Day: August 4, 2021

How Facebook become Powerful & Giant Company

 Hi everybody, We all know Facebook as the giant, powerful company that it is today but very few of us know that when Facebook actually came out in the market it was neither the first social media product in the market nor was it the best social media website in the market. In fact, when Facebook came out, there was already another social media website that had about 1 million users. And it was already one of the most visited websites on the Internet. But somehow, within the next four years Facebook made history by overtaking this huge company and went onto become one of the most powerful companies on the planet. 

And the reason why this happened has got some very very important business learnings for each one of us because more often than not, we all must have had a brilliant idea but then after doing a little bit of research, we tend to realize that there is already a giant company as our competitors doing the exact same thing as we planned to do. And that could be demotivating. But guys, what if I told you that instead, you should be super happy to build a business if there is already a giant competition in the market. And the fact that it will actually provide you a golden opportunity to build a business. The question is- How is it even possible and how can you go on to build a business to compete with a billion dollar company. The answer to this question lies in a story that dates back to 2004.

 This is when a social media website called Myspace had arrived on the Internet. It was just like the modern day Facebook which allowed people to form connections and helped them find new friends on the Internet. And within just one year Myspace became a sensation in the making with more than 1 million users signing up within the first month itself. And by the end of the year, Myspace had 5 million users. This is when in 2005, it got purchased by a gigantic media company called News Corp for $580 milllion. Because somehow, News Corp was one of those few organisations that actually realized the potential of social media ads, back in 2005. And the day this purchase happened it marked the beginning of the capitalistic Internet era. During this time, Facebook was just a college student website which was open to only Ivy League students in the US. But on the other side, from 2005 to 2008 Myspace became the most visited social networking site in the world. And in 2006, it even surpassed Google to becoming the most visited website in the world. 

But something happened in the next 4 years because of which the same Myspace had 115 million users while on the other side Facebook, the college community website had more than 1 billion users. The question is What exactly happened and how did two companies inspite of being in the exact same space, doing the exact same thing have such a vast difference in their success. The first reason is based on the fundamental concept of social network and human psychology which is known as the triadic closure property. And this is something that was suggested by a german sociologists named Georg Simmel in 1908. In simple words what it means is if there are three people: Shyam, Baburao and Raju If Raju knows Babu and Babu knows Shyam then automatically, Raju will form a connection with Shyam and Raju will be more inclined to trust Shyam. So, basically, if A knows B, and B knows C then A is more inclined to form a connection with C eventually leading to speed of trust. And you must have observed this while you used Facebook or Instagram, that is when you get a request from a person who has 200 mutual friends you easily tend to accept their request. 

At the same time if you get a request from a person whom you possibly know but has got zero mutual friends there’s a little bit of skepticism that pops in. This is how the triadic closure property plays out. In case of Myspace and Facebook, the major drawback with Myspace was that it did not allow users to use their real names as their usernames and because of this, although you could meet new people on the Internet through similar interests you couldn’t really tell who exactly are you chatting with. So, this kinda turned into a fine mix of privacy and creepiness. But on the other hand Facebook insisted on getting people to use their real names as their usernames. Why? Because as legend has it, Facebook was meant to stalk girls and if you didn’t know the names of those girls stalking wouldn’t be user-friendly right? Will do anything for girls Just kidding guys! It was meant to be that way because Mark Zuckerberg believed in helping people build authentic connections through digital technology. 

And regardless of the truth behind this statement the strategy of using real names turned out to be Facebook’s X factor because of which apart from connecting with people in their own respective social circle users actually started to expand their network to form second and third connections. And this is where the mutual friend feature came in handy and because of this, the networks on Facebook became far more deep rooted and helped people expand their connections beyond their social circle. And this is the reason why in 2006, when Facebook opened itself to the general public people flocked to create a Facebook account inspite of having a Myspace account already. Now, this begs the question If this was just this simple feature of using real usernames that distinguished Facebook from Myspace then why didn’t Myspace incorporate that feature and kill Facebook altogether? In fact, this is what Facebook did with Snapchat right? By introducing Instagram stories. In fact, the Myspace team even had the backing of a large corporation like News Corp, right? Then why couldn’t they incorporate this feature? Well, as it turns out, this is exactly why they couldn’t incorporate the feature in their website. Because News corp turned Myspace into a proper corporate organisation which had to follow protocols and procedures And more than the ideas and the execution, the focus went to register quarterly profits, yearly profits and all the other corporate procedures. 

In fact, even if the Myspace team came out with a brilliant idea. It first used to get scrutinized by the lawyers, then by so-called experts and then a series of meetings used to be held and then a series of emails to be sent and it just kept going back and forth. And in the process, things got so slow that the ideas just got lost into bureaucracy and even something as simple as adding a feature also took forever to be executed. While on the other side, Facebook was being run by a bunch of college students who could add, change, modify and delete features overnight. And make major modifications to the website without any formalities. And unfortunately finally when Myspace incorporated the option of real usernames it was already 2008 and Facebook had already surged way ahead.

 So, to put that straight, while Myspace became a rigid organisation that was focused on procedures and protocols. And was constantly debating about who is right and who is not. Facebook was obsessively focused on what is right and executed ideas with agility. And this became the second reason for the fall of Myspace and the rise of Facebook. And the story didn’t end here the rigid corporate structure of Myspace also lead to another huge setback that literally became the golden recipe for Facebook to surge way ahead of Myspace. And this recipe also became a game changer for Amazon, Google and Apple. And this was the idea of third party integration wherein Facebook practically tranformed from a product to becoming a platform. 

On 24th of May 2007, Facebook launched the Facebook platform to provide a framework for software developers to create applications that could interact with core features of Facebook. For example, Spotify could use Facebook API to allow users to share music directly within the Spotify application itself. Candy Crush used Facebook for instant login and I’m sure most of you must have used it. And thirdly, Nike run club used Facebook API to enable its users to share their achievements of their run with their friends by posting directly to the Facebook’s news feed. So, this way Facebook allowed developers and gave them the freedom to use their technology and build products and services of their own.

 Whereas on the other hand, Myspace was set to be a notoriously closed system and Myspace even used to block contents from potential competitors. And for some reason it also ended up blocking Photobucket which was at that time the most popular photo sharing website. And this is the third reason why Facebook became an incredible platform not just for consumers and advertisers but also for developers. And by the way, this concept of going from a product to a platform is also the reason for the unprecedented success of Apple because back then even Steve Jobs was skeptical about allowing third party developers. But when Apple started providing its platform to developers the iconic App Store was born and that changed Apple forever. 

Even Android did the same with Play Store. But If you look at Nokia Nokia acted like Myspace and made it very difficult for developers to operate because the symbianOS was too rigid for third party apps to be built upon. And fast forward to 2006, Amazon launched its own version of third party integration by allowing third party sellers to use this technology to sell their products. And guess what? In 2020 alone, Amazon generated $80.46 billion dollars in third-party seller services revenue which is more than the revenue generated by its own sellers. This was the insane revenue stream that Myspace passed on and turned Facebook into the billion dollar company that it is today.

Now, let’s talk about the 3 important lessons from this case study. Lesson number one, Every entrepreneur and a leader needs to realize that the fundamental purpose of an organisational structure is not just to help you make strategic decisions but to enable you to make those strategic decisions before its too late. And the day you realize that these protocols are making the execution of ideas tedious you need to kill those protocols straightaway or else those very same protocols will end up killing your organisation. 

Lesson 2, regardless of how marvelous your technology is if you’re building a business to consumer product human centred design must always be taken into consideration because if you see, in this case, it was the simple feature of mutual friends that actually got Facebook the same amount of popularity as Myspace. Because knowingly or unknowingly it abided by the triadic closure property. 

And last and most importantly, even if you’re not the first mover in the industry it’s completely fine guys. In fact, it is great because regardless of how big a company is if they are venturing into a new space, they will make mistakes. And if you carefully learn from those mistakes you can save yourself a lot of time, a lot of money and a lot of efforts. And more importantly, merely by learning from those mistakes you will have the opportunity to race ahead of the game Because afterall, wisdom is that attribute that often separates a few legendary entrepreneurs from the many good ones.

How Facebook become Powerful & Giant Company

 Hi everybody, We all know Facebook as the giant, powerful company that it is today but very few of us know that when Facebook actually came out in the market it was neither the first social media product in the market nor was it the best social media website in the market. In fact, when Facebook came out, there was already another social media website that had about 1 million users. And it was already one of the most visited websites on the Internet. But somehow, within the next four years Facebook made history by overtaking this huge company and went onto become one of the most powerful companies on the planet. 

And the reason why this happened has got some very very important business learnings for each one of us because more often than not, we all must have had a brilliant idea but then after doing a little bit of research, we tend to realize that there is already a giant company as our competitors doing the exact same thing as we planned to do. And that could be demotivating. But guys, what if I told you that instead, you should be super happy to build a business if there is already a giant competition in the market. And the fact that it will actually provide you a golden opportunity to build a business. The question is- How is it even possible and how can you go on to build a business to compete with a billion dollar company. The answer to this question lies in a story that dates back to 2004.

 This is when a social media website called Myspace had arrived on the Internet. It was just like the modern day Facebook which allowed people to form connections and helped them find new friends on the Internet. And within just one year Myspace became a sensation in the making with more than 1 million users signing up within the first month itself. And by the end of the year, Myspace had 5 million users. This is when in 2005, it got purchased by a gigantic media company called News Corp for $580 milllion. Because somehow, News Corp was one of those few organisations that actually realized the potential of social media ads, back in 2005. And the day this purchase happened it marked the beginning of the capitalistic Internet era. During this time, Facebook was just a college student website which was open to only Ivy League students in the US. But on the other side, from 2005 to 2008 Myspace became the most visited social networking site in the world. And in 2006, it even surpassed Google to becoming the most visited website in the world. 

But something happened in the next 4 years because of which the same Myspace had 115 million users while on the other side Facebook, the college community website had more than 1 billion users. The question is What exactly happened and how did two companies inspite of being in the exact same space, doing the exact same thing have such a vast difference in their success. The first reason is based on the fundamental concept of social network and human psychology which is known as the triadic closure property. And this is something that was suggested by a german sociologists named Georg Simmel in 1908. In simple words what it means is if there are three people: Shyam, Baburao and Raju If Raju knows Babu and Babu knows Shyam then automatically, Raju will form a connection with Shyam and Raju will be more inclined to trust Shyam. So, basically, if A knows B, and B knows C then A is more inclined to form a connection with C eventually leading to speed of trust. And you must have observed this while you used Facebook or Instagram, that is when you get a request from a person who has 200 mutual friends you easily tend to accept their request. 

At the same time if you get a request from a person whom you possibly know but has got zero mutual friends there’s a little bit of skepticism that pops in. This is how the triadic closure property plays out. In case of Myspace and Facebook, the major drawback with Myspace was that it did not allow users to use their real names as their usernames and because of this, although you could meet new people on the Internet through similar interests you couldn’t really tell who exactly are you chatting with. So, this kinda turned into a fine mix of privacy and creepiness. But on the other hand Facebook insisted on getting people to use their real names as their usernames. Why? Because as legend has it, Facebook was meant to stalk girls and if you didn’t know the names of those girls stalking wouldn’t be user-friendly right? Will do anything for girls Just kidding guys! It was meant to be that way because Mark Zuckerberg believed in helping people build authentic connections through digital technology. 

And regardless of the truth behind this statement the strategy of using real names turned out to be Facebook’s X factor because of which apart from connecting with people in their own respective social circle users actually started to expand their network to form second and third connections. And this is where the mutual friend feature came in handy and because of this, the networks on Facebook became far more deep rooted and helped people expand their connections beyond their social circle. And this is the reason why in 2006, when Facebook opened itself to the general public people flocked to create a Facebook account inspite of having a Myspace account already. Now, this begs the question If this was just this simple feature of using real usernames that distinguished Facebook from Myspace then why didn’t Myspace incorporate that feature and kill Facebook altogether? In fact, this is what Facebook did with Snapchat right? By introducing Instagram stories. In fact, the Myspace team even had the backing of a large corporation like News Corp, right? Then why couldn’t they incorporate this feature? Well, as it turns out, this is exactly why they couldn’t incorporate the feature in their website. Because News corp turned Myspace into a proper corporate organisation which had to follow protocols and procedures And more than the ideas and the execution, the focus went to register quarterly profits, yearly profits and all the other corporate procedures. 

In fact, even if the Myspace team came out with a brilliant idea. It first used to get scrutinized by the lawyers, then by so-called experts and then a series of meetings used to be held and then a series of emails to be sent and it just kept going back and forth. And in the process, things got so slow that the ideas just got lost into bureaucracy and even something as simple as adding a feature also took forever to be executed. While on the other side, Facebook was being run by a bunch of college students who could add, change, modify and delete features overnight. And make major modifications to the website without any formalities. And unfortunately finally when Myspace incorporated the option of real usernames it was already 2008 and Facebook had already surged way ahead.

 So, to put that straight, while Myspace became a rigid organisation that was focused on procedures and protocols. And was constantly debating about who is right and who is not. Facebook was obsessively focused on what is right and executed ideas with agility. And this became the second reason for the fall of Myspace and the rise of Facebook. And the story didn’t end here the rigid corporate structure of Myspace also lead to another huge setback that literally became the golden recipe for Facebook to surge way ahead of Myspace. And this recipe also became a game changer for Amazon, Google and Apple. And this was the idea of third party integration wherein Facebook practically tranformed from a product to becoming a platform. 

On 24th of May 2007, Facebook launched the Facebook platform to provide a framework for software developers to create applications that could interact with core features of Facebook. For example, Spotify could use Facebook API to allow users to share music directly within the Spotify application itself. Candy Crush used Facebook for instant login and I’m sure most of you must have used it. And thirdly, Nike run club used Facebook API to enable its users to share their achievements of their run with their friends by posting directly to the Facebook’s news feed. So, this way Facebook allowed developers and gave them the freedom to use their technology and build products and services of their own.

 Whereas on the other hand, Myspace was set to be a notoriously closed system and Myspace even used to block contents from potential competitors. And for some reason it also ended up blocking Photobucket which was at that time the most popular photo sharing website. And this is the third reason why Facebook became an incredible platform not just for consumers and advertisers but also for developers. And by the way, this concept of going from a product to a platform is also the reason for the unprecedented success of Apple because back then even Steve Jobs was skeptical about allowing third party developers. But when Apple started providing its platform to developers the iconic App Store was born and that changed Apple forever. 

Even Android did the same with Play Store. But If you look at Nokia Nokia acted like Myspace and made it very difficult for developers to operate because the symbianOS was too rigid for third party apps to be built upon. And fast forward to 2006, Amazon launched its own version of third party integration by allowing third party sellers to use this technology to sell their products. And guess what? In 2020 alone, Amazon generated $80.46 billion dollars in third-party seller services revenue which is more than the revenue generated by its own sellers. This was the insane revenue stream that Myspace passed on and turned Facebook into the billion dollar company that it is today.

Now, let’s talk about the 3 important lessons from this case study. Lesson number one, Every entrepreneur and a leader needs to realize that the fundamental purpose of an organisational structure is not just to help you make strategic decisions but to enable you to make those strategic decisions before its too late. And the day you realize that these protocols are making the execution of ideas tedious you need to kill those protocols straightaway or else those very same protocols will end up killing your organisation. 

Lesson 2, regardless of how marvelous your technology is if you’re building a business to consumer product human centred design must always be taken into consideration because if you see, in this case, it was the simple feature of mutual friends that actually got Facebook the same amount of popularity as Myspace. Because knowingly or unknowingly it abided by the triadic closure property. 

And last and most importantly, even if you’re not the first mover in the industry it’s completely fine guys. In fact, it is great because regardless of how big a company is if they are venturing into a new space, they will make mistakes. And if you carefully learn from those mistakes you can save yourself a lot of time, a lot of money and a lot of efforts. And more importantly, merely by learning from those mistakes you will have the opportunity to race ahead of the game Because afterall, wisdom is that attribute that often separates a few legendary entrepreneurs from the many good ones.

Health problems in India

India is a developing county where we are still developing in different fields of life. One of the most important field is health . In health department, India has many loopholes and problems which we face a lot of time and with growing population at a very fast rate that is putting an immense pressure on health care system as as well as natural resources.

The level of health in India is very low also due to large degree of morbidity and mortality. The reason of these are lack of proper environment and sanitation , improper facility, and many other reasons .And these conditions have become even more worse due to poverty, illiteracy and superstitions in our country.

Different health problems in India

  1. Due to food and water borne diseases:- Many diseases are transmitted from person to person due to contaminated food and water. some diseases due to this are Diarrhoea , typhoid , dysentery etc. These diseases are very common in placers where there is lack of water supply regularly. In very rural areas in India, people have no facilitites of water purifiers or aqua gaurds . They drink direct water from handpumps and other places but this water is contaminated with harmful mineral.

2. Air borne diseases : This is another kind of reason of many dangerous diseases. Some diseases can be transmitted through the air we inhale. some diseases due to this transmission are common cold ,influenza, pneumonia. The most recent disease is none other than COVID-19.

3. diseases due to poor housing: Many health problems causes due to living in unhealthy conditions and overcrowded places. Due to which they does not get sufficient sunlight, safe drinking water and basic requirements of healthy life style. These problems may lead to Cholera, typhoid and tuberculosis.

4. Diseases Through insects :- lack of cleanliness may result in houseflies , mosquitos and other insects which may cause diseases like dengue, malaria, filariasis and many other harmful diseases.

5. Diseases due to population : – Population plays a very big role in health problems. diseases that are air- borne, water and also soil population are largely occur in crowded cities and towns.

6 .Due to lack of medical facilities: This is one of the biggest reason of poor health problems in India. Lack of medical facilities in rural, small and remote area always creates big health problems .India has been struggling with weak infrastructure with lack of well equipped hospitals and facilities. In India, we also have a shortage of doctors and nurses in many hospitals especially in rural areas, where maximum population of India lives. The doctor to population ratio in India is just 1 : 1456.( source of data : https://www.deccanherald.com/business/budget-2020/the-doctor-population-ratio-in-india-is-11456-against-who-recommendation-800034.html) . It means there is not even 1 doctor for every 1000 people in India. Our medical facilities was exposed again when COVID-19 ‘s second wave came.

These were some types of health issues that are very common in India. Some of them we cannot control but some are in our control but due to our mistakes, carelessness and bad habits, these diseases are able to go into our body and cause serious health issues. so we have to be very serious for our health.

Importance of Financial Literacy

Financial literacy is the understanding of financial components and skills such as budgeting, investing, borrowing, taxation, and personal financial management. Being financially literate allows an individual to be better prepared for their personal financial troubles as well as global recessions.

The absence of such skills is referred to as being financially illiterate. Being financially illiterate can lead to a number of pitfalls, such as being more likely to accumulate unsustainable debt burdens, either through poor spending decisions or a lack of long-term preparation. This, in turn, can lead to poor credit, bankruptcy, housing foreclosure, and other negative consequences. Today’s world is full of things such as student loans, mortgages, credit cards, investments, and insurance, which makes it necessary for everyone to be financially literate. Credit card companies, banks, and other financial institutions are secretly trapping consumers with credit opportunities—the ability to apply for credit cards or pay off one card with another. Without the proper knowledge, it is easy to get into financial trouble.

Thankfully, there are now more resources than ever for those wishing to educate themselves about the world of finance. The following are fundamental components of financial literacy that should be learned:

  • Budgeting

In budgeting, there are four main uses for money that determine a budget: spending, investing, saving, and giving away. Creating the right balance throughout the primary uses of money allows individuals to better allocate their income, resulting in financial security and prosperity. In general, a budget should be composed in a way that pays off all existing debt while leaving money aside for saving and making beneficial investments.

  • Investing

Some of the components that should be learned to ensure profitable investments are interest rates, price levels, diversification, risk mitigation, and indexes. Learning about crucial investment strategies allows individuals to make smarter financial decisions that may result in an increased inflow of income.

  • Borrowing

In most cases, almost every individual is required to borrow money at one point in their life. To ensure borrowing is done effectively, an understanding of interest rates, compound interest, time value of money, payment periods, and loan structure is very important. With this, an individual’s financial literacy will increase, which will provide practical borrowing guidelines and reduce long-term financial stress.

  • Taxation

Gaining knowledge about the different forms of taxation and how they impact an individual’s net income is crucial for obtaining financial literacy. Whether it be employment, investment, rental, or inheritance, each source of income is taxed differently. Awareness of the different income tax rates results in economic stability and increases financial performance through income management.

Achieving an in-depth knowledge of the financial components discussed above guarantees an increase in an individual’s financial literacy, allowing them to make decisions safer and more profitably.

Spotted Wobbegong

The spotted wobbegong (Orectolobus maculatus) belongs to the Orectolobidae family, and is found in the eastern Indian Ocean around Australia; it is possibly endemic to this region. A relatively large shark (reaching lengths of up to 3m/9.8 ft), other common names are “carpet shark,” “common carpet shark,” “common catshark,” “tassel shark,” or just “wobbegong.”

This wobbegong can be distinguished by its unique pattern of dark saddle-like markings on their dorsal side on top of a golden-brown colour. On top of these are white rings scattered about.

The genus name Orectolobus is Greek from orectos (stretched out) and lobos (a rounded projection). The species name maculatus is Latin from macula (spot), most likely referencing the patterns on the shark’s body. The word ‘wobbegong’ itself is an Australian aboriginal word. ​Spotted Wobbegongs are found in the shallow, coastal waters of Australia down to about 100 m. These sharks are famous for their lie-in-wait hunting strategy, known to swallow smaller prey whole. Feeding primarily takes place at night, and food menu items include fish, crayfish, crustaceans and even cephalopods.

Habitat and Diet

Favorite foods of the spotted wobbegong include invertebrates such as crabs, lobsters, and octopi as well as bony fish such as sea bass and luderick. This shark is nocturnal, hunting at night and resting during the day. O. maculatus can extend its reach during prey capture by as much as 30% of the nasal distance from its anteriormost point to the anterior edge of the pectoral fin. This is equivalent to the combined length of the head and branchial arches.

The spotted wobbegong often sits at the bottom and waits for prey to wander near its mouth. Prey has even been known to nibble on this shark’s tentacles before being eaten. Other times this shark has been observed to slowly sneak up on its prey from a long distance.

Occurring on continental shelves, from the intertidal zone down to 360 feet (110 m), the spotted wobbegong is commonly found on or around reefs, under piers and on sandy bottoms. There have been many sightings of this shark in water barely deep enough to cover its entire body. It is considered sluggish and inactive and is often found resting on the ocean floor.

Status in the Wild

The spotted wobbegong is currently assessed as “Near Threatened” in waters off New South Wales due to serious declines in population numbers in that region and “Near Threatened” throughout the remainder of its range by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List. The IUCN consists of a global union of state, governmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations in partnership whose goal is to assess the conservation status of different species.

Some Facts

  • There are 12 known species of wobbegongs.
  • Wobbegong sharks are nocturnal (active at night).
  • The name wobbegong comes from the Aborigine name meaning “shaggy beard”. They are also called carpet sharks.
  • They are not obligate ram ventilators (sharks that have to force water through their mouths and over their gills in order to breathe). They simply lay on the ocean floor, lazily, and open their mouths, sucking water in and over their gills. So they don’t have to keep swimming in order to breathe.
  • These sharks are ambush predators. They lay in wait for passing prey to happen upon their tassels thinking they are food. Then the typically lazy wobbegong opens their mouth, creating a vacuum and sucking in the prey whole. They snap up their prey in the blink of an eye.
  • Wobbegong sharks can actually move across the ocean floor using their bottom fins, which looks just like they are walking.
  • Their jaws are powerful and they also have very sharp teeth, albeit small, that can cut through wetsuit material, yielding a painful bite.

Increase Your Productivity Using This Simple Step To Focus…!!!!

 Hello everybody,  People, let’s first try to understand why are we so bad at instructing ourselves. Why is it that we are not able to manage our time ? Why is it that we are not able to focus ? And the answer to this question lies in our conditioning that has happened. since childhood You will see that since childhood there has always been an external entity which has been telling you what to do and when to do. For the first 18 years of your life you’ve got your school that gives you a timetable and tells you that from 9AM to 10AM you’re supposed to learn Hindi from 10 to 11 your are supposed to learn English and so on and so forth. 

And the same thing happens in college also when the college gives you a timetable and tells you that tells you that you’re supposed to have 75% attendance. And then when you get employed there is a boss who is going to keep an eye on you, the company tells you that you’re supposed to be there from 9 to 5. And then you’ve got those annoying peers who often keep an eye on you as to how many breaks you are taking. So if you see, there has always been an external entity that has been telling you when to do and what to do. As a result of this, we have lost our ability or our ability to self-govern ourselves has degraded to such a large extent that the next time you command your brain to do something the first response that you get is “NO” (laughs) .

So, practically speaking, your mind has become this notorious monkey which requires an external entity to tell it what to do and when to do. So, here’s a simple 5 step procedure which will help you to condition your mind to focus on something. Now the disclaimer over here is that this step by step procedure is very easy to understand but very difficult to execute. So, do not expect this to be like an easy ride for you to improve your focus and and for you to have this ultimate level of concentration that you wish to have. So, here’s step number one People, 

the first thing that you are supposed to do is make sure that you have one particular time slot and you reserve this one particular time slot for whatever activity that you want to do. This could be your homework This could be your project work, this could be anything. But fixing this time slot is very important and once you have, let’s say, fixed 9 AM to 11 AM what you are supposed to do is you’re supposed to make sure that you clear out every single possible distraction. For example, if you want to have breakfast, do make sure to schedule the breakfast before 9AM so that between that time, that is, from 9 AM to 11 AM you don’t have to get up for breakfast. 

Make sure that you do all the calls that you need, make sure you send all the PDFs to your friends or whatever you want to send. After doing all that work you shouldn’t have any work left between 9AM to 11AM except for that activity. The second step would be to get everything that you need at that desk wherein you’re supposed to work so that you don’t have to get up. Now, this includes everything starting from a sharpened pencil to your bottle of water. If you drink a lot of water then get 2 bottles and make sure that you have everything that you needed so that you don’t have to get up during that time slot. 

Step 3 is the most obvious step of all and that would be to put your phone on DnD and keep it away. And then we move on to step 4 and this is by far the most difficult step of all and here’s where no matter what happens, I repeat, no matter what happens you are supposed to be at your desk from 9 AM to 11 AM for 22 days straight, alright ? And here’s where, for the first 10 days your productivity will be ultra low okay ? It doesn’t matter. You are supposed to be at your desk, you’re supposed to be sitting at your chair. And the moment you do this, your battle with the monkey mind begins and here’s where all kinds of thoughts will start coming into play. Bro, what is the purpose of life ? Is Kunal Kamra right or Modi Ji right ? Why didn’t Seema reply ? I think I’m alone. 

What is the purpose of this Indian education system yaar ? Hmm.. these scientists are saying that the world will be doomed by 2030 then what’s the point of me studying all this ? And when this happens, just let your thoughts flow and you know what people ?this reminds me of what one This is what reminds me of what Blaise Pascal once said He said, “Most of the humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room, alone. And this experience of yours is the standing example of the same. Over the course of time, in about 5 to 10 days automatically, you will be able to make peace with your thoughts. And you will see that slowly and steadily your efficiency is increasing. Eventually, by the 22nd day, I can bet you that you would have reached at least 50% efficiency as in, if you sit down for 2 hours you will be able to focus on your work for at least one hour. 

And after you’re done with all of this, what you are supposed to do is maintain a progress sheet and over there you are supposed to write how much work you have done on each day until the 22nd day and if possible, follow it all throughout. Once you start doing this you’ll notice that you’re making progress, your efficiency is increasing and that will give you motivation to keep going. And once you follow this technique for about 22 days, you will see that by the end of 22nd day you have cultivated a powerful habit, you have discplined yourself to sit from 9 AM to 11 AM. Automatically, your focus will improve, your concentration will improve for those 2 hours and once you keep doing this for many many things in life, automatically you will begin see that you are making some amazing progress. 

Now, people, here’s where I want to tell you something very very important. I am not teaching you this technique so that you can study better I know that you are going to study well anyways because your teachers are going to kick your a**, your parents are going to kick your a**. But the reason why I want you to practice this technique for something as lame as studies is because this technique will teach you 3 very important life lessons that will help you achieve greatness in life. 

The first lesson that this technique is going to teach you is to live with your thoughts. And trust me, in this world of hustle and bustle because we don’t spend enough time with ourself we always live in a state of misery and the worst part is more often than not we never realize it. 

The second life skill that this technique will teach you is the art of self-governance. You will learn how do you exactly take control of your temptations, you will learn how to take control over your distractions. And once you start doing this in small things in life, automatically, you will begin to prepare yourself for much bigger and much more difficult battles in life. 

And third and most importantly this technique will also teach you that greatness takes time. At day zero, you will suck. Regardless of whatever you do, if you want to be great at it, you have to first learn to suck. And in this big bad world wherein we get everything with a click of a button it is very important for our generation to understand that greatness takes time. And once you learn this, I am 100% sure. that you will be on your way to achieve greatness. 

IGNITED MINDS – Unleashing the power within India

BOOK REVIEW

Author ​​-Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

Language​ – English 

Copies sold-​ Over 1 Million 

No. of pages – ​​189 

Publication -​​Penguin books 

Year of publication ​- 2002 

It’s been three years since we lost the Missile Man of India, one of the most celebrated Indian scientists of this era. Even though the man himself, Dr. A P J Abdul Kala​    m, left us, his works​    and his writings are still present with us to guide and re-shape this rising India. 

Dr.Kalam is a man who needs no introduction. He spent the bulk of his career in the prestigious Indian government organizations ISR​O,​ and DRD​O and also served as the 11th President of​    India. 

So in his book ‘IGNITED MINDS’, he has talked a lot about it. “Ignited Minds” revolves around the topic of transforming India’s mentality by inciting the blossoming youth to take action. The book ruminates on a lot of topics but starts with the most important one – peace of mind. Without it, no country can soar to new heights, and as a result, stagnation will prevail. 

He has dedicated ignited minds to an intermediate school child, named Snehal Thakkar, whom he met at a school and while talking to the students, a question had come up: ‘who is our​    enemy?’ He recalled that many answers came up, but the answer on which all agreed came from​    her ‘our enemy is poverty​. It is the root cause of our problems and should be the object of our​    fight, not our own. The small book contains dynamic and original ideas, examines attitudes afflicting the Indians and presents prescriptions for the rapid growth of India to enable the country to emerge as a developed country. 

Big Picture, Coordination, and Inclusiveness- an aspect that was heavily and regularly cited in the book was that Dr.Kalam felt a lot of institutions work separately instead of moving together with a common goal in mind. He cited several examples for this. One of them was the lack or absence of any industries, which can use steel as the input material and convert them to finished products, around the Bokaro steel plant in Jharkhand. If the State and Central governments could have coordinated and industrialized this area in a coordinated manner, the created steel can be transported to nearby industries in a quick time, for a cheaper cost and overall, give us a finished product with a quick turnaround. It helps in the development of this area and also with getting a finished product at a better price. The lack of this inclusiveness is not doing India any favors. 

Connectivity - expanding on the idea that India should look to achieve the status of a developed country with urgency, he looks at the current rate of urbanization. He says that the way to become a developed country is not via its populace abandoning villages and migrating to the cities. He says that we should try to emulate and provide similar facilities, like those available in the cities, in the villages. The biggest problem for overcoming this obstacle is the lack of connectivity or transportation facilities between the villages and their nearby cities. He suggests that nearby villages must be pooled up and roads or highways should be built between this pool and the nearby city. He goes on to say that once this problem is solved, and once people get similar facilities as cities at their doorstep, no one will be interested in migrating away from their original homes. 

Determination​ -Dr. Abdul Kalam explained that the conviction, the drive to live with freedom is what energized an entire generation of Indians. He says that the current generation of Millennials should yearn to live in a developed nation with a similar zeal. He feels that this is what will provide the acceleration for the country’s development. 

Education - For India to become the next superpower that it is expected to be, manpower is the biggest requirement. Dr.Kalam believes that it is possible only by achieving 100% literacy. He feels that at the same time that India improves her higher education facilities by establishing more research-oriented organizations, she should also improve her primary school facilities which will enable and give a direction to the younger generation during their initiation itself. 

Value Addition- Dr.Kalam says that India is a country that is blessed with so much variety w.r.t. minerals and raw materials. But as long as India concentrates on just extracting and exporting the low-income raw material, he says that India is not going to take huge steps w.r.t. development. For this, he gives us the example of beryllium diaphragms which are used in missiles. When India was taking its baby steps towards missile development, a committee was formed to procure the necessary beryllium diaphragms. For this, the committee approached a certain company from the US but they had backed out at the last minute citing the US government’s objection to the export of any parts which can be used in missiles. The startling observation that Dr.Kalam’s team made during this phase was that the raw material, Beryllium was being mined in India and exported to Japan. Japan purifies it and later sends it to the US where the final product is being manufactured. The difference in the price of the finished product to the price of the raw material is huge and due to the absence of the industry making the final product, India is losing a huge amount of income. So, without any value addition, India is just exporting all the raw materials for a dead cheap price and making a net loss when they are importing the final product. 

The above are only a few points made by Dr.Kalam in this excellent book. It’s not a very long read and something that should be picked up by all non-fiction book lovers who want to understand the current challenges that India as a country is facing. 

Conclusion 

The nation consists of people and with their effort, a nation can accomplish all it​ could ever want. Motivating India’s youth especially is the central theme of Ignited minds. 

Ignited Minds is all about breaking away from the forces that would prefer selling cheap labor and raw materials and providing a large market for goods and services of other nations. It is about developing that conviction in ourselves and discarding the things that hold us back. 

Reflection

Dreams are the raw materials of actions. Dreams initiate thoughts and thoughts result in actions. Children are the architects of the future of our country. They can transform dreams into realities through hard work and determination. The outcomes of these realities will bring peace, prosperity, strength, and bliss to our nation. 

To ignite the minds of the children of our country, APJ Abdul Kalam has emphasized motivating them by giving examples of great minds that had worked hard in their respective fields to transform their dreams into realities. He has met thousands of teachers, school children, scientists, saints, and industrialists to take up different issues and themes. 

His main focus lies in education. He has urged the children to integrate spirituality with education. Education without spirituality is like a man without ambition. Each one of us must become aware of our capabilities. One should try to achieve one’s higher self to achieve in life. 

Vision ignites the mind. This Abdul Kalam has successfully explained by citing examples of a few great scientists and teachers such as Dr.Vikram Sarabhai, Aryabhatta, Prof. Satish Dhawan, and Dr.VergheseKurien who have excelled in their respective fields of science and academics and have made our country achieve great heights. 

Kalam has urged the Indian people to unite and work together to take our country to soar heights. He has cited examples of great leaders who irrespective of their religion work hand in hand with people of different faiths for the development of our nation. 

To progress in life one should work in a planned and systematic manner. Kalam urges the people to use the resources efficiently and implement their policies and programs into a mission mode to succeed. He has, in his book, emphasized motivating the youths to unleash the powers of their minds to transform their dreams into realities. 

The beauty of this book lies in the fact that, while emphasizing the technology development​    of the nation to make India stand in the elite group of developed Nations of the author also drew attention to the social and cultural aspect. The author mentioned how spiritual education along with knowledge can create wonders.  

The book talks about how one should Integrate our cultural and social values with modern​    thinking. The enthusiasm of youth. This integration will produce potential leaders, role models for tomorrow who will have integrity, respect, and the thought of “Nation comes first” embedded in their hearts and minds.  

Taj – the strongest hotel brand

In its annual report ‘Hotels 50 2021,’ Indian Hotels Business (IHCL), the biggest hospitality company in South Asia, has revealed that its famous brand, Taj, has been recognized as the world’s Strongest Hotels Brand by Brand Finance, the world’s top brand evaluation consultants.

The most valued and powerful hotel brands are recognized in this study worldwide.

“For the Indian hospitality sector, this is a proud occasion on the world stage. Taj being named the Strongest Hotel Brand in the World is a tribute to the constant confidence that our guests have shown and that our staff has personified day-to-day warmth and honest care. We continue our commitment to raise the global premium hospitality experience and to provide all our stakeholders the enchantment of Tajness “Puneet Chhatwal, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of the Indian Hotels Company, stated.

Out of 100, Taj got an overall brand strength index of 89.3 with the AAA’s matching consumer acquaintance, staff satisfaction, and reputation as well as its world-class customer service.

Source: businessstandard

YOGA ASANAS AND THEIR BOON

Yoga poses or asanas are body position which are practiced for the benefit of body and mind. The concept of yoga is not something we are not aware of; our ancestors are practicing it for long time. And now many people realized the importance and benefits of yoga and started to perform. Studies have found that yoga asana benefits people’s body and soul. Also helps to increase flexibility, leads to weigh loss, and enhance mental peace.

Below is the list of yoga asana or poses that can help your body and mind healthy and fit.

1.     Sukhasana or Easy Pose

If you wish to practice yoga, you can start with this simple pose as it easy to do and gives you the comfort.

Technique  

Sit on mat legs tucked in the opposite thighs. Keep your back straight and both the hands should be placed on the knees and breath in and breath out calmly.

Benefits  

People with anxiety, stress and mental illness can practise these to reduce them.  

Sukhasana corrects the body posture and straighten chest and spine.

2.     Tadasana or Mountain Pose

It is a simple standing pose, which trains you the art of standing straight.

Technique  

Stand straight on your feet on a mat, take your arms up near your ears and it should be straight upwards. Then take long breath while doing this take your heels up and put all your weight on toes. Then slowly breath out and put you heels down. Repeat this for 10-15 minutes.

Benefits

Strengthen leg muscles

Helps in increasing the height of children

Eliminates leg pain

Correct body posture

3.     Dhanur Asana or Bow Pose

This asana helps to stretch the whole body. Helps to loss weight, improve digestion and blood flow. It is an effective asana in making back flexible.

Technique

Lay down on a mat on your belly. Fold your legs backward. Hold both legs with hand on ankles. Breath long and take your chest up as high as you can. To get the position of bow you need to stretch your body and hold as long as you can. Take back the initial position and repeat this 2-4 times.

Benefits

Helps in making the spine flexible and decreases rigidity

Lessen obesity

Cure stomach-ache

Enhance lung power

Increase breathing process

 

4.     Bhujangasana Or Cobra Stretch

Bhujangasana is also consider as arc corrector and helps spine make more flexible. The bend posture of the asana massages the back muscles, spine, and nerves. It is a great asana for those who have back pain.

Technique

To do this asana you need to lay down on the ground on your belly. Keeping your hand near shoulders. Raise your chest up so that your hand gets straight and stretch your legs while doing this. Hold it of 2-3 minutes and take back the original position.

Benefits

Helps you to get flexible spine

Broaden the chest

Enhances blood flow

Helps to cure obesity

Decreases rigidity in the body and improve lung power.

Woh Din

When you are wasting another important year of your life but this time it’s isn’t your fault.

Now it’s been more than a year, the students haven’t seen the colleges and schools, even some of the students are now gonna start their second year in colleges but still they don’t even know how their college campus look like. It is the most hurtful thing that we are spending our most beautiful years of life like this, infront of the laptop and smartphone screens. When the lockdown started I was studying in first year and now I’m third year engineering student, I still don’t know how my classroom, classmates and faculty members look like in real life.

The “Woh Din” which were supposed to filled with joy, happiness, fun with friends and lots of travel are ending with “ Am I audible? Yes sir”. In this lockdown many students suffered and some are still suffering from stress, anxiety and demotivation, besides some are just enjoying it like holidays. Lockdown and the online mode education is pretty nice, just enjoy your time with family, learn new things and many more, until then, the thoughts of future knocks at the door.

While the students are struggling to learn through online mode, the teachers and the colleges are mostly focusing on how they can complete the syllabus as early as possible, teachers are also want to help the students and they are doing their best from their side but everything have some advantages and disadvantages like this, online education also have it’s own disadvantages and advantages.

First we thought that the world is testing our patience but, even the nicest person has it’s limit and now we all have had enough of this, we are too young to dealing with all this but we haven’t given up, but now we really want our college life back, those cafeteria talks, waiting for your friends in parking lot, computer lab fun, bunking class and hanging out with your friends, campus rides and many more.

Now we all are going to complete 2 years, while fighting against this covid19 situation and online mode, in this period we all have experienced a lot of good and bad things like, the time we spent with our family. Similarly, we all struggled with lack of oxygen cylinders, hospital beds and most important is FOOD and after all this time we want is to end this “ Mask-World ”. Hope it will really end very soon and we all will get our old life back with No-Mask and the colleges will start soon, hope the world will come to it’s oldself very soon. But until then please give mental support to them who are suffering from depression and those who are tested covid positive.

And last but not the least please stay home and don’t worry this time also will pass very soon.

Take care.

 

 

 

Bailment

Section 148 defines the terms ‘bailment’, ‘bailor’ and ‘bailee’.

A bailment is the delivery of goods by one person to another for some purpose upon a contract that they shall when the purpose is accomplished be returned or otherwise disposed of according to directions of the person delivering them. The person delivering the goods is called the bailor and the person to whom the goods are delivered is called the bailee.

Essentials of Bailment

1.Delivery of the goods for some purpose

2.Return of the goods after the purpose is achieved, or their disposal according to the bailor’s directions.

Kinds of Bailment

  1. Gratuitous Bailment: In gratuitous bailment it is without any consideration for benefit of bailor or bailee.
  2. Non-Gratuitous Bailment: Benefit for both bailor and bailee. Also known as bailment for reward.
  3. Bailment for benefit of bailor: Bailor delivers his goods to bailee for safe custody without any benefit or reward.
  4. Bailment for benefit of bailee: Bailor delivers his goods to a bailee without any benefit for his own use.
  5. Bailment for benefit of bailor and bailee: It is beneficial for both i.e. bailor and bailee.

Duty of Bailor

Section 150 mentions the following duty of bailor in respect of the goods bailed by him:

  1. The bailor is bound to disclose the faults to the bailee in the goods bailed, of which the bailor is aware and materially interfere with the use of them, or expose the bailee to extraordinary risks; and if he does not make such disclosure, he is responsible for the damage arising to bailee directly from such faults.
  2. If the goods are bailed for hire, the bailor is responsible for such damage, whether he was or was not aware of the existence of such fault in the goods bailed.

Duties of Bailee

  1. Duty to take reasonable care of the goods bailed (Section 151 and 152).
  2. Duty not to make unauthorised use of the goods bailed (Section 153 and 154).
  3. Duty not to mix the bailor’s goods with his own goods ( Section 155,156,157).
  4. Duty to return the goods on fulfillment of the purpose (Section 160,161 and 165,166,167).
  5. Duty to deliver to the bailor increase or profit on the goods bailed (Section 163).

K-movie recommendations

Introduction:
Korean movies have come a long way. I’m sure all of us love movies and prefer to watch them while resting or when you’re going through a hard time. It’s an amazing way to calm yourself down and enjoy your leisure time. Movies don’t always have to be very taxing. Some movies make the person feel good and teach people how to just enjoy the moment and not think about anything stressful. Movies are a way to help people forget their problems for the time being. They’re a way of letting people know that it’s okay to rest and just take things easy. There’s nothing wrong with relaxing for a little while and everyone should know that there’s nothing to feel guilty about if you’re taking some time for yourself. In this article, I’ll be writing about 3 Korean movies I personally enjoyed watching.


• Midnight Runners:
Midnight runners was released in 2017. It was directed by Jason Kim. The genres are action, friendship and Comedy. The main story revolves around Park Ki Joon (Park Seo Joon) and Kang Hee Yeol (Kang Ha Neul) who are two men who joined the Police University for different reasons. At first, they find each other different in few aspects but later their friendship develops. One day, they decide to take a stroll together and witness a kidnapping incident in a quiet street. They do their best to uncover the truth and help the girl. During the investigation, they realize that they would love to continue to learn about the Police life and help people in need as they had a moment of unsurety.


• Parasite:
Parasite was released in 2019 and directed by Bong Joon Ho. The story revolves around a poor family who live in a semi-basement. One day, Min Hyuk (Park Seo Joon) tells his friend that he’ll be leaving for America and he would like Kim Gi Wu (Choi Woo Shik) to teach the student he was previously teaching. He had to fabricate documents to be a good fit and to be selected for the job. He then looks at how luxuriously the people in that house live and he decides to bring in his family by making use of the House owner Yun Gyo’s (Cho Yeo Jung) innocence. He tries to employ his family.


• Space Sweepers:
Space sweepers was released in 2021 and directed by Jo Sung Hee. The movie is set in the year 2092 and the space is filled with floating satellites and spaceships. Kim Tae Ho (Song Joong Ki) is the captain of a ship and there’s tuff competition from other rival ships to collect garbage and wastes as it can be exchanged for money. Here, speed is the most important feature as being ahead of others is the main goal. The members of the ship meet a humanoid robot named Dorothy who is considered to be a weapon of mass destruction. They end up making a risky business deal. What choice would they make in the end?


Conclusion:
These are just some movies I recommend to those who are starting to get into the Korean wave. If you’re stressed out or struggling with anything, watching these movies might help you relax and help you have a good time.

Pegasus software

                              (Photo: The Guardian)

Before dwelling into Pegasus software let us firstly know what Spyware is. We often must have come across this world specially the computer users. So, spyware is basically a software which is designed to gather data from your device. It is considered as vitriolic in nature. It can communicate your confidential information to the person who is spying at you and has vengeful intentions. People with such intention can get spyware in your system through many ways. Spyware can also affect the functioning of your system. Your daily activities can be slowed down due to this. The method by which it gets into your system varies.

Now let’s dive into Pegasus software. Pegasus made global headlines again in 2021. Phones of Indian politicians, Journalists were hacked using Pegasus software. Though it is said that the Pegasus spyware is only available with the government. However, the Indian government completely denied the scandal. So, what exactly is Pegasus? Pegasus is a type of malicious software which is classified as spyware. It gains access to your personal information in your system and sends it to the attacker. Pegasus is considered as the ultimate spyware for iOS and android. Pegasus was developed by NSO group, an Israeli company. It first came to news in 2016 when an Arab activist received a doubtful message. He then started identifying it. Before it was believed that the Pegasus only targets iOS. It was only after a year that researchers confirmed that Pegasus is equally capable of targeting iOS as well as android devices.

Pegasus got widely highlighted because it was capable of hacking iPads and iPhones which claims to be the best in terms of data security and privacy. Indeed, if someone has Pegasus in their phone, the attacker can automatically turn on phone’s camera and microphone to capture the data. What can be worst than this? The Israeli company sells Pegasus to only sovereign government at about 7-8 million dollars per year. In this whole process of hacking, the user has no clue that their phone has been hacked. The normal phishing method is typically adopted by the attackers to infect the victim’s device. Clicking on the phishing link would start downloading the Pegasus software in the victim’s device without their knowledge. Through this the hacker gets command over the device.

Pegasus is considered as an extremely sophisticated spyware as it is able to gather vast information from the victim’s device such as password, message, account pin, credit card number, voice calls, etc. The other features which make it the most vicious amongst all is that it can self-destruct itself if it fails to communicate with the attacker or if it detects that it has been installed in a device with wrong SIM card. The intention of the NSO group behind making this spyware was good as it was meant for the law enforcement agencies to use it against terrorism. Who knew that it will be viciously used by the hackers for their own destructive motives?

Nature of Partnership

When two or more persons join hands to set up a business and share its profits and losses it is called Partnership. Section 4 of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 defines partnership as the ‘relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all’.

Partners are the persons who have entered into partnership individually with one another. Partners collectively are called ‘firm’. The essential features of the partnership are as follows:

Two or More Persons:
There should be at least two persons coming together to form the partnership for a common goal. In other words, the minimum number of partners in a partnership firm can be two.
Indian Partnership Act, 1932 has put no limitations on maximum numbers of partners in a firm. But however, Indian Companies Act, 2013 puts a limit on a number of the partners in a firm as follow:
1.For Banking Business, Partners must be less than or equal to 10.
2.For Any Other Business, Partners must be less than or equal to 20.
3.If the number of partners exceeds the limits, the partnership becomes illegal.

Agreement
The partnership is an agreement between two or more persons who decided to do business and share its profits and losses. To have a legal relationship between the partners, the partnership agreement becomes the basis. The agreement can be in written form or oral form. An oral agreement is equally valid. But, preferably the partners should have a written agreement, in order to avoid disputes in future.

Business
To carry on some business there should be an agreement. Mere co-ownership of a property does not amount to the partnership. The business must also be legal in nature, a partnership to carry out illegal business is not valid.

Mutual Agency
The business of a partnership firm may be carried on by all the partners or any of them acting for all. This statement has two important implications. First, to participate in the conduct of the affairs of its business, every partner is entitled. Second that a relationship of mutual agency between all the partners exists.
For all the other partners, each partner carrying on the business is the principal as well as the agent. He can bind other partners by his acts. And also is bound by the acts of other partners with regard to the business of the firm.

Sharing of Profit
The agreement between partners must be to share profits and losses of a business. Sharing of profits and losses is important. The partnership is not for the purpose of some charitable activity.

Liability of Partnership
Each partner is liable jointly with all the other partners. And also when is a partner, severally liable to the third party for all the acts done by the firm. Liability of the partner is not limited. This implies that for paying off the firm’s debts, his private assets can also be used.

Partnership Deed
Agreement to carry on a business between the partners, partnership comes into existence. The partnership agreement can be either oral or written. The Partnership Act does not require that the agreement must be in writing. But when the agreement is in written form, it is called ‘Partnership Deed’. Partnership deed should be duly signed by the partners, stamped & registered.

Partnership deed generally contains the following details:
1)Names and Addresses of the firm and its main business;
2)Names and Addresses of all partners;
3)A contribution of the amount of capital by each partner;
4)The accounting period of the firm;
5)The date of commencement of partnership;
6)Rules regarding an operation of Bank Accounts;
7)Profit and loss sharing ratio;
8)The rate of interest on capital, loan, drawings, etc;
9)Mode of auditor’s appointment, if any;
10)Salaries, commission, etc, if payable to any partner;
11)The rights, duties, and liabilities of each partner;
12)Treatment of loss arising out of insolvency of one or more partners;
13)Settlement of accounts on the dissolution of the firm;
14)Method of a settlement of disputes among the partners;
15)Rules to be followed in case of admission, retirement, a death of a partner; and
16)Any other matter relating to the conduct of business. Normally, all the matters affecting the relationship of partners amongst themselves are covered in partnership deed.

Contamination

Contamination is the cycle where unwanted poisonous impurities debase our current circumstance like air, water, soil, and so on It is making unexpected changes in the environment, which is straightforwardly on by implication leaving unfriendly consequences for the existences of people, creatures, and plants. It makes an irregularity in the normal framework. Numerous things which are making our lives simple are hurtful to the climate. For instance, vehicles leave gases that dirty the air. Ventures and family trash dirty both water and air.

Each living being on Earth relies upon air and water. At the point when these two things get contaminated, every one of the lives on Earth come at a danger. It is seen that metropolitan regions get more contaminated than in rustic regions. However rustic regions additionally get dirtied by destructive pesticides utilized in cultivating lands. Due to contamination, numerous new infections show up day by day, which are very perilous for the wellbeing of living creatures. It has now become a significant issue all around the world. An unnatural weather change is currently the reason for migraines for all individuals around the world. It is the contamination that is by implication influencing the adjustment of the climate. This worldwide issue needs quick activity. Else, it will be trying to lead a solid way of life.

Sorts of Contamination

There are different sorts of contamination around us. Here, we will talk about additional on the kinds of contamination.

• Air Contamination: It is some of the time noticeable like we can see dirtied air left by the vehicles out and about due to its distinctive shading. By and large, it isn’t noticeable. Dirtied air predominantly influences the eyes and lungs of individuals just as creatures. It can even kill a living animal inside a couple of moments. We think about numerous episodes where unsafe gas spillage has killed individuals. Indeed, even cataclysmic events can make the air harmful. Like volcanic emissions produce hurtful gases that influence human wellbeing and other normal assets too. Vehicles and industrial facilities produce unsafe gases that, in response to daylight, makes thick mist. Air contamination additionally adds to Corrosive Downpour. It can annihilate water life, woodlands, and so on

• Water Contamination: Same like water, one sort of water contamination is apparent like sloppy water, water with trash, and so forth Simultaneously, some noticeably spotless water can contain synthetic substances that are risky to our wellbeing. Drinking contaminated water can cause genuine medical problems. A many individuals kick the bucket worldwide by burning-through debased water. It can likewise in a roundabout way influence people and creatures. Like on the off chance that we eat a fish from a contaminated stream or ocean, we additionally ingest the expected poisons. Flammable gas and oil can likewise add to the contamination of water. Fluid squanders from industrial facilities likewise dirty the water. Strong squanders upset the seepage framework. Sewages, farming waste, corrosive downpour are fundamental reasons for water contamination.

• Soil Contamination: Strong squanders from production lines and families dirty the land. Destructive synthetic substances blend in the dirt through the pesticides utilized in agribusiness. Toxins from landfills blend in the ground and contaminate it. At the point when we eat plants that have filled in the dirtied land, we by implication devour pollutants hurtful to our wellbeing.

    • Noise Contamination: When the sound becomes narrow minded and reason of unsettling influence, it is commotion contamination. The hints of vehicles, mike, noisy music, or hardware cause commotion contamination. It causes genuine medical problems like headache, discouragement, hypertension, forceful conduct, and so forth to people. It additionally straightforwardly influences the wellbeing of creatures. It at times turns into the justification their demise.

    End

    Many individuals and creatures are losing their lives or encountering extreme medical problems because of the expanded degree of contamination. This basic issue needs prompt consideration. The greater part of the reasons for contamination are human exercises. Thus, we should control such exercises that add to contamination. It can basically limit the seriousness of its belongings.