EduPub (Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd) is a company dedicated to the development of the education, learning, research and innovation in the field of the research and books publication. We are pioneer in providing wide range of services to educational institutions, government agencies, individuals and corporates in the field of training and education, research and development, research and innovation. research and publication.
The term “germ” encompasses an army of tiny terrors, including viruses, fungi, parasites, and bacteria. These “pathogens” all have the ability to spread from victim to victim(called a host). Germs are so small you can see them only through a microscope. They look like spiky blogs, oozing spirals,hairy hotdogs, or other microscopic monsters.
Why are germs bad for us?
These microorganisms hitch a ride into our bodies on the food we eat, in the air we breathe, or through a variety of other methods. Once they have invaded our personal spaces, germs reproduce and create toxic waste, which triggers our body’s most repulsive reactions. They make us sniffle, upchuck, run to the toilet, break out in rashes and fevers, and suffer even more unpleasant symptoms.
How do we get sick from viruses?
Most viruses are frail little things ( unlike bacteria and fungi, viruses are not even alive ) that can multiply only inside a living host ( including animals, plants, and even bacteria). There they spread overwhelming and attacking the host’s immune system and causing all sorts of nasty symptoms. Colds, flus, chicken pox, immune disorders, and measles are caused by viruses. Among the worst is a Ebola, which triggers bleeding and is fatal more than half the people who catch it.
How do we get sick from fungi?
Fungi are microscopic molds, yeasts, and other plant like pathogens that thrive in wet, warm places like our armpits, our belly buttons, and the dank spaces between our toes. They feed on our respect and dead tissues and produce stinky wastes that irritate our skin.
How do we get sick from parasites?
This ghastly germ group includes itty-bitty insect larvae, amoebas, and one celled organisms called Protozoa that live in nasty food, damp soil, or dirty water. Parasites depend on a living host for their survival. They sneak into our bodies in tainted water and food, costing of all sorts of gastrointestinal gripes: diarrhoea, vomiting, upset stomachs, and worse. Malaria – common diseases that causes chills, shaking, and fevers – is spread by a parasite passed in mosquito bites. These life-sucking relationships are often the stuff of nightmares.
How do we get sick from bacteria?
Unlike viruses, bacteria are living single celled organisms that can reproduce both outside and inside the body. Like all living things, bacteria create waste -microscopic poops that can act as a poison inside the host. You can blame sore throat, ear infections and tooth-tartar buildup on bacteria. One of the most famous bacteria is Escherichia coli. This rod shaped micorbe lives deep in your intestines, the body’s busiest bacterial neighborhood. Harmful ones make you puke for days.E.coli strains produce an important vitamin. That’s right – some bacteria are actually good for you!
How many bacteria are inside our body right now?
Your body is built of trillions of itty-bitty living blobs, called cells, that work together to make you you. But for every cell you call your own, ten foreign bacteria cluster around or near it. You are a microbe metropolis! Scientists call these communities of foreign bacteria your body’s “flora”, and no two people host the same mix of microorganisms. In fact, scientists are beginning to think of your flora as just another organ.
Can we see these bacteria?
No, they are microscopic. But you can certainly smell them. Like any living thing, bacteria eat, reproduce,die, and create waste which can make your life stink – literally !(Bacteria are the source of bad breath and body odor.)
Benefits of Bacteria
Your gut reaction might be to wrinkle your nose at the thought of bacteria inside your guts, but it turns out that many so-called good bacteria are essential to your health, the survival of life on Earth, and the making of tasty foods. Behold, the benefits of a microscopic allies…
Health boosting
Your body’s microbes support your immune system, which fights sickness.
Plant feeding
Blue-green algae and other types of bacteria convert the nitrogen in the air into compounds plants can use.
Food processing
Micorbes in our innards play a huge role in the digestive process, helping us absorb nutrients and vitamins from our food.
Food making
Bacteria are a vital ingredient in the process of turning milk into yogurt and tasty cheeses. The holes in Swiss cheese are created by carbon dioxide bubbles exhaled by bacteria during the cheese making process.
Planet Cleaning
Bacteria breakdown dead animals and plants, which “decompose” into nutrients for the living.
Startups wow….. The newest way to an innovative world. Startups can be the most appropriate option for today’s world. Startups create job opportunities with better knowledge, technique, skill and experience. We can say these things provide a perfect balance for a good startup. Earlier startup was not seen as a career objective because there is high risk and no surity that the individual will succeed. But when people realised that there is so much competition and it’s almost impossible for any government to provide a secured job to every individual, start-ups came into existence . Startup does not need a qualified degree. It can be a group of people of village or an MBA individual. It’s just that one must have the passion to do it. Startups are employment creators and as we are seeing in the world the problem of unemployment, population crisis, lack of jobs people are thinking about it. People are accepting the fact that starups can be proved as a game changer in any economy. The youth is taking interest and participating into the startup programs and enhancing their skills. Not only the youth, there is a section which is neglected and that section is of our senior citizens. Yes u read it right senior citizens , they are in the habit of doing a particular job for a long period of time and once they get retired they can’t accept the fact mentally. They are in habit of doing something. Startups can be a good way to utilise their knowledge and experience. Start-ups makes an individual to be a boss of your own and who doesn’t like it. A tea seller who is selling tea is also doing a startup and a businessman too is doing the startup. By this we can say that startup not only creates employment opportunities but also eliminates the feeling of being superior. Any individual from any background can start his startup. It’s like a dream to come true and you are not being judged by the society at that time.
The world is looking towards India in the field of start-ups. The government is also understanding the need of startups and they have launched many schemes and loans for the people to do their own startup. Startup makes an individual self reliant and self dependent. Startup also develops communication and leadership skills to deal with the outside world with your own thoughts and ideas. A platform for a person to prove himself that nothing is greater than knowledge. If you have the correct guidance and passion you can do your work with complete devotion and that’s what startup is.
Hope you will like reading the article and encourage yourselves!!! Thank you
L.Frank Baum was an American author born on May 15,1856 ChittenangoNew York. He has written 14 novel on Oz, plus 41 on others and many more works.
. SUMMARY
Let’s talk about one of the greatest literary work of L.Frank ‘The Wizard’s of Oz’ which became a classic of children literature. The novel is about a girl named Dorothy, who lives with her uncle Henry and aunt Em with her pet dog Toto in Kansas. A sudden cyclone strikes and swift away Dorothy and Toto along with her uncle’s farmhouse and dumped it in the land of Munchkin of Oz’s, in the process killing the wicked witch of East. Wanting to go back to her homeland the story embarks her journey on the yellow brick road to the emerald City of great wizard of oz. On the way she makes friends with the Scarecrow who wants a brain, the Tin woodmen who wants a heart and a cowardly Lion who wants courage. After many adventures they reach the Emerald City to the great wizard of Oz. The wizard lay’sa condition only if they kill the wicked witch of west the desires will be fulfilled. They commence their journey on killing the witch , after a lot of difficulties they are able to kill the witch. On returning back to the wizard they are left shocked………. Let me leave the summary on this note so the readers curiosity is not killed.
. THEME
The story has many theme ; one must find their strength in oneself and their friendship. The courage to tackle the problems comes from within and the good circle of friends who surrounds them. The grass is not greener on the other side , we should enjoy our present and stay contented from within . It also depicts there no place like home one can not find the happiness of a family to a foreign land but their own land . Life throws you many hurdles but one must fight with it with their full potential and never to lose hope .
Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray has urged people to behave in a Covid-appropriate manner, warning that if the number of coronavirus cases in the state rises, the state will be forced to reimpose a lockdown. Thackeray made the remarks after unfurling the national flag at the state secretariat ‘Mantralaya’ on the 75th anniversary of the country’s independence. “The majority of the COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted. However, the danger is far from finished. As new strains of the virus are discovered in other nations, we must remain vigilant to ensure that the threat does not reach us. Given the scarcity of medical oxygen, if the number of daily COVID-19 cases rises, the state will be placed under lockdown, according to Thackeray.
House of Cards is the story of Mridula, a bright young woman with enormous enthusiasm for life who hails from a Karnataka village. A chance meeting with Sanjay, a talented but impoverished doctor, leads to love—and the couple marry and settle in Bangalore. The more Mridula sees of the world, the more she realizes how selfish and materialistic people can be. But she does not take the ups and downs of life to heart, and lives each day with positive energy. Trouble brews when Sanjay quits his government job and starts an immensely successful private practice. With affluence comes the neverending ambition for more, and the inevitable slide into corrupt practices. For a long time, Mridula has no idea that Sanjay has sold his soul; when the truth hits her, she has no recourse but to walk out on him. But can she really find a space of her own?
This intricately woven novel explores human relationships in telling detail, and holds up a mirror to our society with candour and with conviction.
This book is wonderfully written. The harsh realities of the real life are fictioned in a simple language. The story focus on both love and practical life. The end of the story is very good. The fictional village (Aaladahalli, Karnataka) amuses the readers. It tells us the power of money, and how it affects the relationships. This will keep you hooked up.
Would recommend it. As Sudha Murthy writes beautifully in a simple language it is easy for most of the readers to grab the information and relate to a few characters. For beginners, I suggest to start with her children’s books and then her novels. This book is worth a read.
Like I say : Reading books is magic, it makes you live hundreds of lives in a single one. Or atleast that’s what I believe. Hopefully this book will have an impact and magic you are/ were waiting for. I’ll take a leave.
Yes yes you only, you’re very special. Did you know that you’re very special. There’s nobody like you on the whole planet. You deserve to be loved immensely not only by the creatures around you but by the most important person in your life and that’s YOU. If you ever desire to be in a relationship, be in the everlasting one with yfourself first. Practicing self-love can be challenging for many of us, especially in times when we face serious challenges. It’s not about being self-absorbed or narcissistic, it’s about getting in touch with ourselves, our well-being and our happiness. We practice self-love so we can push through our limiting beliefs and live a life that truly shines.
So do yourself a favor, take a deep breath, give yourself a little hug and start practicing the following:
▪Begin each day by telling yourself something positive. It can be anything which makes you feel pleasant. How adorable you look today. How well you handled a situation.
▪ Fill your body with food and drink that nourishes it and makes it thrive.
▪ Move that gorgeous body of yours every single day and learn to love the skin you’re in. You can’t hate your way into loving yourself.
▪ Don’t believe everything which hits your mind. There is an inner critic inside of us trying to keep us small and safe. The downside of this also stops us from living a full life.
▪ Surround yourself with people who love and encourage you. Let them remind you just how amazing you are.
▪ End all toxic relationships. Seriously. Don’t just waste your time in it. Anyone who makes you feel anything less than amazing doesn’t deserve to be a part of your life.
▪ Avoid the comparisons. There is no one on this planet like you, so you cannot fairly compare yourself to someone else. The only person you should compare yourself to is you.
▪ Step outside of your comfort zone and try something new. It’s incredible the feeling we get when we realize we have achieved something we didn’t think we could do before.
▪ Celebrate your wins no matter how big or small. Pat yourself on the back and be proud of what you have achieved.
▪ Embrace and love the things that make you different. This is what makes you special.
▪ Take time out to calm your mind every day. Breathe in and out, clear your mind of your thoughts and just be you.
▪ Follow your passion. You know the thing that gets you so excited but scares you at the same time. The thing you really want to do but have convinced yourself it won’t work. You should go do that!
▪ Be patient but persistent. Self-love is ever evolving. It’s something that needs to be practiced daily but can take a lifetime to master. So be kind and support yourself through the challenging times.
▪ Be mindful of what you think, feel and want. Live your life in ways that truly reflect this.
▪ Treat others with love and respect. It makes us feel better about ourselves when we treat others the way we hope to be treated. That doesn’t mean everybody will always repay the favor, but that’s their problem not yours.
▪ Find something to be grateful for every day. It’s inevitable that you are going to have your down days. This is fine and very human of you. It’s especially important on these days to find at least one thing you are grateful for as it helps to shift your mind and energy around what’s going on.
▪ Reach out to family, friends, healers, whomever you need to help you through the tough times. You are not expected to go through them alone.
▪ Learn to say no. Saying no sometimes doesn’t make you a bad person, it makes you a smart person.
▪ Forgive yourself. You know that thing you did one time (or maybe a few times) that made you feel bad, embarrassed, ashamed? It’s time to let that go. You can’t change the things you have done in the past but you can control your future. Look at it as a learning experience and believe in your ability to change.
▪ Write it down. So many thoughts running in your mind gives you headache? Write them all down on a piece of paper, no matter how crazy, mean, sad, or terrifying they are. Keep it in a journal, tear it up, burn it, whatever you need to do to, just let it go.
▪ Just you. Grab a cup of your favorite tea, coffee, wine, whatever your choice of drink, and sit down for a few minutes on your own. No TV or distractions, just you. Think about the wonderful things that are happening in your life right now, what your big dreams are and how you can make them happen.
▪ Give up the need for approval from others. Believe in yourself and go for it.
▪ Be realistic. There is no person on this earth that is happy every single moment of every single day. It’s because we are all human. We make mistakes, we feel emotions (good and bad) and this is OK. Allow yourself to be human.
▪ Get creative and express yourself in whatever way you like. Painting, writing, sculpting, dancing, reading, music, whatever takes your fancy, and make sure you leave your inner critic at the door. There are nothing called PERFECT to be creative.
▪ Find your happy place. Where’s the one place you feel totally at ease, calm, happy, positive, high on life? Go to that place when you are going through hard times, or imagine yourself being there. Adore each and every thing you’re surrounded with.Think about how it feels, what it smells like, what it looks like.
▪ Let go of past trauma and wounds. This can be a really tough one and it may be one of those times you need to turn to others for support. The truth is though, when we let go of things that have happened to us it’s almost like a weight is lifted off our shoulders. We don’t have to carry that around with us anymore. We deserve better.
▪ The next time you are feeling happy and on top of the world make a list of your best qualities and accomplishments. It may sound a little corny, but it can be a wonderful reminder when you are having a day that’s less than amazing.
▪ Get in touch with your inner self. If it’s anything less than loving, encouraging and supportive, it’s time to make a change. You deserve to be spoken to in the same way you would speak to your best friend, sister, brother, daughter, or son.
▪ Have fun! Get out there and do the things that light your fire. Enjoy them, enjoy being you and enjoy your incredible life.
Remember Something, or felt something? Or the memories of primary days of Hindi classes? If yes, then let me tell you the story of this Indian Poetess who wasn’t just dedicated to her literature and poems but also she was the first Satyagrahi to get an order of court arrest during our fight for freedom.
She wrote many poems which moved millions of hearts from its feeling of patriotism that she was able to awake in people through her writings.
The poetess wrote this down by remembering the sacrifices and courage of yet another freedom fighter but today it feels like she was defining herself too through the blend of different words under the impression of bravery and courage of Jhansi Ki Rani.
Shubharda Kumari Chauhan
Today on the 16th of Aug, this day is celebrated as the 117th birth anniversary of Indian Poetess Mrs. Shubhadra Kumari Chauhan Ji.
She was a writer with a promising future and great importance even in the era wherein India there was male dominance in every field out there.
She was born in Nihalpur village in Allahabad (Prayagraj) and she started her first fight against Britishers at the age of 9 by writing a poem full of patriotism and inspiration to come forward and fight along with every Indian out there to restore India’s Independency.
To overcome every boundary
Being a dedicated wife and all above being a woman didn’t ever hinder the path of her tremendous willpower to always fight for her Country alongside everyone.
She took part in many marches alongside Gandhi Ji and even discarded every point of view that can differentiate people based on caste, creed, etc.
Even though she was sent to Jail she continued her participation in the activity of freedom and contributed her part nevertheless.
The Calls
She was always enthusiastic and eager to help others and motivate them to help for the Country’s cause. She called for people’s unity and help through her poem and as result, the poem of this poetess now is of great Importance in Hindi literature.
She even took an active part in National Indian Movement resulting in inspiring many more women especially when she overcome the society norms, hardships and contributed her part as an independent individual.
She published many poems and short stories around 100 in number during her awakening of patriotism in countrymen and made many revolutionary statements too.
She lives
After one year of our independent India our poetess, our warrior, and yet another one of our gems gone away too soon.
Once she was returning from an event in Nagpur the poetess met with a car accident resulting in the passing away of our first-ever woman Satyagrahi.
Even though her body passed away and her soul reached the height of salvation yet she lives through her writing, she is living through every young mind who all are getting inspired by her writing even at this modernized age of thoughts.
An exception occurs when the PL/SQL engine encounters an instruction which it cannot execute due to an error that occurs at run-time. These errors will not be captured at the time of compilation and hence these needed to handle only at the run-time.
For example, if PL/SQL engine receives an instruction to divide any number by ‘0’, then the PL/SQL engine will throw it as an exception. The exception is only raised at the run-time by the PL/SQL engine.
Exceptions will stop the program from executing further, so to avoid such condition, they need to be captured and handled separately. This process is called as Exception-Handling, in which the programmer handles the exception that can occur at the run time.
In this tutorial, you will learn the following topics-
Exceptions are handled at the block, level, i.e., once if any exception occurs in any block then the control will come out of execution part of that block. The exception will then be handled at the exception handling part of that block. After handling the exception, it is not possible to resend control back to the execution section of that block.
The below syntax explains how to catch and handle the exception.
BEGIN
<execution block>
.
.
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exceptionl_name>
THEN
<Exception handling code for the “exception 1 _name’' >
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
<Default exception handling code for all exceptions >
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the exception-handling block contains series of WHEN condition to handle the exception.
Each WHEN condition is followed by the exception name which is expected to be raised at the run time.
When any exception is raised at runtime, then the PL/SQL engine will look in the exception handling part for that particular exception. It will start from the first ‘WHEN’ clause and, sequentially it will search.
If it found the exception handling for the exception which has been raised, then it will execute that particular handling code part.
If none of the ‘WHEN’ clause is present for the exception which has been raised, then PL/SQL engine will execute the ‘WHEN OTHERS’ part (if present). This is common for all the exception.
After executing the exception, part control will go out of the current block.
Only one exception part can be executed for a block at run-time. After executing it, the controller will skip the remaining exception handling part and will go out of the current block.
Note: WHEN OTHERS should always be at the last position of the sequence. The exception handling part present after WHEN OTHERS will never get executed as the control will exit from the block after executing the WHEN OTHERS.
Types of Exception
There are two types of Exceptions in Pl/SQL.
Predefined Exceptions
User-defined Exception
Predefined Exceptions
Oracle has predefined some common exception. These exceptions have a unique exception name and error number. These exceptions are already defined in the ‘STANDARD’ package in Oracle. In code, we can directly use these predefined exception name to handle them.
Below are the few predefined exceptions
Exception
Error Code
Exception Reason
ACCESS_INTO_NULL
ORA-06530
Assign a value to the attributes of uninitialized objects
CASE_NOT_FOUND
ORA-06592
None of the ‘WHEN’ clause in CASE statement satisfied and no ‘ELSE’ clause is specified
COLLECTION_IS_NULL
ORA-06531
Using collection methods (except EXISTS) or accessing collection attributes on a uninitialized collections
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
ORA-06511
Trying to open a cursor which is already opened
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
ORA-00001
Storing a duplicate value in a database column that is a constrained by unique index
INVALID_CURSOR
ORA-01001
Illegal cursor operations like closing an unopened cursor
INVALID_NUMBER
ORA-01722
Conversion of character to a number failed due to invalid number character
NO_DATA_FOUND
ORA-01403
When ‘SELECT’ statement that contains INTO clause fetches no rows.
ROW_MISMATCH
ORA-06504
When cursor variable data type is incompatible with the actual cursor return type
SUBSCRIPT_BEYOND_COUNT
ORA-06533
Referring collection by an index number that is larger than the collection size
SUBSCRIPT_OUTSIDE_LIMIT
ORA-06532
Referring collection by an index number that is outside the legal range (eg: -1)
TOO_MANY_ROWS
ORA-01422
When a ‘SELECT’ statement with INTO clause returns more than one row
VALUE_ERROR
ORA-06502
Arithmetic or size constraint error (eg: assigning a value to a variable that is larger than the variable size)
ZERO_DIVIDE
ORA-01476
Dividing a number by ‘0’
User-defined Exception
In Oracle, other than the above-predefined exceptions, the programmer can create their own exception and handle them. They can be created at a subprogram level in the declaration part. These exceptions are visible only in that subprogram. The exception that is defined in the package specification is public exception, and it is visible wherever the package is accessible. <
Syntax: At subprogram level
DECLARE
<exception_name> EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
<Execution block>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
END;
In the above syntax, the variable ‘exception_name’ is defined as ‘EXCEPTION’ type.
This can be used as in a similar way as a predefined exception.
Syntax:At Package Specification level
CREATE PACKAGE <package_name>
IS
<exception_name> EXCEPTION;
.
.
END <package_name>;
In the above syntax, the variable ‘exception_name’ is defined as ‘EXCEPTION’ type in the package specification of <package_name>.
This can be used in the database wherever package ‘package_name’ can be called.
PL/SQL Raise Exception
All the predefined exceptions are raised implicitly whenever the error occurs. But the user-defined exceptions needs to be raised explicitly. This can be achieved using the keyword ‘RAISE’. This can be used in any of the ways mentioned below.
If ‘RAISE’ is used separately in the program, then it will propagate the already raised exception to the parent block. Only in exception block can be used as shown below.
CREATE [ PROCEDURE | FUNCTION ]
AS
BEGIN
<Execution block>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
RAISE;
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the keyword RAISE is used in the exception handling block.
Whenever program encounters exception “exception_name”, the exception is handled and will be completed normally
But the keyword ‘RAISE’ in the exception handling part will propagate this particular exception to the parent program.
Note: While raising the exception to the parent block the exception that is getting raised should also be visible at parent block, else oracle will throw an error.
We can use keyword ‘RAISE’ followed by the exception name to raise that particular user-defined/predefined exception. This can be used in both execution part and in exception handling part to raise the exception.
CREATE [ PROCEDURE | FUNCTION ]
AS
BEGIN
<Execution block>
RAISE <exception_name>
EXCEPTION
WHEN <exception_name> THEN
<Handler>
END;
Syntax Explanation:
In the above syntax, the keyword RAISE is used in the execution part followed by exception “exception_name”.
This will raise this particular exception at the time of execution, and this needs to be handled or raised further.
Example 1: In this example, we are going to see
How to declare the exception
How to raise the declared exception and
How to propagate it to the main block
DECLARE
Sample_exception EXCEPTION;
PROCEDURE nested_block
IS
BEGIN
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Inside nested block’);
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Raising sample_exception from nested block’);
RAISE sample_exception;
EXCEPTION
WHEN sample_exception THEN
Dbms_output.put_line (‘Exception captured in nested block. Raising to main block’);
RAISE,
END;
BEGIN
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Inside main block’);
Dbms_output.put_line(‘Calling nested block’);
Nested_block;
EXCEPTION
WHEN sample_exception THEN
Dbms_output.put_line (‘Exception captured in main block');
END:
/
“Dreams are as simple or as complicated as dreamers.” The interpretations of the dreams are the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind. The theories state that dreams don’t mean anything. These are just images put in by the brain from the memories. These are the stimulants that help one face the tragedies of life. As it’s truly said, “an individual suffers more in imagination than in reality” proves in this situation. Before facing it in person if a being conquers it in the dreams, then it will encourage him to win easily in real life. Its history goes back to the early stages when it was used as a tool to fool enemies because though our bodies get paralyzed while dreaming minds stay active. There is a whole psychology behind the dream theory and an explanation of why we dream in the way we do?
You dream, what you believe!!
Interesting Facts
“I always dream about falling from great heights.” It symbolizes that something in your life isn’t well. It might mean you need to rethink a choice or consider a new direction in some areas of life. It characterizes fear in existence, perhaps falling in work or love. It often expresses a need to let go and enjoy more.
“I was attacked by a chaser in my dream.” These types can be quite terrifying. It might indicate a desire to escape from your fears. Running away from an animal often depicts that you are hiding from your anger, passions and other feelings. If your pursuer is mysterious, it represents childhood trauma. And if a person is of opposite sex then it reveals that you are haunted by love or past relationships.
“I died, no not in real….in my sleep.” Death is a very common subject of dreams. People imagine death either of loved ones or about themselves. It reflects anxiety about a change. Just like death, change can be scary. Those approaching the end of life and loved ones around them experience significant and meaningful dreams, often relating to a confronting presence, preparing to go, watching or engaging with the deceased, loved ones waiting, distressing experiences, and unfinished business.
“I flew like a bird while dreaming.” It can be liberating at the same time, quite frightening. It can represent two sides. One, independence and freedom. On the other hand, escape from the realities of life.
There are a lot of things that influence dreams. The first thing includes health conditions that affect the secretions of the brain causing sleep to disrupt. The type of food one intakes can also become the factor for the feeling of sickness and in turn affect the types of dreams one visualize. Daily exercises and a little change in daily activities can help improve sleep and at last the dreams. There are two ways to remember dreams; one by telling yourself that you want to remember them when you wake up and the other by grasping as many images as you can before getting out of bed or using a smartphone.
Dreams are more profound when they seem the craziest. “Life is only a dream and we are the imagination of ourselves.”
Besides being a software engineer, Marianne Bellotti is also a kind of technological anthropologist. Back in 2016 at the Systems We Love conference, Bellotti began her talk by saying she appreciated the systems most engineers hate —”messy, archaic, duct-tape-and-chewing-gum.” Then she added, “Fortunately, I work for the federal government.”
At the time, Bellotti was working for the U.S. Digital Service, where talented technology workers are matched to federal systems in need of some consultation. (While there, she’d encountered a web application drawing its JSON-formatted data from a half-century-old IBM 7074 mainframe.)
The rich experiences led her to write a book with the irresistible title “Kill It with Fire: Manage Aging Computer Systems (and Future Proof Modern Ones).” Its official web page at Random House promises it offers “a far more forgiving modernization framework” with “illuminating case studies and jaw-dropping anecdotes from her work in the field,” including “Critical considerations every organization should weigh before moving data to the cloud.”
Bellotti is now working on products for defense and national security agencies as the principal engineer for system safety at Rebellion Defense (handling identity and access control).
But her latest project is a podcast chronicling what she’s learned while trying to write her own programming language.
“Marianne Writes a Programming Language” captures a kind of expedition of the mind, showing how the hunger to know can keep leading a software engineer down ever-more-fascinating rabbit holes. But it’s also an inspiring example of the do-it-yourself spirit, and a fresh new perspective on the parsers, lexers and evaluators that make our code run.
In short, it’s a deeply informative deconstruction of where a programmer’s tools really come from.
Going Deep
In one blog post, Bellotti invited listeners to “start this strange journey with me through parsers, grammars, data structures and the like.”
And it is a journey, filled with hope and ambition — and a lot of unexpected twists and turns. “Along the way, I’ll interview researchers and engineers who are active in this space and go deep on areas of programming not typically discussed,” the podcast host promised. “All in all, I’m hoping to start a conversation around program language design that’s less intimidating and more accessible to beginners.”
But the “Marianne Writes a Programming Language” podcast also comes with a healthy dose of self-deprecation. “Let’s get one question out of the way,” her first episode began. “Does the world really need another programming language? Probably not, no.” But she described it as a passion project, driven by good old-fashioned curiosity. “I have always wanted to write a programming language. I figured I would learn so much from the challenge.”
“In an industry filled with opinions, where people will fight to the death over tabs -vs.- spaces, there isn’t much guidance for would-be program language designers.”
—Marianne Bellotti, software engineer and podcast host
Fifteen years into a sparkling technology career, “I feel like there are all these weird holes in my knowledge,” Bellotti told her audience. And even with the things she does know — like bytecode and logic gates — “I don’t have a clear sense of how all those things work together.”
In the podcast’s third episode, Bellotti pointed out that, “for me at least, the hardest part of learning something is figuring out how to learn it in the first place.” She discovered a surprising lack of best-practices documents, she wrote in an essay in Medium. “In an industry filled with opinions, where people will fight to the death over tabs -vs.- spaces, there isn’t much guidance for would-be program language designers.”
Still, her podcast’s first episode showed the arrival of those first glimmers of insight. “Even knowing very little upfront, I had a sense that in order for a programming language to work, there had to be some sense of cohesion in its design.”
Where to Begin?
Her Medium post cited a 2012 article titled “Programming Paradigms for Dummies: What Every Programmer Should Know,” which offers a taxonomy of language types based on how exactly they’re providing their abstractions. That article apparently got her thinking about how exactly a programming language helps communicate the connections that exist between its various data structures — which led to more insights. (In a later podcast, Bellotti even says “technology suggests to its user how it should be used.”)
“Eventually I came to my own conclusions,” she wrote in her Medium article. To be successful at creating her own language, she realized that she needed to think of programming paradigms like object-oriented or functional programming “as logical groupings of abstractions and be as intentional about what is included and what isn’t.”
Bellotti is also trying to design a language that will work for her specific needs: to know how likely certain types of problems are in a given system, to achieve model resilience. But on her first podcast episode, Bellotti acknowledged that she still had to begin by typing, “How do you design a programming language” into Google —and was surprised by how little came up. (Although she did discover “there’s a whole world of obscure experimental languages that appear in research papers, rack up a host of citations, and never touch an actual computer other than their inventor’s.”)
“I feel like I’ve been struggling to hang pictures around my home and one day someone knocks on my door and introduces me to the hammer,”
—Marianne Bellotti, software engineer and podcast host
That book’s author, Thorsten Ball, became her podcast’s first guest, explaining that his language was not so much designed as experimented into existence. (Later, other people suggested something similar — that Bellotti “pick something you like in another language and copy the implementation to start, because figuring out all the edge cases from scratch is really hard.”)
In that first podcast episode, Bellotti explained her concern that “tiny little design decisions I don’t even realize I’m making could have dramatic impacts… it does seem to be the case that programmers create languages without being able to fully anticipate exactly how they will be used or how technology will change around them.”
Things Get Complicated
There are moments where it all sounds so simple. (“What you’re doing when you write a programming language is actually writing a series of applications that take string input and translate it into something the machine can execute.”)
But things get complicated pretty quickly, and by episode three Bellotti started to see a pattern: “Confronting what feels like a tidal wave of information is becoming an all too familiar feeling on this project.” Yet, while considering a need for her language’s source code-interpreting parser, she realized that parsers can be auto-generated — as long as she can supply that tool with the necessary grammar rules.
“I feel like I’ve been struggling to hang pictures around my home and one day someone knocks on my door and introduces me to the hammer,” she told her podcast audience.
She ends up talking to a linguist who studied under Noam Chomsky, who refers her to another linguistics professor, who begins by discussing whether language can be learned through the brute-force assimilation of machine learning, and ends up explaining why Chomsky’s “context-free grammar” ultimately became the basis for programming languages and compilers.
But there are resources to discover. Along the way, Bellotti found a Reddit forum about programming language design. (“This subreddit is full of great stories and people will give detailed explanations and encouragement, which is rare on the internet these days.”) She’s also found a forum for people building Domain Specific Languages.
By December, she’d received a comment from a grateful listener who was also writing their own programming language, and was glad to find a relevant podcast. And Bellotti acknowledged in a response that her whole journey “has been so much fun so far.”
Progress is clearly being made. By episode 12, Bellotti considered how hard it would be to add modules to her language. (“From my vantage point, being able to split a system specification into smaller parts means you get to reuse those parts and build progressively more complex systems that are in easily digestible chunks.”) And there’s also already an empty repository on GitHub that’s waiting expectantly for the code to arrive.
Then, in mid-April Bellotti announced that episode 12 would be the last one “for a while. I’ve made some design decisions that I feel really good about, but it’s clear that the only way to validate them is to write code and try things out.”
She’s also spending some time researching how to optimize her compiler, “But really, I just need to just be heads-down, hands-on-a-keyboard for a while on this.”
And so, the podcast has entered a productive hiatus, leaving listeners with this tantalizing promise.
“I’ll be back in a couple of months to let you know how that went.”
Photo by Berendey_Ivanov / Andrey_Kobysnyn on Pexels.com
A pipe dream is something for which we are hopeful for but it seems fancy enough to be the reality of the present.
Does this indicate any incident which is happening right now but all we can do is hope for Pipe Dream to happen?
If you haven’t guessed yet but here I am talking about the Afghanistan crisis, the shift in the power of the country to the Taliban’s clutches.
The power shift, the race of afghans to save their lives everything happened just because a few people decided on their own that it’s time to let people die there, let people run for their lives just because that few people are strong and have power enough to do so or are there any reason behind the pullout?
But before diving into the conclusion, we all need to know some facts and reasons why they did that and even if they did can’t someone help them?
Many questions like this might be arising in many of our minds, So to answer a few and to find more this article is here.
The Story from the beginning
The army of the USA went to Afghanistan in 2001 to get even with the terrorist group involved in the 9/11 attack on Newyork and Washington under the supervision of leader Bin Laden.
Bin Laden was getting protection from the Taliban who were in power since 1996 and that was the point the USA needed to take things into their hand and hence with Nato allies a new government took place in 2004, but still, the Taliban was adamant with the attacks killing many in the process.
With this in 2014, the allies of Nato came to an end, handing over the responsibility to the Afghan army, allowing the Taliban for having more than half control over what was left.
And finally, in 2020 even America decided it’s time to save their troop and people from the Taliban and agreed on withdrawing in return for the safety of Americans and their allies from terrorist attacks in the future.
The turn of the Taliban
Was the Taliban always like this? And if they were always like this how did they had gained this power and why?
They emerged in the civil war of Afghanistan promising a decline in corruption and providing security to the people and just like that they started spreading and till 1998 they were all over the country and had almost complete control over people.
They started enforcing many rigid laws for men and women and even TV, music, and cinema all were banned.
And just like this, it was the rise of the fall of civil rights of people of Afghans.
The Catastrophe
The president of the US Mr. Joe Biden decided to plow away all the troops from the Afghans in the name of relocating their troops where they are needed most and where they can strengthen the USA army.
According to him, they were in Afghanistan to take revenge for the 9/11 attack and not to make any relation there and so now this will be the decision of the Afghans to decide what future they want for their own country and they will have to work for their self.
The catastrophe, the people of Afghans are being subject to is very near even though president Joe Biden believes that they have equipped and trained enough soldiers for this fight against the Taliban, the stats and predictions are predicting the fall of the Afghanistan army by the end of 6 months after the removal of army troops.
Crocodiles a huge creature indeed. And when this creature attacks then the scenerio is probably the deadliest. But these creatures have attacked not once or twice but uncountable times on humans. Here are 5 famous attacks of crocodiles, which will definitely give you goosebumps. They are known to kill 1000 people per year.
1) Gustave
Gustave a large male Nile crocodile from Burundi. He is regarded as man-eater and is rumoured to kill more than 300 people from the banks of the Ruzizi river and northern shores of Lake Tanganyika. He was greatly feared by the people. His age was approximately 65-66 years and he has a massive weight of 900kg.
2) Ricky Ganya- A teen who was eaten alive
In 2020, Ricky Ganya a teen who was just 14 years old, when this terrifying creature arrived, clawed and jumped on the boy and dragged him underwater. Boy’s aunt wittnessed the horrific incident and called for help. The emergency service help arrived but all in vain the deadly creature had fled with the boy.
They used chicken to lure the 14ft crocodile out of the water and then his stomach was checked where sadly the human remains of this missing teen was found.
3) Consumed whole
In June 2020, a woman named Fatimah, 45 was fishing in a river in north Kalimantan, Indonesia when she was attacked by the monsterous reptile. Her friends wittnessed the incident and heard the horrifying scream of Fatimah as the reptile dragged her underwater.
The next day this giant 19 foot long giant crocodile was caught by the angry residents. They cut opened the stomach of the giant croc and remove the limbs of the victim. Her head and other parts were later found nearby after been discarded by the massive croc.
4) Monster who fed upon 80 people
A 16ft, 75 years old beast named osama got his name after the notorious terrorist behind 9/11 attack. The reptile reign of terror took place from 1991-2005. This beast wiped out a tenth of the village’s population. According to reports,the beast would emerge from Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest lake to snatch kids and swim beneath fishing boats purposely to capture then. It bought a great terror among villagers.
Paul narrated that he and his brother was fishing. He was rowing the boat while his brother Peter was fishing from the front when osama arrived and snatched his brother. Peter was screaming from pain and for help he hold his brother and for five minutes they fought until Paul heard a tearing sound. Paul added that Peter shouted that he has broken his leg then he let go his brother and he was dragged by the monster into the water. A few days later Peter’s head and arms were found.
5) Dad’s attempt to save his son
On 3rd March 2021, Dimas mulkan a 8 year old boy was the victim of the massive 26ft crocodile.
The little boy was fishing with his father, when he strayed further from the shore where this massive croc suddenly jumped on him in Tempakul river, East Kalimantan. Seeing this massive monster dragging his son Dimas father, subliansyah sawn after the crocodile and punched him and tried to release it’s son but all in vain the deadly monster swallowed the little boy.
Next day on March 4 the crocodile was found and Dimas body was found inside the monsters stomach,lifeless.
In a patriarchal society like India, women have always been under the umbrella of the community. It’s barely seen in the families who support a girl’s dream and accept her to be a dancer.
The movie begins with the introduction of a foreign couple who came to India in the search of a surrogate. After long hours of work, they were finally able to find a girl with the help of the driver (a role played by Pankaj Tripathi) in a hotel. Mimi(the girl) was a dancer and getting influenced by its flexibility they decided to offer her 20 lakhs to be the surrogate. Being an ambitious 25-year old woman agrees to take the risk for the same of becoming a famous Bollywood actress. She decides to live at her friend’s house by convincing the parents saying, she is going to a film shoot. With the required procedure, Mimi becomes the surrogate, and for the first four months, she was having a good time with the pregnancy. However, after eight months tests revealed that the baby is suffering from some mental disorder. This news outraged the couple and they decided not to accept the baby after birth and told Mimi to abort. This became the turning point in her life. She sacrificed all her dreams by deciding to give birth to the child and raise him. Later, the couple returned to her after 2 years when they came to know that the baby was born healthy. Mimi refused to give the child back and in the end, they decided to adopt a girl.
Message
A girl is also born with a dream and her character is not decided with what she pursues but what she is.
The support of family is crucial in the darkest times. Mimi faced all the criticisms from society but her parents never let her alone and accepted her as she was.
Killing is not an option. It’s not the fault of a child to be born unhealthy.
One loyal friend is more important than a group of unloyal ones. The driver and the friend were with Mimi till the end, helping her go through all the difficulties with a smile.
Every coin has two sides. Even though the movie won the hearts of the audience, it faced several criticisms like not following the laws related to a sensitive topic of surrogacy, using the term casually, and disrespect towards the decision of abortions.
It played with the emotions well, yet failed to manipulate the thoughts.
Good mental health is characterised by a person’s ability to fulfil a number of key functions and activities, including : the ability to learn, the ability to feel, express and manage a range of positive and negative emotions, & the ability to form and maintain good relationships with others. Who doesn’t want to be strong mentally?
Here are some methods for good mental health :
1. Value yourself
While self-worth is more emotional, self-value is more behavioural. This is where we take the foundation of how we feel about ourselves and put it to work. Self-value is the driving vehicle that allows us to walk the walk and act in ways that align with what we value. This shows up in the way we talk to people or in steps we take to speak our truth. Both self-worth and self-value feed off of one another, but it’s helpful to point out the subtle differences. Treat yourself with kindness and respect, and avoid self-criticism. Make time for your hobbies and favourite projects, or broaden your horizons. Do a daily crossword puzzle, plant a garden, take dance lessons, learn to play an instrument or become fluent in another language
2. Give yourself
Volunteer your time and energy to help someone else. You’ll feel good about doing something tangible to help someone in need and it’s a great way to meet new people.
Healthy Ways to Take a Mental Break :
Get Outside. Getting outside and enjoying the fresh air is a great way to renew your energy
Be Active
Meditate
Treat Yourself
Drink Water
Make Time to Socialise
3. Take care of your body
Taking better care of our bodies means increased energy levels, and a better ability to accomplish our daily goals. It means better ability to concentrate on any given task, and that our tasks will take less time to complete. Taking care of yourself physically can improve your mental health. Be sure to :
Eat nutritious meals
Avoid smoking and vaping
Drink plenty of water
Exercise, which helps decrease depression and anxiety and improve moods
Get enough sleep. Researchers believe that lack of sleep contributes to a high rate of depression in college students.
4. Surround yourself with good people
When you surround yourself with positive people, you’re more likely to adopt empowering beliefs and see life as happening for you instead of to you. Just as you benefit when you surround yourself with people who make you happy, you suffer when those in your business or social circles are negative or narrow-minded. People with strong family or social connections are generally healthier than those who lack a support network. Make plans with supportive family members and friends, or seek out activities where you can meet new people, such as a club, class or support group.
5. Quiet your mind
Try meditating, mindfulness or prayer. Relaxation exercises and prayer can improve your state of mind and outlook on life. In fact, research shows that meditation may help you feel calm and enhance the effects of therapy. Silencing the mind does not mean stopping to think at all. It means thinking when you need to think, but keeping the mind calm when you don’t need to think.
6. Learn how to deal with stress
Like it or not, stress is a part of life. Practice good coping skills: Try One-Minute Stress Strategies, exercise, take a nature walk, play with your pet or try journal writing as a stress reducer. Also, remember to smile and see the humour in life. Research shows that laughter can boost your immune system, ease pain, relax your body and reduce stress.
7. Set realistic goals
Decide what you want to achieve academically, professionally and personally, and write down the steps you need to realize your goals. Aim high, but be realistic and don’t over-schedule. You’ll enjoy a tremendous sense of accomplishment and self-worth as you progress toward your goal. Wellness Coaching can help you develop goals and stay on track.
8. Avoid alcohol and other drugs
Keep alcohol use to a minimum and avoid other drugs. Sometimes people use alcohol and other drugs to “self-medicate” but in reality, alcohol and other drugs only aggravate problems.
Some ways to avoid using alcohol :
Keep a diary of your drinking
Don’t keep alcohol in your house
Choose alcohol-free days
Watch for peer pressure
Set a drinking goal
9. Break up the monotony
Although our routines make us more efficient and enhance our feelings of security and safety, a little change of pace can perk up a tedious schedule. Alter your jogging route, plan a road-trip, take a walk in a different park, hang some new pictures or try a new restaurant.
5 Ways to Break the Monotony of Your Routine
Start your morning with something different
Add some new scenery to your day
Shake up your lunch break
Listen to music
Review your habits regularly
10. Get help when you need it
Seeking help is a sign of strength not a weakness. And it is important to remember that treatment is effective. People who get appropriate care can recover from mental illness and addiction and lead full, rewarding lives. Asking for help allows us to surround ourselves with people who can make us feel good and facilitate further development. These people create optimism and hope that we are able to deal with challenging situations, which improves our resilience.
The movement of electromagnetic wave without any physical contact of a body is called radiation. Example – light coming from the sun. Heat transfer form hoter to colder body.
All bodies radiate some energy except at zero Calvin. The energy emitted by the body is in the form of packets or quanta of energy called photon.
When the radiation is incident on the surface of a body some fractional part of energy is being absorbed by the surface, some fractional part of energy being transmitted by the surface and some fractional part being reflected by the surface.
The fractional part which is absorbed by the body is called absorbitivity of that body and it is denoted by sigma. The fractional part which is reflected by the body is called reflectivity and it is denoted by row. The fractional part which is transmitted by the body is called transmissivity and it is denoted by tow. Mathematical expressions for this
ρ + α + τ = 1
Where ρ is reflectivity, α is absorbitivity and τ is transmissivity.
The value of these are depend upon
1 nature of surface of the body
2 Temperature of the body. – greater the temperature greater will be the radiation
3 wavelength of the incident rays.
Black body
The body that absorbed all the radiation, and does not trasmite or reflect any radiation is called black body. i. e α =1 and ρ =τ=0. It doesn’t mean that for the black body the body should be black. For example snow which is white in colour and whose absorbitivity is 0.955 that is very near to the 1, hence it is a black body.
White body
The body which which reflects all the radiation is called white body. i.e α = τ = 0, ρ = 1.
Gray body
It is a hypothetical body because the value of absorbitivity, reflectivity and transmissivity does not varies with temperature. ρ + α + τ =1
Eduindex 
You must be logged in to post a comment.