The Indian Rebellion in 1857 represented an important, but eventually unsuccessful, revolt in India between 1857 and 1858 against the British East India Company, a sovereign power in the name of the British Crown. In the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northwest of Delhi (now old Delhi), rebellion began on the 10th of May 1857 as a mutiny of corporate army troops. It then broke out in other rebellions, mainly in the upper Gangetic plains and central India, although there were also more northern and east incidents. In that area, the rebellion posed an extensive threat to the British power and was only contained in Gwalior ‘s defeat on 20 June 1858. The British gave amnesty on 1 November 1858 to all non-assassinated rebels, even though they did not formalize their hostilities until 8 July 1859. His name is disputed, defined in different ways as Sepoy Mutiny, Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the 1857 Rebellion, the American Rebellion, the First War of Independence.

Indian rebellion was nurtured by resentments emerging from diverse perceptions, including intrusive social reforms of the British type, harsh taxes on land, a gradual withdrawal by rich landowners and princes, and uncertainty about improving British rule. However, many Indians fought also for the British and most of them tended to be in line with the British law. On both sides, British officers and civilians, including women and children, were targeted by rebels and their allies, including sometimes whole towns, on terror, sometimes betraying unprecedented brutality, by British.

Following the outbreak at the Meerut mutiny, the rebels soon arrived at Delhi, which was proclaimed emperor Hindustan by its 81-year-old Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar. Eventually, large tracts of the North-West and Awadh provinces were occupied by the rebels. The response of the East India Company also came quickly. Kanpur and Delhi were recovered by the middle of July 1857 with the aid of reinforcements. It took the rest of 1857 and the best part of 1858 for Jhansi, Lucknow, and particularly the landscape of Awadh to suppress the rebellion. Other corporate managed regions in India — Bengal, Bombay, and Madras — have largely remained calm. In the Punjab, the Sikh princes supported the UK decisively by supporting and supplying troops. In the words of Governor-General Lord Canning, the large princely nations, Hyderabad, Mysore and Kashmir, and the smaller Rajputana, did not join the uprising, serving the British as “breakers in a storm.”

The revolt took on the characteristics of a patriot revolt against the British oppression in certain regions, especially Awadh. The rebels, however, did not declare articles of faith for a new constitutional structure. However, the rebellion proved a significant pillar in the history of the Indian and British empires. It caused the East India Company to split and compelled the British, in the passage of the Government of India Act 1858, to reorganise the army, the financial system and administration in India. The British government directly administered India in the emerging British Raj thereafter. Queen Victoria released a declaration on 1 November 1845 to the Indians, who promised equal rights to other British subjects, though lacking the legitimacy of a constitutional clause. Over the next decades, the Indians had to make strong reference to the Queen’s proclamation with the admissions of a new nationalism, when they were not always admitted to such privileges.

Fortis, a private hospital released a statement about 27-year-old woman who tested positive for the virus again which appears to be a scary situation of the recurrence of such devastating virus.

The woman was tested positive in July for the first time after she got symptoms fever of cough, she was fit after treatment and tested negative. Her symptoms were also not a severe one. After being discharged from the hospital, her symptoms of COVID erupted again in one month.

In an interview Dr Pratik Patil, Consultant, Infectious Diseases, Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road mentioned, “In the first week of July, the patient was symptomatic (fever, cough and sore throat) and was tested positive. She was admitted to the hospital and recovered well. A repeat test was conducted on her, which turned out to be negative, post which she was discharged on July 24. However, nearly after a month, in the last week of August, she developed mild symptoms again and has tested positive again. Both times she did not have any severe disease. This is possibly the first reported case of COVID reinfection in Bangalore.”

He further added, “’Usually, in case of infection, the COVID Immunoglobulin G antibody is tested positive after two to three weeks of infection. However, in this patient, the antibody has tested negative, which means she did not develop immunity after infection. There is second assumption to this that the IgG antibodies disappeared in nearly one month, leaving her susceptible for reinfection. Reinfection in someone means that antibodies may not be produced by every individual or if they do develop, they may not last long enough, and therefore, allowing the virus to enter the body and cause the disease again.”

AGRIOTA is an ecommerce platform to connect the agro traders and Indian farmers. The geographical and environmental conditions of UAE are not suitable for growing crops with in the country so it is completely dependent on import. Whereas India is a one of the largest producer of agricultural products. AGRIOTA is a recently launched portal which connects farmers and traders of UAE without any intermediate or agent. It is a very good opportunity for Indian farmers to do business and have good income.

Shopping trends are changing rapidly everything is shifting to digital sellers and buyers are getting connected directly. Not only AGRIOTA but also many other e commerce platformso like Amazon ,JIO mart ,flipkart and groffers are there which can be a good marketplace for agro products. This will not only improve the economy of the country but also improve the social lifestyle of Indian farmers they will be able to afford good medical facilities and their children will get good education and will contribute towards nation.

The Indian government should run awareness campaign to educate Indian farmers about the opportunities in digital selling and ecommerce and provide adequate aid and facility to the farmers so that can produce agro products in good quality and quantity. In the recent GDP report of first quarter Agriculture was the only sector to show positive growth rate. Agricultural sector have full potential to make India one of the strongest economy in the world.

Last few months I have completed, six courses launched by World Health Organisation (WHO) and thus I have received few videos, materials, links etc. from WHO.  Based on ‘World Health Statistics 2020: A visual summary’ published by WHO, few important points are presented here for the benefit of readers, academicians and scholars. Since this article is based on international publication so researchers can use for further research.  

   Before starting of the discussion, it is pertinent to mention that, all human beings desire to survive with healthy life. Long ago, Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore wrote a beautiful Bengali poem and from there one line I am quoting in English alphabet “Morite chahi na ami sundor bhubone…Manober majhe ami bachibare chai” (meaning in general is ‘in this beautiful world I don’t like to die, rather would like to survive among the human beings’). For leading a healthy life, all the Governments in the world have been trying their best for their citizens by spending a good amount from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on health. In addition, World Health Organisation (WHO) has been doing excellent work in this area as we know its role during COVID19 crisis.

    In 2005 a new concept has been developed by the World Health Organisation known as the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), an agreement between 196 countries and territories to work together for global health security. They are a commitment to develop and improve public health capacities that make the world ready to respond to emerging public health emergencies. And for this purpose, 13 indicators have been prepared and for the benefit of readers I am presenting all:  Legislation and financing, Coordination and focal point, Zoonotic events, Food safety, Laboratory, Surveillance, Human resources, Health emergency framework, Health service provision, Risk communication, Points of entry, Chemical events and Radio nuclear emergencies. The IHR scoring system exists to measure a country’s ability to prepare for and respond to these health emergencies. Anyway, according to World Health Organisation, “the global outbreak of COVID-19 will have an unprecedented – and as yet unknown – effect on our work towards a healthier world”. “This year’s World Health Statistics report makes clear that the global efforts in recent decades have been fetching good result”.

 According to me first important point from the publication is concept of Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE).  Life expectancy gives an indication of how long a population is expected to live on average. But Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) reveals the true health of a person. It’s about both length of life and quality of life. Not just the number of years the average person lives, but the number of years they can expect to live in good health. And the inspiring news is that, “between 2000 and 2016, HALE increased globally by 8% from 59 years to 63”.

Since 2000, the risk of a child dying before their fifth birthday has halved in the African region. This is due, in part, to gains made in vaccination coverage for specific diseases. From 2000 to 2018, global coverage of DTP3 (Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) immunization has increased from 72 percent to 86 percent. During the same period, MCV2 (Measles-containing-vaccine second-dose) immunization coverage has gone up from 18 percent to 69 percent. Also from 2008 to 2018, PCV3 (Pneumococcal conjugate 3rd dose) immunization coverage has scaled up from 4 percent to 47 percent.  But according to the publication under-5 mortality remains a major problem in Africa, where the rate is more than eight times higher than the European countries (in 2018). Another point is about the maternal death. The death of women as a result of complications during or following pregnancy and childbirth reflects the global inequalities in access to quality health care.  In the world, between 2014 and 2019, 81 percent of births were attended by skilled health personnel. The issue lies with African countries as Africa’s data is 525 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births which is seven times greater than the target.

Further, according to the publication, incidences of HIV, TB and malaria have decreased globally since 2000, yet they still pose a major threat. Indeed, progress in the fight against malaria has stalled in most regions since 2014 but HIV has increased in Europe and Eastern Mediterranean compared with 2000.

   Before conclusion, I wish to mention that, “the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for global cooperation to improve population health. In order to achieve the health targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is critical that we monitor progress on all fronts to reduce inequalities, address climate change and strengthen health systems, so that no one is left behind”.

Dr Shankar Chatterjee, Hyderabad

Most of the time books are better than movies. Books can let you imagine the setting or events happening in the story. Movies tend to last about two hours and books take their time and last longer. Movies rush things so that they can end it fast and there. Not everyone has access to movies or can afford going to movie theatres but books can be borrowed at the library or from a friend.

Scientists at Stanford University proved that the process of reading trains the cognitive abilities of the brain. This effect doesn’t occur when watching TV or playing computer games.

When we read a book, we tend to visualize the characters a certain way and in movies they don’t look like the way we want them too. It disappoints us in many ways. I’ve read books before that have a plot twist at the end and in the movie it never happens.If you want to know a certain people’s culture better, you’d better read their books. Watching movies would be not preferable in this case.

When you start a novel, you dive into a whole new world and set pictures of the characters and settings in your mind. But this is not true in case of movies. You are blocked to that particular level of settings on the screen. Plus, the actors are the ones you usually already know, and their previous work reflects in your mind. You may also not like a part of the cast or the whole of it for some reason.

With a book J.K. Rowling can spend 10 pages describing a magical candy store and your brain is engaged. Your mind creates the world that is described before you. It’s a very active process. It’s intimate. It’s just you and the author. You’re sharing something private.

Now it’s a movie. Do you want to spend 10 minutes of the movie looking at the shelves of that magical candy store? You’d be bored out of your mind. Why? Well, the experience has gone from an active one to a passive one. Now you’re being shown that store, and maybe it’s not the way you imagined it would be. That’s not the way you thought that character would look or sound. He didn’t have that weird laugh. Also, what happened to that other character or event that was in the book? They left that whole part out and that’s sad.

You can have morals in books that don’t exist in movies b/c studios need mass appeal,Books make you think in ways that movies don’t usually trigger,Reading gives a quicker wit to the mind then movies which produce a sort of numbed brain effect. Which is not inherently bad,You can read anywhere.
Once Ray Bradbury said that-
You don’t have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading them.”