Long after the dinosaurs were extinct from this world, Megalodon sharks were called as the biggest and the greatest hunters that chewed everything into pieces. It was known as the king of the ocean and was found everywhere in the largest water bodies. It was 2.5 million years ago when the last Megalodon sharks were seen. When the modern archaeologists searched areas, the only thing they found was a set of huge teeth that belonged to the Megalodon sharks.

These sharks had a short snout, a flat lower jaw, and a set of long and massive pectoral fins that supported its heavy weight. It is believed that the ancestors of the great white sharks were present during the Megalodon era. As Meg was not fast due to its huge body, the movements and actions were slower than that of those white sharks which were much nimble. The researchers said that the great whites would often quarrel with the giant megs for food and would actually win. They were successful because they were faster that Megs and would steal their prey before Meg could catch it.

Megalodon had no food and had to eat whales, another huge marine animal. Adult Megs could easily catch a whale but when it comes to the baby megs, they were very small and super vulnerable. Baby Megs were twice smaller in size to that of the great whites. Baby megs often made a good meal for the great whites, bull sharks, and tiger sharks which caused a threat to the survival of the Megs.

Even if the case was that the baby Megalodon was safe and not confronted by the great whites, they weren’t able to find food for themselves. The population of other sharks increased and they took all the food for themselves. That resulted in the starvation of the budding Megalodon.

As the earth was warmer before and didn’t have extreme climates it was easy for Megs to live as they prefer warm water. Soon the poles of the earth started to get colder which was another threat to the Megs . The extreme change of temperature didn’t bother the whales and many marine animals as they were adjusting to the situation. Megs on the other hand were unable to do so which left them alone in the water with no food.

Soon, Megalodons were no more.

Article by : Haniah Mirza

INTRODUCTION –  Human body is complex. It consists of several organs, nerves, blood vessels, all structured in a specific way, performing a defined work for the sustenance of the individual. The body can be compared to a building with multiple rooms, all intertwined, giving rise to a beautiful building. But even a building has a basic unit from which it is made. It is a brick. Several bricks together structured in a defined way pave way for the building. Similarly, in a human body, which is often compared to a building with God being its engineer, the basic unit is a Cell.

Never try to view Cells through naked eyes. Because it won’t be possible as cells are microscopic and can only be viewed with the help of high-power microscopes!

Number of Cells –  Is the number of cells in the body of an organism defined? Is it that a dog has ‘n’ number of cells and a cat has ‘x’ number of cells?

Cells are present in different organisms in different numbers and vary in shape and performance. As far as the number of cells in an organism is concerned, it runs in 

billions and trillions and it is nearly impossible to take an actual count of the cells.

Organisms made of more than one cell are called multicellular. Whereas, organisms that sustain with only a single cell are called unicellular organisms.

Shape of cells –   Generally, cells are round, spherical, and elongated in shape. Some are pointed at the ends and all these cells carry out different functions. Other shapes may also be present but that is totally dependent on the function of that specific cell.

 Cell Size –  How big are cells if they run into billions and trillions are still not visible without the help of a microscope?

Well, the size of cells in living organisms may be as small as a millionth of a meter or maybe as large as a few centimeters. The smallest cell is 0.1 to 0.5 micrometer in bacteria. The largest cell is that of an ostrich which measures 170mm*130mm.

Cell structure and function – As stated earlier, the human body is a complex structure made up of different organs. Each organ has a particular function to perform and is inevitable to an individual. The organ is made of tissues that are nothing but a group of similar cells performing a specific function.

Therefore cells combine together to form a tissue and tissues, in turn, combine to give rise to an organ. 

Parts of a cell –  Just like the body is made up of organs, organs form tissues and tissues form cells, similarly, a cell also has certain components from which it is made. Components that keep it safe and aid in its living among billions of other cells.

Let us look into some of the important parts of the cell.

a) CELL MEMBRANE – The other two important parts of a cell, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus are enclosed within this membrane. The membrane separates cells from one another and also the cell forms the surrounding medium to ensure its continuity. The membrane is porous and allows easy movement of substances or materials both inward and outward.

b)CYTOPLASM – It is the jelly-like substance present between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Various other components of the cell are safely enclosed in the cytoplasm.

c)NUCLEUS- It is an important component of the living cell. It is generally spherical and located in the centre of the cell. The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane. The nucleus, in addition to its role in inheritance, acts as the control centre of the activities of the cell. 

Conclusion-   Cell is indeed a wonderful creation. With a microscopic size and various functions to perform, carrying inside it so many components, it is definitely a wonder to read and know about it. 

1. Arianna Huffington got rejected by thirty six publishers.
   It’s laborious to believe that one among the foremost recognizable names in on-line publications was once rejected by 3 dozen major publishers. Huffington’s second book, that she tried to publish long before she created the currently ubiquitously recognizable Huffington Post empire, was rejected thirty six times before it absolutely was eventually accepted for publication.
   Even Huffington Post itself wasn’t a hit promptly. In fact, once it launched, there have been dozens of extremely negative reviews concerning its quality and its potential. Obviously, Huffington overcame those initial bouts of failure and has cemented her name jointly of the foremost productive shops on the net.
2. Gates watched his initial company crumble.
   Bill Gates is currently one among the world’s wealthiest people, however he didn’t earn his fortune in a very line to success. Gates entered the entrepreneurial scene with a corporation known as Traf-O-Data, that aimed to method associated analyze the info from traffic tapes (think of it like an early version of massive data).

He tried to sell the thought aboard his business partner, Paul Allen, however the merchandise barely even worked. it absolutely was a whole disaster. However, the failure didn’t hold Gates back from exploring new opportunities, and a couple of years later, he created his initial Microsoft product, and cast a replacement path to success.

3. George Steinbrenner bankrupted a team.
   Before Steinbrenner created a reputation for himself once he noninheritable possession of the the big apple Yankees, he closely-held atiny low five known as the Cleveland Pipers back in 1960. By 1962, as a results of Steinbrenner’s direction, the whole franchise went bankrupt.

That stretch of failure gave the impression to follow Steinbrenner once he took over the Yankees within the Nineteen Seventies, because the team struggled with variety of setbacks and losses throughout the Eighties and Nineties. However, despite public worry and criticism of Steinbrenner’s moot selections, eventually he LED the team to a tremendous comeback, with six World Series entries between 1996 and 2003, and a record jointly of the foremost profitable groups in conference Baseball.

4. filmmaker was told he lacked creative thinking.
   One of the foremost inventive geniuses of the twentieth century was once discharged from a newspaper as a result of he was told he lacked creative thinking. attempting to hold on, film producer shaped his initial animation company, that was known as Laugh-O-Gram Films. He raised $15,000 for the corporate however eventually was forced to shut Laugh-O-Gram, following the shut of a very important distributor partner.

Desperate and out of cash, film producer found his thanks to Hollywood and long-faced even a lot of criticism and failure till finally, his initial few classic films began to skyrocket in quality.

5. Steve Jobs was shod from his own company.
   Steve Jobs is a powerful bourgeois attributable to his infinite innovations, however conjointly attributable to his emphatic comeback from associate nearly forgotten failure. Jobs found success in his 20s once Apple became a vast empire, however once he was thirty, Apple’s board of administrators set to fireside him.

Undaunted by the failure, Jobs supported a replacement company, NeXT, that was eventually noninheritable by Apple. Once back at Apple, Jobs tried his capability for greatness by reinventing the company’s image and taking the Apple complete to new heights.

6. John Milton Hershey started 3 candy corporations before Hershey’s.
   everybody is aware of Hershey’s chocolate, however once John Milton Hershey initial started his candy production career, he was a no one. when being discharged from associate billet with a printer, Hershey started 3 separate candy-related ventures, and was forced to observe all of them fail.

In one last try, Hershey supported the Lancaster Caramel Company, and commenced seeing huge results. basic cognitive process in his vision for chocolate for the plenty, he eventually supported the Hershey Company and have become one among the foremost well-known names within the trade.

Draw inspiration from these stories subsequent time you expertise failure, in spite of the size. within the moment, some failure may appear just like the finish of the road, however bear in mind, there area unit innumerable productive men and ladies within the world these days United Nations agency area unit solely enjoying success as a result of they set to push past the inevitable gloom of failure.

Learn from your mistakes, replicate and settle for the failure, however go back your passion and keep following your goals in spite of what.

A tradition is a belief or behaviour (folk custom) passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. Modernity is defined as a condition of social existence that is significantly different to all past forms of human experience, while modernization refers to the transitional process of moving from “traditional” or “primitive” communities to modern societies.

Tradition: India is considered the birthplace of some of the world’s major religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Today, other religions such as Muslim and Christianity have worked their way into the population as well, though Hinduism remains the most popular. For some visitors, the heavy spices and herbs used in Indian cuisine can be difficult to adjust to. Indian spices are legendary for their medicinal purposes, food-preserving powers and flavour kicks. Spices, such as cumin, turmeric and cardamom, have been used over thousands of years to make otherwise bland but nutritional dishes taste better. Though it varies from region to region, wheat, Basmati rice and pulses are staples of the Indian diet. Several religious groups are vegetarian or have certain limitations as to what meat they can consume, but lamb and chicken are most common for those who do eat meat. One most old tradition is wearing sari. Saris vary from five to nine yards long and two to four feet in breadth, and are wrapped around the waist and draped over the shoulder often baring the midriff. The sari may have originated among India’s temple dancers in ancient times because saris allowed them to maintain modesty while also giving their limbs the freedom of movement. A dhoti is an unstitched piece of cloth ranging from four to five yards in length and tied around the waist and legs. Gandhi used to wear a dhoti, and it was considered to be an attire that commanded dignity and respect.

Modernity: Modern Indian culture is a combination of traditional Indian customs, British heritage and other modern influences from around the world. It would impossible to cover every aspect of it, but let’s explore some important and interesting elements. The majority of the population practices one of the forms of Hinduism. This faith is a combination of several religious beliefs and traditions and is commonly perceived as a way of life. Islam is the second largest religion, coexisting with Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Christianity and others. Modern India is also a test of two middle-ground philosophies. As an early proponent of non-alignment in international politics, India has attempted to establish a [middle] position between Western and [communist] oriented states. Over the years, its leadership in carving out a Third World posture demonstrated that there is a viable route for nations who did not want to take sides in Cold War politics, an approach which many other nations in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East have followed and hope to sustain. 

Conflict between tradition and modernity: It might benefit us to engage with the idea of parampara, which is the Sanskrit word, also used in many other Indian languages, for what we call tradition in English. While tradition is not exactly an equivalent, it is also quite resonant. Methodologically, it is useful to make key concepts across cultures and meaning universes to converse with each other, rather than subduing or supplanting each other—in our case, the Western idea superimposing and superseding ours. Indian modernity is Janus-faced, even schizophrenic. On the one hand, it looks to the West and to the future, but on the other hand, it looks to India and its past. Arguably, the single most significant problematic in recent Indian intellectual history is that of tradition vs modernity. After nearly 200 years of debate and discussion, it seems fairly clear that India can have neither pure tradition, nor uncontaminated modernity. Whatever we are or have become has to be some combination or amalgamation of both