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Life of Michelle Obama

Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama is an American attorney and author who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She was the first African-American woman to serve in this position. She is married to the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama.

Michelle LaVaughn Robinson was born on January 17, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois, to Fraser Robinson III (1935–1991), a city water plant employee and Democratic precinct captain, and Marian Shields Robinson , a secretary at Spiegel’s catalog store. Her mother was a full-time homemaker until Michelle entered high school

The Robinson and Shields families trace their roots to pre-Civil War African Americans in the American South. On her father’s side, she is descended from the Gullah people of South Carolina’s Low Country region. Her paternal great-great grandfather, Jim Robinson, was born into slavery in 1850 on Friendfield Plantation, near Georgetown, South Carolina. He became a freedman at age 15 after the war. Some of Obama’s paternal family still reside in the Georgetown area. Her grandfather Fraser Robinson, Jr. built his own house in South Carolina. He and his wife LaVaughn (née Johnson) returned to the Low Country from Chicago after retirement.

Robinson was inspired to follow her brother to Princeton University, which she entered in 1981. She majored in sociology and minored in African-American studies, graduating cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in 1985 after completing a 99-page senior thesis titled “Princeton Educated Blacks and the Black Community” under the supervision of Walter Wallace.

Robinson met Barack Obama when they were among the few African Americans at their law firm, Sidley Austin LLP (she has sometimes said only two, although others have noted that there were others in different departments). She was assigned to mentor him while he was a summer associate. Their relationship started with a business lunch and then a community organization meeting where he first impressed her.

Before meeting Obama, Michelle had told her mother she intended to focus solely on her career. The couple’s first date was to Spike Lee’s movie Do the Right Thing (1989). Barack Obama has said the couple had an “opposites attract” scenario in their initial interest in each other, since Michelle had stability from her two-parent home while he was “adventurous”.

During an interview in 1996, Michelle Obama acknowledged there was a “strong possibility” her husband would begin a political career, but said she was “wary” of the process. She knew it meant their lives would be subject to scrutiny and she was intensely private.

Although she campaigned on her husband’s behalf since early in his political career by handshaking and fund-raising, she did not relish the activity at first. When she campaigned during her husband’s 2000 run for United States House of Representatives, her boss at the University of Chicago asked if there was any single thing about campaigning that she enjoyed; after some thought, she replied that visiting so many living rooms had given her some new decorating ideas. Obama opposed her husband’s run for the congressional seat, and, after his defeat, she preferred he tend to the financial needs of the family in what she deemed a more practical way.

Don’t ever make decisions based on fear. Make decisions based on hope and possibility. Make decisions based on what should happen, not what shouldn’t

NCC

Introduction

The National Cadet Corps is the youth wing of the Indian Armed Forces with its headquarters in New Delhi, India. It is open to school and college students on voluntary basis as a Tri-Services Organization, comprising the Army, the Navy and the Air Wing, engaged in grooming the youth of the country into disciplined and patriotic citizens.

The soldier youth foundation in India is a voluntary organization which recruits cadets from high schools, higher secondary, colleges and universities all over India. The Cadets are given basic military training in small arms and drill. The officers and cadets have no liability for active military service once they complete their course.

Origin

In 1949, the Girls Division was raised in order to give equal opportunities to school and college going girls. The NCC was given an inter-service image in 1950 when the Air Wing was added, followed by the Naval Wing in 1952. In the same year, the NCC curriculum was extended to include community development/social service activities as a part of the NCC syllabus at the behest of Late Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru who took keen interest in the growth of the NCC. Following the 1962 Sino-Indian War, to meet the requirement of the Nation, the NCC training was made compulsory in 1963. In 1968, the Corps was again made voluntary.

Aim and Motto

The discussion for motto of NCC was started in 11th central advisory meeting (CAC) held on 11 August 1978. At that time there were many mottos in mind like “Duty and Discipline”; “Duty, Unity and Discipline”; “Duty and Unity”; “Unity and Discipline”. Later, at the 12th CAC meeting on 12 Oct 1980 they selected and declared “Unity and Discipline” as motto for the NCC. In living up to its motto, the NCC strives to be and is one of the greatest cohesive forces of the nation, bringing together the youth hailing from different parts of the country and molding them into united and disciplined citizens of the nation.

Skill development

The benefits of joining NCC include receiving basic military training. It develops the students’ interest in three forces – Air force, Army, and Navy. NCC is the first platform that provides opportunities to the cadets to check their efficiency to join the mainstream Indian Defence Services.

The cadets are imparted training in the use of arms, along with communication skills and personality development skills, he said. The NCC helps to develop leadership qualities in students. NCC cadets Indrajith and Yashaswi have been selected for Republic Day parade in New Delhi. The NCC helps to instil confidence.

NCC is an effective organization designed to mould the youth at their most impressionable age with the aims of developing qualities of character, courage, comradeship, discipline, leadership, secular outlook, spirit of adventure and sportsmanship and the ideals of selfless service among the youth to make them useful .

Learning

Discipline, basic arms training, team ethics, following orders, various kinds of physical activities, sports, tours to remote areas, etc. are some of the things you experience and learn in NCC. These lessons are invaluable and make the journey of learning beautiful.

Link

To Grow Mentally and physically

Growing mentally and growing physically are two completely different things. Growing mentally refers to a person’s psychological growth the way we think and deal with different situations, and by what methods we develop and disseminate information. Growing up physically refers to a person’s physical growth like increased height, strength, and health. It can also refer to the development of your brain.
” The key to success is to keep growing in all areas of life mental emotional, spiritual as well as physical.” A healthy body can help your mind stay strong.when your body isn’t fit, it’s tougher to make challenging decisions.
Some of the tips will help you to improve both simultaneously.


ENRICH YOUR MIND :


keep challenging yourself to learn new things. By doing this, will gain more knowledge about things around you, and you will learn how to utilize things in a better way. Don’t let yourself get stuck in one place, either mentally or physically. Be proactive, curious, conscious and informed about the world.


Use your brain more often by doing brain exercises:


Exercising your brain means using it more. Generally the brain takes part in everything we do, but there are some types of activities which are specifically exercise our brains. Activities like doing puzzles, playing games like chess or scrabble, solving numerical problems, studying difficult topics and changing your dexterity, spatial reasoning and logic. Doing these mental exercises daily can sharpen your mind , and it can be an excellent way to strengthens neural links in your brain.


CONSUME NUTRIENTS THAT ARE GOOD FOR BRAIN:


Take in nutrients which are good for your brain. Foods that have antioxidants like vitamin c,e,b etc are good for the brain.consuming almonds and apple juice is also good for sharpening the brain.

THINK CRITICALLY :


when we hear, read or work on something, It is very important than we question everything and pay attention to details.such an approach can improve our thinking ability because it requires more brain work than mere observations.


DO PHYSICAL EXERCISES :


A healthy body means a healthy mind; regular exercise has a positive influence our brains function. The brain takes in nutrients from the blood, which makes the brain healthier. Physical exercise is essential for enhancing mental power .


EAT HEALTHY FOODS :


spend some time to examine which kinds of food bring you up and which foods bring down. Creating a diet plan can make you feel good, and gives you a sense of self-development. This will boost your sense of success.


GET BETTER SLEEP AND TAKE NAPS:


Get as much sleep as you need, around Seven or eight hours, every night. While sleeping well does not guarantee good health, it does help you to maintain many vital functions. Perhaps most importantly sleep helps you recover from the wear and tear of daily life. Major healing functions in the body such as tissue repair, music and mental growth occur almost exclusively during sleep.


SPEED TIME WITH PEOPLE :


Build a good support system with the people around you. Whether it’s your family, friends, or something else, find a group of people who are willing to support you in any circumstances. This increases flexibility and helps to provide perspective in the midst of stress and discomfort.


STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS AND ALCOHOL :
using cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal drugs damage your mental and physical health. Decreasing mental and physical stability produces” false” emotions.


FIND A GOOD LISTENER :


Find someone who is eager to listen to you, who you can talk to openly and freely. This can help you in relieving stress and anger and can heal you mentally, which ultimately has an impact on your physical health.


LAUGH MORE :


Laughter is the best medicine for human health. Human increases dopamine, and it improves memory and health.


GET RID OF BAD HABITS THAT HURT YOUR CONFIDENCE :


If you have a habit of smoking too much, drinking alcohol too much, spending too much time online, or a different habit that’s hurting your confidence, take steps to eradicate them. Study books, watch good films, play games, watch dances, and listen to songs; do the things that make you feel relaxed. Many studies suggest that watching TV and using a computer late at night is bad for your health.


STAR YOUR DAY BY THINKING ABOUT ONE GOOD THING YOU CAN DO :


Generally, it’s just a matter of deciding to do something good. Develop the habit of finding a good deed to do each day. Set aims and goals and follow through with them to attain them. By setting goals and gradually working to attain them , you will grow mentally.

Ideal student

An ideal student is one who is good at skills and an motivation to everyone in the class. Schooling is one of the best blessings that a child can have. It is one of the best feelings which no others can have.

The ideal student is the one who respects others feelings and who will be obedient in many of the situations.

The student’s relation with the teacher is a great one. A student must maintain a healthy relationship with the teachers. Teachers play a very important role in making the student perfect and make them to understand the need of the situation. Teachers help the students to reach their desired goals and in any situation teacher motivates a student to get up and stand in all the ups and downs. Like that of the mother and the father, the teacher also feels equally happy when their student acheives high in their life and when they reach their desired goals.

An ideal student will never feel low at the failures. Instead, they will take their mistakes as an experience and will continue the hard work.

Some of the qualities that make an ideal student are :

  1. Hard work
  2. Discipline
  3. Taking responsibility
  4. Maintaining friendly relationships
  5. Respecting everyone
  6. Raising diubts without features.

SOME QUALITIES THAT MAKE AN IDEAL STUDENT FOR KIDS :

  1. • Ideal student traits make him uniqu, anong others.
    • It is believed that an ideal student will never waste his time and energy on non- productive things.
    • The ideal student has inborn winning qualities.
    • Ideal students will always goal- oriented. Thys, they play according to actions to reach their goals.
    • It is proven that ideal students will punctual in school and always on time regularly.
    • He respects everyone. He also obeys their instructions and others.
    • Ideal students are not bookwarms. They keenly observe and read wisely.
    • Ideal students take his studies with all seriousness. They dont’t allow any other activites to disturb them
    • Ideal students always seek the teacher’s guidance. Also, they believe in the knowledge of their teachers.
  2. SOME QUALITIES THAT MAKE AN IDEAL STUDENT FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS :
  1. • Ideal students are always thirsty to gain knowledge.
  2. • They always strive to reach their goals
    • Ideal students always dedicated to their education and work.
    • Ideal students behave well and very attentive in classes. They always listen to their teachers while classes are going on
    • They never hesitate to raise their doubts about studies if they feel some difficulty in understanding.
    • one of the best things about ideal students is that they are very friendly. Also, they help yo his friends regarding studies.
    • Ideal students are creative and think out of the box for any completion of tasks.
    • He always inspire eveyone and attracts the teachers and elders easily.
    • Ideal students are very responsible and underdtand the value of every wird from their elders.
  3. SOME QUALITIES THAT MAKE IDEAL STUDENT FO HIGHER CLASS STUDENTS :

• Ideal students are always fit both physically and mentally.
• Ideal students can differentiate between what is right and what is wrong .
• Ideal students always keep friendly relations with othet students even though he has many competitors
• He always maintains his promise and never feels proud of his awards and achievements.
• Ideal students will nevet trust in superstitions, but believe beliefs. It is because they think very logically abd ratinally.
• An ideal students tries to improvr in all aspects of his life and to reach goals.
• Ideal students show affection and respect towards their elders and parents.
• Ideal students read a lot of books.
• The ideal students will take responsibility for their society and country.
• An ideal student will never look fir shortcuts. They believe that hard work is the only way to succeed in life.


In simple terms, an ideal students is science towards academics and maintains friendly relations with teachers and elders. Aldo, an ideal student will have leadership and communication skills.
The role of an ideal student is both attentibe and punctual in duties. He goes to his school, college or university in time. He attends the classes on regular basis .

Do you know about Maritime laws in india ? Let’s see some marine offenses

Definition of maritime laws :

In its counterparts as public law , it widely known as “the law of sea “. It also called Admiralty law. the process of carrying goods through sea, rules concerning protection and maintenance of ships at sea, registration and damage to ships, marine insurance etc. , is covered under maritime laws .

As india is surrounded by water from the three sides , it created nature condition for Marin trade after the water territorial trade started.

Legislations prior to Independence : maritime laws in India were governed under the British government. There are some of the regulations which deal with various aspects of maritime in India.

  • Coasting Vessels Act, 1838
  • Indian Registration of Ships Act, 1841,
  • Admiralty Offences (Colonial) Act, 1849
  • Inland Steam Vessels Act, 1917
  • Indian Ports Act, 1908
  • Control of Shipping Act, 1947

Legislations after independence : after the  independence sea laws mostly governed under article 297 of the constitution. And there are different lex on waters, continental shelf, EEZ and other maritime zones.

Some of the acts are there , for maritimes affairs . This are

  • The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958
  • The Admiralty (Jurisdiction and Settlement of Maritime Claims) Act, 2017. 
  • Article 297 of the constitution

Marines crimes , are frequent offenses which  have been committing in sea . There are some marine offences mentioned below –

  • Maritime Piracy
  • Smuggling Exotic plants and animals
  • Unauthorized entry
  • Illegal Carrying of Weapons and artillery
  • Maritime Drug trafficking
  • Maritime Human Trafficking
  • Discharging in Ocean Waters
  • Sailing or fishing in unauthorized areas–
  • Tax evasion

Maritime piracy is an illegal act of violence, detention or destruction against a ship , on person or property, for private purposes, by the crew or passengers of a private ship . Piracy also includes inciting and intentionally facilitating such acts of violence, and voluntarily participating in the operation of a pirate ship . Pushiment for piracy is prescribed in anti maritime piracy bill 2019 , that is (i) life imprisonment ; or (ii) death , if the act of piracy is caused or seek to cause death.

Smuggling Exotic plants and animals : For a ship without authorization, its illegal to do Smuggling of exotic plants and animals for wildlife smuggling. This is because wildlife smuggling involves the isolation of plants and animals. When they arrived at the destination, they may not be able to adapt to the new place. Animals may also cause vulnerable diseases in people. And it may also leads to the serious illness or death of animals . To smuggle Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora , is crime in maritime law.

Unauthorized entry : the ship must seek permission from government of that nation , For entry in a nation’s marine boundary . Sailing on that nation’s waters without a permission is a maritime crime and punishable in all countries. And a person who illegally and secretly boards and hides in to the ship, without the consent of ship owner and master, to travel into international waters to reach some other country without any monitory payment and legal documents , is known as stowaway.

Illegal Carrying of Weapons and Artillery : to carry weapons and artillery, throughout the water territory of any country , which is not legally bonded , is a martime offence .Goods which are sensitive in nature can be transported by specific ships only . Bringing in weapons on a ship, is not authorized , it is a punishable offense.

Maritime Drug trafficking : maritime drug trafficking means transportation of illegal drugs produced in this region to global consumer markets through using ships . To sell drug, is illegal in itself and trafficking of it become more severe offence .

Maritime Human Trafficking : maritime Human Trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act , through exporting victim in other country vie ships .

Discharging in Ocean Waters : it refers to the sewage discharge done by the vessels and ships in the water territory of any nation . Marine pollution is a serious issue and almost all countries have strict policies against ships discharging sewage or oil into their coastal waters.

Sailing or fishing in unauthorized areas : it’s an offence to do sailing in an areas of water territory where the sailing or fishing is not allowed .

Tax evasion : ship owners trying to evade taxes through false documentation or incorrect representation of cargo material have been increasing rapidly, posing a threat to maritime security. It’s a white collar crime.

Happiness

Happiness is a state of mind which we possess when something good happens to us and we feel that goodness at our heart. This is an abstract feeling which is not materialistic and cannot be bought by money or some other possession. Happiness brings with itself a lot of positivity and also provides us with the motivation to go ahead and achieve other milestones. Happiness also maintains the zeal and enthusiasm for doing things and experiencing new paths. Happy state of mind also increases the age of people and lets them live a longer life.

Happiness is a key to healthy life; it sets a soul free and encourages it to explore the world and also gives us power. Happiness is a part of being successful in life it is that fruit which we all want to grow and thus we do so much of hard work throughout our entire life so that we can live a happy peaceful life after all. Happiness cannot be ever faked it comes straight out from our heart and it is priceless. At the end of a hard-earned day all we care for is some peace and happiness in our families and ourselves so that we can start another fresh day ahead.

4 levels of Happiness :

” Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence” . Of course, there are a number of different types of happiness and each person has different things in life that make them happy and unhappy. It is important for people to be self- aware and to truly understand what makes them happy and content as individuals. Take a look at the different types of happiness below and think about the things in your life that maku you happy.

There are main types of happiness, these being related to; pleasure, passion and purpose.

Pleasure :

Pleasure is important to us human beings but its related benefits are relatively short term. A delicious meal, a nice meeting with friends or listening to our favourite music all produce endorphins and offerus happy moments that can be the highlights of our day. However, these singular moments don’t equate to long- term satisfaction.

Passion :

Being passionate about something whether a hobby cause or group activity and actively being involved with it can be a great source of happiness. These activites deliver contentment in the medium term and provide a sense of achievement and variety in life

Purpose :

Feeling like you are part of something bigger than yourself and that your actions will really matter can lead to a deep sense of fulfillment and long- term happiness. We all like to think that our lives have menaing and if you can find your ” calling” or be part of great team, group or organisation that are making a difference then chances are you will be truly happy.

Ultimate Good :

The fourth level of happiness is known as ultimate good. This is a fundamental desire we have as human beings for perfect truth, goodness beauty and love . Many people find this form of happiness through their religious beliefs. Even those who don’t believe in a higher power can find happiness in their pursuit of truth, beauty, love and goodness in themselves and in helping others. This level is happiness is often considered the most enduring and profound.

Different types of Happiness :

1. Joy :

Joy is when you win a hard- fought competition, you finally accomplish a project you’ve wanted to or times when you doible over in uncontrolled laughter when someone relates a hilarious story. Joy makes you feel great about yourself, makes you feel confident, assertive, capable, loved and fulfilled.

The feeling of joy is fleeting joy is presemt at the moment. It is possible to feel joy despite grief or uncertainty. Happiness can be found in many things. It transforms tough times into blessimgs and turns heartache into gratitude.

2. Love :

Second, on the list pf different types of happiness is love. Which means other things to different people still, a wholesome ,reciprocared love with another person seems to be the fundamental predictor of happiness. Here, we are not just talking about romantic love, it means to love with friends and family, as well as partners. When you’re in love, you’ re blissfully happy all the time.

3. Contentment :

The secret of Happiness is contentment which means a state of happiness or satisfaction . It isn’t a matter of being satisfied with what you have. Contentment not only holds the power tobmake you happy, but it will transforms your life in many ways.

4. Optimism :

Optimism is a type of happiness that reflects the belief that events or experience outcomes will generally be positive. The key to attaining happiness is to have an optimistic approach to life, as optimism reflects hope and faith, helping people believe that this world is the right place

5. Gratitude :

Gratitude creates positive emotions, like different types of happiness, joy, love, and contentment, it can undo the hold of negative emotions. It goes hand in hand with mindfulness in its focous on the present and greatfulness for what we have now, rather than wanting more and more.

6. Excitment :

Excitment can be anything from about a new job or moving to a different place and motivates youbto work harder and channel that positive energy into more constructive activity. Excitements is fleeting. It dissipates rather quickly and can turn into ennui. It sometimes acts as a motivating factor , and execitment often leads people to likely make a decision. Even a bad one as excitment leads to impulsivity.

7. Pride :

Last on the list of different types of happiness is pride. Yes, pride and happiness go hand in hand. You can take pride in your work and your family, your haome and yourself, and in anything you put effort, attention, and love into. It is a positive feeling in reactive to a jouous event.

There are 7 essential keys to happiness and success that will help to materialize both those things in your life:

* Gratitude.

* Be present

* Manage time Effectively

* Set smarter Goals

* Embody an Empowering morning Routine

* Tackle the MITs

* Focus on Health and wellbeing.

To get the most bang for the happiness buck, I’ve realized that I should complete four stages of reveling in a moment of happiness :

* Anticipate with pleasure.

* Savor the moment as I experience it,

* express my happiness to myself or others,

* reflect on a happy memory.

Four happy hormones :

* Dopamine

* serotonin

* Endorphins

* oxytocin

Strategies of Happiness :

* Do more activities that truely engage you

* savor life’s joy

* Learn to forgive

* Practice acts of kindness

* Nature relationships

* cultivate optimisim

* Avoid overthinking and social comparison

* Develop strategies for coping

STAY HAPPY 🤩AND KEEP SMILING ALWAYS😁 .BE HAPPY 🥳

Unemployment

Unemployment has become one of the biggest problems around the world. When an individual is an implied, he or she will know very less about the mankind. It is so difficult to face situation and handle situations when the individual is unemployed. Unemployment leads to many silly mistakes. And an unemployed person cannot take over the family and lead the family as well. There is a huge competition in highly populated countries like India. In order to be employed, the only method is to study hard and improve the skills and score better. Basically, the students are not showing good amount of interest towards the studies. Let us now see how to motivate them.

Covid crisis has made many people unemployed. It has taken away the basic need of living. Many people are left with the unfilled stomachs. Some people are dead about by not finding a way to live.

Types of unemployment :

There are four main types of unemployment in an economy frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal and each has a different cause.

1. Frictional unemployment :

Frictional unemployment is caused by temporary transitions in workers lives, such as when a worker moves to a new city and has to find a new job. Frictional unemployment also includes people just entering the labor force, such as freshly graduated college students. It is the most common cause of unemployment, and it is always in effect in an economy.

2. Structural unemployment :

Structural unemployment is caused by a mismatch in the demographics of workers and the types of jobs available, either when there are jobs available that workers don’t have the skills for, or when there are workers availabes but no jobs to fill. Structural unemployment is most obvious in industries undergoing technological advancements.

3. Cyclical unemployment :

Cyclical unemployment is caused by declining demand. When there is not enough demand in an economy for goods and services, businesses cannot offer jobs . According to keynesian economics , cyclical unemployment is a natural result of the business cycle in times of recession: if all consumers become fearful at once, consumers will attempt to increase their saving at the same time, which means there will be a decrease in spending, and businesses will not be able to employ all employable workers.

4. Seasonal unemployment :

Seasonal unemployment is caused by different industries or parts of the labor market being available during different seasons. Fot instance, unemployment goes up in the winter months, because many agricultural jobs end oncr crops are have harvested in the fall, and those wotkers are left to find new jobs.

Consequences of unemployment in an Economy :

Low unemployment is key to economic stability High and long- term unemployment can cause significant stress on a nation in three key areas.

* Individuals :

Unemployed people have no ability to fulfill their financial obligations and can become mentally stressed, ill, and even homeless.

* Economic efficiency :

During times of high unemployment many job seekers will accept new jobs below their skill level, a situation called “underemployment ” which translates to a loss of human capital for an economys labor market. Unemployed workers will also significantly decreases their consumer spending, which is one of the driving forces of economic growth. Without consumer spending, the economy will slow dramatically.

* socio- political stability :

If unemployment remains high, citizen dissatisfaction can rise to the point of widespread civil unrest.

Possible solutions for Unemployment :

Solving unemployment is a hotly debated topic, and no economists agree on one simple way to do it. However, in the U.S ,if unemployment rises noticeably, the government usually steps in with specific policies designed to lower the total number of unemployed people.

1. Monetary policy :

Monetary policy is financial influence implemented by a central bank . Monetary policies usually come in the form of lower interest rates, which increase the total money supply within an economy by allowing banks and businesses more access to loans and therefore, more accessible spending power.

2. Fiscal policy :

If expansionary monetary policy doesn’t adequately lower the unemployment rate government agencies will turn to fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is fiscal stimulus implemented by the national government and fiscal policies include spending on infrastructure, proposingtax cuts , increasing the minimum wage, or implementing unemployment benefits. These methods are designed to inject more demand into private economy and strengthen economic activity.

Let us now see some of the ways to motivate the students to study and get employeed.

• Make things easier :

Showing the things easier and explaining them with clarity helps the students to show better interest on the subject and makes them to pay more attention on what the teacher is trying to convey. When the topics are shown easier for the students, they start learning them and they feel achieved and they pay more attention to study. When a student learns a particular topic or a question, he/she feels comfortable and happy for getting it. Once if they start reading, they develop the interest in them and they continue to read more and more.

• Tell the importance :

The students must be motivated with good number of words to understand the need of studying and what happens if they don’t study. A student is like a bird without the wings when they don’t study. So, it is very important to motivate students to study and to make them understand the need of the situation. Motivation brings the right change in the students who are not interested in learning. It develops the interest in them to study.

It seems good if the government provides good number of jobs.

Deserts

In the world we find varied geographical regions which includes mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus all with their own physical features. Desert is basically a piece of barren land which is filled with sand and lacks water bodies and have dry weather all along. In day time deserts are extremely heated up and at night it becomes chilling cold at the same place. In the Indian subcontinent we find desert in the western part of the subcontinent in the state of Rajasthan.

The animals and plants in the deserts have their own adaptations, among plants we find a variety of cactus, cactus plants have special adaptations to survive in the desert, they have fleshy stem which holds water in them which turns out to be useful when there is scarcity of water also they have very long roots which can penetrate deep inside the soil in search of water also they don’t have leaves and have thorns in place of them in cactus the food is prepared in the step as it contains chlorophyll and is green in color. Also, we find camel in desert their feet have adaptation to walk on the sand also they can survive with less water and they have long eyelashes to protect their eyes from dust storms.

Types of Deserts :

1. Coastal Deserts :

Coastal deserts occur in cool to warm areas along the coast. They have cool winters and long, warm summers. Coastal deserts are located on the west coasts of continents between 20° to 30° lattitude. Winds off the coast blows in an easterly pattern and prevents the moisture from moving onto the land. The Namib desert in Africa and the Atacama desert in chile are coastal deserts.

2. Subtropical Deserts :

Subtropical deserts the hottest deserts. They are found in Asia, Australia, Africa and North and south America. In the united states, the chilhuahuan, sonoran and Mojave are all subtropical deserts. Subtropical deserts are very hot and dry in the summner and cooler but still dry in the winter. Rainfall happens in short bursts. The air is so hot and dry in these deserts that sometimes rain evaportaes before it even has a chance to hit the ground. The soil in subtropical deserts is usually either sandy or coarse and rocky.

Plants and animals in subtropical deserts must be able to withstand the hot temperatures and lack of moisture. Shrubs and small trees in the subtropical desert usually have leaves adapted to retain moisture. Animals in sbtropical deserts are usually active at night, when it is cooler.

3. Cold wintet Deserts :

Cold winter deserts are also known as semiarid deserts . They have long, dry summers and cold winters with low rain or snowfall. In the united states the Great basin, the colorado plateau and the Red Desert are all cold winter deserts. Other cold winter deserts include the Gobi desert in china and Mongolia and the patagonian desert in Argentina. The lack of rainfall in cloud winter deserts is often caused by the rainshadow effect. The rainshadow effect happens when a high mountain range stops moisture from reaching an area. The Himalayan Mountain prevent rainfall from reaching the Gobi desert.

4. Ploar Deserts :

Polar deserts are found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Like warmer deserts, they also get very little precipitation.polar deserts are cold year- round.

Largest Desert in the world :

The antarctic polar Desert, which makes up the vast majority of Antarctica, is the largest desert in the world. In fact this single desert is larger than the combined size of the Gobi Desert, the Arabian Desert, and the sahara Desert.

* The driest desert of the world Atacama is surely the most dangerous desert of all.

The strongest animal in the Desert :

Based on strength to weight ratio, the dung beetle of the scarab is the strongest creature on earth. They can lift 1141 times their own body weight. It helps them a lot in finding the mate and food. The dung beetles also constitute a large percentage of scarab family.

The 7 hardest Animals to Hunt :

* Leopards

* Mountain Goats.

* Elk

* Eland.

* cape Buffalo

* Roan and sable

* Bears.

what can kill you in the Desert?

Aside from the oppressive heat and lack of water, the desert is also full of critters that can bite and sting. Some of these guys can even kill you if you aren’t able to find medical help. Spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and snakes are all found in dark places , abandoned builidings and under rocks.

Most Famous Deserts :

* Namib Desert – Africa

* Atacama Desert – South Americs.

* sahara Desert – Africa

* Gobi Desert – china

* Mojave Desert – Nevada

* Antarctic Desert – Antarctica

* Sonoran Desert – USA

* Thar Desert – India

* Rub’al khali – saudi Arabia

* Tabernas Desert – spain

* Taklamakan Desert – central Asia

* pinnacles Desert – Australia

* Salar de uyuni Desert – Bolivia

* Dasht- e kavir – Iran

* Chihuahuan Desert –New Mexico

* White Desert, Farafra – Egypt

Ethics

Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the issue of morality. It implies the concepts of what right and wrong conducts are. Ethics define how a person should act in some specific situations. It is not a new term, but it has been there since the Stone Age. Different religions and many philosophers have also made a substantial contribution to ethics.

There are different branches of ethics. First of all, comes descriptive ethics. Descriptive ethics include what people actually consider right and wrong. Accordingly, laws are made regarding that and if they are even acceptable or not. The moral principles of society keep on changing from time to time. However, the basic ethics remain the same. Descriptive ethics are also called comparative ethics. They are given the name comparative ethics as they are used to compare the ethics of past and present scenarios. Also, they are used to compare the ethics of different societies as well.

Then comes the next branch of ethics- Normative Ethics. Normative Ethics deals with some specific norms or a set of considerations. These norms indicate how people should act in some given situations. These ethics set out the rightness or wrongness of people’s actions. Normative Ethics are also known as prescriptive ethics. This name is given as there are principles involved with these ethics and those principles determine whether the actions of people are right or wrong in different situations.

Types of ethics :

1. Deontological Ethics :

* In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself

* Deontology is an ethical theory that uses rules to discern the moral course of action. Diffusion of responsibility. Diffusion of responsibility occurs when people fail

* Deontology morality is about following a system of rules, like ” Do Not Lie ” or ” Do Not Steal” .

* Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending Deontological ethics.

2. Utilitarianism :

* The most common example of normative ethical theories are utilitarianism, kantian duty- based ethics and divine command theory.

* utilitarianism means, act in your own self- interest. Utilitarianism is that which is moral only if the act produces the greatest.

* Utilitarianism is a moral theory that implements fair choices is an effort to ensure the least amount of harm is done to all parties involved.

* However, some contemporary utilitarians , such as peter singer, are concerned with maximizing the satisfaction of preferences, hence prefernce utilitarianism.

* utilitarianism is an ethical theory that asserts that right and wrong are best determined by focusing on outcomes.

3. Consequentialism :

* consequentialism refers to moral theories that hold the consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral judgment about that action.

* consequentialism is a class of normative, teleological ethical theories that holds that the consequences of one’s conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment.

* consequentialism is an ethical theory that judges an action’s moral correctness by its consequenes. Corporate social Responsibility.

* on our definition of consequentialism, only the direct view is a genuinely consequentialist position, and rule consequentialism.

4. Professional Ethics :

* Rules imposed on an employee in a company, or as member of a profession. For instance, journalists, doctors, lawyers. Etc.

* professional ethics encompass the personal and corporate standards of behavior expected by professionals.

5. Applied ethics :

* Applied ethics is the branch of ethics which consists of the analysis od specific, controversial moral issues such ad abortion, animal rights, or euthanasia.

*Applied Ethics includes a philosophical examination of certain public and private life problems. The examination of those issues generally takes place from a moral standpoint. This branch of ethics is generally used by professions like doctors, teachers, etc.

* Applied ethics which deals with the actual application of ethical priniciples to a particular situation. While it is helpful to approach the field of ethics.

6. Virtue Ethics :

* virtue ethics is an approach to ethics that emphasizes an individual’s character as the key element of ethical thinking, rather than rules about the acts themselves.

* virtue ethics not only idea deals with the rightness or wrongness of individual actions, it provides guidenece as to the sort of characteristics and behaviour a good person will seek to achieve.

An abstract way of analyzing ethics is called Meta-Ethics. They do not deal with whether the actions are right or wrong, rather they question what morality is.

Why should we care about our privacy?

Privacy in general terms is the right to be left alone or freedom from interference or intrusion. In terms of the internet, privacy is the right to have some control over how your personal information is collected and used.

More technical innovation gives way to more efficient and advanced technologies. In recent years the information has become the most important component to cultivate this innovation. As many new people are coming on the internet and the amount of information being shared is increased manifold. Every organization or individual is entering the realm of the digital world and data is the entity of this world. Data is also very essential to understand a user or a customer or a client but sometimes there is no limit to the amount of data that an internet corporation is willing to extract. Somewhere there has to be a line that needs to be drawn. In recent years there have been many issues regarding the privacy policy of many tech corporations. Facebook has been in controversy much time. Recently Whatsapp’s privacy policy also raised many questions, then in an ironic move Whatsapp raised the question of privacy by suing the government regarding the new Information technology rules. But this is just the tip of the iceberg and numerous other aspects get overlooked. First, we will need to understand what this privacy means for us as individuals. Only then we can clearly determine the relevance of these rapidly changing developments in this subject.  

“Arguing that you don’t care about the right to privacy because you have nothing to hide is no different than saying you don’t care about free speech because you have nothing to say.”

-Edward Snowden

It’s not that privacy means that there is something to hide; rather privacy is having things you don’t want to show. For instance, people would not like to post their Bank account online or Bank statements. People would also not like to have a public camera inside their homes. Similarly, there are some things that an individual would not like to share online. Privacy can provide secrecy, but there is more to it. Privacy also provides autonomy and therefore freedom to an individual. Well, there is even more to privacy than the freedom that many people do not realize which is that when we think we’re being watched, we make behavior choices that we believe other people want us to make.  Humans intrinsically like to avoid societal condemnation and perception of whether or not we are in private changes the way we behave. This indicates the benefit that a state can have with surveillance and can lead to a conformist population.

As it is stated by many that data is the oil and for many tech organizations it truly is. We can witness this with the various technological corporations that rely upon user data including Facebook, Google, Amazon etc. But Even Smartphone manufacturers like Xiaomi have realized the lucrative benefits of collecting and selling user data. For these companies, our data is money and they earn billions of dollars with this data. Both the private tech giants have clauses in their privacy policy that allows government agencies and third parties to access the data. The data that gets uploaded on the internet never gets deleted and stays there forever. What we have to realize is that even if the information seems futile today, it may have an importance tomorrow. In conclusion, privacy is not a trivial issue and people will have to understand its importance until it’s too late.

References:

Water

Water is the basic needs of the individual for the Survival. Some of the things like oxygen, water, food are very essential for the individual to live. After the oxygen, water is very much important for the individual survival and for the whole environment as well. Water is used in the daily basis for many of the activities like drinking, cleaning, watering, and also for some of the electric purposes etc.

There are plenty of water in the seas but there is no use of them. Because, all the seawater are salty and not food for drinking purpose. They can be made for drinking by some of the beautification methods which takes lots of processes and also the time. Scarcity of the water is not only the India’s problem but also the global problem.

If the wasteage of water is continued in the same way, there will be a day where no water can be found for drinking purposes and for some of the utility purposes. Most of the people waste water without any need. Using water for the purposes are all good but Wasting the water without any reason is a bad habit that an individual must not develop. It is very easy to waste water rather than saving the drop.

The main sources of water are surface water, ground water and rain water.

Importance of water :

Water is very important to the human body. Every one of your cells,organs and tissues use water to help with temperature regulation, keeping hydrated and maintaining bodily functions. In addition, water acts as a lubricant and cushions your joints. Driniking water is great for your overall health. Because your body loses water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it’s important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water.

Water delivers important nutrients to all of our cells,especially muscle cells, postponing muscle fatigue. Water helps weight loss. Water helps you feel full longer,without adding any additional calories.

Benefits of Drinking water :

* Increases Energy & Relieves Fatigue. Since your brain is mostly water, drinking it helps you think, focus and concentrate better and be more alert.

* promotes weight loss.

* Flushes out Toxins.

* Improves skin complexion

* Maintains Regularity.

Best source of water :

1. Watermelon – water content : 92%

2. Strawberries – water content : 91%

3.cantaloupe – water content : 90%

4.peaches – water content : 89%

5.oranges – water content : 88%

6. Skim Milk – water content : 91%

7. Cucumber – water content : 95%

8. Lettuce – water content : 96%

9. Broths and soups – water content : 92%

10. Zucchini – water content : 94%

11. Celery – water content : 95%

12. Plain yogurt – water content: 88%

13. Tomatoes – water content : 94%

14. Bell peppers – water content : 92%

15.cauliflower – water content : 92%

16. Cabbage – water content : 92%

17. Grape fruit – water content : 88%

18. Coconut water- water content : 95%

19. Cottage cheese – water content: 80%

Disadvantages of water :

It is said that too much consumption of water can lead to fluid overload in the body and imbalance in the body. Excess water can lead it lower sodium levels in the body, which may further lead to nause, vomthing, cramps, fatigue. This condition is known as hyponatremia.

The best method to save water is to use in limited amounts. That is, to limit the water without wasting much water.