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1999 – THE KARGIL WAR

The 1999
KARGIL WAR

 – one of the greatest war in the Indian history –

“Our flag does not fly because the wind moves it. it flies with the last breath of every fallen soldiers who protected it”

It’s been 22 years since the Indian army recaptured back all the Indian army posts in Kargil that was once occupied by the Pakistan’s army. Finally on 26th July 1999,we won this war and since then every year on this day we pay tribute to our hero’s who sacrificed life saving protecting our motherland. 


Through this article let us understand in depth the story behind this 1999 war. 
  • WHEN, WHERE and HOW
This war continued from May to July 1999 for a period of 84 days in the Kashmiri’s Kargil district.
The Pakistani’s soldiers and terrorists occupied the Indian territories and positioned themselves strategically in key position such that it would be advantage for the opponents to start the war.


The shepherds from the nearby locality informed Indian army about suspicious activity and they were able to decode this activity and launched “OPERATION VIJAY”

  • THE WAR
Initially the Pakistani government refused any role in this conflict and termed that this conflict was with Kashmiri freedom fighters. But later awarded medals to its soldiers who were part of the conflict.

The Pakistani troops had positioned themselves at higher altitude which proved to be advantage as it could fire down the Indian army during fight.










Finally the Pakistani troops withdrew their armed forces at few places while the Indian army attacked the rest of outposts and finally managed to get back their territory by 26th July 1999.

  • AFTER WAR EFFECT

According to the report, a total of 527 official death toll was reported on Indian side. On other hand in Pakistan’s side it was between 357 to 453.

The mission was considered successful on 26th july,1999 by Indian military and thereafter every year it is celebrated annually as Kargil Vijay Diwas.

  • GALLANTRY AWARDS
  • PARAM VIR CHAKRA awarded to:
  1. Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav, 18 Grenadiers
  2. Lieutenant Manoj Singh Kumar Pandey, 1/11 Gorkha Rifles
  3. Captain Vikram Bhatra,13 JAK Rifles
  4. Rifleman Sanjay Kumar,13 JAK Rifles
  • MAHA VIR CHAKRA awarded to:
  1. Lieutenant Balwan Singh,18 Grenadiers 
  2. Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari,Posthumous,18 Grenadiers 
  3. Major Vivek Gupta, Posthumous,2 Rajputana Rifles 
  4. Captain N Kenguruse, Posthumous,ASC, 2 RAJ RIF
  5. Major Sonam Wangchuk, Ladakh Scounts
  6. Naik Digendra Kumar,2 RAJ RIF
  7. Captain Anuj Nayyar, 17 Jat Regiment, Posthumous
  8. Lieutenant Keishing C Nongrum, 12 JAK Light Infantry
  9. Major Padmapani Acharya, 2 Rajputana Rifles, Posthumous 

The inspiring stories of of the war heroes taught us selflessness and courage. On this Kargil Vijay Diwas lets take a moment to appreciate the sacrifices of our soldiers who guarded us while we were sleeping safe and sound. The Kargil heroes will always be remembered. 

JAI HIND.

Kerala Govt. takes steps againt Dowry

Societies have a long history of male domination, which can be witnessed from ancient rituals and customs.
Men are traditionally bread earners whereas their counterparts females are homemakers.
With time few things have changed but the major picture remains quite constant.
Dowry is an unethical practice in our society, hidden behind the name of gifts or blessings by elders. 

Many strategies and steps are taken by the government, but still, it’s prevalent. A new development took place in the string of events as now Kerala government directs employees to give affidavits that no dowry is taken by them. This circular was issued by the Department of Women & Child Development.
Under its new rules, all-male married employees are directed to submit a declaration stating that no dowry is taken from the bride’s family.
It comes after several cases of deaths due to dowry-related crimes reported in the state.
The declaration is to be submitted to the concerned department within 30 days of marriage, signed by the employee’s wife and inlaws. 
In case of a fake affidavit, legal action will be taken against the official. Moreover giving or taking of the dowry will be punished by the imprisonment of a term not less than 5 years and a fine of Rs 15,000.

SYLVIA PLATH

 WHO WAS SYLVIA PLATH?

Born in 1932 to middle-class parents in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, Sylvia Plath published her first poem at the age of eight. A sensitive person who tended to be a bit of a perfectionist she was what many would consider a model daughter and student – popular, a straight-A student, always winning the best prizes. She won a scholarship to Smith College in 1950 and even then she had an enviable list of publications. She wrote over four hundred poems.


However, beneath the surface of her seeming perfection were some grave discontinuities, some of which probably were caused by the death of her father, an entomologist, when she was eight.

During the summer after her junior year in college, Sylvia made her first (and almost successful) attempt at suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills. The experience is described in her autobiographical novel, The Bell Jar, published in 1963. After a period of recovery, which involved electroshock and psychotherapy she once again pursued academic and literary success, graduating from Smith summa cum laude in 1955 and winning a Fulbright scholarship to study in Cambridge, England.


In 1956 she married Ted Hughes, an English poet, and in 1960, at the age of twenty-eight, she published her first book, The Colossus in England. The poems found in the book clearly showed the dedication with which she pursued her apprenticeship, yet they only gave a taste of what was to come in the poems she began writing in early 1961. She and Hughes settled for a brief time in an English country village in Devon, England. However, less than two years after the birth of their first child the marriage disintegrated.

In the winter of 1962-63, one of the coldest in centuries, Sylvia lived in a small flat in London, with her two children, ill with the flu and nearly broke. She would sometimes finish a poem a day. In her last poems, death is given a cruel, physical allure and psychic pain becomes almost tactile.

On February 11, 1963, Sylvia Plath succeeded in killing herself with cooking gas at the age of thirty. Two years after her death, Ariel, a collection of some of her last poems was published, which was followed by Crossing the Water and Winter Trees in 1971, and in 1981 The Collected Poems was published, edited by none other than Ted Hughes.

SOME OF HER WORKS

1. MIRROR

I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.
Whatever I see I swallow immediately
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.
I am not cruel, only truthful ‚
The eye of a little god, four-cornered.
Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall.
It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long
I think it is part of my heart. But it flickers.
Faces and darkness separate us over and over.

Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me,
Searching my reaches for what she really is.
Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.
I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.
I am important to her. She comes and goes.
Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.
In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman
Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish.

2. A LIFE

ouch it: it won’t shrink like an eyeball,
This egg-shaped bailiwick, clear as a tear.
Here’s yesterday, last year —-
Palm-spear and lily distinct as flora in the vast
Windless threadwork of a tapestry.

Flick the glass with your fingernail:
It will ping like a Chinese chime in the slightest air stir
Though nobody in there looks up or bothers to answer.
The inhabitants are light as cork,
Every one of them permanently busy.

At their feet, the sea waves bow in single file.
Never trespassing in bad temper:
Stalling in midair,
Short-reined, pawing like paradeground horses.
Overhead, the clouds sit tasseled and fancy

As Victorian cushions. This family
Of valentine faces might please a collector:
They ring true, like good china.

Elsewhere the landscape is more frank.
The light falls without letup, blindingly.

A woman is dragging her shadow in a circle
About a bald hospital saucer.
It resembles the moon or a sheet of blank paper
And appears to have suffered a sort of private blitzkrieg.
She lives quietly

With no attachments, like a foetus in a bottle,
The obsolete house, the sea, flattened to a picture
She has one too many dimensions to enter.
Grief and anger, exorcised,
Leave her alone now.

The future is a grey seagull
Tattling in its cat-voice of departure.
Age and terror, like nurses, attend her,
And a drowned man, complaining of the great cold,
Crawls up out of the sea.

3. CUT

What a thrill –
My thumb instead of an onion.
The top quite gone
Except for a sort of hinge

Of skin,
A flap like a hat,
Dead white.
Then that red plush.

Little pilgrim,
The Indian’s axed your scalp.
Your turkey wattle
Carpet rolls

Straight from the heart.
I step on it,
Clutching my bottle
Of pink fizz. A celebration, this is.
Out of a gap
A million soldiers run,
Redcoats, everyone.

Whose side are they on?
O my
Homunculus, I am ill.
I have taken a pill to kill

The thin
Papery feeling.
Saboteur,
Kamikaze man –

The stain on your
Gauze Ku Klux Klan
Babushka
Darkens and tarnishes and when
The balled
Pulp of your heart
Confronts its small
Mill of silence

How you jump –
Trepanned veteran,
Dirty girl,
Thumb stump.


Cleopatra, the Beauty Queen of Egypt

 Cleopatra,the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, the beauty queen of Egypt, bears an important personality in the annals of history. On account of her, Julius Caesar developed an ambition to become the Roman emperor for which he had to lay down his own life. The defeat was due to a misunderstanding between Cleopatra and her brother in ruling Egypt. In the year 512 B.C, Cleopatra took shelter in Syria where she met Julius Caesar in Alexandria and fell in love with him, instigating him to wage a war against her brother in Egypt. Cleopatra’s brother was killed in the battle by which she became the queen of Egypt before and after she married Caesar. She was the queen even after the death of Caesar. Later she married Marcus Antonius and fought with Augustus Caesar. In 31 B.C. She died consuming venom when everything of her was destroyed. This led to the unification of Egypt with the Roman empire.

 There are lots of unknown facts behind her. Do you know her real name? Cleopatra was actually Cleopatra VII Philopator. Her real name was “Cleopatra Thea Philopator” which means ‘goddess Cleopatra beloved of her father’. There were six Cleopatra before her! We all believe that Cleopatra was an Egyptian. But she was not a pure Egyptian. The genealogy goes back to Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander the Great’s generals. Though she was not ethnically Egyptian,she didn’t act like a foreigner to her subjects. And also became the first of the Ptolemaic line to learn Egyptian and adopt many of the customs of Egypt. She was also an intelligent woman who had a good command over almost twelve languages. And also learnt mathematics, philosophy ,oratory and astronomy. She brought a number of books on medicine, charms and the cosmetics who proposed treatments for hair loss and dandruff.

She had four children namely Caesarion, twins Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene by Julius Caesar. Another son Ptolemy Philadelphos Antonius by Mark Antony. But only Cleopatra Selene survived and became the Queen of Mauritania.There is also different opinions on the death of cleopatra.The popular belief about her death is that she committed suicide by allowing an asp (an Egyptian cobra) to bite her. But according to Greek and Roman historians she poisoned herself using either a toxic ointment or with a poisoned sharp instrument such as a pin!

BEAUTY IS NOT WHAT'S ON THE OUTSIDE BUT WHAT'S ON THE INSIDE…


Beauty is not what’s on the outside but what’s on the inside.

The term ‘beauty’ may have very relative significance. Something can be beautiful for us, but ugly for other people. The external beauty of a person is often the first thing that we pay attention to. This is the result of the association of beauty with good and ugliness with evil. Through the outer appearance we make a general opinion about a given person. Such a way of thinking may be very misleading. In order to get to know the person we need to look to the inside – into the soul. This is the place where the real beauty and ugliness are hidden.

Looking beautiful is a desire of almost every individual living on this planet. Emphasis on the word ‘Looking’ in the previous statement. Looking beautiful depends on others and not on our own selves. To understand this, you will have to consider the concept of beauty. There is a famous quote which goes something like this,

Beauty Lies in the eyes of the Beholder’

What this quote is trying to say is that unless you are considered beautiful by the people/society looking at you, you will not be considered beautiful. This is because society has set certain standards of beauty that are followed by most of the population.

These standards are also responsible for creating a sort of frustration/personality complex among the people that fail to meet these standards. This is why inner beauty is important. But what is inner beauty, to be exact? A lot of people come up with excuses when they are approached with the concept of inner beauty. Either these people don’t have an idea of what inner beauty exactly is or they just don’t understand the importance of inner beauty for overall health. As a result, people often base their lives on the wrong notion of beauty.

Inner beauty can be classified into two main categories: Physical and Mental. Physical inner beauty involves the improvement of physical health from the inside. It involves improvements of the bodily systems that aren’t visible from the outside. Mental inner beauty involves the goodness and purity of the thoughts. We see others as we see ourselves. Therefore, to improve the perception of our world, we need to first take control of our own thoughts. Only then can an individual be truly beautiful. A good combination of the physical inner beauty and mental inner beauty can give better fulfillment and health.


According to the above points, I came to know that the inner beauty is very important.

Some people feel proud about their beauty but we should remember that it won’t last long. As we become old our beauty disappears.

Human beings are made up of wet clay of the land. So one day we’ll be going to get mixed up one day.

So, we should keep that in mind and never feel proud of your beauty and don’t not criticize the people whoa re not as beautiful as you are. Because God, the creator of the whole world doesn’t see your beauty outside but sees whether you are beautiful at heart.

Nadia Murad's Story of fight!

Wars are demons which are always meant for destruction. The only way they know to achieve their wishes is complete destruction. Women, men, children and even nature are also being ruined by bombs, guns and shots. The purpose of wars may vary.It depends upon the motives of each group. The memoir The Last Girl by Nadia Murad is a journey from a peaceful life at Kocho to a strange life in Germany as a refugee. The protagonist Nadia draws a complete picture of devastation of an area,people and their minds. The war took place in Kocho where they practiced genocide to wipe out one of the ethnic minorities in Iraq, that is Yazidi.Surviving a war is such an easy task when it is compared to the life of survivors Because the days after war is like a life without life.

The memoir is divided into three parts. The first part deals with Murad’s peaceful life in the Yazidi village Kocho and she included several incidents and disputes related to nearby Sunni villages and terrorists attacks she evoked. She narrated the occupation of Islamic State in Kocho in August 2014 and successive massacres inflicted by ISIS. Men were killed and women were used as sexual slaves when they refused to convert into Muslim community. In second part, Murad conveys her experiences as a brutally treated woman by ISIS militants. The days she spent in the camps were horrible. Once she tried to escape, she was failed and was raped by the guards and moved to an ISIS check point and again raped by many. Third part is the continuation of her struggle to escape from that hell. The second attempt was a successful one and with the help of a family, she went to Kocho and started a new life.She defined the circumstances as incredible.

The Last Girl is a thunderous ode to a woman’s will to struggle, to survive and to emerge victorious through unimaginable trauma and torture. Moreover, the story offers a powerful insight into how the Yazidi suffered incomparable cruelty, how a woman braved the worst of human conditions and was able to share her story with the world. It is not just a story of a Yazidi woman who suffered being a sex slave and monumental tragedy in the hands of the ISIS, instead the work is a testimony of the ancient Yazidi community, and their unceasing predicaments that are ignored by the larger mass. Nadia’s unflinching portrayal of her own story is the strong weapon, she has against terrorism. Even though, genocide is not something that just happened yesterday, it is an unnoticeable part of history. The work is like a mirror set against the reality which reflects the terrible beauty of the world. Rape has been used as a tool in war time for millennia. It is used as an instrument in genocide. Because it is one way of advancing the destruction of a community. Rape has a huge capacity to destroy asmuch as a bullet can destroy. The memoir contains open wounds and painful lessons,as Yazidi activist, Nadia Murad learns how her own story can become a weapon against her co-opted for any number of political agendas.

Usually, the world celebrate and remember the victorious pages of history. In those victories, the minorities are often denied their right to live by the hands of powerful majority. Their voices are crushed under the authoritative orders and the world does not see any representatives from them. In this context The Last Girl becomes very relevant. It is a memoir of a girl from Yazidi community, a minority section of Iraq, which explains the traumatic situations of Yazidis and their fearful life in their home country Iraq. She dared to speak against ISIS and their cruel agendas.

Nadia is the first Yazidi woman who begins an open fight with such a huge organization and stood for a healthy living of Yazidis. She fought with herself to overcome the trauma and successfully nurtured the confidence within her to create a protective layer around her community. The UN Goodwill Ambassador for the dignity of survivors of human trafficking, Nadia is not just a survivor, she is a winner of human rights. As a research topic, the work is viewed in the angle of trauma which reflects throughout the lives of victims who subjected to the effects of war.

Solid Waste Disposal

The piled up garbage dumps and the landfills as huge as a mountain that we see in our daily life is a clear indicator for us to consider eco-friendly waste disposal methods. Waste disposal and management is a highly ignored subject, as a result of which cities like Delhi produce 9,000 metric tonnes of garbage everyday. 

Efficient waste disposal methods and recycling can lead us to a bright “Zero-Waste-Future”. The eco-friendly methods of waste disposal require proper facilities for disposal of waste along with awareness among the masses.  


E-Waste Management

E- waste refers to obsolete electronic waste and managing these wastes is an emerging task as the number of electronic items are increasing day-by-day. The major problem is that people are not aware of disposal methods for E-waste and separate collection of E-waste is not easily accessible. This leads to dumping of it in the landfill with the normal garbage. It can adversely affect our environment and public health. 

 E-waste like batteries and cartridges have toxic chemicals in them like Lead, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium etc. The groundwater near the landfill can get polluted with harmful chemicals like Lead. If it is burnt, then it can lead to toxic fumes in the air. 

Eco-friendly waste disposal methods

Firstly, reducing the amount of waste from our households is a crucial step. This can be ensured by some small changes on a daily basis. For instance, using a cloth bag while buying things instead of collecting many small polythene bags. Because these polythene bags bring in more plastic waste inside the house and it again becomes difficult to get rid of it in an eco-friendly manner. 

 

If the provision of two separate garbage collections is available, then the household should use two dustbins. One for the recyclable items and the other for the non-recyclable items. Making a product out of recycled goods takes much less energy than making a product with new items from scratch. If there is a separate hazardous waste disposal site in the vicinity, then the hazardous items like paint cans, tyres, and bulbs should be disposed of there and not mixed with the other wastes. 

Composting is a very easy and beneficial way of waste disposal. Waste from the kitchen like vegetable peels can be used as manure for the plants. Vegetable wastes have nitrogen rich minerals which makes the soil fertile and plants help to lower the greenhouse gases. It can be used for one’s own garden or can be donated as manure for a nearby park. It is one of the best ways for disposal of waste. Similarly, the green wastes such as trimmed grass from the garden can be used to feed the animals. 

The huge landfills are a result of the excess of waste generated. Hence it is important to act responsibly and promote efficient waste disposal methods. Some small steps taken in our everyday life can make an impact on the overall environment.

11 Reasons Why Apple Wants Companies To Choose Mac Over Windows.

 

Like Android vs IOS, Mac vs Windows is also a ‘battle’ that has been going on for decades. Also, along with the companies rivalry, we all are aware of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates’s famous rivalry. Although the rivalry between these two tech giants is settled now, there is no end to the debate over which one is better. For proving that Apple is better, Apple also has created a special site labeled 11 reasons Mac means business. By the title, it is clear that Apple is targeting organizations to choose them instead of Windows. 

So, let’s see why Apple wants companies to choose them. Mentioned below are 11 reasons according to Apple, why:-

1) The all-mighty M1 chip

Apple says that the M1 chip changes everything. The silicon-based chip, according to Apple defines custom technologies, blazing-fast speed, and incredible power efficiency. In short; a breakthrough of breakthroughs. 

2) M1: the Flash of the processors

According to Apple, the MacBook Air with an M1 processor is now about 3.5X faster than the previous generation. Apple says that with the M1 chip one can multitask across the projects, analyze the spreadsheet while having a video conference, and can crush even the performance-heavy tasks with ease.

3) Longest battery life

Apple claims that now the devices which come with the M1 chip have jaw-dropping battery life. Apple says, “ up to 18 hours of battery life — MacBook Air delivers the power to work where, how, and for as long as you want.”

4) Mac is friendly with IT

Apple says that it is a lot facilitated with zero-touch deployment to set up devices. And to manage Mac at any scale with mobile device management.

5) Mac work for companies without IT

Mac is easy to use and the setup is also very simple. The assistant helps to get Mac up and running quickly. And with reliable hardware, it won’t let you down. So, it’s perfect for companies with or without IT support. 

6) Mac costs less in the long run

According to Apple, when compared with a PC, a single Mac can save you $843 over three years. How? Because of fewer support tickets, less software needed, and higher residual value, the savings add up, claims Apple.

7) The most innovative companies run on Mac

As per Apple, 84℅ of the world’s top originators like SAP, Salesforce, and Target deploy Mac at Scale. 

8) Business apps are better on Mac

Support of Google and Microsoft Apps are seamless on Mac. And now with the new processor, popular iPhone, and iPad business apps also can run on Mac.

9) Apple’s Security game is strong

Apple mentioned, “Mac is the most secure personal computer on the planet, thanks to built-in features like hardware-verified secure boot, on-the-fly encryption, Touch ID, and Gatekeeper.”

10) Benefits of Apple’s Ecosystem

Thanks to the Apple ecosystem if employees use iPhone then the cross-device support is far better. It makes it easier to transfer files and calls can also be picked up anywhere.

11) Mac is a pleasure to work with

Apple explaining the point says, “When you give people the power to work the way they want, with the tools they love, they are inspired to do the best work of their lives. Apple makes it easy to give employees the power to choose their own devices while simplifying IT management and maintaining corporate standards.”

Whether it is Mac or Windows, in the end, it depends on what is your choice. And also there is no end to the debate over Mac vs Windows. 

Goods and Services Tax

Everyone may have heard about GST up to this point. GST is for Goods & Services Tax, which is a national tax levied on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods and services that makes no distinction between goods and services for taxation. It will largely replace all indirect taxes levied by the Indian central and state governments on goods and services. In India, The Atal Bihari Vajpayee government proposed the introduction of GST in 2000. The Goods and Service Tax Act was passed by Parliament on March 29, 2017, and into effect on July 1, 2017. To put it another way, the Products and Service Tax (GST) is a tax that is levied on the provision of goods and services.

For the purpose of tax collection, it was split into five tax slabs: 0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28 percent. Individual state governments tax petroleum goods, alcoholic beverages, electricity, and real estate separately. Rough precious and semi-precious stones are taxed at a special rate of 0.25 percent, while gold is taxed at 3%. Furthermore, a 22 percent cess or other charges on top of the 28 percent applies to few things, such as aerated drinks, expensive cars, and tobacco products, are subject to GST. Pre-GST, most commodities had a statutory tax rate of around 26.5 percent; post-GST, most goods are likely to have a tax rate of around 18 percent. 

OBJECTIVES OF GST:

One of the main goals of the Products and Service Tax (GST) is to avoid double taxation or the effects of taxes on the cost of production and delivery of goods and services. The elimination of cascading effects, i.e. tax on tax till ultimate consumers, will considerably improve the competitiveness of original goods and services in the market, resulting in a positive influence on the country’s GDP growth. It is not only desirable but also necessary, to implement a GST to replace the existing numerous tax structures of the federal and state governments. It would be conceivable to offer full credit for input taxes collected if multiple taxes were integrated into a GST system. GST, or Goods and Services Tax, is a destination-based consumption tax based on the VAT idea.

 GST Rate of other countries:-

Australia 10%

France 19.6% 

Canada 5%

Germany 19%

Japan 5%

Singapore 7%

New Zealand 15%

Types of GST :

1. CGST (Central Goods and Service Tax)

The Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) is a federal tax on goods and services. It applies to vendors who do business within the state. The collected taxes will be shared with the central authority. 

2. SGST (State Goods and Service Tax) 

A state’s Goods and Services Tax (SGST) is a tax on goods and services. It applies to vendors who do business in the state. The collected taxes will be distributed to the appropriate state authority.

3. IGST (Integrated Goods and Service Tax)

The Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) is a type of tax that applies to both goods and services. It is relevant to suppliers who do interstate and import operations. The collected taxes will be split between the federal and state governments.

 

4. UTGST (Union Territory Goods and Services Tax)

 The UTGST is levied on supplies made in the Union Territories of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands,

Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, and Lakshadweep.

GST Advantages

  1. GST is an easy-to-understand tax that also reduces the number of indirect taxes.
  2. There will be no hidden taxes and the cost of conducting business would be cheaper because GST will not be a burden to registered shops.
  3. People will benefit because prices will drop, which will boost businesses since consumption will rise.
  4. Separate taxes for goods and services, as is the current taxation system, necessitate the split of transaction values into the value of products and services for taxation, resulting in increased complexities, administrative, and compliance expenses.
  5. When all of the taxes are integrated into the GST system, the tax burden can be divided evenly between manufacturing and services.
  6. GST will be levied only at the ultimate point of consumption, following the VAT principle, and not at numerous stages along the way (from manufacturing to retail outlets). This will aid in the removal of economic distortions and the creation of a common national market.
  7. GST will also aid in the creation of a transparent and anti-corruption tax administration. Currently, a tax is assessed when a finished product leaves a factory, which is paid by the manufacturer, and it is levied again when the product is sold at a retail outlet.
  8. GST is supported by the GSTN, a fully integrated tax infrastructure that handles all aspects of the tax.

Disadvantages

According to some economists, GST in India might have a detrimental impact on the real estate sector. It would raise the cost of new homes by up to 8% and diminish demand by roughly 12%.

According to some experts, CGST (Central GST) and SGST (State GST) are simply new names for the Central Excise/Service Tax, VAT, and CST. As a result, the number of tax levels does not decrease significantly.

Currently, only 4% of retail products are subject to tax. Garments and clothing may become more expensive after the GST is implemented.

It would have an impact on the aviation sector. Currently, service taxes on airfares range from 6% to 9%. With GST, the rate will rise to over 15%, nearly doubling the tax rate.

The entire ecosystem would experience teething problems and learn as a result of the adoption and migration to the new GST system.

First Olympic Gold Medal for Bermuda

Olympics is a leading international sports event held every four years. With more than 200 participant nations.
Each year hundreds of athletes from all over the world gather at the host country and rival each other for first place in different events.
This year Bermuda,  a British island territory in North Atlantic which first participated in the games in the year 1936.
Witnessed a major development as Flora Duffy wins first-ever gold for the country in triathlon.
Who is Flora Duffy?
Duffy, a 33-year-old female athlete who was diagnosed with anemia in 2013. But still, she managed to bounce back. She is also a two-time former world triathlon series champion.
What is Triathlon?
Triathlon is a grueling race made up of a one-mile open water swim, 25 miles of biking, and a run of 4.6 miles.
The 33-year-old finished with a time of 1hour55:36 minutes. Her opponent, Georgia Taylor-Brown ended in second place took a minute more than her.
Third place was secured by the Katie Zaferes of the United States.

The Lady With the Lamp

 During the second half of the 19th century,almost all the general hospitals had borne the painful sounds of people due to its mal- maintenance and unhealthy atmosphere. These hospitals were not equipped with the staff like nurses to take care of these weak people. During this time,a lady came like an angel! Do you know her name? Yes…she is Auguste Florence Nightingale,was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. She was the daughter of a very rich man and determined to sacrifice her home , wealth and life for the improvement of these hospitals; much against her parents’ will in getting her married to a wealthy groom for a happy and peaceful life. Florence’s parents felt light at heart When they witnessed their daughter’s determination to serve the suffering soldiers. Florence began her pioneer service along with 38 other nurses in 1854. It was in 1856 she returned to England and started a training School for nurses.Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople.She also made efforts for improving the health condition of all sections of British society, advocated for better hunger relief for India. so she should be there in our memories, so annual International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday. 

      The angels in our society,a powerful pillar in the area of health care, deserve a lot of respect from the side of our society. It is very notable that they always act as the one with the needy. Like Florence Nightingale who served for the soldiers , now many nightingales work hard in order to save the people from the distress during these Covid times all over the world. They know that they are risking their own life,but selflessly work for mankind. During these Covid days, the services of doctors and nurses are notable, because when the patient isolated themselves from the whole society,they played the role of god to give a new life…Nurses and doctors are the backbone of our healthcare system who have been risking their lives for months.It is not possible to wear PPE kit for more than seven hours. One cannot even use the toilet with this kit, but wearing it is a must for their safety. They are isolating themselves from their own family to fight against these threats. but the result was not that good from the society, because they questioned these people without knowing the truths like “Doctor accused of killing elderly patients to free up beds”. When they put their 100 percent in their service, we are obliged to pay back as respect to these humble ‘gods’ on earth. They deserve much to wage the war of corona. They are Powerful Soldiers of our healthcare!

Confliction of one's mind

We all are well aware of the different conflicts in our minds. They arrive like impatient thunderstorms,  one right after the other. The times when there’s isn’t any hope to hold onto, we may thrive by words that might explain our mental states. Although, we often fail to do so and start drowning ourselves into the darkest depths of nothingness. 

One thing that never gets old in such situations is writing down your rough thoughts somewhere away from the eyes of anyone, and reading it later at a better stage or when you start feeling yourself again. 

WAYS TO CLEAR YOUR MIND

In a generation where social status depicts one’s nature and affects their state of mind, we often find ourselves getting lost in the world which we created for others to see us like. We should be capable of creating a difference between what’s imaginary and real, that not only helps us stay sane but provides a boundary to the inevitable confusions.

When we invariably replay a situation and can’t stop thinking about it, or think how we messed up; the more we delve into it the more that situation seems to tighten the blank spaces in our mind and start congesting it.

It’s normal to get stuck in the past and have a lot many things playing in your mind at the same time, our mind has a tendency to work funnily.

Instead of putting yourself in a self-inflicting pain, try performing the enlisted activities which will probably distract the course of your mind for the time being:

  • reconnect with an old friend
  • play and spend time with your pet
  • don’t force yourself to be productive
  • go easy on yourself and do some pampering
  • cook yourself an elaborate meal
  • watch youtube, movies and listen to an upbeat music
  • take a long drive to nowhere 
  • take a walk in nature
  • go out with a friend and hangout
SELF VALIDATION

We are forced to put ourselves in a position where it’s tough to concentrate on peace of mind, by comparing ourselves to the person who is superior to us. But we need to understand the concept of self-satisfaction and being content in what we already have.
We should stop comparing ourselves to others because we are unaware of the life that they have behind the scenes, or away from the eyes of the world. It’s natural to get inferiority complexes but that shouldn’t mess with one’s mind.
The positive motivation or the rush and drag to push ourselves to a better position is healthy, but if it makes one sulk and questions their existence then it won’t take long into turning toxic and harmful for the mental peace. 
You have had enough of the taunts and opinions that society has for you, you don’t have to necessarily add yours to it too. If not others, make yourself so focused and proud in what you do that even your conflictions think twice to reoccur in your mind. 
“Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don’t matter, and those who matter don’t mind.”
― Bernard M. Baruch

PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN..AND ENJOY LIFE AS IT IS SHORT..( POEMS ) BY ME..

                                PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN

                                                                   -ANGELIN DIANA.G 

                 

                                                       

 

We are the people of power 

 And we rise up to a tower 

We belong to one brand

Moving hand in hand

We are still standing 

On our own understanding 

We do follow different trends 

But we are all good friends 

We always share 

Because we care 

We are from different stations 

But belong to one nation 

For our failures, we don’t cry 

But we always make a try 

We have no fear 

Because we are crystal clear 

We are happy citizens 

We are Indian citizens 

                                          

                                             

                             ENJOY LIFE AS IT IS SHORT 

                                                                                                 – ANGELIN DIANA. G

A Cupful of Coffee

And Mindful of Thoughts..

Sweet dreams for the nights 

And Cool creams for the teeth at mornings..

Frozen breeze for Shivering 

And hot sun for Sweating..

We achieve in dreams 

And we arrange in life..

Caring for others in life

And daring for our self..

Crying for the failures 

But trying for the next..

Life full of up and downs 

But thrill of lessons…..

KEEP SMILING ALWAYS ☺☺..

Dharavi: Asia's Largest Slum

Dharavi: Asia’s Largest Slum

Dharavi is a slum locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and considered to be a one of the largest slum area in the Asia. Dharavi has a population of 10 lakhs and area of just over 2.1 square km. Dharavi has a population density of over 277,136/km.sq with this density, Dharavi is one of the most densly populated area in the world.

             

Demographics

The total current population of Dharavi slum is unknown, and estimates vary widely. Some sources suggest it is 300,000 to about a million. With Dharavi spread over 200 hectares (500 acres), it is also estimated to have a population density of 869,565 people per square mile. With a literacy rate of 69%, Dharavi is the most literate slum in India.

About 30% of the population of Dharavi is Muslim, compared to 14% average population of Muslims in India. The Christian population is estimated to be about 6%, while the rest are predominantly Hindus (63%), with some Buddhists and other minority religions. Among the Hindus, about 20% work on animal skin production, tanneries and leather goods. Other Hindus specialise in pottery work, textile goods manufacturing, retail and trade, distilleries and other caste professions – all of these as small-scale household operations. The slum residents are from all over India, people who migrated from rural regions of many different states. The slum has numerous mosques, temples and churches to serve people of Islam, Hindu and Christian faiths; with Badi Masjid, a mosque, as the oldest religious structure in Dharavi.

Location and characteristics

Dharavi is a large area situated between Mumbai’s two main suburban railway lines, the Western and Central Railways. It is also adjacent to Bombay Airport. To the west of Dharavi are Mahim and Bandra, and to the north lies the Mithi River. The Mithi River empties into the Arabian Sea through the Mahim Creek. The area of Antop Hill lies to the east while the locality called Matunga is located in the South. Due to its location and poor sewage and drainage systems, Dharavi particularly becomes vulnerable to floods during the wet season.

Slum shacks in Dharavi.

Dharavi is considered one of the largest slums in the world.The low-rise building style and narrow street structure of the area make Dharavi very cramped and confined. Like most slums, it is overpopulated.

Economy

An embroidery unit in Dharavi.

In addition to the traditional pottery and textile industries in Dharavi, there is an increasingly large recycling industry, processing recyclable waste from other parts of Mumbai. Recycling in Dharavi is reported to employ approximately 250,000 people.While recycling is a major industry in the neighborhood, it is also reported to be a source of heavy pollution in the area. The district has an estimated 5,000 businessesand 15,000 single-room factories.Two major suburban railways feed into Dharavi, making it an important commuting station for people in the area going to and from work.

Dharavi exports goods around the world. Often these consist of various leather products, jewellery, various accessories, and textiles. Markets for Dharavi’s goods include stores in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. The total (and largely informal economy) turnover is estimated to be between US$500 million, and US$650 million per year, to over US$1 billion per year. The per capita income of the residents, depending on estimated population range of 300,000 to about 1 million, ranges between US$500 and US$2,000 per year.

A few travel operators offer guided tours through Dharavi, showing the industrial and the residential part of Dharavi and explaining about the problems and challenges Dharavi is facing. These tours give a deeper insight into a slum in general and Dharavi in particular.

Utility services

Potable water is supplied by the MCGM to Dharavi and the whole of Mumbai. However, a large amount of water is lost due to water thefts, illegal connection and leakage. The community also has a number of water wells that are sources of non-potable water.

Cooking gas is supplied in the form of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders sold by state-owned oil companies,as well as through piped natural gas supplied by Mahanagar Gas Limited.

There are settlement houses that still do not have legal connections to the utility service and thus rely on illegal connection to the water and power supply which means a water and power shortage for the residents in Dharavi.

Sanitation issues

Inside Dharavi

Mosque in Dharavi

Dharavi has severe problems with public health. Water access derives from public standpipes stationed throughout the slum. Additionally, with the limited lavatories they have, they are extremely filthy and broken down to the point of being unsafe. Mahim Creek is a local river that is widely used by local residents for urination and defecation causing the spread of contagious diseases. The open sewers in the city drain to the creek causing a spike in water pollutants, septic conditions, and foul odors. Due to the air pollutants, diseases such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, and asthma are common among residents. There are government proposals in regards to improving Dharavi’s sanitation issues. The residents have a section where they wash their clothes in water that people defecate in. This spreads the amount of disease as doctors have to deal with over 4,000 cases of typhoid a day. In a 2006 Human Development Report by the UN, they estimated there was an average of 1 toilet for every 1,440 people.

Epidemics and other disasters

Dharavi has experienced a long history of epidemics and natural disasters, sometimes with significant loss of lives. The first plague to devastate Dharavi, along with other settlements of Mumbai, happened in 1896, when nearly half of the population died. A series of plagues and other epidemics continued to affect Dharavi, and Mumbai in general, for the next 25 years, with high rates of mortality. Dysentery epidemics have been common throughout the years and explained by the high population density of Dharavi. Other reported epidemics include typhoid, cholera, leprosy, amoebiasis and polio.For example, in 1986, a cholera epidemic was reported, where most patients were children of Dharavi. Typical patients to arrive in hospitals were in late and critical care condition, and the mortality rates were abnormally high. In recent years, cases of drug resistant tuberculosis have been reported in Dharavi.

Fires and other disasters are common. For example, in January 2013, a fire destroyed many slum properties and caused injuries. In 2005, massive floods caused deaths and extensive property damage.

The COVID-19 pandemic also affected the slum. The first case was reported in April 2020.