Category: Courses

UNDERSTANDING LINKEDIN AS A BUSINESS MODEL

As we all know that ” Linked in ” corporation is one of the leading networking website which functions on describing user created profiles with their work experience, education and training, skills, and a personal photo so that users can find jobs, people and business opportunities recommended by someone in one’s contact network. Users can save jobs that they would like to apply for. Users also have the ability to follow different companies.

In the above para we discussed about the working of linked in corporation with user provided data but we can understand it’s business marketing strategies and it’s growth from initial stage in a clear manner when we see linked in as a business model.

Linked in was found on may 5, 2003 at mountain view, California, US by Reid Hoffman. Initially the company started getting it’s financing through the help of venture capitalist company and later it struggled to get investors in IPO but at the year of 2011 LinkedIn priced its IPO at $45 per share giving the company valuation of $4.5 billion but at the year of 2016 Microsoft announced the valuation of LinkedIn for $196 per share which in all cash transaction valued as $26.2 billion and acquired the company.

CHALLENGES THAT ARE ACCEPTED BY LINKEDIN :

As a networking site the first and foremost challenge faced by LinkedIn is data encryption of user along with the data encryption LinkedIn should also concentrate on following terms:

PRIORITISING LINKEDIN GROUPS: LinkedIn contains many community groups with managers to share/discuss ideas for improving their work/business. So, they have to arrange the groups with out arising any type of ambiguity.

CONSTANTLY CHANGING THE WAY OF ADVERTISING : We get too many irrelevant ads when we use LinkedIn. Sometimes, getting non-sink advertisements also creates a negative impact on the site. So, that it should constantly change the patterns of presenting adds with new algorithms to avoid negative footprints on site.

ARTICULATING THE DORMANT PROFILES: LinkedIn says it’s growing, but there are many inactive accounts that should be removed after a reasonable period of time by keeping the active users accounts effectively and let inactive users go by the wayside.

MAKING LINKEDIN FROM “HAVE TO” TO “WANT TO” FOR BUSINESS PROFESSIONALS: Many people are on LinkedIn because they feel that they “have to” be there for expanding their network but very few professionals LOVE logging in to their LinkedIn. So, to attract more people on internet then LinkedIn must use competitive content on it’s pulse.

MARKETING STRATEGIES APPLIED BY LINKEDIN:

LinkedIn used Traditional marketing strategy at its initial stage of growth. LinkedIn approached it’s users through branding it’s company with chocolates. Similarly, LinkedIn adopted several marketing strategies on internet for improving it’s sustainability.

Most of the business organisations put a great deal of effort into creating the perfect website, and invest a significant portion of the marketing budget on curating the ultimate customer experience. So for that purpose LinkedIn has created virtual circle of influence by combining LinkedIn marketing and remarketing on your website. In order to attract efficient business professionals LinkedIn promoted paid marketing system which can afford a wide variety of ad formats and business targeting opportunities.

LinkedIn provides sponsored content, sponsored messaging, Text adds and Dynamic adds which are considered as native ads that will appear in the viewer’s LinkedIn feed and it tends to be customer centric with helping it’s customers on getting control over their business marketing.

Overview of the company

One of the main reason for it’s sustainable marketing growth is, LinkedIn seamlessly fills in the fields and provides you with information it already knows about your prospect. The up side of this capability is that it reduces the user’s submission time, and also diminishes their friction to signing up for whatever you are offering to the opposite person .It also target the customised accounts for the profile that is provided by user and also allows you to run account based marketing campaigns, powered by LinkedIn data.

Finally, LinkedIn is particularly well-suited for personal branding and which actively manages one’s image and unique value to position oneself for career opportunities. LinkedIn has evolved from being a mere platform for job searchers into a social network which allows users a chance to create a personal brand. LinkedIn’s constant adoption and application of new technologies and new strategies in market has improved it’s standards and sustainability in the competitive corporate field.

HOW DOES SEARCH ENGINE GOOGLE WORKS?

Almost everyone of use google chrome for searching information today but do we ever think about how the google functions in order to give the accurate results. Today we are going to know about the functionality of search engine google.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT SEARCH ENGINE:

Search engine came into our world in the year of 1990 in the form of “archie”, which was an ftp indexing tool that allowed people to obtain certain files. A “ search engine “ is several interlinked mechanisms that work together to identify pieces of web content like images, videos , website pages, etc… based on the words you type in the search bar. The search engines always looks for the best solution, the right product, the most relevant video & the most accurate answers to better up the search experience of user.  

Search engine look simple from outside but that deceptively easy interchange requires a lot of computation and heavy lifting backstage. The too complicate matters in search engines are the algorithms used for searching. Most of the search algorithms are not only kept secret but are also constantly being changed and revised.  The hard work of search engine start it’s way before you make a search .Search engine work round-the-clock by gathering and organising information. 

FUNCTIONALITY OF A GOOGLE SEARCH ENGINE:

Understanding how a search engine works is vital to know about rank of a website. As the rank of a website is higher, the traffic that the website gets is also higher which leads to more income. The functioning of every search engine begins with the three-step process which is clearly explained in following steps:

CRAWLING:

Search engines rely on crawlers to scour the web information. Crawlers start out with a list of websites. The algorithms dictate crawlers about how many pages to crawl and how frequently.    A crawler is an internet bot that systematically browses the world wide web. Typically used by search engines . These crawlers are also called as spider.   Crawlers visit each site on the list systematically, following through tags like HREF & SRC to     jump to internal or external pages . Over time crawlers build an ever expanding map of interlinking pages

INDEXING & PAGE RANKING:

Once the content from web pages has been crawled, the web pages should be indexed based on the occurrence of multiple keywords.  When the web page content is indexing, the common elements are avoided and indexed information is stored in an organized manner. The organisation of indexed pages is called as page ranking. Search engines use algorithms for determining the rank of a web page.

PageRank is the first algorithm used by Google to evaluate web pages. It uses a simplistic model of web surfing to estimate the probability of browsing to each site on the internet. It uses the concept of random walks in a Directed Acyclic Graph.

The factors include in page ranking are Backlink quality, Mobile friendliness and how recently content was updated or Freshness. Engagement and Page speed. So, These three process steps play a vital role in “Search Engine” for query processing. The following video picturizes about the functionality of google search engine in a clear way.

CONCLUSION:

As billions of search queries per day are being performed in google, The quality of search results is closely monitored by google search quality team. The caffeine index of google takes up around 1,00,000,000 gigabytes and fills “server farms” , thousands of computers of google never get turned off around the globe. Google’s synonym system allows the search engine to recognize when groups of words mean the same thing.  For example: when you type “ dark coloured dresses”, search engine’s will results for black dresses as well as dark tones. That is the engine understands that dark as often synonymous with black

Finally, Google search engine is provided by Google LLC which is handling 40 billion indexed pages containing results along with advertisements in it. The three main reasons why internet user’s love google beside other search engines are because of it’s high quality results and regular updation of search algorithms. This is the reason why google has become most popular search engine even today in the world though it was developed at 1997 and it has almost 92% share of the global search engine market. 

Mother Earth – Our home planet

Earth is the only planet where life can exist.

Earth is also called Blue planet.

Blue planet

If we destroy the earth, we destroy the chance of life.

Earth is our mother as we born here,we grow here,we eat ,play and our whole life cycle take place on earth.
Earth  provide everything that we use today whether it is directly or indirectly.

Life existed on earth is as it is suitable for having an atmosphere, suitable temperature and water is present in its liquid form on Earth due to the position of Earth on solar system.

Earth is the third planet from the Sun at a distance of about 93 million miles (150 million km).

We called Mother earth because Earth provide everything to us like a mother. Our existence become possible only due to earth.
Everything that we needed to survive and thrive is only due to our mother earth it provide us  food, shelter, home , water, air, medicine , suitable temperature and everything that we need for our existence.
But we affect our mother Earth in various ways only for the sake of our greed.

Due to our greedy behaviour natural environment of Earth get changes.

Earth provides enough to satisfy Every man’s needs but not Every man’s greed

– Mahatma Gandhi

Earth day is celebrated on 22 April.

Thus ,there is a need to  save our mother Earth.

The optimal temperature of earth rises ,the glaciers are melting  and every type of pollution like air pollution water pollution ,soil pollution ,noise pollution every thing are going on its peak and that’s why why every living organism get affected by this.


Due to this anthropogenic action every single living organism get affected even when they don’t take part in this  destructive action.

Anthropogenic action is referred to as the action which is done by humans.

Impact of anthropogenic activities on  earth
First of all the major impact is  due to overpopulation –
● Due to overpopulation the overconsumption of resources are at its peak .
Even after the implementation of various sustainable act but it doesn’t make any major changes on environment.
● To fulfill the requirements of population we need more food supplies that’s why there is increase in uses of fertilizers and various chemicals to increase the food production.
■ And it will leads to lack of nutrients in grains ,soil infertility or or it may leads to desertification.
● To fulfill the requirements of people there is need to increase the land area so it has been observed that it leads to deforestation.
● Anthropogenic activities are responsible for an intensive emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, leads to an increase of 35% of carbon dioxide (CO2, greenhouse gases) emissions between 1990 and 2010.
● Emission of large amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases leads to rise in temperature of Earth, increase pollution and it causes various type of disease also.
● For affordable price and easy to use the production of plastic also increases.


These all are the the main factors that affect the ecosystems too.

Earth from space

Measures taken to save mother earth:-

  • Reduce, reuse and recycle
  • Choose sustainable development
  • Volunteer for clean up our environment
  • Choose long lasting light bulbs
  • Try to use renewable resource more than non-renewable resources
  • Save water
  • Plant more trees
  • Use public transport system
  • Try to avoid plastic use
  • Try to minimise pollution at individual level
  • Use reusable shopping bags
  • Educate others about anthropogenic activities or the impact of anthropogenic actions on our environment and what can we do to prevent its bad effects

Save earth, save home

Science and technology

Science is a systematic way which involves observation and experimentation in order to get knowledge and improve skill; whereas, technology is the practical application of science which helps in improving the quality of life.

New inventions in the field of science and technology play great role in the daily lives of people and making their life style advance. In order to keep students up-do-date and check their general knowledge about new inventions, they are given this topic to write essay on science and technology. Here we have provided some simple science and technology essay to help students to do better in their essay writing competition.

Photo by fauxels on Pexels.com

Science and technology are important parts of our day to day life. We get up in the morning from the ringing of our alarm clocks and go to bed at night after switching our lights off. All these luxuries that we are able to afford are a resultant of science and technology. Most importantly, how we can do all this in a short time are because of the advancement of science and technology only. It is hard to imagine our life now without science and technology. Indeed our existence itself depends on it now. Every day new technologies are coming up which are making human life easier and more comfortable. Thus, we live in an era of science and technology.

Essentially, Science and Technology have introduced us to the establishment of modern civilization. This development contributes greatly to almost every aspect of our daily life. Hence, people get the chance to enjoy these results, which make our lives more relaxed and pleasurable.

Benefits of Science and TechnologyIf we think about it, there are numerous benefits of science and technology. They range from the little things to the big ones. For instance, the morning paper which we read that delivers us reliable information is a result of scientific progress. In addition, the electrical devices without which life is hard to imagine like a refrigerator, AC, microwave and more are a result of technological advancement.Furthermore, if we look at the transport scenario, we notice how science and technology play a major role here as well.

We can quickly reach the other part of the earth within hours, all thanks to advancing technology.In addition, science and technology have enabled man to look further than our planet. The discovery of new planets and the establishment of satellites in space is because of the very same science and technology.Similarly, science and technology have also made an impact on the medical and agricultural fields. The various cures being discovered for diseases have saved millions of lives through science. Moreover, technology has enhanced the production of different crops benefitting the farmers largely.

India and Science and TechnologyEver since British rule, India has been in talks all over the world. After gaining independence, it is science and technology which helped India advance through times. Now, it has become an essential source of creative and foundational scientific developments all over the world. In other words, all the incredible scientific and technological advancements of our country have enhanced the Indian economy.Subsequently, science and technology have assisted in advancing various fields including Mathematics, Astrophysics, Space technology, Nuclear energy and more. Some fine examples of these developments are the railway system, smartphones, the metro system, and many more.

What is Social Disorganisation?

“Disorganisation is a disturbance of the balance existing in the functioning of parts . The criterion of disorganisation is the function of what is done or not done …” 

                           Ogburn and Nimkoff 

Human are part of nature and just like nature 

Humans have their own order . The orderliness depends on its internal strength to maintain its equilibrium . Society is said to be in equilibrium or orderliness as long as all the orders are functioned properly .

Whenever social equilibrium a severely disturbed ” social disorganisation ” sets in .Thus ” social disorganisation ” can be understood as nothing but the state of social disequilibrium in  which the smooth functioning of various parts of society gets disturbed .

Disruption or breakdown of the students of social relations and values resulting in the loss of social controls over individual and group behaviour is disorganisation .

Concept of Disorganisation 

The concept of ” disorganisation ” occupies a prominent place in modern sociological literature. 

The concept was developed by Thomas and Zanaiecki in their famous book , ” The Polish Peasant in Europe and America .”

According to them the term ” social disorganisation” refers to the decrease in the influence of the existing social rules of behaviour upon individual members .

Social Disorganisation is the process opposed to social organisation . Social organisation concept in an orderly relationship of parts .

Stuart A. Queen , Walter B Bolenjafter and Ernest B. Harper described social disorganisation in their book , ” Social Organisation and Disorganisation” as the counterpart of social organisation.

The term social organisation and social disorganisation are relative terms . They represent two aspects of the whole functioning of the social system

Comparing social disorganisation with social organisation Queen & Harper writes , 

” If social organisation means the development of relationships which persons and groups find mutually satisfactory , disorganisation means their replacement by relationships which are disappointed, thwarted ,wishes , irritation and unhappiness. “

Hence , When the social equilibrium is disturbed and society gets out of gear i.e get disorganized.

Definitions:-

Emile Durkheim defined social disorganisation as , 

“a state of disequilibrium and lack of social solidarity or consensus among the members of society.”

According to Mowever , social disorganisation is ” the process by which the relationships between members of a group are shaken “

Robert Eolofairs states , ” social disorganisation is a disturbance in the pattern and mechanism of human relations .”

According to Elliot and Merrill , ” Social disorganisation represents a breakdown in the equilibrium of forces , a decay in the social structure , so that old habits and forms of social control no longer function effectively.”

Thus , social organisation implies a breakdown in bonds of relationship , coordination , teamwork and morale among groups and interrelated persons so as to impair the functions of the society or smaller social organisation. ___________________________________________

Characteristics of Social Disorganisation 

• Conflicts of Mores and of Institutions :- Mores and institutions are part of every society which regulate the social life of members .

The urge to innovate and liberalise with the passage of time makes old mores and institutions less effective and leads to the rise of new ideas and institutions  according to new needs .

This leads to an unwanted conflict disturbing the social order and causing social consensus.

Many social practices , ideals and institutions relating to female education , patriarchal family , widow marriage , dowry system , sati system etc are examples of such  conflicts .

• Individuation :-  Man is more prone to think of himself and in terms of his own pleasure and leisure. The modern system has a great impact on individuation or individualistic aspects . The individuation affects the group behaviour of the society . Important issues such as education , marriage , occupation , etc , have become matters of individual decisions which are caused by the changing social values . This causes disturbance in social organisation and states towards disorganisation.

• Inconsistency between expectations and achievements :-  In disorganised society considerable inconsistency is visible between the expectations embodied in the social role and the extent to which these expectations can be realised by most persons.

When a large number of people in the society try to achieve goals in and anti – social manner there is a clear indication of the society being in a state of social disorganisation .

• Transfer of functions from one group to another :-  Society undergoes many changes of social groups  time to time due to its dynamic nature . These changes result in social disorganisation as many do not respond well with changing the group pattern or functions of group in the society .

• Inconsistency between status and rule :– Status and role of each individual are well defined . Changing social values and norms conditions may bring  the possibility of a conflict taking place between statuses of individuals and their roles .

Hence , disorganisation is characterized by an extreme uncertainty of social rules .

Types of Disorganisation 

Elliot and Merrill stated three types of disorganisation which are interrelated to each other .

Three types of disorganisation are :-

• Personal Disorganisation

He stated ,

the symptoms of persons disorganisation includes  juvenile delinquency , various types of crime , Insanity , drunkenness , suicide and gambling.

• Family disorganisation

It includes divorce , illegitimate births , desertion , venereal disease.

• Community Disorganisation.

It includes poverty, unemployment, overpopulation , lawlessness , and political corruption .

____________________________________________

Causes of Disorganisation 

Social disorganisation is a complex process. To face challenges of social disorganisation it is necessary to study the nature of its causes . There are a number of factors that cause social disorganisation .

According to Sorokin , social disorganisation is the result of cultural degeneration of values in various spheres like arts , religion , law , family , economy , etc. 

Hence , the change from Idealistic and ideational  culture to sensate culture is the main cause of disorganisation.

Elliot and Merril mentioned four major causes of disorganisation, ( •) the process under the three main heads :- cultural , political and economical.

(•) cultural Lag (•) conflicting attitudes and values (•) social crisis. 

G.R. Madan has listed few factors that causes disorganisation such as

•  psychological factors 

• physical and geographical factors.

• biological factors

• ecological factors

• Social problems 

• degeneration of Values 

Social disorganisation has been and is always present in every society. Society is in equilibrium as long as its parts are properly adjusted and fulfilled .Social Disorganisation breaks down the normal functioning of the parts and disturbances leading to some other kind of problems . Disorganisation leads to functional imbalance between various elements of social structure.

The remedies of social disorganisation can be taken after understanding the true nature of that particular  social control caused due to disorganisation.

___________________________________________

A Handy Checklist for Google My Business Spam

If you work in local SEO, you know that dealing with spam on Google My Business is going to be a constant battle. This is especially true if you work in industries like:

  • Legal
  • Health
  • Home services

We need to understand why Google My Business spam is so rampant.

Unfortunately, having keywords in your business name is a massive ranking factor. As an example, I performed a search for “emergency plumber Los Angeles” and here are the top three Google My Business listings ranking in the map pack:

Emergency plumber Los Angeles Google map pack

The first result (24 HR Emergency Plumber Los Angeles Inc) is a lead generation website, which is against Google My Business Guidelines. The second result appears to be a lead generation website, too. The third result? You guessed it, it’s another lead generation listing, they don’t even list a website! 

These companies sell leads to real plumbers at a hefty price. Clicking through View all to see all listings, you don’t find a real plumber until the 10th result! Outside of completely fake listings that need to be removed, sometimes competitors will keyword stuff their Google My Business name.

Our Google My Business Spam Checklists

There are two checklists: one for identifying potential listings violating Google My Business guidelines and the other is a reporting checklist.

The first checklist doesn’t need to be done frequently, but it would be beneficial to do it at least once. If your rank tracking is set up correctly for Google Maps, you will likely just need to pay attention to your map rankings. If you drop a position on a major keyword, what listing is outranking you now? If it’s a new listing, head to checklist no.2.

Checklist No.1:

  • On google.com/maps, make sure you’re in the area you want to find spammers
  • Use the search operator intitle:”keyword” to surface listings with the keyword in the business title 
  • Any listing that has the primary keyword is a Yellow flag
  • Any listing that is ONLY named the keyword is a Yellow flag
  • Any listing that has a modifier (-) is a Yellow flag
  • Any listing that has no website is a Yellow flag
  • On a Google Sheet, add the business name, address, phone number, website, and link to Google My Business listing for each Yellow flag listing
  • Repeat this process for each major keyword (topic) that you/your client covers
  • For good measure, perform a few raw searches in Maps as if you were a customer looking for the particular service, including the city name

This checklist enables you to find potential listings relatively quickly. These listings may be fake or could be completely legit. The second checklist will help us go through each listing, one-by-one, to build a case for the listing to be corrected or completely removed.

Checklist No.2:

Tip: (A “no” response on any checklist item will require documentation)

  • Use the state’s business name lookup. Is there a business registered at the address? 
  • From the listing, click on photos and then go to Street View and 360º.
    • Is there signage for the business?
    • Is it a personal residence?
  • In a new tab, do a search of the exact address/is the listing the only one at that address?
  • Visit the website. Is the branding/logo the same as the business name? 
    • Does the site have an about page with real people or company history?
    • Is the content heavily ‘SEO’d’ and generic?
    • Is the content focused on connecting users to someone else (lead gen)?
    • For industries that require a license, is one listed? If yes, is it a valid license?

This checklist should be used on each listing that has a Yellow flag.

Documenting Your Evidence

As you’re going through the checklist, you need to document all of your findings, this will be used when we submit the Business Redressal Form.

Open a Google Doc, name it appropriately, and let your documentation live there. Each listing should have it’s own Google Doc. The more detail you can provide in the document, the better. Some suggestions for added detail could include adding screenshots, external links with descriptions, etc. 

Suggest an Edit or the Redressal Form?

If you are reporting a competitor that is just keyword stuffing their business name and the location is legitimate, you may want to consider simply suggesting an edit first.

  • Pro tip: Do not use an email address that is associated with Google My Business listings. This can cause your other listings to be suspended. (h/t to my friend, Jason Brown).

If and/or when your suggested edit does not stick, then submit the redressal form. If the listing is fake, go straight to the Business Redressal Form.

Filling Out the Redressal Form

Follow the Business Redressal Form instructions and fill out the sections. When you get to the last section that allows you to explain why you’re requesting a redress, this is where your Google Doc is going to come in handy. 

In this field, you can’t add photos, but you are able to include a link to your Google Doc. When grabbing the Google Doc link, make sure it is viewable by anyone with the link. If it’s not, Google Support will not be able to see the contents. Don’t just drop the link and submit, provide some context, and then place the Google Doc link.
Submit.

Repeat the process for each and every listing that you believe needs to be removed. Google recommends: 

“If you have many URLs to report, we recommend submitting 10-100 at a time for a faster processing time. You can submit multiple URLs by clicking the ‘Add additional’ link or by uploading a spreadsheet with all the URLs.”

Now the hardest part begins, waiting. 

In your original spreadsheet, add a date column and add the date that the redressal form was submitted. Timelines can vary depending on multiple factors but if nothing has happened after 10 weeks, then you’ll need to reassess the redressal and look for further evidence.

Having to deal with spam on Google My Business is frustrating and can be time-consuming, but if done correctly, can help protect users from spammers and help real small businesses. For more tips, check out SEMrush’s post about their Google My Business checklist.

How to Download Windows 11 on Your PC:

How to Download Windows 11 on Your PC: Follow These Steps

Windows 11 is arriving to deliver you the best experience that Microsoft has designed this year. The new operating system is promised to start rolling out as a free upgrade to Windows 10 users later this year. But if you can’t wait and are looking for a way to download Windows 11 right away, you can certainly take a short route and download the Insider Preview build of the latest operating system on your system today. This will let you experience Windows 11 ahead of its public debut.

Microsoft has not given any exact timeline on when we will get Windows 11 as an upgrade on our Windows 10 machines. Nonetheless, the Redmond, Washington-based company is expected to roll it out by as early as October. This means that you would be able to get the new Windows version on your machine sometime later this year — or next year — depending on the rollout process.

How to download Windows 11 on your PC

Before beginning with the steps on how you can download Windows 11 Insider Preview on your PC, it is important to note that Insider Preview builds are specifically designed for testing purposes and are not meant to be installed on your primary PC. You would also experience some bugs and errors, and some of the features that Microsoft showcased last month are not a part of the Insider build. Still eager to get started?

You can follow the steps below.

  1. Sign up for the Windows Insider Program by going to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Insider Program. And then, press Register and Sign Up. If you’re already a part of the Windows Insider community, you can sign in to your account and click Start flighting.
  2. Review the Privacy Statement and terms appearing on your screen and click Submit.
  3. Select Dev Channel from the Insider settings to download and install the current Windows 11 build meant for Windows Insider Preview and hit the Confirm button.
  4. Your machine will now ask you to Read the Microsoft Insider Privacy Statement and Agreement. Once you have reviewed the statement and terms, click on Confirm.
  5. Now, press Restart Now to restart your machine to get the Insider Preview build.
  6. After restarting, make sure you are connected to an active Internet connection. You can then go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update and click the Check for updates button.
  7. Your PC will start downloading the latest build from a Microsoft server.

Notably, Windows 11 has certain minimum hardware requirements that must be met to download the Insider Preview build. You can check out those requirements from the Microsoft website.

Programming Language

Before learning the programming language, let’s understand what is language?

What is Language?

Language is a mode of communication that is used to share ideas, opinions with each other. For example, if we want to teach someone, we need a language that is understandable by both communicators.

What is a Programming Language?

A programming language is a computer language that is used by programmers (developers) to communicate with computers. It is a set of instructions written in any specific language ( C, C++, Java, Python) to perform a specific task.

A programming language is mainly used to develop desktop applications, websites, and mobile applications.

Types of programming language

1. Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language. The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter, so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast.

Low-level language is further divided into two parts –

i. Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language. It is also called as machine code or object code. Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form. It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs.

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language.

ii. Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors. It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and human-understandable form. It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language.

The advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program.

2. High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites. This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program).

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read, write, and maintain.

High-level programming language includes Python, Java, JavaScript, PHP, C#, C++, Objective C, Cobol, Perl, Pascal, LISP, FORTRAN, and Swift programming language.

A high-level language is further divided into three parts –

i. Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept. It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions.

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE, Adobe Dreamweaver, or Microsoft Visual Studio.

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program.

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program.

Example: C, FORTRAN, Basic, Pascal, etc.

ii. Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects. In this programming language, programs are divided into small parts called objects. It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, etc in the program to makes the program resusable, efficient, and easy-to-use.

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute, maintain, modify, as well as debug.

Note: Object-Oriented Programming language follows a bottom-up approach.

Example: C++, Java, Python, C#, etc.

iii. Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English, Russian, German, and Japanese. It is used by machines to understand, manipulate, and interpret human’s language. It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation, automatic summarization, Named Entity Recognition (NER), relationship extraction, and topic segmentation.

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds.

3. Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming language and high-level programming language. It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language.

A middle-level programming language’s advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming, it is a user-friendly language, and closely related to machine language and human language.

Example: C, C++, language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know, the programming language makes our life simpler. Currently, all sectors (like education, hospitals, banks, automobiles, and more ) completely depend upon the programming language.

There are dozens of programming languages used by the industries. Some most widely used programming languages are given below –

Do you know about Maritime laws in india ? Let’s see some marine offenses

Definition of maritime laws :

In its counterparts as public law , it widely known as “the law of sea “. It also called Admiralty law. the process of carrying goods through sea, rules concerning protection and maintenance of ships at sea, registration and damage to ships, marine insurance etc. , is covered under maritime laws .

As india is surrounded by water from the three sides , it created nature condition for Marin trade after the water territorial trade started.

Legislations prior to Independence : maritime laws in India were governed under the British government. There are some of the regulations which deal with various aspects of maritime in India.

  • Coasting Vessels Act, 1838
  • Indian Registration of Ships Act, 1841,
  • Admiralty Offences (Colonial) Act, 1849
  • Inland Steam Vessels Act, 1917
  • Indian Ports Act, 1908
  • Control of Shipping Act, 1947

Legislations after independence : after the  independence sea laws mostly governed under article 297 of the constitution. And there are different lex on waters, continental shelf, EEZ and other maritime zones.

Some of the acts are there , for maritimes affairs . This are

  • The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958
  • The Admiralty (Jurisdiction and Settlement of Maritime Claims) Act, 2017. 
  • Article 297 of the constitution

Marines crimes , are frequent offenses which  have been committing in sea . There are some marine offences mentioned below –

  • Maritime Piracy
  • Smuggling Exotic plants and animals
  • Unauthorized entry
  • Illegal Carrying of Weapons and artillery
  • Maritime Drug trafficking
  • Maritime Human Trafficking
  • Discharging in Ocean Waters
  • Sailing or fishing in unauthorized areas–
  • Tax evasion

Maritime piracy is an illegal act of violence, detention or destruction against a ship , on person or property, for private purposes, by the crew or passengers of a private ship . Piracy also includes inciting and intentionally facilitating such acts of violence, and voluntarily participating in the operation of a pirate ship . Pushiment for piracy is prescribed in anti maritime piracy bill 2019 , that is (i) life imprisonment ; or (ii) death , if the act of piracy is caused or seek to cause death.

Smuggling Exotic plants and animals : For a ship without authorization, its illegal to do Smuggling of exotic plants and animals for wildlife smuggling. This is because wildlife smuggling involves the isolation of plants and animals. When they arrived at the destination, they may not be able to adapt to the new place. Animals may also cause vulnerable diseases in people. And it may also leads to the serious illness or death of animals . To smuggle Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora , is crime in maritime law.

Unauthorized entry : the ship must seek permission from government of that nation , For entry in a nation’s marine boundary . Sailing on that nation’s waters without a permission is a maritime crime and punishable in all countries. And a person who illegally and secretly boards and hides in to the ship, without the consent of ship owner and master, to travel into international waters to reach some other country without any monitory payment and legal documents , is known as stowaway.

Illegal Carrying of Weapons and Artillery : to carry weapons and artillery, throughout the water territory of any country , which is not legally bonded , is a martime offence .Goods which are sensitive in nature can be transported by specific ships only . Bringing in weapons on a ship, is not authorized , it is a punishable offense.

Maritime Drug trafficking : maritime drug trafficking means transportation of illegal drugs produced in this region to global consumer markets through using ships . To sell drug, is illegal in itself and trafficking of it become more severe offence .

Maritime Human Trafficking : maritime Human Trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act , through exporting victim in other country vie ships .

Discharging in Ocean Waters : it refers to the sewage discharge done by the vessels and ships in the water territory of any nation . Marine pollution is a serious issue and almost all countries have strict policies against ships discharging sewage or oil into their coastal waters.

Sailing or fishing in unauthorized areas : it’s an offence to do sailing in an areas of water territory where the sailing or fishing is not allowed .

Tax evasion : ship owners trying to evade taxes through false documentation or incorrect representation of cargo material have been increasing rapidly, posing a threat to maritime security. It’s a white collar crime.

Books by Durjoy Datta

Well you must be living under a rock if you don’t know who is this person,

So, Durjoy Datta is an Indian author and screenwriter known for his coffee-table novels about the romantic life of young Indians. His books are in simple language and they are basically for particular age group they are just for 18 to 25 year old people but if you are someone who is beginner in Reading world than I think you should must Read books by Durjoy Dutta

also, the language is so simple and easy that you don’t need to have a good vocabulary

some books that I must recommend and you should definitely try are :

  • 1. Of Course I Love You ..! Till I Find Someone Better
  • 2. World’s Best Boyfriend
  • 3. A Touch of Eternity

A must recommended would definitely be a touch of eternity this is something different from just a normal romantic love story, it has all.

HAPPY READING !!

Why English? How it plays a major role in our lives?!!

English is a Global language that helps us communicate with each other regardless of where we are! There are billions of people in over 49 countries who speak English. When we talk about the importance of English some people may get bored because it is an ancient topic that we discuss often. We talk in English to express our ideas and thoughts with people of our country and other countries. Nowadays, English has been a very common language that influences our daily lives other than our mother tongue.

Pencils Watercolor Brush And Wood On White Background Word English Stock Photo - Download Image Now - iStock

English plays a major role in our daily life. It is an essential language to be learned in this fast growing world. Ever since our childhood, our parents and teachers says often that English plays a vital role in our future. We want to improve our communication skills to shine in our lives. Nowadays, the Internet and social media play a huge role in promoting English as communicative language. This is the reason why non-English speaking countries make them learn better English.

Learn English Word Cloud Concept Stock Photo, Picture And Royalty Free Image. Image 64154147.

ENGLISH IN BUSINESS

In business, the vitality of the English language is more important. It can often be called as business language. This is the basic reason why the companies hire people with good English and communication skills. This reduces their high pressure and makes a better future for their colleagues and themselves. There is always a preference for the people who are good in English personnel at global level. If you want to shine as a business analyst, consultant, social media analyst, etc., learn better. English to establish yourself in your fields.

ENGLISH IN EDUCATION

The importance of English in education, it makes people open their minds and establish their thoughts as words and make them a better person. Learning English appropriately and master in non-lingual subjects (Economics, Commerce, History etc.,) make them blossom in their respective fields. Students working hard to go abroad for higher studies or research, the ability to read and write English is a must. If a person could not communicate or write well in English, the percentage of selecting them will be very low.

The only thing to be worried is that we Indians make common mistakes that makes it more difficult.

WHY IMPORTANT?!

Learn English word cloud collage, ... | Stock vector | Colourbox

English is essential not only for getting a job, studying abroad, and so on. We should not be material or goal-oriented but we should think more, how English improves our ability and communicative skills. Communicative skills and the ability to do so will determine the success and failure of life and other deeds.

Learning English is not that difficult and any interested people can learn it better to improve their standard of living. Though learning a new language is a bit hard, we should pull ourselves together to learn better. Those who moves forward to learn English being very interested in it, are the ones who communicate with major people across the world without fear. English helps in improving your confidence level to some extent. English has become the one to develop the personality of an individual. So, learn English; shine bright!!

THE ENGLISH IS NOBODY’S SPECIAL PROPERTY. IT IS THE PROPERTY OF IMAGINATION: IT IS THE PROPERTY OF LANGUAGE ITSELF.

DEREK WALCOTT

JEE MAINS 2021:

The JEE (Main) 2021 session 4 will now be held on 26th, 27th and 31st August, and on 1st and 2nd September 2021

How To Attempt Computer Based Questions Answer

The JEE (Main) 2021 session 4 will now be held on 26th, 27th and 31st August, and on 1st and 2nd September 2021, informed Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan on Thursday. The National Testing Agency (NTA) has been advised to provide a gap of four weeks between session 3 and session 4 of the JEE(Main) 2021 Exam, he said.

A total of 7.32 lakh candidates have already registered for JEE(Main) 2021 session 4. Registrations for the JEE (Main) session 4 is still in progress and dates for registration will be further extended upto 20th July.

Earlier, the third edition of engineering entrance exam was scheduled to be held from July 20 to 25 and the fourth edition from July 27-August 2. However, the exam was postponed due to Covid situation.

The NTA had stated that the remaining two sessions of the JEE (Main) —2021 would resume from July 20, 2021. In order to address the pandemic, the number of cities had been increased from 232 to 334.

Earlier this month, the NTA said that the postponed sessions of the JEE-Main exam would be conducted at 828 centres in all sessions instead of the previous 660.

“In order to address the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, the number of cities have been increased from 232 to 334. The number of examination centres in every shift will also be increased from 660 to 828,” said Sadhana Parashar, senior director of NTA.

The admit card for the third session of the JEE-Main 2021 has been released by the the testing agency. According to a document of the NTA, candidates who had applied earlier for “session 3 (April 2021) (postponed) BE/BTech Paper I” were given time between 6 to 8 July to modify their particulars.

This year, the examination authority is giving students a choice to answer 75 questions (25 each in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics) out of 90 (30 each in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics).

Merit list/ranking will be prepared based on the best score of candidates.

JEE Main 2021 is also being conducted in 13 languages including Hindi, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

Happiness

Happiness is a state of mind which we possess when something good happens to us and we feel that goodness at our heart. This is an abstract feeling which is not materialistic and cannot be bought by money or some other possession. Happiness brings with itself a lot of positivity and also provides us with the motivation to go ahead and achieve other milestones. Happiness also maintains the zeal and enthusiasm for doing things and experiencing new paths. Happy state of mind also increases the age of people and lets them live a longer life.

Happiness is a key to healthy life; it sets a soul free and encourages it to explore the world and also gives us power. Happiness is a part of being successful in life it is that fruit which we all want to grow and thus we do so much of hard work throughout our entire life so that we can live a happy peaceful life after all. Happiness cannot be ever faked it comes straight out from our heart and it is priceless. At the end of a hard-earned day all we care for is some peace and happiness in our families and ourselves so that we can start another fresh day ahead.

4 levels of Happiness :

” Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence” . Of course, there are a number of different types of happiness and each person has different things in life that make them happy and unhappy. It is important for people to be self- aware and to truly understand what makes them happy and content as individuals. Take a look at the different types of happiness below and think about the things in your life that maku you happy.

There are main types of happiness, these being related to; pleasure, passion and purpose.

Pleasure :

Pleasure is important to us human beings but its related benefits are relatively short term. A delicious meal, a nice meeting with friends or listening to our favourite music all produce endorphins and offerus happy moments that can be the highlights of our day. However, these singular moments don’t equate to long- term satisfaction.

Passion :

Being passionate about something whether a hobby cause or group activity and actively being involved with it can be a great source of happiness. These activites deliver contentment in the medium term and provide a sense of achievement and variety in life

Purpose :

Feeling like you are part of something bigger than yourself and that your actions will really matter can lead to a deep sense of fulfillment and long- term happiness. We all like to think that our lives have menaing and if you can find your ” calling” or be part of great team, group or organisation that are making a difference then chances are you will be truly happy.

Ultimate Good :

The fourth level of happiness is known as ultimate good. This is a fundamental desire we have as human beings for perfect truth, goodness beauty and love . Many people find this form of happiness through their religious beliefs. Even those who don’t believe in a higher power can find happiness in their pursuit of truth, beauty, love and goodness in themselves and in helping others. This level is happiness is often considered the most enduring and profound.

Different types of Happiness :

1. Joy :

Joy is when you win a hard- fought competition, you finally accomplish a project you’ve wanted to or times when you doible over in uncontrolled laughter when someone relates a hilarious story. Joy makes you feel great about yourself, makes you feel confident, assertive, capable, loved and fulfilled.

The feeling of joy is fleeting joy is presemt at the moment. It is possible to feel joy despite grief or uncertainty. Happiness can be found in many things. It transforms tough times into blessimgs and turns heartache into gratitude.

2. Love :

Second, on the list pf different types of happiness is love. Which means other things to different people still, a wholesome ,reciprocared love with another person seems to be the fundamental predictor of happiness. Here, we are not just talking about romantic love, it means to love with friends and family, as well as partners. When you’re in love, you’ re blissfully happy all the time.

3. Contentment :

The secret of Happiness is contentment which means a state of happiness or satisfaction . It isn’t a matter of being satisfied with what you have. Contentment not only holds the power tobmake you happy, but it will transforms your life in many ways.

4. Optimism :

Optimism is a type of happiness that reflects the belief that events or experience outcomes will generally be positive. The key to attaining happiness is to have an optimistic approach to life, as optimism reflects hope and faith, helping people believe that this world is the right place

5. Gratitude :

Gratitude creates positive emotions, like different types of happiness, joy, love, and contentment, it can undo the hold of negative emotions. It goes hand in hand with mindfulness in its focous on the present and greatfulness for what we have now, rather than wanting more and more.

6. Excitment :

Excitment can be anything from about a new job or moving to a different place and motivates youbto work harder and channel that positive energy into more constructive activity. Excitements is fleeting. It dissipates rather quickly and can turn into ennui. It sometimes acts as a motivating factor , and execitment often leads people to likely make a decision. Even a bad one as excitment leads to impulsivity.

7. Pride :

Last on the list of different types of happiness is pride. Yes, pride and happiness go hand in hand. You can take pride in your work and your family, your haome and yourself, and in anything you put effort, attention, and love into. It is a positive feeling in reactive to a jouous event.

There are 7 essential keys to happiness and success that will help to materialize both those things in your life:

* Gratitude.

* Be present

* Manage time Effectively

* Set smarter Goals

* Embody an Empowering morning Routine

* Tackle the MITs

* Focus on Health and wellbeing.

To get the most bang for the happiness buck, I’ve realized that I should complete four stages of reveling in a moment of happiness :

* Anticipate with pleasure.

* Savor the moment as I experience it,

* express my happiness to myself or others,

* reflect on a happy memory.

Four happy hormones :

* Dopamine

* serotonin

* Endorphins

* oxytocin

Strategies of Happiness :

* Do more activities that truely engage you

* savor life’s joy

* Learn to forgive

* Practice acts of kindness

* Nature relationships

* cultivate optimisim

* Avoid overthinking and social comparison

* Develop strategies for coping

STAY HAPPY 🤩AND KEEP SMILING ALWAYS😁 .BE HAPPY 🥳

START YOUR OWN BUSINESS PART-2

From the previous article, we learned about how important passion and profession are. What are the simplest ways to earn money from some of the businesses and most probably with the lowest investments. In this part, we will uproot some more businesses which can give you a stable income and highly demanded fields.

BAKING BUSINESS:

Baking business is one of the simplest ways to earn money. If you are great at cooking and love to bake this will be the best way for you to follow your passion. You can bake different types of delicious cakes. People always would love to have homemade foods and things. Thus, they will crave cakes too… You can even start this in your kitchen with a regular oven and other materials. You can even do chocolates, cookies. Sweets are the best to gift someone. Thus, there will be no negative statements to this idea. If you are also a creative person you can decorate and wrap them beautifully to attract the audience.

BOOK MERCHES:

Book merches are none other than book-related things and products. for Example, If you are a fan of The Chronicles of Narnia books or movies You can create some bookish merch which is related to the theme of NARNIA. Like, A printed coffee mug with a book theme (A famous quote or picture of the characters in the mug), enamel pins with the image of The Lion Aslan. Badges with the images or the quotes from the books. Postcards stamps, T-shirts even you can do a scarf with the quotes like a newspaper look. Most of the readers would love to have them in their showcase as well as in their Book photographs. And you can sell, key chains, bookmarks, bags, wallets, book sleeves, tote bags, Polaroids photos, watches necklace rings anything and everything related to books. There is a huge demand for these things among book bloggers and collectors. Especially, if you did customized products.

WORKSHOPS:

Conducting workshops is merely like teaching online or offline. It depends on your comfort zone. If you know any of the passions that are mentioned above or upcoming ideas or even any other related ideas you can do them to start your own workshop. For example, If you know mandala artworks you can teach them online or offline and for teaching them you can collect some amount as tuition fees. Remember, teaching is one of the precious Jobs in the whole world knowledge is not free. Even though if it comes free it’s not easy to teach someone. You should have some passion for teaching. And you should provide notes instructions videos and other requirements about the Art that you want to teach. Some of the ideas that you can carry out, if you know any of examples like, Journal makings, skincare products making, baking, Fashion designings, paper making, language skills if you have any bilingual skills like, German, French, Spanish, English, and Japanese, etc You can teach them and can get loads of money. Because students love learning new languages and there is a huge demand for bilingual People.


If you have passion for anything from the above… Start to develop the skill to take up as a passionate business. Most of the billionaires started from nothing. If they can why you can’t? If you can’t then who can? Let’s make our passions into actions.

Towards Data Science

With the gradual increase in data day by day, the need for its storage also grew. This was a big challenge in front of the enterprise industries until 2010. The prime objective was to build a framework and solution to store data. This is where Data Science came to the rescue.

Today, in this article we’ll get a sneak peak into Data Science and its related infos and probably by the end of this article, you will be able to understand what Data Science is and its role in extracting meaningful insights from the complex and large sets of data. 

What is Data Science?

Data science is the field of study that integrates domain expertise, programming skills, and knowledge of mathematics and statistics to extract meaningful insights from data.

It can also be defined as the process of using algorithms, methods and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data. It is a blend of various tools, algorithms, and machine learning principles with the goal to discover hidden patterns from the raw data.

Who is a Data Scientist?

In the most simple term, a Data Scientist is one who knows the art of Data Science. Data scientists are the ones who crack complex data problems with their strong expertise in certain scientific and mathematical disciplines. They draw a lot of information from the scientific fields and applications whether it is statistics or mathematics and apply it to the raw data to generate useful insights.

Why Data Science is Important?

Data Science is important in order to generate maximum value from a raw set of data for any business. The insights that a data scientists generates is very useful to drive business decisions and take actions intended to achieve business goals.

The Pillars of Data Science

Although there are numerous skills and expertise that are highly desirable in Data Science, but these are the four major areas in my opinion :

  • Business/Domain
  • Mathematics (Particularly Stats and Probability)
  • Computer Science
  • Communication Skills

Data Scientist vs Data Analyst vs Data Engineers

Data Analyst
Data Analyst is the one who analyzes numeric data and uses it to help companies make better decisions.

Data Engineer
The job of a Data Engineer is to prepare data.

Data Scientist
The Data Sceintist analyzes and interprets complex data.

Is it worth to go with Data Science in 2021 ?

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there will be a tremendous growth in the data science field which will lead to an increase in the number of jobs by about 28% through 2026. If we convert this 28 % in numbers then it will be roughly 11.5 million new jobs in the field.

And reasons that make favour Data Science as a very good career option are the high demand for Data Scientist while the supply is still low. Also there is lack of competition for these jobs in comparison to the other trending job options. These factors combined together makes this field a very lucrative and smooth option as a career path.