature of such a vast, isolated land? Could we afford it’s giant price tag? Have we ever done anything like this before? In this blog, we’ll see what would happen if we terraformed the Sahara Desert.
The Sahara desert is 8.6 million km² (3.32 million mi²) in size. It is roughly the size of America. Terraforming an area this massive wouldn’t be easy, in fact, it would cost about $2 trillion a year. Not only this, there are many obstacles in our way. This price tag would be just the beginning of our obstacles. What kind of environmental domino effect would it create? Plants and trees are the lungs of the Earth, and now we could use a lot more of them. A single hectare of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a man would produce by driving a car for 100,000 kilometres. If we could successfully terraform the Sahara, it would result in millions of hectares of treesbeing added to the battle against climatic changes. All that sounds great, but what are the odds we could pull this kind of transformation off? We already have, just on a smaller scale. China’s Kubuqi Ecological Restoration Project saw the successful greening of one- third of the Kubuqi Desert with 70 different plant species over a 30-year timespan.
How to scale that up for the largest desert on earth? We can plant crops and trees and then pump desalinated water from the coast of the Sahara to irrigate them. To prevent evaporation, the water should be carried by underground pipes directly to the roots. The idea would be to plant Eucalyptus trees because they are hardy, and grow well in hotter climates. Also they grow quickly and could be economically beneficial for the region. As the trees began to root and stabilise, the soil would be replenished with needed nutrients, rainfall amount would increase and the overall temperature of the Sahara would cool by 8°C. Why aren’t we going fast to do that. Not only the funding but also terraforming the desert would come with a fair share of issues.
As the region becomes wet due to the plantation of millions of trees, it may lead to the increase of locust attack. A small swarm eats more than what 2500 people can eat in a day. But the biggest problem apart from this is the environmental domino effect it would create. The Sahara sand gets carried away by the wind and crosses the Atlantic Ocean to deposit in the Amazon forest. The dust picks up moisture and when it falls from the sky rain comes along with it. This dust and rain combination provides the Amazon ecosystem the water that it needs and also fertilizes it. If the Sahara is covered by trees, there would be no Amazon rainforest. So even though the green Sahara reduces the carbon, it would indirectly affect another part of the planet and may lead to its destruction.
Disaster is a very common phenomenon in the human society. It has been experienced by people since time immemorial. Though its form may be varied,it has been a challenge for society. The latest development which has been discovered in the world Disaster reports recently is that, the disasters have increased in frequency and intensity. India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world. It has some of the world’s most severe droughts,famines, cyclones, earthquakes, chemical disasters,rail accidents and road accidents. The high density of population in the developing countries, especially in the high developing countries, especially in the high risk coastal areas, results in millions of people getting affected by natural disasters, especially in recurring disasters like floods, cyclones,storm surges,etc. A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a society involving human and material loss. Disaster is broadly classified into natural and man-made disasters.
Natural Disasters
Earthquake
The sudden shaking of the earth at a place for a short spell of time is called an earthquake. The duration of the earthquake may be a few seconds to some minutes. The point where an earthquake originates is called its ‘focus’. The vertical point at the surface from the focus is called ‘epicentre’.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are openings or vents where lava, small rocks and steam erupt onto the earth’s surface.
Tsunami
Tsunami are waves generated by earthquake, Volcanic eruptions and underwater landslides.
Cyclones
A low pressure area which is encircled by high-pressure wind is called a cyclone.
Floods
An overflow of a large amount of water, beyond its normal limits, especially on the rainfed areas is called a flood.
Landslide
The movement of a mass of rocks, debris,soil etc., downslope is called a landslide.
Avalanche
A large amount of ice, snow and rock falling quickly down the side of a mountain is called an Avalanche
Thunder and lightning
Thunder is a series of sudden electrical discharge resulting from atmospheric conditions, this discharge results in sudden flashes of light and trembling sound waves which are commonly known as thunder and lightning.
Man – made disasters
Fire Massive forest may start in hot and dry weather as a result of lightning,and human carelessness or from other causal factors.
Destruction of buildings Demolition of buildings by human activities.
Accidents in industries Chemical, biological accidents that occur due to human error. (e.g.) Bhopal gas tragedy.
Accidents in Transport Violation of road rules , carelessness cause accidents.
Terrorism The social unrest of differences in principles leads of terrorism.
Stampede The term stampede is a sudden rush of a crowd of people, usually resulting in injuries and death from suffocation and trampling.
Tsunami and Floods
A killer Tsunami hit the south east Asian countries on the 26th of December,2004. A massive earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1 – 9.3 in the Richter scale epicentre in the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It triggered one of the biggest Tsunamis the world had ever witnessed. The massive waves measuring up to 30 metres that killed more than 2,00,000 people of Asia. In India, over 10,000 people were killed by this disaster. Tamil Nadu alone accounted for 1,705 deaths.
All the coastal districts were affected, Nagapattinam was the worst hit in the state of Tamil Nadu. Fishermen, tourists morning walkers, children playing in the state of Tamil Nadu. Fishermen, tourists, morning walkers, children playing in beach and people living on the coast were unprepared for the waves. So they were unprepared for the waves. So they lost their life and the most of the loss of lives and damage to property was within 500 metres of the shore. After that the Indian government set up a Tsunami Early warning system at Indian National centre for Ocean Information services (INCOIS), Hyderabad in 2007.
Tsunami – Do’s and Don’ts
You should find out if your home, school etc., are in valunarable areas along sea shore.
Know the height of your street above sea level.
Plan evacuation routes and practise your evacuation routes.
Discuss tsunamis with your practise your evacuation routes.
Discuss tsunamis with your family. Review safety and preparedness measures with your family.
If you see the sea water receding, you must immediately leave the beach and go to higher ground far away from the beach.
Don’t go to the coast to watch the Tsunami.
Don’t try to surf the tsunami waves.
Be aware facts about tsunami.
Floods
Floods are high stream flows,which overlap natural or artificial banks of a river or a stream and are markedly higher than the usual flow as well as inundation of low land.
Types of floods
Flash floods: Such floods that occur within six hours during heavy rainfall.
River floods: Such floods are caused by precipitation over large catchment areas or by melting of snow or sometimes both.
Coastal floods: Sometimes floods are associated with cyclone high tides and tsunami.
Causes of floods
> Torrential Rainfall. > Encroachment of rivers bank. > Excessive rainfall in catchment. > Inefficient engineering design in the construction of Embankments, dams and canals.
Effects and floods
> Destruction of drainage system > Water pollution > Soil erosion > Stagnation of water > Loss of agricultural land and cattle > Loss of life and spread of contagious diseases.
Do’s
> To find out if the settlement area is to be affected by flood or not. > Keeping radio, torch and additional batteries, storing drinking water,dry foods items, salt and sugar, safeguarding materials like kerosene, Candle , match box, clothes and valuable things. > Keeping umbrella and bamboo poles. > Keeping first aid box and strong ropes to bind things. > To dig canals from the farm land, to drain the excessive water keeping sand bags etc.,
Don’ts
> Try to connect electricity once it is cut. > Operate vehicles > Swim against floods > Avoid going on excursions. > Neglect flood warning messages
During floods
> Curt off gas connection and electricity > Keep sand bags on drainage holes and bathroom holes. > Leave immediately through the known passage or prescribed passage > Drink hot water. > Use bleaching powder to keep your environment hygenic. > Before using match sticks and candles, ensure that there is no gas leakage. > Don’t eat more food when you are affected by diarrhoea. > Don’t try to take anything that floats in flood.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Disaster Risk Reduction: The practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters. There are four key approaches to public awareness for disaster risk reduction. Campaigns,participatory learning, informal education, and formal school based interventions.
Forecasting and Early warning
Weather forecasting, Tsunami Early warning system, cyclonic forecasting and warning provide necessary information which help in reducing risks during disasters. School Disaster Management Committee, Village Disaster Management Committee, State and central government institutions take mitigation measures together during disaster. Newspaper,Radio Television and social media bring updated information and give alerts on the vulnerable area, risk, preparatory measures and relief measures including medicine.
When it comes to education there many boards such CBSE, ICSE, CISCE, NIOS, and etc. But the best two boards are CBSE and ICSE, these are widely accepted in all over the country. In this blog we are going to compare the two boards with their difficultly level, syllabus, preferred language, acceptance, competitive edge, grading system and at last the conclusion.
Introduction
CBSE stands for Central Board of Secondary education, CBSE is a national level board of education controlled by union government of India. It was founded on 3rd November, 1962. There are 21,271CBSE affiliated schools in India and 220 schools in foreign countries. ICSE stands for Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, It was founded on 3rd November, 1958. ICSE is a exam conducted by Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination(CISCE), a private board of secondary education. There are 2,341 ICSE affiliated schools in India.
Syllabus
CBSE syllabus focuses on more theoretical knowledge, whereas ICSE focuses more on practical knowledge. CBSE majorly focuses on Mathematics and Science. ICSE gives equal importance to all subjects including Arts, Humanities, mathematics, science, languages, and etc. CBSE offers only fewer subjects to study, whereas ICSE offers a wide range of subjects like Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, etc. ICSE syllabus is comparatively more than CBSE syllabus.
Difficulty level
ICSE syllabus is more difficult than CBSE, this is because the length of ICSE syllabus is more than CBSE, they have more concepts, more internal assignments, and more practicals.
Mode of language
ICSE gives more important to English, and the mode of language in ICSE is English, it gives there students the leverage to appear standard exams like TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language) and IELTS(International English Language Testing System). Whereas CBSE does not prefer any particular language.
Acceptance
CBSE board is widely accepted than ICSE in India. Whereas in Foreign countries ICSE is more accepted. Students with ICSE board get advantage in Foreign countries.
Grading system
CBSE uses alphabetical grading system like A1, A2, B1, etc. ICSE uses scores for grading system like 8.5, 9.2 etc.
Competitive Edge
CBSE syllabus is helpful for students who are aspiring to crack national examinations like JEE Main, JEE Advanced, Neet etc. Whereas ICSE syllabus help to crack standard examinations like GRE, SAT, TOEFL and IELTS.
Conclusion
Both boards are comparatively good. Both have its own advantages and disadvantages. If you want your child to study in Foreign in future than ICSE might be the best option for you. ICSE help the student in the development of personality traits, communication skills, hone there skills etc. Where as CBSE, help students achieve there dreams like cracking UPSC, NEET, JEE. Also CBSE is widely recognized in all over India. Parents who work in a profession in which there lot of traveling, then CBSE is the best option for them because CBSE schools are widely available as compared to ICSE schools. You can get admission of your child in any CBSE school without any hesitation.
That’s all from my side. I hope you like. I am not discrimination any board, all these are my opinions. Thank you.
The following are the people who secured Top 10 Billionaires post in the world during this pandemic period.
1)JEFF BEZOS :
CEO and chairman,Amazon
Jeff Bezos founded e-commerce giant Amazon in 1994 out of his garage in Seattle.He stepped down as CEO to become executive chairman on July 5, 2021.
2)Elon Musk :
CEO and Chairman, Tesla
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $151B (as of 4/6/21)
Elon Musk is working to revolutionize transportation both on Earth, through electric car maker Tesla — and in space, via rocket producer SpaceX. He owns 21% of Tesla but has pledged more than half his stake as collateral for loans; Forbes has discounted his stake to take the loans into account.
3)Bernard Arnault & family :
Chairman and CEO, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton.
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH :$150B (as of 4/6/21)
One of the world’s ultimate taste-makers, Bernard Arnault oversees an empire of 70 brands including Louis Vuitton and Sephora.
4)Bill Gates:
Cofounder, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $124B (as of 4/6/21)
He has invested in dozens of companies including Canadian National Railway and Auto Nation and is one of the largest owners of farmland in the U.S.To date, Gates has donated $35.8 billion worth of Microsoft stock to the Gates Foundation.
5)Mark Zuckerberg :
CEO, Facebook.
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $97B (as of 4/6/21)
Zuckerberg started Facebook at Harvard in 2004 at the age of 19 for students to match names with photos of classmate. Facebook, the social network Zuckerberg runs, has become a go-to communications tool during the coronavirus pandemic lockdown.
6)Warren Buffett :
CEO, Berkshire Hathaway
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $96B
Buffett runs Berkshire Hathaway, which owns more than 60 companies, including insurer Geico, battery maker Duracell and restaurant chain Dairy Queen.The son of a U.S. congressman, he first bought stock at age 11 and first filed taxes at age 13.
7)Larry Ellison:
CEO and Founder, Oracle.
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH :$93B
Larry Ellison is chairman, chief technology officer and cofounder of software giant Oracle, of which he owns about 35%.He gave up the Oracle CEO role in 2014 after 37 years at the helm.
8)Larry Page :
Cofounder and board member, Alphabet.
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $91.5B
Larry Page stepped down as CEO of Alphabet, the parent of Google, in December 2019 but remains a board member and a controlling shareholder.
9) Sergey Brin:
Cofounder and board member, Alphabet.
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $89B
Sergey Brin stepped down as president of Alphabet, parent company of Google, in December 2019 but remains a controller shareholder and a board member.
10)Mukesh Ambani :
Founder and Chairman, Reliance Industries.
BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $84.5B
Mukesh Ambani chairs and runs $74 billion (revenue) Reliance Industries, which has interests in petrochemicals, oil and gas, telecom and retail.
Hello everyone! We all are different in our way and each of us are passionate of various things. It is more essential to be passionate about something and achieve it through success. Passion is an emotion to be acted upon. Without action, passion yields no worthwhile results. Passion is the fuel in the fire of action. When you have passion for something, you love it even when you hate it.
Know What You’re Passionate About:
Finding what you are passionate about is a journey in itself. Don’t be frustrated if you don’t feel like you know yet. Keep trying new things. It will come even if you have to build it. If you find your passion, or find yourself hot on its trail, don’t give it up.
What if you know what you have a passion for but you don’t do anything about it? This is the main problem with passion. You can have all the passion in the world for something but if you never do anything about it, that passion is useless.
Maybe you work a good job that pays all the bills but it doesn’t allow you to truly follow your passion. You’re afraid of what will happen if you change things up. Yes, change is scary, but it’s not until we leave our comfort zone that we find what we’ve been missing out on.
Find who you are:
You’re the author of your life. Don’t settle for the bare minimum just because it’s working out right now.
You will never know what you’re truly capable of unless you push yourself.
But even when you pursue your passion, you will find yourself tripped up by failures and other obstacles. You can’t let that get to you. It happens to everyone on the path of following their passion. Abe Lincoln had a strong passion for building a great country. You think he let a few failures stop him from that? Don’t let obstacles get you down.
What It all needs is courage:
It all needs a trial and courage to do the works. Mark Zuckerberg says, “The biggest risk is not taking risks”. Don’t care whether it succeeds or fails, just go ahead. Make a trial and do it with a courage. If you can’t, then no one else. Believe in yourself. You can , if you believe you can.
When we do things, we get success or failure. If it turns success, some may fear of what to do next. The success may encourage more in our passion. If it results in failure, no matter, it would have taught a lesson so than we cannot do the same again.
Don’t get tired. It may be boring or frustrating to reach our goals. Most of the people give up before they succeed. The one who never gives up, never fails. He might faced a couple of failures, but he does not give up. Fuel yourself with courage day by day. Yeah! your passion is waiting. Just show some courage.
If you fear of showing off yourself, if you fear of failures, if you fear of your own passion, trust me, You are damn foolish. Courage is knowing what not to fear. Wake up brothers and sisters. To achieve what you want, start working for it from today itself. Don’t hide yourself in the dark. Don’t care of what people say. They keep on saying. People don’t care of what you do, they care of what you made. So, come out of the darkness of fear and light up your life with courage.
Menstrual cramps, are an uncomfortable part of life for many women on a monthly basis.
Get in the habit of drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water per day, especially during your period. Staying well hydrated isn’t just good for cramps, it’s good for your overall health. Hydrating with warm or hot liquids is another option that can also help ease your cramps.
Banana. Bananas contain vitamin B6 and potassium, which can help relieve your cramping symptoms. You can also try banana smoothie. While making your smoothie you can add kiwi or pineapple, it also helps in reducing cramps.
Eat more green vegetables Losing blood every month also means you’re losing iron, which can make you feel sluggish and lethargic. Leafy green vegetables such as spinach can boost your iron levels.
Calcium Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt are rich in calcium. Consuming dairy products help reduce menstrual cramps.
Magnesium and iron can reduce cramps by relaxing blood vessels Foods rich in magnesium include boiled spinach, dry roasted almonds, oats and cooked black beans. Dark chocolate contains magnesium and fiber.
Eggs and Fish. Eggs contain vitamins B6, D, and E, which all work together to fight off the symptoms of PMS. Rich in iron, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids, fish is a nutritious addition to your diet. Lentils and beans are rich in protein, so they’re good meat replacements for vegetarians. Another source of protein for vegetarians and vegans, is tofu that is made up of soybeans. It’s rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium.
Ginger. A warm mug of ginger tea can reduce pain. You can also drink chamomile tea.
In a gig economy, temporary, flexible jobs are commonplace and companies tend to hire independent contractors and freelancers instead of full-time employees. A gig economy undermines the traditional economy of full-time workers who often focus on their career development.
Understanding the Gig Economy
In a gig economy, large numbers of people work in part-time or temporary positions or as independent contractors. The result of a gig economy is cheaper, more efficient services, such as Uber or Airbnb, for those willing to use them. People who don’t use technological services such as the Internet may be left behind by the benefits of the gig economy. Cities tend to have the most highly developed services and are the most entrenched in the gig economy. A wide variety of positions fall into the category of a gig. The work can range from driving for Lyft or delivering food to writing code or freelance articles. Adjunct and part-time professors, for example, are contracted employees as opposed to tenure-track or tenured professors. Colleges and universities can cut costs and match professors to their academic needs by hiring more adjunct and part-time professors.
The Factors Behind a Gig Economy
America is well on its way to establishing a gig economy, and estimates show as much as a third of the working population is already in some gig capacity. Experts expect this working number to rise, as these types of positions facilitate independent contracting work, with many of them not requiring a freelancer to come into an office. Gig workers are much more likely to be part-time workers and to work from home. Employers also have a wider range of applicants to choose from because they don’t have to hire someone based on their proximity. Additionally, computers have developed to the point that they can either take the place of the jobs people previously had or allow people to work just as efficiently from home as they could in person.
Economic reasons also factor into the development of a gig economy. Employers who cannot afford to hire full-time employees to do all the work that needs to be done will often hire part-time or temporary employees to take care of busier times or specific projects. On the employee’s side of the equation, people often find they need to move or take multiple positions to afford the lifestyle they want. It’s also common to change careers many times throughout a lifetime, so the gig economy can be viewed as a reflection of this occurring on a large scale.
During the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, the gig economy has experienced significant increases as gig workers have delivered necessities to home-bound consumers, and those whose jobs have been eliminated have turned to part-time and contract work for income. Employers will need to plan for changes to the world of work, including the gig economy, when the pandemic has ended.
Criticisms of the Gig Economy
Despite its benefits, there are some downsides to the gig economy. While not all employers are inclined to hire contracted employees, the gig economy trend can make it harder for full-time employees to develop in their careers since temporary employees are often cheaper to hire and more flexible in their availability. Workers who prefer a traditional career path and the stability and security that come with it are being crowded out in some industries.
For some workers, the flexibility of working gigs can actually disrupt the work-life balance, sleep patterns, and activities of daily life. Flexibility in a gig economy often means that workers have to make themselves available any time gigs come up, regardless of their other needs, and must always be on the hunt for the next gig. Competition for gigs has increased during the pandemic, too. And unemployment insurance usually doesn’t cover gig workers who can’t find employment.
In effect, workers in a gig economy are more like entrepreneurs than traditional workers. While this may mean greater freedom of choice for the individual worker, it also means that the security of a steady job with regular pay, benefits—including a retirement account—and a daily routine that has characterized work for generations are rapidly becoming a thing of the past.
Lastly, because of the fluid nature of gig economy transactions and relationships, long-term relationships between workers, employers, clients, and vendors can erode. This can eliminate the benefits that flow from building long-term trust, customary practice, and familiarity with clients and employers. It could also discourage investment in relationship-specific assets that would otherwise be profitable to pursue since no party has an incentive to invest significantly in a relationship that only lasts until the next gig comes along.
A ‘feeder club; in football is a club which is tasked to provide training and experience to young players. This training comes with a formal or even an informal agreement which involves successful players to move on to a much bigger club /higher level and to allow young, foreign players to gain a work permit, or for business purposes, such as merchandising. The bigger club is usually a major level club that is the ‘Parent team’
Clubs, who have agreements with smaller clubs to be their feeder/sister teams, usually send their youth players on loan to gain valuable first team experience there. This form of football ecosystem is a smart, efficient and sustainable way to nurture talents as the parent teams’s players can gain precious experience and the lower level teams can have talented youngsters on their books with whom they can achieve their seasonal objectives.
There are many significant clubs in world football who have tie ups with such other clubs, most famous being the City Football Group whose main team is Manchester City and has stakes in clubs like MLS’s New York City FC, Melbourne City FC, Japanese J1 League club Yokohama F. Marinos, Uruguay’s Montevideo City Torque, Spanish Segunda division club Girona FC, Chinese club Sichuan Jiuniu, ISL’s Mumbai City FC, Belgian club Lommel SK and French club Troyes AC.
Another famous example is Red Bull’s network of football clubs. The Austrian energy drink brand’s primary club is Bundesliga’s RB Leipzig, based in Leipzig, and other clubs such as Austrian Bundesliga’s RB Salzburg, New York Red Bulls, Red Bull Brasil, Red Bull Bragantino and Red Bull Ghana. RB Salzburg has it’s own feeder club, FC Lifering which competes a tier below. All Red Bull club’s train their player’s to play an attacking, attractive style of Football which help’s the player’s integration once they transfer to another Red Bull club.
There are other club’s who have tie up’s like above like recently promoted Premier League club Watford, whose owner businessman Giampaolo Pozzo also owns Granada and Serie A club Udinese and there is constant movement in terms of transfers between the three clubs. Chelsea, a club famed for it’s myriad of talented youth players and criticism for it’s abuse of the loan system which has seen the club loaning an army of players every season has a feeder club relationship with the Dutch Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem where Chelsea loans many of its players.
The first impression is extremely important because it creates the granite foundation base for the way in which people perceive us. The famous saying : first impression is the last exist. Attire/ dress code provides people with the glasses through which they see us. This is precisely the reason why people should make every effort to create a good first impression.
What to wear to a dollar tree interview ?
Generally, most ofjobs interview callsyou to wear professional, or business attire but it should be the righteous one to reflect your personality. This might mean a suit jacket and slacks with a shirt and tie or a sweater and button-down. A blouse with skirt , dresses or shirt pantsis appropriate with clean tidy comfortable shoes.
The colour of the dresses matters . Basic neutral nudeminimal colours suits well and appropriate for any interview. Avoid wearing bright dark rainbow colours. It seeks attention and are eye catching.
Here’s what you must wear!
For men:-
· A good to go clean white ironed shirt , long sleeves , button up with black pants and formal shoes.
· White shirt button up with black or brown khaki pants .
· Black shirt with khaki pants and clean shoes.
· A five piecesolid coloured suitis also accepted .
For women:-
· A basic blouse with black pencil skirt and nude colourheels/flats.
· A vintage style silk white shirt with black/green/brown pants .
· Neutral button up shirts/tops with chinos or corduroys .
Recession is a massive decline in economic activities. When the spending capacity falls, recession takes place. Recession hinders the growth of the economy. It affects the economic indicators such as GDP, employment, income. All these indicators experience a fall due to recession. Simple concept of recession: When unemployment rate increases, purchasing power of the consumers falls. Due to less demand, market declines and businesses can face bankruptcy. Eventually, the overall economic growth is severely affected, which results in fall in GDP.
How does a Recession affect the Economic Indicators?
Recession has a negative effect on the economic indicators like income, employment, GDP. Recession causes fall in the employment rate. Since, people have lost their jobs, there is no source of income. GDP is the most important indicator. Real GDP measures the total value generated in a given time. When GDP becomes negative, productivity falls. When real income of the consumers fall, so does the demand for goods and services. Employment and real income are interlinked. Negative employment breeds negative income. Lack of demand in the market forces the businesses to produce less, causing fall in overall industrial production and manufacturing of goods. Sharp decline in the consumer spending is seen. The economic growth becomes negative and GDP of the country drastically falls and becomes negative.
Causes of a Recession
1.Rise in Interest Rates
Interest rates determine the investment strategies. The relationship between interest rate is negative. When interest rate falls, it encourages to invest more. But in case of recession, it is the opposite. Interest rates are higher during recession which leads to less investment.
2. Lower Confidence
Fall in employment opportunities compels consumers to restrict themselves from buying. This way the businesses face financial constraints caused by slow sales and have to cut back on the employees they have. Manufacturing of goods lowers. The confidence of consumers and sellers has lost.
3. Slow Production and Manufacturing
Decline in manufacturing orders reduces the production of goods and services. Less manufacturing orders is one of the causes of recession.
4. Deflation
Economy is slowed down due to falling prices. Reduction in the value of goods and services gives rise to high consumer expectation of lower prices which declines the present demand. Recession takes on the market as the demand falls.
5. Decline in Asset Prices
When prices of assets like gold, property falls, the overall wealth falls. Negative wealth leads fall in the spending capacity of the consumer
Impact of a Recession
Unemployment
Unemployment rate rises because when firms go bankrupt they will have to lay off the existing workers in order to reduce production cost and will higher limited workers. Rise in unemployment rate will have an impact on the income of the workers. Income of the consumers will decrease due unemployment.
2. Lower Wages
Salary of the workers will be affected due to recession. To keep lower cost of production, firms will reduce the salary of their employees. Workers will have to accept lower salaries due to rising unemployment.
3. Fall in Asset Prices
Falling prices of properties or lands will hamper the wealth of the consumer. Negative wealth will affect consumer’s confidence and this will cause less spending.
4. Rise in Government Spending
Government spending will have to be increased due to unemployment and lower incomes. Financial help will have to be given to the consumers. Expansionary fiscal policies will be implemented by the government in order to stabilize economic activities.
Pegasus is a highly sophisticated surveillance software developed by an Israeli tech firm called the NSO Group. The company is well known for creating specialized cyber weapons.
The first report of Pegasus came into public knowledge in 2016 when the software hacked an iPhone of an Arab human rights activist. Few days later Apple released an iOS update protecting its devices against the software. Later, in 2017 it was found that the system can hack android devices as well, following which, Google also launched an OS update to counter the dangerous software. In 2019, Facebook sued NSO Group for creating the surveillance software. These incidents struck fear for everyone in the world as they realized Pegasus is capable of hacking even the largest companies in the world.
How exactly can a device get attacked by the Pegasus software? Multiple reports suggest methods used for the software to enter a phone. It could happen when the user clicks on unknown links that are mysteriously sent to their phone. Even a single missed call can automatically be installed on a phone, and upon installation of the software, it automatically deletes the missed call from the log entry, making it unaware to the user about the hacking that has taken place on their device.
According to cybersecurity research, Pegasus will be able to access calls. Messages, apps, user location, camera and microphone from the device that has been hacked.
On July 18th, it was reported that documents evaluated by international media and agencies showed a list of phones numbers that are targeted for surveillance using the Pegasus software. European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen said on Monday that the spyware scandal involving the Israeli software firm and up to 50,000 smartphone numbers was “completely unacceptable” if true. “This has to be verified, but if it is the case, it is completely unacceptable,” she told reporters in Prague. It was also reported that 40 Indian journalists, as well as other public figures, politicians and activists, were attacked by the software.
Pegasus was meant to be used by governments on a per-license basis. NSO stated that it sells its spyware only to “vetted governments”. The home page of NSO Group’s website says the company creates technology that “helps government agencies” prevent and investigate terrorism and crime to save thousands of lives around the globe. NSO will not confirm whether the Indian government is a customer but the presence of Pegasus infections in the phones of journalists and others in India suggests that one or more official agencies here are actively using the spyware.
5) Alibaba: Alibaba.com is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in e-commerce, retail, internet, and technology. Its initial public offering (IPO) became the world’s largest IPO ever. They enable businesses to transform the way they market, sell and operate and improve their efficiencies. They also provide the technology infrastructure and marketing reach to help merchants, brands and other businesses to leverage the power of new technology to engage with their users and customers and operate more efficiently. It is based in Hangzhou, China and was founded in 1999 by Jack Ma. The current CEO is Daniel Zhang. The e-commerce giant had a market cap of $581 billion on June 30, 2020. In 2019, Alibaba’s revenue amounted to $56.15 billion.
4) Tencent: Tencent Holdings is a Chinese multinational technology conglomerate holding company. They globally market various Internet-related services and products, including in entertainment, artificial intelligence, and other technology. It is well known for its apps, online games, advertising, and messaging services like WeChat. It is headquartered in Shenzhen, China and was founded in 1998 by Ma Huateng, Zhang Zhidong and Chen Yidan. Huateng is still the CEO. On June 30, 2020 Tencent had a market cap of $614.68 billion and its 2019 revenue amounted to $56.6 billion.
3) Facebook: Facebook is the world’s most popular social networking site according to NASDAQ. They build technologies that help people connect with friends and family, find communities, and grow businesses. They also own WhatsApp, Instagram, Oculus and Onavo. It is based in Menlo Park, California and was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, who is also the CEO. It had a market cap of $647.15 on June 30, 2020 and reported a total revenue of $70.7 billion in 2019.
2) Alphabet: Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate and is the parent company of the multinational technology giant, Google. It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries. It was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin and is now headquartered in Mountain View, California. Alphabet’s current CEO is Sundar Pichai. Google had a market cap of $964.51 billion on June 30, 2020 and reported total revenue as $161.86 billion in 2019.
1) Amazon: Amazon is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It is one of the Big Five companies in the U.S. information technology industry. The company has been referred to as “one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world”, as well as the world’s most valuable brand. It was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos and is headquartered in Seattle. Amazon’s current CEO is Andy Jassy. It had a market cap of $1.38 trillion on June 30, 2020. In 2019, it reported $280.52 billion in revenue.
Religions exist in all parts of the world, in different forms. Religion is prominent worldwide because it gives answers to the age-old questions of where humans came from, what is our place in this world, and where do we go after we die. Religions are systems of belief that have developed in response to these and other eternal mysteries. Hence, they were formed as a way to explain humanity’s unanswerable questions and comfort us with the fact that there is some higher power(s) acting as the controlling force in the universe. With time, many new religions have developed in the world, each giving their own explanations and defining their own gods/principles. Obviously, it is impossible to know which religion is accurate, or whether any religion is accurate at all. However, it is important to understand the various religions we have in the world, as they provide meaning and purpose to many individuals. Here is a brief look at some of the major world religions.
Hinduism
It is the major religion of India, but is also present in other parts of the world. There are a variety of beliefs and spiritual practices in Hinduism, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a ‘way of life’ as opposed to a single organized religion. There is a pantheon of gods in Hinduism, and different people may worship different deities. Hindus believe in the doctrines of samsara (the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation) and karma (the universal law of cause and effect). One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is atman, or the belief in a soul. This philosophy holds that living creatures have a soul, and they are all part of the supreme soul (paramatman). The goal is to achieve moksha, or salvation, which ends the cycle of rebirths to become part of the absolute soul. Furthermore, Hindus strive to follow dharma, which is a code of living that emphasizes good conduct and morality.
Judaism
Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years. It is most commonly practiced in the USA and Israel. Unlike Hinduism, followers of Judaism believe in only one God who communicates to believers through prophets. The Jewish sacred text is called the Tanakh or the Hebrew Bible, and Talmud is a collection of teachings and commentaries on Jewish law and principles. Jewish people worship in holy places known as synagogues, and their spiritual leaders are called rabbis. The six-pointed Star of David is the symbol of Judaism.
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) more than 2,500 years ago in India. Its practice has historically been most prominent in East and Southeast Asia, but its influence is growing in the West. Followers of Buddhism do not acknowledge a supreme god or deity. Instead, they focus on achieving enlightenment, which is a state of inner peace and wisdom. When followers reach this spiritual echelon, they are deemed to have experienced nirvana. The path to enlightenment is attained by following morality, meditation and wisdom. Buddha’s most important teachings, known as The Four Noble Truths, are essential to understanding this religion.
Christianity
Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world. The Christian faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is also a monotheistic religion. Christians believe there is only one God, and he created the heavens and the earth. This divine Godhead consists of three parts: the father (God himself), the son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit. The Holy Bible includes Jesus’s and his disciples’ most important teachings, and offer instructions for how Christians should live. The cross is the main symbol of Christianity, representing the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and how he died as a sacrifice for everyone’s sins.
Islam
Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. Muslims are also monotheistic and worship only one, all-knowing god known as Allah. Islam teaches that Allah’s words first reached the people in Mecca, through the divine messenger known as prophet Muhammad. Muslims live a life of complete submission to Allah, and believe that all that happens in life is god’s will. The Quran is the major holy text of Islam, and Mosques are the places of worship for Muslims. Followers worship Allah by praying and reciting the Quran. They believe there will be a day of judgment, and life after death.
Conclusion
The religions mentioned here are only some of the most popular ones in the world. In fact, there are hundreds of religions with different beliefs and practices. Religion has been an aspect of culture for as long as it has existed, and its main purpose is to provide a person with insight into life and give them some meaning. A person can choose to follow whichever religion fulfils his spiritual needs and gives him something meaningful to believe in.
An enzyme that produces some mycotoxins less deadly has been discovered by a group of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) researchers at the London Research and Development Centre in London, Ont.
WHY IT MATTERS?
Mycotoxin infection in crops can have a massive monetary impact for farmers and biofuel producers, and consumption by humans or livestock can have serious health concerns, including death.
The discovery was an accident as per Dr. Mark Sumarah, a mycotoxin and fungal expert at the London Research and Development Centre.
Sumarah and his colleague Dr. Justin Renaud were initially seeking to discover more a few mycotoxin referred to as orchotoxin A and therefore the possible risk of it to contaminate Canadian grapes, and subsequently wine. Sumarah says orchotoxin A may be a significant mycotoxin worldwide, but there was not much data on its effect in Canada. Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites generated by fungi that inhabit crop species which prevents them to survive on plants, but when consumed they will put the health of humans and livestock at risk.
Long time ago, the investigators were observing the fungus Aspergillus to look for orchotoxin A, and located that Aspergillus produced not only orchotoxin A, but another sort of mycotoxin known as fumonisin. Sumarah says this wasn’t unforeseen, but what was a shock is that the fungus produced varieties of fumonisin that nobody had glimpsed in the past. The most interesting thing about these compounds was that although every formerly known fumonisin contains a nitrogen molecule, these new ones didn’t .
This made the scientists curious. Sumarah, and Renaud did further work to decide that nitrogen is the single-most valuable factor in the toxicity of fumonisins.
The scientists figured it had to be an enzyme. The team then successfully separated the enzyme responsible for transforming some fumonisins into types that need nitrogen, and began work in partnership with Lallemand Inc. through a Canadian Agricultural Partnership project to commercially create the enzyme for the decontamination of fumonisins. Lallemand may be a privately held company based in Quebec that produces yeast, bacteria the main target of the enzyme for the corporate like Deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins can contaminate crops and cause infection or develop challenges for livestock, and become concentrated in distillers grains from biofuel production.
Sumarah says that fumonisins are a worldwide problem and he has colleagues in areas where corn is a staple in the diet, such as South Africa and Latin America, who are concerned about fumonisins related to human health. Fumonisins are linked to esophageal cancers and there’s suspicion they’re linked to ectoderm birth defects and other cancers
Although commercialization of the enzyme is several years away, the research trio have an interest find an enzyme which will tackle DON.
Wow facts are the facts that will amaze you and will challenge your General knowledge and today I am here to challenge your quiz capacity…..wowwwww factssssssss …hope you will enjoy today’s blog….. So here are 10 wow facts
WOW FACTS 😊💞
Glaciers and ice sheets hold about 69 percent of the world’s freshwater….. To find the bulk of the world’s freshwater you need to trek to the poles, as 68.7% of it is encased in ice caps, permanent snow, and glaciers.
The best place in the world to see rainbows is in Hawaii. If you’re an avid rainbow gazer and want to get your fill of the beautiful phenomenon, look no further than the state of Hawaii.
New creatures have been found in deep-sea volcanoes. over 90 putative bacterial and archaeal genomic families and nearly 300 previously unknown genera.” Some research has linked hydrothermal vents, like deep-sea volcanoes, to the “origin of life.” So are we looking at the early signs of future land-dwellers?
North Korea and Cuba are the only places you can’t buy Coca-Cola. this fizzy drink is sold practically everywhere, it still hasn’t (officially) made its way to North Korea or Cuba, according to the BBC. That’s because these countries are under long-term U.S. trade embargoes.
There are more twins now than ever before. twins is it lucky to see twins well now it’s becoming common..From about 1915, when the statistical record begins, until 1980, about one in every 50 babies born was a twin, a rate of 2 percent
The world’s most densely populated island is the size of two soccer fields. Santa Cruz del Islote in the Archipelago of San Bernardo off the coast of Colombia may only be about the size of two soccer fields (two acres), but the artificial island has four main streets and 10 neighborhoods. Five hundred people live on the island in around 155 houses. With so many people packed into such a small space, it’s the most densely populated island in the world, according to The Guardian.
Indonesia is home to some of the shortest people in the world. Aerial view of Indonesia …. Though there are short people and tall people everywhere, Indonesia is home to some of the shortest people in the world, according to data compiled from various global sources
LIBERIA is only one country in the world that doesn’t use the metric system. Liberia is the only country with no metric system. For simplicity’s sake, most of the more than 200 countries in the world use the metric system when describing things like length or mass. However, there were recently three countries that stood out: Liberia, Myanmar, and the United States.
In 2018, Liberia commerce and industry minister Wilson Tarpeh said the government planned to adopt the metric system in order to promote accountability and transparency in trade, according to the Liberian Observer. Myanmar made a similar commitment, which leaves the U.S. as the lone holdout
The longest place name on the planet is 85 letters long.
People who live in Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill, Australia, need a little patience when it comes to learning to spell their hometown’s name. But you know what? So do the folks from Lake Chargoggagoggman-chauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg in Massachusetts and Tweebuffelsmeteen-skootmorsdoodgeskietfontein, South Africa.
I can’t read it
Only two countries use purple in their national flags. The flag of Nicaragua features a rainbow in the center that includes a band of purple, while the flag of Dominica boasts a picture of a sisserou parrot, a bird with purple feathers. These elements make them the only two flags in the world that use the color purple.
Eduindex 
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