Month: September 2021

GOALS OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS

The five-year plans were introduced in order to create a developed economy for India by removing the economic backwardness. It also ensures that the weaker section are a part of the economic progress of the country. The first plan was launched on 1st April 1951. All these plans had some basic goals to achieve in order to ensure the growth of the economy. 

1.GROWTH 

This goal was aimed towards the increase in the capacity of the country to produce goods and services. The growth can be various forms – a large size of supporting services, a large stock of capital or increase in the efficiency of the capital. The growth of a country can be measured by the increase in its Growth Domestic Product (GDP) which refers to the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a country. 

2.MODERNISATION 

This aimed at the adoption of new technology and changes in the society. The agenda was to increase the production of goods and services through the use of modern technology and also change in social outlook like equality to women. 

3.SELF-RELIANCE 

The aim over here was to make the economy self-reliant. It means overcoming the needs of external assistance or developing without using external resources. High usage of domestic resources was encouraged in this goal. This was done to reduce our dependence on foreign countries so that there will be no foreign interference in the policies of our own country. 

4.EQUITY 

The aim was to make sure that every citizen’s basic needs are fulfilled, and inequalities are reduced. It is important the benefits of the economic growth are availed by all the sections of the society regardless of their class or wealth. A close attention was to be paid to make that the standard of living of all the people is raised and social justice is promoted. 

However, each and every goal cannot be given equal importance under the same plan. Each plan launched in each five year had different goals to achieve.

FIVE YEAR PLAN YEAR GOAL
First 1951-56 Development of primary sector
Second 1956-61 Development of public sector
Third 1961-66 Overall development and independent economy
Plan holiday 1966-69 Priority to agriculture and industry
Fourth 1969-74 Development of agriculture
Fifth 1974-79 Employment and poverty
Plan holiday 1979-80 Overcome the rigidity of five-year plan
Sixth 1980-85 Liberalization and elimination of price control
Seventh 1985-90 Increase in economic productivity
Plan holiday 1990-92 Increase in economic productivity
Eight 1992-97 Modernization and economic reforms
Ninth 1997-2002 Promotion of economic and social growth
Tenth 2002-2007 Reduction in poverty and gender gaps in literacy
Eleventh 2007-12 Rapid and inclusive growth
twelfth 2012-17 Faster and sustainable growth


There were no official plans made after this due to the dissolvement of the planning commission. Although, the five-year defence plans are continued to be made.

About that author- Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka is regarded as one of the greatest writers of all time who gave birth to a new manner of writing all while being tormented by his very existence.

Early life 

Kafka was born in 1883 in Prague, the capital city of what is now known as Czech. He was the eldest son to an acquiescent mother and a strong, assertive and highly dogmatic father.

Kafka’s father had an assertive and sturdy personality, his presence alone was enough to intimidate Franz or his mother.

Neither Kafka nor his mother could ever gather enough courage to contradict his father. For even if Kafka did gather it, it would lead to consequences that Kafka was extremely familiar with. His mother too, was too timid to ever try and protect her son. Much of Kafka’s personality is profoundly shaped by his relationship with his father. Kafka grew up with profuse self hatred,anxiety and despair. He was nothing like his father, in fact he was the exact opposite, and for that he was always a target for criticism.

Even as a young child, he had a particular inclination towards writing and literature, he wanted to write but this dream of his was highly detested by his father and his mother too failed to comprehend the intensity of his dreams or preserve them.

Kafka’s relationship with his father 

Kafka did not have a good relationship with his father and the same is well reflected in his novels. In his novels, Kafka often created an authoritative figure that cannot be vanquished.

In his unfinished work, The Trial,he talks about the bureaucracy, politicians and businessmen that hold the power to oppress and push around an office worker, Josef K., whose personality awfully resembled that of Franz’s. In The Trial Josef .K, one morning was arrested for reasons he was unaware of, and didn’t even attempt to find out because in his view he deserved every tiny bit of it. He doesn’t try to protest or push back and is ultimately pronounced guilty.

Relationship with self

Kafka’s most famous novel, The Metamorphosis, published in 1915 acts as a great mirror to understand his relationship with himself. In The Metamorphosis, a salesman, Gregor Samsa, one morning wakes up only to find out that he has turned into an insect. The novel revolves around Gregor’s struggles after this significant change. 

The metamorphosis represents the hatred and disgust that Kafka held towards himself.

Franz Kafka’s most notable works include The Judgement, A Hunger Artist, and a series of short stories, and much of them were left incomplete. Kafka would burn down more than half of what he wrote because he did not like his work. The trial was written in 1914-15 but wasn’t published until after his death by his friend, Max Brod. Kafka left all of his work to Max Brod, instructing him to destroy all of it, but luckily Brod disregarded his wish and went on to publish his work which attracted attention and was regarded as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century.

LEGACY 

Franz Kafka’s most notable works include The Judgement, A Hunger Artist, and a series of short stories, and much of them were left incomplete. Kafka would burn down more than half of what he wrote because he did not like his work. The trial was written in 1914-15 but wasn’t published until after his death by his friend, Max Brod. Kafka left all of his work to Max Brod, instructing him to destroy all of it, but luckily Brod disregarded his wish and went on to publish his work which attracted attention and was regarded as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century.

Franz Kafka, in 1924 at the age of 40, succumbed to tuberculosis, leaving behind some of the best novels ever written. Kafka was a great literary figure, who inspired writers such as Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre.

Kafka’s world is often characterized by dark but very real themes. His work has a certain melancholy associated with it. It almost seems like a dread filled dream that sticks with the reader and leaves an everlasting impression on them. His work became so profound that it went on to inspire a style of writing called “kafkaesque”, which is often used to describe something with nightmarish, oppressive and despair-like qualities. His world is a place where most people at some point in their life find themselves, and most of them get out of there too but Kafka stayed there for as long as he lived, giving the world something that transcends their imagination.

EDUCATION AND INDIVIDUAL GROWTH

Education is the most powerful tool that help us to change our life.As Malala Yousafzai said “All I want is an education, and I am afraid of no one” she materialized her dream in her real life.We have to have a fire inside us or craving for education.Education is not something that is attributed upon us as a responsibilty rather it should be considered as a fundamental thing for our personal growth.We can analyze how many great souls who left their mark in this world through education.Quest for knowledge is fundamental for achieving greatness in life.More than that we have to be more aware about what is happening around us.Education and power can be said as the two sides of same coin in our daily life we could not survive if do not have a proper education.

As someone said “ignorance is bliss”, we could not ignore education like that.It became a part our life.In this modern world we know how competitive it is to survive in such situations so in order to get a proper and good life we need to be more educated.Understanding history helps to improve the knowledge of students.In a way history can be seen as a guiding tool.We have to be well aware about historical facts in our life that helps us to be vigilant and alert in our life.Learning a new language or learning about new idea keeps you vibrant.Having a good knowledge about work or what ever you are doing is important in achieving perfection.Nobody is perfect then why somebody is admired over other people ? That is only because of their educational standard or knowledge.A good athlete needs constant practice for good performance, in the similar way a good learner have to practice and read more.

Reading is one of the important thing that helps in your personal growth.You become more aware of the thought process of people .Education and culture are interdependent. In a particular region there must be some rules and did you ever thought who creates this rules ? It should be from a person who possess power.An educated person can lead his natives to development.There are laws and regulations in these contemporary scenario but still some knowledgeable person become more famous during these days.We have to create our own identity during these days.That can only be possible through good education and a sharp knowledge.Scholars and students are also learning through their entire life.Not only academicians but all people in this universe is learning through their entire life about various things and from various experiences.

To conclude we have to prioritize our education over anything in our life.Education is important for personality development.A nation can be said to be developed only if every citizens in it have provided with equal opportunities.Education should be provided without any gender bias.Some traditional culture would not support women to be educated.They have to change their perspectives and they have to rise from their cocoon.We can break all shackles from our life through high standard of living that can only be achieved through a proper education.

All That Glitters is not Gold

By- Supriya

All that glitters is definitely not Gold.In reality, many a times it is the fake one that glitters more.Even that useless broken piece of a glass that can do nothing but cut through flesh and make it bleed will shine with great glory as the sum rays fall and dance upon its surface. But that reflection of prismatic colours do not change that wounding piece of glass into gold. It is often thus said with a touch of a warning that ‘Appearance is always deceptive ‘. Thus we should never rely on outward manifestations and put up shows. Many a times people can put up false show of kindness, charity ,love, respect and other kinds of virtues.People even get swayed by that artful pretence of such people. But time and trails are the greatest examiners. With time when trails knock at their door, such people start showing their true colours.

Many a times ,in life, things are not what they seem to be. Most of the times, they are covered by false masks , faces and appearances.In fact , history has repeatedly proved that people have worn multiple masks in order to reach the higher ladders of success. People often make use of trickery ,cunningness,hypocrisy and flattery in order to achieve their dreams. They believe their inward reality of shallowness and hollowness by a fantastic and blinding show of grave morality.So, due to false appearances, morally depraved have easily passed as great moralists before the world ,fools have passed as wise, dishonest people have been thought of as honest,liars as great protectors of truth , wicked as sincere friends and traitors as great patriots. The garb of fine dresses, good manners, sweet voice ,kind behaviour and honey – dripping personality works out well with such persons as people at large are often swayed by such sweetness. But rarely do they realise that under this rosy appearance lies the serpent quietly coiled up ready to string at the slightest provocation.
It is in fact very easy to befool and misguide people by putting on a grab of goodness by means of fine dresses and speeches. People fall prey to good manners and good appearance. Human mind is gullible and foolish. It is often taken captive by what is shown and does not care to see what lies behind. Hence, people are often deceived because of such appearances. Sycophancy and hypocrisy can, of course ,help people for sometime to climb the social and economic ladder but concealment cannot work for long. Gold shows itself as purer than ever before when tried and tested, but it is the fake one that fails at the slightest touch of test.

It has been rightly and aptly said that everything is not exactly as it seems. A shiny piece of metal shining gloriously in the sun from afar, turns out to be a useless piece of sharp- edged tin if examined closely.

Thus, before making hasty judgement based on what seems to be one should take time to try and peep behind the facade of make – belief sweetness and politeness. One should use wisdom and discretion to weigh the appearance against what lurks behind as truth. Then only one can learn to differentiate between gold and the rest that glitters as gold.

HOW TO BE CONSISTENT IN STUDIES

Keep going with your goals

Wisdom and knowledge can be said as the two sides of a same coin.During these pandemic day as part of Covid 19 protocols we have to stay at home.Students are the victims of laziness during these days.Here are some remedial measures for all students to be consistent in their studies.Discipline can be achieved only through continuous practice.Even students coming from poor family achieve academic excellence than others.The only reason behind success is to be consistent in what ever you are doing in daily life.Setting a particular timetable for daily routine would help students a lot. Some students lack discipline because of their laziness ,but there many possible ways to overcome this obstacles.Making to do list plays a crucial role in achieving daily goals.

To make a day productive students must set a daily routine compulsorily.Some students can manage their studies without preparing a daily routine.Even though we study hard sometimes things may not be so easy for us.It depends upon the abilities of the students.Seeking the opinion of teachers is another method that helps student to plan about their future. In order to be consistent in life , we have to have a proper plan in our life.In making a daily routine they can also a healthy diet along with daily accomplishments.A good mind can be pruned only from a healthy body.It would be helpful for students to do some aerobic exercises in the morning this will help them to reduce their tension.It is fine to have a belief in God or not, it would be beneficial for them to analyse their daily activities and their daily deeds.This would help students to keep their morale high.

Study room and it’s atmosphere plays major role in formation of knowledge in ourselves.It have to clean and properly arranged ,it does not depend upon whether it is a small room or a big room.For those who are now sitting in a small study room have to keep in mind that you can change your surroundings or whatever hardships you are facing in your life, you can change it only through the power of education.Education enlightens the soul and whatever we have learned would not be a waste.Every single knowledge is precious.That is why students have to be consistent in their studies.Studying through a virtual platform will be a challenge for students they have to taken special care about their health also.Looking to system for a long time causes students loss of interest in studies.

Students have to have a goal in their life and they have to paste the same on the wall in study room. That is a psychology because that aim would enter in to their subconscious mind. If an idea enter in to our mind it is difficult to eliminate it from our mind.We have to give our complete attention to our surroundings also we have to a general knowledge about what is happening around us.Government should have implement various programs that would provide students with various job opportunity in their life.For example, students have to be acknowledged about various professional courses and various competitive exams.This will help students to concentrate on their studies.Being ourselves and finding our own methods in managing our life is an art.Students have to be concentrate more on their studies and they have to prioritize their studies over anything.

Top Five High Demanded Skills

1)GOOGLE SEO

SEO stands for “SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION”. In easy way, it means the process for improving the website to increase the visibility of people who searching in Google and other search engines. In this job, the SEO expert are marketing professional who use research and analysis to improve a website’s ranking an search engine like Google. SEO is a good carrier in 2021 because it gives you access to diverse opportunities.https://developers.google.com/search/docs/beginner/seo-starter-guide

2) DIGITAL MARKETING

Digital Marketing is the promotion of brands to connect with potential customers using the internet and other form of digital communication. They do marketing through email, display advertising, affiliate marketing, public relations. Digital marketing is the one of the demandable skill which pay you high. Even we can done digital marketing from home with using phone, laptop. Their strategy of digital marketing is marketing the platform, apps, products etc. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_marketing

3) BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

BLOCKCHAIN Technology is defined as decentralised ledger that records the provenance of a digital asset. In BLOCKCHAIN technology, the experts develops enable source digital transaction by creating system to record and store BLOCKCHAIN data in a way that prevents changes or hacks. This technology needed skills in C++, Python, Typescript. There are many free online courses to learn. Blockchain technology from edX, Coursera, Udemy etc. This Blockchain developer have good carrier for earning. The average Blockchain developer salary is 3 lakhs to 5 lakhs.https://www.euromoney.com/learning/blockchain-explained/what-is-blockchain

4) CONTENT CREATION

Content creation is the process of identifying a new topic you want to write about, deciding which form you want the content to take, formalizing your strategy, and then actually producing it. It is providing free and useful information to the audience. It make become successful if are giving curious and look for topic their target audience likely carrying about. The most popular type of content are the blog post and articles. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_creation#:~:text=Content%20creation%20is%20the%20contribution,user%2Faudience%20in%20specific%20contexts.&text=A%20Pew%20survey%20described%20content,contribute%20to%20the%20online%20world.%22

5) CODING

Coding is the computer program to create computer software, games, apps and website etc. It is the step-by-step instructions that get computer to do what you want them to do. They are many coding website to learn. The first computer programming language was created in 1883. In coding we want to understand a script that a computer can understand. Approximately the coding earn upto $50000 per year. This also demanded skill for the next decades.https://www.mygreatlearning.com/blog/all-about-coding-languages/?amp

The better you attract, The better you become

Have you ever felt attracted towards something or someone just by a glimpse of sight? Yeah, that’s what the attraction of energy is. Everything in the universe has its unique energy with different frequencies and vibrations.
There’s a famous quote by Nikola Tesla “If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency, and vibration.”

In childhood, we all have been taught to maintain a relationship with good people only. The reason being behind is if we attract the good people energy we will become good too but if we will be in a bad angry we will behave the same.

Each one of us desires to live in a calming and peaceful environment. It is important to understand the angry within us is affected by our surroundings, the better the energy the better you will feel, the better you will become

Everything starts with what kind of energy you are putting into the universe. And the energy you are attracting from the universe. If you think of something positive you will tend to attract that and if you think of negative vice-versa will happen. Here the law of attraction came into action. You will become what you will think. The more positive you are around the happier you become. The way to do this is by associating yourself with better energy.

Lastly, I would like to note that if you want to become better you will get rid of all negative energy aspects in your life. It could be negative people, negative things, bad habits. You will feel the benefit of all that bad energy lifted from your life. Then Your life will become better.

China’s Evergraned some relief for jittery markets

China's Evergrande says will make a scheduled payment | Bankruptcy News | Al Jazeera

China’s Evergrande to make security coupon installment, some help for jumpy business sectors

China Evergrande Group’s principle unit today said it would make a bond coupon installment on Sept. 23, offering some alleviation to unsteady business sectors that had been anxious over feelings of trepidation that a default of China’s No. 2 designer could swell through the worldwide monetary framework. U.S. stock fates, the yuan and the danger delicate Australian dollar rose, while place of refuge resources like the yen and U.S. Depositories slipped.

Hengda Real Estate Group said in an assertion it would make the coupon installment on its Shenzhen-exchanged 5.8% September 2025 bond on schedule on Sept. 23.

The declaration comes as Evergrande, when the nation’s top-selling engineer, inches more like a vital cutoff time for a premium installment on a dollar security, with monetary business sectors tense even as financial backers and examiners made light of the danger of its inconveniences turning into the country’s “Lehman second.”

While worries about the overflow from a chaotic breakdown annoyed business sectors on Monday, U.S. stocks were level on Tuesday and Chinese offers opened strongly lower following a two-day public occasion. Be that as it may, China’s property file later recuperated misfortunes and was up over 3%, while banking stocks were down around 3%.

“There’s been a reasonable bit of worry about the chance of virus,” investigators at New York-based Bespoke wrote in an exploration note on Tuesday. “In any case, so far that worry isn’t appearing in pieces of the credit advertises that have served well as warnings for more extensive credit crunches previously.”

The Story of a Bengal teacher “Rastar Mastar” – Nayak.

The story of a young teacher from West Bengal’s West Bardhaman District of Joba Attpara has defied all the ways of conventional teaching.

Street classrooms in the West Bengal -Joba Attapara

Deep Narayan Nayak- a 34-year-old teacher from West Bengal has painted the blackboards on the walls of the houses and turned streets into classrooms as well.

The Pandemic has quite been a ride for all of us and has also outraged Study sectors worldwide. The only school in the Bardhaman district has been shut since the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic in March 2020.

In his attempt to bridge the gap in the prolonged school closure and lack of devices and means of online classes. As he doesn’t want his students to miss out on studies and forget their lessons, Nayak came up with the idea of organising classes on the rural streets.

01\05

“The Rastar Mastar- Deep Narayan Nayak “. Eminently known as Rastar Master- the teacher of the streets teaches almost all subjects to the children of the village- from nursery rhymes to Covid-19 appropriate behaviours. Children of the village do not have access to the devices and gadgets to take online classes Nayak rectify this problem too by make an acquaintance of them to the laptops, gadgets, microscopes and other tools in his open air classroom.

02\05
03\05

Don’t want these children to loiter around like pointless humans.

04\05

Nayak feared that the children would drift away from their studies and forget their lessons due to the prolonged shutdown of the schools and limited access to technical devices. As most of them are the kids of daily-wage workers who work hard to earn their daily bread. Nayak said- I don’t want these kids to loiter around and take their cattle for grazing. I want to make sure that their learning doesn’t stop.

Books- Our Real True Friends

 By: Astha Raghav 

Life is not easy to live without friends. When it comes to Books, they can be our best friends ever. Good Books enriches our mind with good thoughts and knowledge just like a good friend. We cannot feel alone in the company of books. We can learn many good things while reading a good book. Books written by famous and experienced people helps us to become a better human being and also teach us how to serve the society in the best possible way. When we are alone, we can always pick up a book and start reading to feel relax.

Books are our best friends because they inspire us to do great things in life and overcome our failures. We learn a lot from good books just like a good friend. Books can be good or bad, but it is our responsibility to choose them wisely. Friendship with Good books makes you Good person and friendship with Bad books make you bad person. Books will always be there for you in your bad times. Books teach us to have dreams. Books brings positive value to our life.


We all need friends who would be there for us when needed and who would understand us without being judgemental. And books can be our best friends for life, for all the right reasons. Good books enrich our mind and broaden our perspective towards life. What’s more, one can never feel lonely in the company of books. Here we list down ten top reasons why books are our best friends for life. There are so many Books and So little time to read them. Around 130 million books have been published in the history of humanity. There are somewhere between 600,000 to 1,000,000 books published every year in the US alone, I am a big lover of Books, Especially self-help books, Books has been an important part of my life, It is well said That Books can be your best and true companion, Books Simplifies our lives, Books allow its readers to internalize, respond, react and transform. Books are indeed more reliable.Books are important in various Unexpected ways, Books allow Readers to travel without using their feet, Books give wings to our imagination, books are full of knowledge, joy, happiness, wisdom and so much more into it, Books are more than enjoyment, Books have the capability to transform your life, Books can help you in your hardest time, books make you realize that you are not alone in this world who are struggling, Book gives a solution and gives you a new way and a new perspective to look at things and situations. Here are the Top 20 Books you should read before you die. Here you will find so many Book Summary Websites which will help you to choose your next book.

Books make our mind more healthy and fit,  one of the greatest importance of books, it protects you from Alzheimer’s Disease,  another importance of the book is that It improves your vocabulary, if your child or a toddler just learned the alphabet, then this is the perfect time to introduce your child to the wonderful world of books. because books play a very important and crucial role in your child’s total development, a child who forms a habit of reading books are better in almost all aspects of their lives, their total development is far better than the ones who are not involved in reading. What are the Best Books for the Kids?

Television, Internet, and TV Shows can look appealing but nothing can replace a Good Book, Reading is a Dream that you hold in your hands, Books are the best and the most loyal friend you can have, It gives you wisdom, solution, new perspective, imagination, improves your confidence, improves your mental health and most of all protect you from many problems and issues, Importance of books can never be ignored, Technology will change the world will change But Importance of books and reading can never change. Books hold such importance to me because books are the only thing which is constant in this ever-changing world. Here is the useful guide to Increase Reading Speed By 300%.

Books Inspire us, motivates us, encourage us and always make us see the right path, it makes us understand that nothing is impossible in this world, It allows us to take action and help us to know our true potential, Books illuminates our life, Books show us our passion and make us understand that all Limits are self-imposed, Limits are usually in our mind, Books have the potential to upgrade our conviction to match our destiny.

One of my friends asked me why Books are so heavy; for his question, I replied instantly “Because the whole world is inside them.” 

This is so true, Yes the whole world resides in one great book, There are many books available in the market, many books get published each Year, It is you who needs to know what exactly you want from a book, what answer you are searching for, and nowadays there are many sites and useful pages who  gives a gist about books, which makes choosing book easy for you, hence understand which Genre you are looking for, For example, I love to read Self-help Books, because it gives wisdom, knowledge and secret principles and lessons which can make us achieve all our goals and dreams, Self-help books help us convert our dream into reality, it helps in every aspect of our lives, health, wealth, relationships and communication.

Thank You!

Jantar mantar,Jaipur

22.09.2021

Oshil chawada 

The Jantar Mantar is a collection of 19 astronomical instruments built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II, the founder of Jaipur, Rajasthan. The monument was completed in 1734. It features the world’s largest stone , and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located near City Palace and Hawa Mahal. The instruments allow the observation of astronomical positions sundial with the naked eye. The observatory is an example of the Ptolemaic positional astronomy which was shared by many civilizations.

The monument features instruments operating in each of the three main classical celestial coordinate systems: the horizon-zenith local system, the equatorial system, and the ecliptic system. The Kanmala Yantraprakara is one that works in two systems and allows transformation of the coordinates directly from one system to the other.

The monument was damaged in the 19th century. Early restoration work was undertaken under the supervision of Major Arthur Garrett, a keen amateur astronomer, during his appointment as Assistant State Engineer for the Jaipur District.

Himalayan Day

 

By: Astha Raghav 

The Himalayas, or Himalaya are a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet’s highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 peaks exceeding 7,200 m (23,600 ft) in elevation lie in the Himalayas. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia (Aconcagua, in the Andes) is 6,961 m (22,838 ft) tall.

A section of the Himalayan mountain range showing Mount Everest and surrounding peaks as seen from the International Space Station looking south-south-east over the Tibetan Plateau. Four of the world’s fourteen eight-thousanders, mountains higher than 8000 metres, can be seen, Makalu (8462 m), Everest (8850 m), Kanchenjunga (8586 m), and Lhotse (8516 m). The Himalayas abut or cross five countries: Bhutan, India, Nepal, China, and Pakistan. The sovereignty of the range in the Kashmir region is disputed among India, Pakistan, and China. The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Some of the world’s major rivers, the Indus, the Ganges, and the Tsangpo–Brahmaputra, rise in the vicinity of the Himalayas, and their combined drainage basin is home to some 600 million people; 53 million people live in the Himalayas. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia and Tibet; many Himalayan peaks are sacred in Hinduism and Buddhism.

Lifted by the subduction of the Indian tectonic plate under the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc 2,400 km (1,500 mi) long. Its western anchor, Nanga Parbat, lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus river. Its eastern anchor, Namcha Barwa, lies immediately west of the great bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The range varies in width from 350 km (220 mi) in the west to 150 km (93 mi) in the east.

Thank You!