India gets its first ever Brand & Logo for its Cotton on 2nd World Cotton Day – A Historic Day for Indian Cotton!

Smt. Smriti Zubin Irani, Union Minister of Textiles and Women & Child Development launched the 1st ever Brand & Logo for Indian Cotton on 2nd World Cotton Day on 7th October, 2020 through Video Conferencing. Now India’s premium Cotton would be known as ‘Kasturi Cotton’ in the world cotton Trade. The Kasturi Cotton brand will represent Whiteness, Brightness, Softness, Purity, Luster, Uniqueness and Indianness. 

Speaking on this occasion, the Hon’ble Minister said, this is a much awaited moment that TODAY the Indian Cotton has been endowed with a Brand & Logo. This event becomes more important as the 2nd World Cotton Day is being celebrated world over today.

The Minister recounted the importance of Cotton in Indian economy. She said, ‘Cotton is one of the principal commercial crops of India and it provides livelihood to about 6.00 million cotton farmers. India is the 2nd largest cotton producer and the largest consumer of cotton in the world. India produces about 6.00 Million tons of cotton every year which is about 23% of the world cotton.  India produces about 51% of the total organic cotton production of the world, which demonstrates India’s effort towards sustainability.

Smt. Irani said that to ensure sustainability, integrity and end-to-end traceability of the organic products, a certification system based on comparable international standards verified through internationally acceptable institutional system is required to be put in place. Accordingly, Ministry of Textiles through APEDA under Ministry of Commerce and Industry has prescribed a certification system for organic Cotton which will be introduced in phases in the entire textile value chain. Similarly, prescribing a certification system for non-organic Cotton has also been taken up with APEDA so that usages of cotton can be suitably augmented. 

The Minister stated that Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) made ever highest Minimum Support Price (MSP) operation of cotton and hopeful that during the new cotton season, the procurement under MSP will be increased.   CCI has opened 430 procurement centres in all cotton growing states and payments are being made digitally to farmers’ account within 72 hours. Further, leveraging the technology, a    mobile app, “Cott-Ally” has been developed by CCI for providing latest news regarding weather condition, Crop situation and best farm practices. Discount of Rs.300/- per candy is being offered by CCI in its regular sale to MSME mills, Khadi and Village industry, Cooperative sector mills to enhance their competitiveness and efficiency. It was also stated that cotton may be used across all dimension of Technical Textiles. Further, Hon’ble Minister has intimated that Government has  passed bills for the welfare of the farmers, which also be beneficial to the industries.

Hon’ble Minister graced the inaugural session of the webinar organised by TEXPROCIL and CITI on the theme of “NEW-LOOK COTTON” to facilitate exchange of ideas on the emerging scenarios in cotton usage and application.

How should I control my emotions in bad scenario?

By changing your perspective

Explenation:

Firstly, I want to say that there is bad things in life like jumping off a building that threatens your life directly , but people use the tag “bad” for many other things that are in essence just experiences (Ex:failing a test, people laughing at you, failing at starting a business, ) . When you think as something being bad your mind comes with a set of reactions that are for things that are bad , even though the thing itself is just a thing , that is neither good or bad . But if you change your perspective and see things as just experiences , then you can use almost anything that happens in your life as a lesson that you can learn from. I think this is easy to think about it , and easy to talk about it , but is harder in practice so I will offer you a practical exercise.

Exercise:

You want to change your perspective on things , but you can’t do it in just a day , so whenever you encounter something you perceive as bad , and your emotions start running wild , your thoughts start circling around how bad this thing is , ask this questions:

-What is this thing?

Answer.

-What I can learn from it ?

Answer.

-How is this going to help me in the future , or now ?

Answer.

*You can continue , you can use different questions , but the what is fundamental is to focus on what can you learn from this thing that was first perceived as bad , and not focusing on how bad is .

*You will see as you do this again and again , after a period of time , this will happen automatically , and the first instinct that will come to you when you have an experience that now you see as bad , will be to see the experience as a lesson for you to learn.

Conclusion and a bonus

Life is a long road that is filled with experiences , it will be just a waste to lose your time by creating some form of standard for good experiences and enjoying just that . To finish I want to present you just a bit of something called : COSMIC PERSPECTIVE. What is this thing ? Well, imagine for how long the universe existed before you started to live and for how long will be still existing after you died , at this scale you are basically nothing. The universe will blink and you will disappear . You are just a dot , on a “pale blue dot” , so instead of enjoying your life while it lasts , and building something that has value to you, you will lose yourself in fruitless thoughts and emotions ?

Well, I’m not being a pro in it because every one has there own experience and ways to tackle, but, this can be the most simplest way for tackling anything. See there is always a trick of doing anything which make the things much easier. So, this is the trick.

See yaa..

Why content is more important in Digital World.

In today’s digital world, creating content should be a top goal in order to increase more inbound traffic to your website and become a trusted advisor. Start by identifying a handful of employees who could provide quality blog content and then start out at two per month if you are new to blogging. To make sure to stay on top of the craft, block out an hour on your calendar each month to dedicate to writing your post. From there, move to bi-weekly posts and then weekly. Creating a steady content stream doesn’t happen overnight, but the more effort you put in toward it, the greater your return will be. Over time, your content will become better crafted and more educational, making your site the go-to place for relevant knowledge within your industry.

Let’s dig into the top reasons, why content remains so important in digital world or in digital marketing.

SEO

Many people do not realize how vital having a regularly updated blog can be to organic search rankings. In fact, social media today goes far enough to state, “There is not a better way to add relevant content to your website on a regular basis than to utilize a blog.” Adding well-written, informative content not only encourages prospective customers to visit your site, it also increases the page count for your actual site.

If you write two blogs a week, that is two entirely new pages added to your website every week – just from the blog. This practice typically comes down to earning links to content, which greatly aids in search engine optimization (SEO). Each time you write a new blog, be sure to add tags, keywords, and a meta description to optimize the page. Nonetheless, simply writing content just to write content is not the best method. The content should be informative and high-quality, making your company’s blog a place of education.

Thought Leadership

I’ve mentioned how your blog should be a stream of educational content, but how exactly does this benefit your company? Regardless of the industry, being considered a thought leader creates a sense of trust from current and prospective customers. If you are an engineering product company specializing in electrical outlets, being a trusted source on all things electric – for example, electric vehicles and the latest trends in this space – sets your company apart from others in the industry. This educational content let’s your potential consumers know the wealth of knowledge you have on your product and service, creating trust.

The content should be based on buyer personas and the buyer’s journey to build trust through established thought leadership. Buyer personas represent ideal customers and should be the main focus for developing your content plan and strategy. Start here. The goal should be to solve your personas’ problems through educating them on a topic. Similarly, the buyer’s journey focuses on what stage of the funnel the perspective customer falls under – as shown in the graphic below. By catering content to fit the proper stage, it ensures that the buyer feels understood and in capable hands.

Attract & Engage

The first stage of the inbound methodology is attract. Within this stage, the goal is to convert strangers to visitors, often using blogs, keywords, and social publishing. Content creation accomplishes all of this. If you are writing on relevant topics that visitors are searching for, and those pages are optimized for search you will start to rank higher in the search results and generate clicks through to your site.

The second stage is convert, which involves converting visitors to leads through forms, calls-to-action, and landing pages. While blog content does not necessarily fall under these practices, it leads visitors to these conversion opportunities. One of the best ways to optimize a blog to promote lead conversion involves adding a call-to-action (CTA) at the end of the blog, encouraging the visitor to click to a landing page that is compelling enough from them to complete a form for your offer, turning them into known leads. By adding a CTA, your content then promotes lead conversion, proving another measurable effective tactic of content creation.

In the third stage, delight, use email and marketing automation to deliver the right information to the right person at the right time in their buyer’s journey. Ensure your prospects can share your content with their colleagues and peers by using a variety of content formats — like video — that your prospects prefer.  

Promotion & Sharing

In modern marketing, you don’t simply produce content and leave it on the website to take up space – you share it. Social media sharing first and foremost directly promotes the content to your followers. After that, it goes a step further, encouraging your following to share the post elsewhere. This can also encourage other publishers to share your content on their platforms as well, such as a similar engineering firm who found your article on electrical switches useful. In this way, your content begins to spread online by having more inbound links to your site, ultimately driving up your site authority with Google.

Immediately after publishing a new blog post, you should have an automated email send it to your subscribed email list, letting them know new content is available and encouraging them to engage even further with you. If social sharing buttons are optimized in the email, they can then easily share the content on social media or forward your email along to a colleague, further promoting your content at no extra cost or effort for you. As the content is shared, your company name and site are also shared across emails, social media, and the Internet, gaining even more credibility and potential visitors that could convert to leads down the road.

In the ever-changing digital world, content creation has become more useful than ever for boosting SEO, establishing thought leadership and trust, attracting visitors and generating leads, and promotion and sharing.

So, it is as it is said Content is the main part of digital world. Like, a route to the path which head towards your destination.

See yaa..

PM Pitches For Larger Role In UN For India In UNGA Debate

It was most refreshing, most rejuvenating, most remarkable and most rewarding to see how elegantly, effectively, eloquently and effortlessly our PM Narendra Modi spoke while articulating an inclusive vision for the world and India’s role in manifesting it. PM Modi very rightly asked the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA): How long India would be kept out of the top UN decision making bodies? Very rightly so!

                                    To be sure, India very rightly and very richly deserved to be in the UN high table among the permanent members of the Security Council. But countries inimical to India always stoutly opposed this and it is an unpalatable truth that China, US and UK were among those countries even though now relations have improved significantly with US and UK and much water has flown under the bridge! 

                                       It is US and UK who have dominated UN right from its inception and who oversaw the horrible partition of India and also have ensured successfully till now that all those terror groups who are operating against India from Pakistan are not touched ever and Pakistan is protected from being blacklisted. US and UK ensured that Osama Bin Laden was killed right inside Pakistan as he was a direct threat to them but have simultaneously ensured that Hafiz Saeed who heads Lashkar-e-Toiba, masterminded Mumbai attack of 26/11 and many other attacks as also Syed Salaluddin who heads Hizbul Mujahideen and many other groups directed against India are never touched or harmed in any manner! On one hand, we earlier heard former US President George Bush advocating that there are no good terrorists or bad terrorists but the ground reality is they have always treated terror groups directed against India with kid gloves and ensuring that they are never touched. Pakistan PM Imran Khan had himself admitted earlier that more than 40,000 terrorists are active in Pakistan but still UN preferred to look the other way around! Even now Pakistan withdrew cases against 4000 terrorists but yet again UN simply did nothing at all! Shocking! 

                              Not just this, human rights organizations based in both these countries – US and UK always mostly criticize India alone on ground of lack of tolerance for minorities or on one pretext or the other but very conveniently overlook that the population of minorities in India has grown since independence which is more than that of Pakistan whereas in Pakistan and Bangladesh, the population of Hindus and other minorities have gone down considerably! How can India overlook all this? How can UN overlook this but it has been overlooking which has only served to dent its credibility in the international forum!      

                                        Coming to the present 75th summit in UN General Assembly, PM Modi assured the world of the adequate supply of vaccines and highlighted India’s contribution to the UN peacekeeping missions and its non-exclusive foreign policy, making the case for India playing a leading role in the world body. India is the biggest democratic country in the world but see how India has been treated by UN! UN has overlooked that it is India which has contributed maximum soldiers for peacekeeping operations still UN has always mocked at India at the behest of big powers like US, UK and China which alone explains that why it has always ignored Pakistan’s open support to cross border terrorism directed entirely against India thus making a complete mockery of UN!

                              PM Modi vociferously while espousing the cause for India playing a bigger role in UN did not shy away from pointing out that, “When we were strong, we were never a threat to the world; when we were weak, we never become a burden on the world. Indian troops have participated in about 50 UN peacekeeping missions…Today every Indian, while seeing the contribution of India in the United Nations aspires for India’s expanded role in the UN.” He said that the idea of Vasudhaiva kutumbakam [the world as one family] was in resonance with the UN’s founding ideals and said Indian troops had participated in about 50 UN peacekeeping missions. 

                              UN has always worked on the agenda of US, UK and China. This alone explains why till now India has not been made a permanent member of the UN Security Council! It is high time and UN must now mend its ways or else face the hanging sword of being rendered irrelevant!    

                                No doubt, relations with US have improved significantly especially under US President Donald Trump but US still views India with suspicion just like UK and China. France and Russia are India’s traditional allies on whom we can bank always! They have never been known to work against India at any point of time.

                                   PM Modi whose penchant for Hindi is known world over did not shy away to speak in Hindi and delivered the first speech at the UNGA debate. He said that the problems and solutions of the world in 1945 were quite different from today. He said that, “Today, we are in a completely different era.” He also asked if the character of an institution from those times is even more relevant today.

                             PM Modi also highlighted his government’s domestic initiatives such as promoting women entrepreneurs, paid maternity leave, ensuring rights of transgender people, connecting 400 million people to the banking system, freeing 600 million people from open defecation, and providing access to free health care services to more than 500 million people.                            

                               PM Modi also very rightly wondered aloud that the UN enjoyed “unparalleled” respect in India but Indians were concerned whether the reform process would “ever reach its logical conclusion.” He said with consummate ease that, “Reform in the responses, in the processes, in the character of the UN is the need of the hour…Today, people of India are concerned whether the reform process will ever reach its logical conclusion. How long will India be kept out of the decision-making structures of the UN?” This is primarily because of the rigid stand of “Big Five” especially US, UK and China of not allowing any change in UN that has made it redundant totally out of context with the present ground day reality!

                                    It is high time and the “Big Five” excluding China must now wake up to see for themselves that India’s track record is impeccable as compared to countries like China whom US now openly accused of spreading the deadly pandemic Corona due to which more than 2 lakh Americans have lost their lives! It cannot be denied that as of now India’s candidature for permanent membership of an expanded and reformed Security Council has been backed by all the current permanent members of the Security Council barring China. Should China be allowed to hold the UN to ransom? 

                                   Needless to say, UN must certainly honestly introspect on this! It is high time and now China must be thrown out and India must be brought in! It brooks no more delay anymore! 

                                           PM Modi also rightly took swipe at China by pointing out that we don’t make partners dependent. He thus took potshots at Beijing’s debt-trap diplomacy. He said that, “India has always thought about the interests of the whole humankind and not about its own vested interests. This philosophy has always been the driving force of India’s policies. From India’s Neighbourhood First Policy to our Act East Policy, as well as the idea of Security and Growth for All in the Region, or our views towards the Indo-Pacific region, we have always worked for the interests of humankind, and not driven by our own self-interests. India’s partnerships are always guided by this very principle.” He also made it known that, “When India strengthens its development partnership, it is not with any mala fide intent of making the partner country dependent or hapless.” PM Modi had presumably made an oblique reference to China’s model of infrastructure financing in the Indo-Pacific which has led to several countries falling into debt-traps with Beijing.   

                             It would be pertinent to mention here that India would take the non-permanent member seat at the United Nations Security Council from January 2021 for a period of two years. The PM assured that, “India will always speak in support of peace, security and prosperity.” While sharing his piece of mind, PM Modi said that, “India will not hesitate in raising its voice against the enemies of humanity, human race and human values – these include terrorism, smuggling or illegal weapons, drugs and money-laundering.” He underlined New Delhi’s commitment to the fight against terrorism but placed it in a broader context. 

                                        It is most shameful to see that UN has always stood committed to protect the “terror factories” operating from Pakistan! UN has never pressurized Pakistan to close its terror factories and hand over all the terror leaders to UN to be tried for all the terror crimes! On the contrary, UN has never dared to speak when former Pakistani Army Chief Gen Pervez Musharraf had the guts, gumption and gall to publicly hail terrorists as “freedom fighters” and “heroes”. He once famously said that, “Hafiz Sayeed to hero hain ji hero bilkul aasli hero. Osama who be sacha hero hain. Bharat ke liye yeh aatankwadi hain paar hamare liye yet to hero hain ji hero bilkul aasli hero.” Could all this have happened without the blessings of UN, US, UK, china among others?

                                PM Modi did not say anything directly but indirectly he conveyed everything! He made known India’s position on a variety of issues. He also cited the Covid-19 pandemic crisis to make the point that reforms at the UN are urgently needed. He did not shy away from being upfront and asking in simple and straight language that, “Where is the United Nations in this joint fight against the pandemic? Where is its effective response?…Your Excellency, reform in the responses, in the processes, and in the very character of the United Nations is the need of the hour. Over the last 8 to 9 months, the whole world has been battling the pandemic of the Coronavirus.” He reiterated India’s commitment, willingness and capacity to share responsibility on the world stage at a time such as this. 

                            Going ahead, PM Modi also said that, “We have never hesitated from sharing experiences of our development. Even during these very difficult times of the raging pandemic, the pharmaceutical industry of India has sent essential medicines to more than 150 countries.”

                                     Furthermore, PM Modi also made it a point to mention that, “As the largest vaccine producing country of the world, I want to give one more assurance to the global community today. India’s vaccine production and delivery capacity will be used to help all humanity in fighting this crisis. In India and in our neighbourhood, we are moving ahead with phase-3 clinical trials in India. India will also help all the countries in enhancing their cold chain and storage capacities for the delivery of the vaccines.”    

                                          It is high time and this shameless UN must at least now have some pity, wake up from its deep slumber and stop giving Pakistan shamelessly the long rope as most unfortunately it has been doing till now to freely spread terror not just in India but in other countries as well as in Afghanistan! It is high time and this shameless UN must wake up and accord the permanent seat to India which many say that the then Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru had foolishly gifted to China! It is high time and the historical blunder must be corrected now!

                                                It goes without saying that UN will certainly get more legitimacy if it accords India the due place which it so richly deserves also but which it has been most unfortunately denied in the last more than seven decades! Now the ball is clearly in the court of the UN! It has to decide what role it wants the largest democratic country in the world i.e. India to play in the world forum! It is UN which will gain maximum if it listens to what Indian PM Narendra Modi said on this count!               

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

Recommendations of the 42nd GST Council Meeting

The 42nd GST Council met under the Chairmanship of Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister Smt Nirmala Sitharaman through video conferencing here today. The meeting was also attended by Union Minister of State for Finance & Corporate Affairs Shri Anurag Thakur besides Finance Ministers of States & UTs and senior officers of the Ministry of Finance& States/ UTs. 

The GST Council has made the following recommendations: 

1.    Levy of Compensation Cess to be extended beyond the transition period of five years i.e. beyond June, 2022, for such period as may be required to meet the revenue gap. Further details to be worked out.

 2.    Centre is releasing compensation of ₹ 20,000 crore to States today towards loss of revenue during 2020-21 and an amount of about ₹ 25,000 crore towards IGST of 2017-18 by next week.

 3.    Enhancement in features of return filing:In its 39th Meeting held in March 2020, the Council had recommendedan incremental approach to incorporate features of the new return system in the present familiar GSTR-1/3B scheme. Various enhancements have since been made available on the GST Common Portal. With a view to further enhance Ease of Doing Business and improve the compliance experience, the Council has approved the future roadmap for return filing under GST. The approved frameworkaims to simplify return filing and further reduce the taxpayer’s compliance burden in this regard significantly, such that the timely furnishing of details of outward supplies (GSTR-1) by a taxpayer and his suppliers would –(i) allow him to view the ITC available in his electronic credit ledger from all sources i.e. domestic supplies, imports and payments on reverse charge etc. prior to the due date for payment of tax, and (ii) enable the system to auto-populate return (GSTR-3B)through the data filed by the taxpayer and all his suppliers. In other words, the timely filing of GSTR-1 statement alone would be sufficient as the return in FORM GSTR-3B would get auto prepared on the common portal.To this end the Council recommended / decided the following:

a.     Due date of furnishing quarterly GSTR-1 by quarterly taxpayers to be revised to 13th of the month succeeding the quarterw.e.f. 01.1.2021;

b.    Roadmap for auto-generation of GSTR-3B from GSTR-1s by:

i.      Auto-population of liability from own GSTR-1 w.e.f. 01.01.2021; and

ii.      Auto-population of input tax credit from suppliers’ GSTR-1s through the newly developed facility in FORM GSTR-2B for monthly filers w.e.f. 01.01.2021 and for quarterly filers w.e.f. 01.04.2021;

c.     In order to ensure auto population of ITC and liability in GSTR 3B as detailed above, FORM GSTR 1would be mandatorily required to be filed before FORM GSTR3Bw.e.f. 01.04.2021.

d.    The present GSTR-1/3B return filing system to be extended till 31.03.2021 and the GST laws to be amended to make the GSTR-1/3B return filing system as the default return filing system.

4.    As a further step towards reducing the compliance burden particularly on the small taxpayers having aggregate annual turnover < Rs. 5 cr., the Council’s earlier recommendation of allowing filing of returns on a quarterly basis with monthly payments by such taxpayers to be implemented w.e.f. 01.01.2021. Such quarterly taxpayers would, for the first two months of the quarter, have an option to pay 35% of the net cash tax liability of the last quarter using an auto generated challan. 

5.    Revised Requirement of declaring HSN for goods and SAC for services in invoices and in FORM GSTR-1w.e.f. 01.04.2021 as under:

a.     HSN/SAC at 6 digits for supplies of both goods and services for taxpayers with aggregate annual turnover above Rs. 5 crores;

b.    HSN/SAC at 4 digits for B2B supplies of both goods and services for taxpayers with aggregate annual turnover upto Rs. 5 crores;

c.     Government to have power to notify 8 digit HSN on notified class of supplies by all taxpayers.

6.    Amendment to the CGST Rules: Variousamendments in the CGST Rules and FORMS have been recommended which includes provision for furnishing of Nil FORM CMP-08 through SMS.

7.    Refund to be paid/disbursed in a validated bank account linked with the PAN &Aadhaar of the registrant w.e.f. 01.01.2021. 

8.    To encourage domestic launching of satellites particularly by young start-ups, the satellite launch services supplied by ISRO, Antrix Corporation Ltd. and NSIL would be exempted.

Phone call between Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi and H.E. Mr. Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi spoke with H.E. Mr. Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel earlier today. 

Prime Minister Modi conveyed warm greetings on the Jewish New Year and the Jewish festival of Sukkot to Prime Minister Netanyahu and the people of Israel. 

The leaders positively assessed the progress in bilateral cooperation in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in the fields of research, field trials of diagnostic tools and vaccine development. They agreed on the importance of close cooperation in these important areas not only for the benefit of the people of the two countries but also for the greater good of humanity.

They also reviewed ongoing cooperation in the areas of water and agriculture, health, trade, and start-up and innovation, and discussed further deepening of these ties. 

The leaders agreed to continue holding regular consultations to share assessments on emerging regional and global challenges and opportunities, and for providing guidance to advance the close and robust bilateral strategic partnership.

Union Minister of Education virtually inaugurates the newly constructed building of the Hyderabad regional centre of the Central Institute of Hindi, Agra

Union Minister of Education Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ virtually inaugurated the newly constructed building of the Hyderabad regional centre of the Central Institute of Hindi, Agra. Shri C.H. Malla Reddy, Minister of Labour, Employment, Women and Child Development, Government of Telangana was the Chairman of the program. Shri Anil Sharma ‘Joshi’,  Vice President, Union Hindi Shikshan Mandal, Agra, Shri G. Sainana, MLA, Secunderabad Cantonment, Shri N. Ramchandra Rao, Hon’ble MLA, Hyderabad, Telangana, Prof. From Central Hindi Institute Headquarter, Agra, Prof. Bina Sharma, Director, Central Hindi Institute, Agra and all members of the Central Hindi Institute family, many scholars from across the country, and students participated in the programme.

The director of Central Institute of Hindi, Agra, Prof. Bina Sharma in her inaugural address welcomed the Minister of Education, Government of India, Shri. Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’, Mr. C. H. Malla Reddy, Labour, Employment, Women and Child Development Minister, Government of Telangana, Shri G. Saina, Honourable MLA, Secunderabad Cantonment, Shri N. Ramchandra Rao, Honourable MLA, Hyderabad, Telangana and Mr. Anil Sharma ‘Joshi’, Vice President, Central Hindi Teaching Board, Agra.

We are all realizing the dream of Gandhi in which we have to further empower the 22 languages of the country which are included in the 8th schedule of the Constitution and the important responsibility of connecting them is on Hindi. This will probably be a language with more than 9 lakh words and this power is definitely coming from its relationship with these 22 languages of the country, Shri Pokhriyal said.

 Shri Pokhriyal said that it is a matter of pride that we all have gathered in times of crisis for a good cause. We have all gathered for the inauguration of a building that is constantly striving to teach Hindi. Thanking the Telangana government, he said that land has been provided to the institution. In the new education policy, we have come up with education in mother tongue. Language is not the word, but the spirit. In language, there is tradition, culture, life and value, he added.

The Hyderabad Centre building has been inaugurated on the land of Padma Bhushan Shri Moturi Satyanarayan ji, who was an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi, he said. Mahatma Gandhi said that all our languages are same and we have to empower all of them including Hindi that connects all languages.

Shri Pokhriyal highlighted that many countries have provided education in mother tongue. Examples of countries like Germany, France, Japan, Israel etc. are in front of us. All these countries have made a lot of progress in the field of research and technology by studying in the mother tongue. We also have to know foreign languages, but should not leave our roots. We are trying to make Indian Language University, so that people from different regions can learn the languages ​​of different states. It is very important that the people of the North learn the languages ​​of the South and the people of the South know the languages ​​of the North. This country will be one only if we are familiar with each other’s culture, tradition and food.

He appealed the states to implement the system of education in the mother tongue. The new education policy will act as a cornerstone in developing Indian languages. The Central Hindi Institute can have a very big role in this regard. The objectives for which the institute has been set up should fulfil those objectives. About 14 thousand students / teachers have received training from Hyderabad center. They are all Hindi ambassadors. I believe that people will get direction in the near future through the Central Institute of Hindi.

The program was chaired by Shri C.H. Malla Reddy, Labor, Employment Women and Child Development Minister, Telangana Government. In his presidential address, Mr. Reddy said that I was also present on the occasion of the foundation stone laying ceremony of the Hyderabad Center of the Central Hindi Institute. The then Honourable Minister of State for Human Resource Development, Mr. Satpal Singh was also present on the occasion of Bhoomi Pujan. Today I am present at the inauguration of this building, it is a matter of happiness. I request the Telangana government to provide more land to the institute, so that Hindi lovers will have a lot more facilities in future.

While delivering vote of thanks, Shri Anil Kumar Sharma ‘ Joshi ‘, Vice-Chairman, Central Hindi Shikshan Mandal, Agra said that the new building has been inaugurated in Telugu Pradesh, the birthplace of the founder of the Central Institute of Hindi, by the Education Minister, who has brought the New Education policy primarily centred on the languages. This is not just the inauguration of a building. This is an important milestone in the efforts to uplift the Hindi and Indian languages proposed in this education policy. The building is the manifestation of the efforts of the institution’s founder late Moturi Satyanarayana.

Shri Anil expressed his gratitude to the Minister of Education who visioned an education policy that would lead the future of crores of youth of this country to reach their goals. As the chairman of the Kendriya Hindi Shikshan Mandal, the  minister has hundreds of dreams for Hindi and Indian languages ​​in his mind and heart. His active guidance is the greatest strength of the Central Hindi Institute. Being a poet, writer, litterateur, he is deeply aware of the challenges facing Hindi and Indian languages. The Central Hindi Institute is endeavoring to prepare online courses for Hindi teaching-training in the present session. This effort of the institute will definitely be beneficial for the worldwide spread of Hindi.

The technical coordination was conducted by Shri Anupam Shrivastava and the anchoring was done by Dr. Jyotsna Raghuvanshi at Headquarters, Agra. A multimedia presentation of the Hyderabad center was presented on the occasion in which the features of the newly constructed building of the Hyderabad center were introduced. The Regional Center Hyderabad carried out its activities since 1976 on a rented building. The newly built four-storeyed building with ground floor on the plot received from the Telangana government has been constructed through the Central Public Works Department, Hyderabad at a cost of about Rs 5.67 crore in 1000 square yards.

Dr Harsh Vardhan chairs 5th Special Session of the WHO Executive Board

Dr Harsh Vardhan, Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare presided over the fifth special session of Bureau of the Executive Board as Chairman of the Executive Board of the World Health Organization (WHO), virtually. Observer participants and senior officials of WHO Headquarters were also present.

The agenda of the meet included focus on the measures necessary to ensure the full and effective implementation of the terms of resolution WHA 73.1 on COVID-19 response.

The resolution WHA 73.1 titled “COVID-19 response” was co-sponsored by more than 130 countries and calls for the intensification of efforts to control the pandemic and for equitable access to and fair distribution of all essential health technologies and products to combat the virus.

At the outset, Dr Harsh Vardhan welcomed the participants,and expressed his deepest condolences for those who have sacrificed their lives to the pandemic and those who are continuing to fight relentlessly and selflessly.

Recollecting the global crisis the pandemic has unleashed, he said: “Today there are compelling circumstances that have forced us all to meet virtually.Governments, industry and philanthropy must pool resources to pay for the risk, the research, manufacturing and distribution, but with the condition that the rewards should be available to everyone, regardless of where they have been developed.

He further added, “Committing to disaster risk reduction and management would require early and transparent identification and communication of risks, maintaining the momentum in investing in people and resilient health systems, strengthened multi-sector collaboration, stress on the swifter generation of evidence, accelerated research & development efforts and rational evidence-based implementation of plans.”

In this regard, Dr Harsh Vardhan urged WHO members to work with the global community of partners for the efficient, effective and responsive discharge of public health obligations.“All these challenges, such as the present pandemic, demand a shared response because these arethe  shared threats requiring shared responsibility to act. The shared responsibility is also the core philosophy of our alliance of member nations that comprise WHO.”

Dr Vardhan stressed on the“need to initiate, at the earliest appropriate moment, and in consultation with the Member States, a stepwise process of an impartial, independent, and comprehensive evaluation, including using existing mechanisms, as appropriate, to review experience gained and lessons learned from the WHO-coordinated international health response to COVID-19.”

Indian Railways begin sector specific discussions to attract more Freight business

Union Minister of Railways and Commerce & Industry, Shri PiyushGoyaltoday held ameeting with top leadership of Coal and Power Sector to ensure consolidation of coal business of Railways and suggest ways andmeans to further improve the joint operational productivity ofRailways, Coal and power sectorconcerning Coal Freight.

It may be noted that Coal accounts for almost 50% of freight of Railways. Last year the total loading was.587 Million Tonnes. Out of total freight of 1210 MTs.

Speaking on the occasion, Shri PiyushGoyal said that Railways was making relentless efforts in the field of boosting freight loading and there was no scope of any slippages on any front. The Minister called for coordinated operations among Railways, Coal and Power entities to ensure maximum mutual growth of all the three sectors namely Railways, Power and Coal.

It may be noted that in a remarkable turn around, in September 2020 ,Indian Railways earned Rs. 9896.86 crores from freight loading which is also Rs. 1180.57 crores higher compare to last year’s earnings for the same period (Rs. 8716.29 crores). The increase in freight revenue is 13.54%. There is a great a potential to further enhance loading of coal. An increase in coal loading will have a significant positive impact on railways freight revenues.

Railways are now going all out to overtake last year figures on a cumulative basis as well in spite of covid related challenges and long lock downs.

Freight loading in September 2020 is 15.3 % more than last year for the same period.

Slew of efforts like more than 25 policy initiatives formation of Business Development Units at zonal levels, running both specialised parcel &kisan trains and better all round monitoring is ensuring the growth.

Number of concessions/discounts are also being given in Indian Railways to make Railways Freight movement very attractive.Coal accounts for almost 50% of its freight.

Prime Minister inaugurates RAISE 2020 – a Mega Virtual Summit on Artificial Intelligence

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi  inaugurated RAISE 2020, a Mega Virtual Summit on Artificial Intelligence (AI) today. RAISE 2020 is a global meeting of minds to exchange ideas and chart a course for using AI for social transformation, inclusion and empowerment in areas like Healthcare, Agriculture, Education and Smart Mobility, among other sectors.

The Prime Minister praised the organizers for encouraging discussion on Artificial Intelligence. He said Technology has transformed our workplaces and has improved connectivity. He hoped the merger between  social responsibility and AI would enrich AI with human touch. He said the teamwork of AI with humans can do wonders for our planet.

He pointed that India has led the world in knowledge & learning and will continue to digitally excel  and delight the world.

Shri Modi said India has experienced how technology helps in improving transparency and service delivery.

The Prime Minister stressed how the world’s largest unique identity system – Aadhaar along with the world’s most innovative digital payments system – UPI has enabled providing access to digital services, including financial services, like Direct Cash Transfers to the poor and marginalised. During the pandemic, it has enabled in reaching out to people with help, at the earliest and in the most efficient manner.

The Prime Minister wished India to become a global hub for Artificial Intelligence and hoped many more Indians would start working on this in the times to come. He said the approach towards this goal is powered by core principles of: Teamwork, Trust, Collaboration, Responsibility and Inclusivity.

The Prime Minister said India has recently adopted the National Education Policy 2020, which focuses on technology-based learning and skilling as a major part of education. He added E-courses will also be developed in various regional languages and dialects. This whole effort will benefit from Natural Language Processing (NLP) capabilities of AI platforms. He said under the ‘Responsible AI for Youth’ program launched in April 2020, more than 11,000 students from schools completed the basic course. They are now building their AI projects.

The Prime Minister said the National Educational Technology Forum will create an e-Education unit to boost the digital infrastructure, digital content and capacity. He elaborated the steps taken to keep pace with the emerging technologies like setting up of Virtual labs, Atal Innovation Mission.

He said the National Programme on Artificial Intelligence will be dedicated for solving problems of society.

Shri Modi listed the sectors in which he envisions a big role for AI – agriculture, creating next generation urban infrastructure, addressing urban issues like: reducing traffic jams, improving sewage systems and laying energy grids, making disaster management systems stronger and solving the problem of climate change. He suggested using AI to seamlessly bridge language barriers and preserve the diversity of languages and dialects. He also suggested using AI for knowledge sharing.

The Prime Minister said Algorithm Transparency is key to establishing trust in how AI is used and it remains our collective responsibility to ensure it.

He urged to protect the world against weaponization of AI by Non-State Actors. He said human creativity and human emotions continue to be our greatest strength and are our unique advantage over machines. He urged everyone to think about how this intellectual edge over machines can be retained and ensure human intelligence is always a few steps ahead of AI. He said we should think about how AI can help humans to increase their own capacities.

The Prime Minister said AI will unlock the unique potential of each person and will empower them to contribute more effectively to the society. He urged the participants at RAISE 2020 to exchange ideas and chart a common course for the adoption of Artificial Intelligence. He wished that the Action Roadmap for Responsible AI created out of the discussion would help in transforming the  lives and livelihoods of people across the world.

Text of PM’s address at the inauguration of ‘Responsible AI for Social Empowerment 2020’ Summit

Distinguished guests from India and abroad, Namaste!

Welcome to RAISE Responsible AI for Social Empowerment Summit. This is a great effort to encourage discussion on Artificial Intelligence. You all have rightly highlighted aspects relating to technology and human empowerment. Technology has transformed our work places. It has improved connectivity. Time and again, technology has helped us solve key challenges. I am sure this merge between social responsibility and AI will enrich AI with human touch.

Friends, 

Artificial intelligence is a tribute to human intellectual power. The power to think enabled humans to make tools and technologies. Today, these tools and technologies have also acquired the power to learn and think! In this, one key emerging technology is AI. The teamwork of AI with humans can do wonders for our planet.

Friends,

At every step of history, India has led the world in knowledge and learning. In today’s age of IT as well, India is making outstanding contributions. Some of the brightest tech leaders belong to India. India has also proved to be the power-house of the global IT services Industry. We will continue to digitally excel and delight the world.

Friends,

In India, we have experienced that technology improves transparency and service delivery. We are home to the world’s largest unique identity system- Aadhaar. We also have the world’s most innovative digital payments system-UPI. This has enabled providing access to digital services, including financial services, like Direct Cash Transfers to the poor and marginalised. In the pandemic situation, we saw how India’s digital readiness was of great help. We reached out to people with help, at the earliest and in the most efficient manner. India is rapidly expanding its optical fibre network. The aim is to provide every village with high speed internet connectivity.

Friends,

Now, we want India to become a global hub for AI.  Many Indians are already working on this. I hope many more do so in the times to come. Our approach to this is powered by core principles of: Teamwork, Trust, Collaboration, Responsibility and Inclusivity.

Friends,

India has recently adopted the National Education Policy 2020.  It focuses on technology-based learning and skilling as a major part of education.  E-courses will also be developed in various regional languages and dialects. This whole effort will benefit from  Natural Language Processing  (NLP)  capabilities of AI platforms. We launched Responsible AI for Youth program this year in April, under this programme, more than 11000 students from schools completed the basic course.  They are now building their AI projects.

Friends,

The National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) is being formed. This will create an

e-Education unit to boost the digital infrastructure, digital content and capacity. Virtual  labs are being established to provide hands-on experience to learners. We have also launched the Atal Innovation Mission to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship. Through these steps, we aim to keep pace with emerging technologies  for people’s benefit.

Friends.

I would also like to mention about the National Programme on Artificial Intelligence. Thiswill be dedicated towards rightful use of AI for solving problems of society. It will be implemented with the support of all stakeholders. RAISE can be a platform to brain storm in this regard.  I invite all of you to actively participate in these efforts. 

Friends,

 There are a few challenges that I would like to pose to this august audience. Can we use Artificial Intelligence for the optimal management of our assets and resources? At some places, resources are idle. While in other place, there is a shortage of resources. Can we dynamically reallocate them to find optimal use? Can we delight our citizens with proactive and prompt delivery of services at their doorsteps.?

Friends,

The future belongs to the youth. And, every youngster matters. Each child has unique talents, capabilities and aptitudes. At times, the right person ends up at the wrong place.

There is a way we can change that. How about every child observing him or herself while growing up? Can parents, teachers and friends- carefully observe children? Observe them from their childhood to the start of adulthood. And, keep a record of them. This will go a long way in helping a child discover his or her natural calling. Those observations can be effective guiding forces for youngsters. Can we have a system which gives an analytic report on the aptitude of each child?  This would open doors of opportunity for many youngsters.  Such human resource mapping will have long-lasting benefits, in governments and businesses.

Friends,

 I see a big role for AI in empowering Agriculture, healthcare.  Creating next generation urban infrastructure. And, addressing urban issues like: reducing traffic jams. Improving sewage systems and Laying our energy grids.  It can be used for making our disaster management systems stronger. It can even be used to solve the problem of climate change.

Friends,

Our planet is blessed with several languages.  In India, we have several languages and dialects. Such diversity makes us a better society. As Professor Raj Reddy just suggested, why not use AI to seamlessly bridge language barriers. Let us think about simple and effective ways of how AI can empower Divyang sisters and brothers.

Friends,

Why not use AI for knowledge sharing? There are few things as empowering as making knowledge, information and skills easily accessible.

Friends,

It remains our collective responsibility to ensure trust in how AI is used.  Algorithm Transparency is key to establishing this Trust.  Equally important is accountability. We must protect the world against weaponistion of AI by Non-State Actors.

Friends,

While we discuss AI, let also have no doubts that human creativity and Human emotions continue to be our greatest strength. They are our unique advantage over machines.  the smartest of AI cannot solve mankind’s problems without blending with our intellect and empathy. We should also think of how we will retain this intellectual edge over machines? We should ensure that we take care so that human intelligence is always a few steps ahead of AI. We should think about how AI can help humans to increase their own capacities. I want to state again:- AI will unlock the unique potential of each person. It will empower them to contribute more effectively to the society.

Friends,

Here at RAISE 2020, we have created a global forum for the world’s leading stakeholders. Let us exchange ideas and chart a common course for the adoption of Artificial Intelligence. It is critical that all of us work together as partners for this. I thank you for coming together to participate in this truly global event. I wish the Global Summit all success. I am sure that the discussions over the next four days will help create an Action Roadmap for Responsible AI. A roadmap that can truly help transform lives and livelihoods across the world. My best wishes to you all.

RAISE 2020 –PM Modi inaugurates 5-Day RAISE 2020 Global AI Summit, says committed to make India AI hub of the world

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi  inaugurated RAISE 2020- ‘Responsible AI for Social Empowerment 2020,’ late yesterday, in the  presence of Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad, Minister for Electronics & IT, Communications & Law & Justice, Professor Raj Reddy, Turing Awardee, Padma Bhushan awardee, former Co-Chair, US President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee, Shri Mukesh Ambani, Chairman, Reliance Industries Ltd, Dr. Arvind Krishna, CEO, IBM India, Shri Amitabh Kant, CEO, NITI Aayog and Shri Ajay Prakash Sawhney, Secretary, Ministry of Electronics & IT. The summit will have 45 sessions from October 5-9, with participation of around 300 speakers from academia, industry and government.

Speaking on the occasion Prime Minister emphasised that at every step of history, India has led the world in knowledge and learning. In today’s age of IT as well, India is making outstanding contributions. He also underlined the committed to make India AI hub of the world.

“India has also proved to be the powerhouse of the global IT services industry. We will continue to digitally excel and delight the world. We want India to become a global hub for AI. Many Indians are already working in this area. I hope many more do so in the times to come. Our approach to this is powered by the core principles of teamwork, trust, collaboration, responsibility and inclusivity,” Shri Modi said.

“India’s National programme on AI will be dedicated towards the rightful use of AI in solving societal problems,” the Prime Minister added. Shri Modi also emphasized that we must ensure that human intellect should always be a few steps ahead of AI. “While we discuss AI, let us also have no doubts that human creativity and human emotions continue to be our greatest strength. They are our unique advantage over machines. Even the smartest of AI cannot solve mankind’s problems without blending with our intellect,” Shri Modi said.

Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad elaborated on the Government of India’s emphasis on developing AI capabilities in the country. He said that the government has set up AI centers of excellence and that more such centers will be set up to train the youth. “Technology at times overwhelms us, but we welcome AI to generate development and promote equity. India’s resource of demographic dividend will play a key role in promoting pools of skilled professionals to take the country’s AI ecosystem forward. India’s application of AI will become a beacon for the world,” Shri Prasad said.

In his address, Mr. Mukesh Ambani said India has the power of data generated by over a billion Indians that would catapult it to becoming a leading global AI player. “When 1.3 billion Indians are digitally empowered, they will unleash proliferation of digital enterprises that will create faster growth, better standards of living and superior opportunities across society,” Mr. Ambani said.

According to independent studies, AI has the potential to raise India’s annual growth rate by 1.3% and add USD 957 billion to the country’s economy by 2035.

“At a global level, AI will unlock USD 15.7 trillion in productivity by 2030 and it has the potential to not only boost economic growth but improve the livelihoods of millions around the world,” Dr Arvind. Krishna said.

Professor Reddy emphasized the benefits of AI in bridging language barriers and for managing pandemic situations.

“Today, we can do things which were impossible to do 50 years ago. Using AI, anyone can translate from any language to any language ride in a self-driving car and play Chess at Grandmaster level. Looking forward, we can expect AI to help eliminate lockdowns, replace one-size-fits-all education by personalizing education based on individual student capabilities and interests, watch any movie and talk to anyone in any language and empower the people at the bottom of the pyramid,” he said.

The inauguration was followed by a session on the way forward for transforming the world using artificial intelligence. The session featured tech talks by Professor Reddy, Mr. Kant, and Mr. Sawhney. The session was moderated by Mr. Abhishek Singh, President & CEO, NeGD and CEO, MyGov.

So far, more than 61,000 stakeholders from academia, the research industry and government representatives from 140 countries have registered to participate in RAISE 2020.

From agriculture to fin-tech and healthcare to infrastructure, India is witnessing rapid development in the integration of artificial intelligence. On the back of its technological prowess and the richness of its data, India can become the AI laboratory of the world and contribute to inclusive development. The RAISE 2020 Summit (http://raise2020.indiaai.gov.in/) serves as a platform for discussion and consensus building to help create a data-rich environment, which will help to eventually transform lives globally.

About RAISE 2020:

RAISE 2020 is a first-of-its-kind, global meeting of minds on Artificial Intelligence to drive India’s vision and roadmap for social transformation, inclusion and empowerment through responsible AI. Organized by Government of India along with Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and NITI Aayog, the event will witness robust participation from global industry leaders, key opinion makers, Government representatives and academia.

A fresh low pressure area is very likely to form over north Andaman Sea & adjoining east central Bay of Bengal around 9 October 2020

According to the Cyclone Warning Divisionof the India Meteorological Department (IMD):

Likely formation of a Low pressure area over Andaman Sea around 9th October and itsgradual intensification into a Depression over central Bay of Bengal during subsequent 2days with likely north-westwards movement towards north Andhra Pradesh and Odishacoasts

Weather Systems:

  • A fresh low pressure area is very likely to form over north Andaman Sea & adjoiningeastcentral Bay of Bengal around 9 October 2020. It is very likely to move north-westwardstowards north Andhra Pradesh and Odisha coasts with gradual intensification into adepression during subsequent 2-3 days.
  • The current Low Pressure Area lies over northwest Bay of Bengal & adjoining Odisha coast.It is very likely to persist there till 5 October and become less marked thereafter. However, itsassociated cyclonic circulation is very likely to move over to south Chhattisgarh on 6th Octand remain active till 7th Oct.

Warnings:

(i) Rainfall warning

  • Rainfall (over Andaman & Nicobar Islands)

Light to moderate rainfall at most places with heavy (6.5-12 cm) to very heavy (12-20 cm) rainfall atisolated places would occur over Andaman & Nicobar Islands on 9th and 10th October.

  • Rainfall (over Odisha, Andhra Pradesh & Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand,Gangetic West Bengal);

Under the influence of current Low Pressure Area over northwest Bay ofBengal & adjoining Odisha coast, fairly widespread to widespread rainfall very likely over Odisha,Bihar, Jharkhand, Gangetic West Bengal during next 4 days. Isolated heavy rainfall very likely overOdisha during 04-06 October, Jharkhand on 04, 06 & 07, over Bihar on 06 & 07, Chhattisgarh from04 to 07 2020. Under the influence of fresh Low Pressure Area, rainfall activity very likely toincrease over Odisha and coastal Andhra Pradesh during 11th to 13th Oct, 2020.

(ii) Wind warning

Squally wind speed reaching 40-50 kmph would prevail of north Andaman Sea, East central and adjoiningsoutheast Bay of Bengal on 9th and 10th October; 50-60 kmph over central Bay of Bengal on 10th and 11thOctober and over north Coastal Andhra Pradesh and Odisha coasts and adjoining North Bay of Bengal on11th October.

(iii) Sea condition

Sea condition will be rough to very rough over the areas of north Andaman Sea, East central and adjoiningsoutheast Bay of Bengal on 9th and 10th October; over central Bay of Bengal on 10th and 11th October andover North Bay of Bengal on 11th October.

(iv) Fishermen Warning

Fishermen are advised not to venture into Andaman Sea, East central and adjoining southeast Bay ofBengal on 9th and 10th October; over central Bay of Bengal on 10th and 11th October and over North Bay ofBengal on 11th October.

Around Rs 1,082 crore paid to 41,084 farmers for procurement of paddy on MSP

Paddy procurement for 2020-21 has commenced across the procuring States. As on 03.10.2020, cumulative procurement of Paddy in KMS 2020-21 is 5,73,339 MT. The total number of farmers benefited are 41,084 and total MSP outflow so far, is approximately Rs 1,082.464 crore.

The Procurement of seed cotton (Kapas) during Kharif Marketing Season 2020-21 has started from 1st October, 2020. As on 3-10-2020, Cotton Corporation of India has procured a cumulative quantity of 147 bales under MSP for a value of Rs.40.80 Lakh benefitting 29 farmers.

Moving towards a vaccine to reduce yield loss due to diseases in rice

We may be close to a vaccine to boost the immune system of rice. A scientist has uncovered the mechanism by which a bacterium called Xoo (Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae) that causes a serious bacterial leaf blight disease in rice interacts with rice plant and cause disease.

Dr Tayi Lavanya, a recipient of DST-Inspire Faculty Fellowship, instituted by the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India, working in Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabadalong with her research group is working to identify and develop few molecules which are derived from either the Xoo bacterium or from the infected rice cell walls.

The team is developing new disease control strategies which they can use as vaccines that activate the rice immune system and provide resistance to rice plants from subsequent infections by pathogens.

Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae, or commonly known as Xoo infection, cause huge yield losses to rice cultivation throughout the world. Treatment of rice with cellulase, a cell wall degrading enzyme secreted by Xoo induces rice immune responses and protects rice from subsequent infections by Xoo.

The team led by Dr Lavanya carried out biochemical and functional studies on plant cell wall degrading enzymes secreted by Xoo, which has provided key insights into the mechanisms by which the Xoo pathogen interacts with rice plant and cause disease.

Using the leads obtained from her Ph. D work, Dr Lavanya, along with her research group have zeroed in on few molecules derived from either the Xoo bacterium and from infected rice cell walls which they hope to develop into vaccines. 

Currently, Dr. Lavanya’s group is working on a cellulase protein secreted by Xoo. This cellulase protein has the features of a typical vaccine as it is a potent elicitor of rice immune responses. Pre-treatment of rice plants with this protein provides resistance to rice against subsequent Xoo infection.

In order to study how exactly this protein induces the rice immune system, her group is testing whether any surface exposed peptide of this cellulase protein is being recognized by the rice immune system leading to the activation of immune responses. They are also exploring whether the rice cell wall degradation products (sugars) that are released by the activity of this cellulase protein on rice cell walls elicit rice immunity. The elicitor molecules (peptide/sugars), once identified, will be used as a vaccine to activate the rice immune system and induce resistance in rice plants to subsequent infections by pathogens. 

So far, improving the resistance of rice plants by introducing Resistance “R” genes has been the best way to control this disease which involves breeding or gene manipulation techniques that are laborious and time-consuming. Also, the introduced of “R” genes provide only race-specific resistance that will prevent infections by only specific strains of Xoo. But the elicitor molecule that will be identified in this work will have the potential to induce a broad-spectrum resistance, which will be effective not only against Xoo but also against other pathogens.

According to Dr Lavanya, this study will reveal novel elicitors of rice defence responses and provide new knowledge about the basic aspects of plant-pathogen interactions that might lead to new ways of reducing yield losses for a crop that at least half of the world’s population depends on.