Biomass is waste material from plants or animals that is not used for food or feed; it can be waste from farming (like wheat stalks) or horticulture (yard waste), food processing (like corn cobs), animal farming (manure), or human waste from sewage plants.
Electricity generated by Biomass
Power Generation
In a direct combustion system, biomass is burned in a combustor or furnace to generate hot gas, which is fed into a boiler to generate steam, which is expanded through a steam turbine or steam engine to produce mechanical or electrical energy. Biomass is the boiler fuel that produces steam to operate a steam turbine and generator to make electricity. Several components required like furnace , boiler , pumps , fans , steams , turbines , generator, condenser, cooling tower .
Scope
India produces a huge quantity of biomass material in its agricultural, agro-industrial, and forestry operations. Over 500 million tonnes of agricultural and agro-industrial residue alone is generated every year. This quantity, in terms of heat content, is equivalent to about 175 million tonnes of oil. This quantity of biomass is sufficient to generate 15 000–25 000 MW of electrical power. Electricity can also be generated from biomass grown on wastelands, road and rail track side plantations, etc. The total electricity generation potential from biomass could reach a figure of about 100 000 MW.
Advantages
Renewable
Carbon Neutrality : Biomass reduces this because the fuel is a natural part of the carbon cycle, unlike oil and other fossil fuels. The only carbon that is released into the atmosphere from biomass fuels is what was absorbed by the plants during their lifecycles.
Less Dependency on Fossil Fuels
Low Cost in Comparison To Fossil Fuels
It Reduces Waste
Availability : Much like with the sun and water, they can be found practically anywhere on the planet.
The aim of education should be building of character and not merely injecting of information.
– Pranab Mukherjee.
Education is a learning process that enables students and adults in a school community to understand, care about and act on core ethical values.
Learn the value of respect, justice, civic virtue and citizenship, and responsibility for not only themselves but also for others.
Education gives us the knowledge we need to know what dangers in society are and how to deal with them properly.
Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education. The complete education gives one not only power of concentration but worthy objectives upon which to concentrate.
– Martin Luther King Jr
Important aim of teaching should be producing students with good moral and skills for life.
Confidence and resilience are two character traits that are essential for success in the workplace.
As we all know, we faces various challenges after school life. We do not comfort with our good grade but we feel comfort with the character traits like confidence and resilience.
People with Confidence deals with well interview and prospect the more responsibility the within a job or any role.
People with resilience character, deals with failure rejection and various unseen obstacles in life. They face problems rather than wasting time on worrying about Minor failures. They always try to keep growing.
Education is the key to build characters
Producing students with good grades are not enough for them to face various kinds of challenges in their life. Good grapes are not going to help them for their fruitful life. But preparing students with good ethics, good Morals, social skills and life skills are really going to help them for their future challenges.
In today’s world the schools are focusing on student and forces them for good grades in academic. Parents also want their child to gain good grades in academics. but in future only good return are not going to work anymore. A person with with good grades and without any social or soft skills or ethics they faces competitions only.
Thus, focusing on building character is also very important for us.
Biodiversity describes the whole range of the different varieties of living things and systems of this earth. Biodiversity can be found everywhere – it includes animal species, plant species, genes, ecosystems and landscapes. Biodiversity is what allows ecosystems to work and flourish. Over millions of years many different species of plants and animals have come to live in the same habitats. Over time they balance each other and hold the ecosystem together. And this biodiversity has been facing a constant decline and adversity. As humans become greedier, we forget our roots and the sole source that keeps us alive and goes on exploiting all the resources available to us in order to gain large profits.
For billions of years the loss of biological diversity has been caused by gradual natural occurrences such as glaciation or extreme events such as volcanic eruptions. However, for the last few thousand years the main cause has been the growth of human population and the enormous pressure we exert on the planet. We transform our natural ecosystems into agricultural fields and urban areas, we release pollutants, CO2 and invasive species into the environment which damages our ecosystems. Our economic pursuits have led to the extinction of many animal and plant species. When a species is removed (biodiversity is reduced) the ecosystem can lose its balance, causing it to break down. One iconic example of this is sea otters in kelp forests along the California coast. Sea otters feed on sea urchins and sea urchins feed on kelp. If sea otters are removed sea urchins multiply, eating large portions of the kelp forest, destroying the habitat and eventually leading to the death of other animals that live there. The whole ecosystem falls apart. The loss of biodiversity is therefore compromising the quality of our lives. The grave importance and impact that our biodiversity has on us has been described in the previous answer. Biodiversity acts as our main base for ecological balance in the world. If this balance is destroyed, there’s no doubts that destruction will be upon us.
Therefore, if we ignore our responsibilities in protecting the biodiversity we will inevitably end up destroying our future. Thus, it is important for us to conserve our biodiversity. Biodiversity conservation refers to the protection, upliftment, and management of biodiversity in order to derive sustainable benefits for present and future generations. Here are some ways that we can conserve biodiversity.
(1) Government legislation – Governments have the power to control what is done to the habitats within their country. Legislation that protects natural habitats by outlawing development, harvesting of natural resources, or other human exploitation has a huge impact on maintaining natural biodiversity. Protecting habitats before they have been altered is the best form on biodiversity conservation and is most successfully implemented by government regulations.
(2) Plant local flowers, fruits and vegetables – Research the plants and vegetables that are local to your area and grow a variety. Each plant and vegetable helps to protect biodiversity and supports the wider ecosystem of your local area.
(3) Conserve Your Water Use – Fresh bodies of water are essential to biodiversity. Reducing the amount of water you use, by having a 5-minute shower or not running the water when washing up the dishes, can help protect vital wetlands. Plant scientists are also working to help conserve by developing crop varieties that use less water.
(4) Reducing amount of invasive species – Invasive species are sometimes introduced to an area on purpose, but also sometimes by accident. To limit the number of invasive species moved by accident planes, ships, and cargo must be thoroughly checked before it is offloaded in a new country. Additionally, people should not bring new species of animals or plants to an area without consulting ecologists knowledgeable on the region.
(5) Reduce, Reuse and Recycle – Recycling lessens pollution by decreasing energy, electricity, and water consumption and the need for landfills. Not only can you recycle bottles and cans, but your local recycling centre will usually allow you to recycle clothes, electrical goods and batteries. (6) Support Farmers – Farmers play a key role in conserving biodiversity. With the help of biotechnology and plant science, farmers can grow more food on the same amount of land. This takes the pressure off the need to convert natural habitats into farmland.
(7) Maintenance of Wetlands – Maintain wetlands by conserving water and reducing irrigation. Avoid draining water bodies on your property. (8) In-situ conservation methods – The most effective way for us to conserve biodiversity with our present knowledge is probably in-situ conservation, that is the conservation of species within their natural habitats. Sometimes direct measures can be taken to protect a species or ecosystem, like creating a wildlife refuge or bird sanctuary.
(9) Ex-situ conservation methods – In some situations, though ex-situ conservation methods are essential. That is, the conservation of biological diversity outside of the natural habitats. We are all familiar with efforts to save the last members of endangered species by capturing them from the wild and transporting them to a zoo where many of their natural threats are removed, their health can be monitored and breeding efforts made. The goal is to grow the population and reintroduce them to their natural habitat. Some plants that can no longer survive in nature unaided are candidates for ex-situ conservation. These are generally maintained in botanical gardens. In addition to plant tissue, microbial cultures are collected and saved.
(10) Purchase of environmental-friendly products – Use environmentally friendly products. Dispose of hazardous material safely. Chemicals that enter the sewer system can contaminate freshwater and ocean ecosystems.
(11) Take a Walk – Climate change can have devastating consequences for biodiversity. Reducing your carbon footprint by taking the bus or walking can help protect it. Plant scientists are also working to combat climate change every day. One example is through innovative developments in conservation till age, which uses less fuel and therefore reduces the emission of greenhouse gases.
(12) Educate Yourself and Those Around You – Learn as much as you can about nature and share your knowledge with others. Educating people about the importance of biodiversity conservation increases public awareness of the issue. Visit ecological interpretation centres, natural history museums, and native fish hatcheries to study local ecosystems. Volunteer at an organization that focuses on conservation or restoration of habitat.
Biodiversity is the utmost gift that we are blessed with and it is our duty to preserve it and let our future generations enjoy the benefits of it as much as we did. As E.O. Wilson rightly said, we should learn to use our biodiversity in the right manner, understand its connect with humanity and learn its importance because it is the most priceless possession we can ever have.
Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, is credited for the four noble truths. The Four Noble Truths contain the essence of Buddha’s teachings and principles that he gained after enlightenment.
The Four Noble Truths are as followed:
The truth of suffering
The truth of the cause of suffering
The truth of the end of suffering
The truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering
The First Truth talks about the identification and acceptance of the presence of suffering. Buddha says that life is not ideal as it often fails to live up to our expectations. The only things that are certain and unavoidable are old age, sickness and death.
Buddhism encourages its followers to view the world with a pragmatic approach and see the world as it is. Free from any illusions or enchantments.
The Second Truth, seeks to determine the cause of suffering. Buddhism says that the root-cause of all sufferings is desire and ignorance. This comes in three forms known as the Three Roots of Evil, or The Three Fires or The Three Poisons.
Buddha says that these three roots of evil are
Greed and desire
Ignorance or delusion
Hatred and destructive urges
Buddha explains that desire is the craving for pleasure, material goods and immortality and all these are wants that can never be satisfied. Therefore, desiring them can only bring sufferings. Although he does clarify that there are positive desires like the desire for enlightenment, good wishes for others, desire to learn, teach etc.
About Ignorance, Buddha says that ignorance is not being able to see the world as it actually is. He argues that, without the capacity for mental concentration and insight, one’s mind is left undeveloped, making it unable to grasp the true nature of things and leading to vices such as envy, hatred, anger and greed.
The Third Noble Truth, the truth of the end of suffering, talks about the possibility of liberation from suffering. Buddha taught that the way to extinguish desire (the root-cause of all sufferings), is to liberate oneself from attachment.
The Third Nobel Truth also has a dual meaning suggesting,
Either the end of suffering in this life, on earth or
In the spiritual life, through achieving Nirvana (after death)
Buddha was the living example of the former.
The Fourth Noble Truth, prescribes the method for attaining the end of suffering. This prescription is known as the Noble Eightfold Path, which is as followed.
Right Understanding
Right Thought
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
These eightfold paths are further divided into 3 themes.
Good Moral Conduct (Understanding, Thought< Speech)
Mediation and Mental Development (Action, Livelihood, Effort)
Wisdom or insight (Mindfulness and Concentration)
My View on the four noble truths
I do agree to some extent that one should pursue to reduce sufferings in life. However, concentrating only on the elimination of suffering is not the ultimate goal of life, because this will deprive us from seeing the other beauties of life. When we consider pleasure and happiness as a desire that we should aim to extinguish, I believe that one would not really be able to live their life to the fullest. Life for me, is the combination of sad, happy, boring and all other moments, that challenge us to grow into a better person.
Apart from this, the fourth noble truth, the eightfold path, is an extremely difficult thing to stick to. In our ordinary lives we as humans tend to make mistakes, tend to do wrong things and learn from them. The eightfold path requires us to be all good which is an extremely difficult command and requires one to be fully devoted to the Buddhism Teachings. This makes it extremely difficult to attain enlightenment, which is why, after Buddha, there have not been many people who were able to truly attain enlightenment in their lives.
Growing mentally and growing physically are two completely different things. Growing mentally refers to a person’s psychological growth the way we think and deal with different situations, and by what methods we develop and disseminate information. Growing up physically refers to a person’s physical growth like increased height, strength, and health. It can also refer to the development of your brain. ” The key to success is to keep growing in all areas of life mental emotional, spiritual as well as physical.” A healthy body can help your mind stay strong.when your body isn’t fit, it’s tougher to make challenging decisions. Some of the tips will help you to improve both simultaneously.
ENRICH YOUR MIND :
keep challenging yourself to learn new things. By doing this, will gain more knowledge about things around you, and you will learn how to utilize things in a better way. Don’t let yourself get stuck in one place, either mentally or physically. Be proactive, curious, conscious and informed about the world.
Use your brain more often by doing brain exercises:
Exercising your brain means using it more. Generally the brain takes part in everything we do, but there are some types of activities which are specifically exercise our brains. Activities like doing puzzles, playing games like chess or scrabble, solving numerical problems, studying difficult topics and changing your dexterity, spatial reasoning and logic. Doing these mental exercises daily can sharpen your mind , and it can be an excellent way to strengthens neural links in your brain.
CONSUME NUTRIENTS THAT ARE GOOD FOR BRAIN:
Take in nutrients which are good for your brain. Foods that have antioxidants like vitamin c,e,b etc are good for the brain.consuming almonds and apple juice is also good for sharpening the brain.
THINK CRITICALLY :
when we hear, read or work on something, It is very important than we question everything and pay attention to details.such an approach can improve our thinking ability because it requires more brain work than mere observations.
DO PHYSICAL EXERCISES :
A healthy body means a healthy mind; regular exercise has a positive influence our brains function. The brain takes in nutrients from the blood, which makes the brain healthier. Physical exercise is essential for enhancing mental power .
EAT HEALTHY FOODS :
spend some time to examine which kinds of food bring you up and which foods bring down. Creating a diet plan can make you feel good, and gives you a sense of self-development. This will boost your sense of success.
GET BETTER SLEEP AND TAKE NAPS:
Get as much sleep as you need, around Seven or eight hours, every night. While sleeping well does not guarantee good health, it does help you to maintain many vital functions. Perhaps most importantly sleep helps you recover from the wear and tear of daily life. Major healing functions in the body such as tissue repair, music and mental growth occur almost exclusively during sleep.
SPEED TIME WITH PEOPLE :
Build a good support system with the people around you. Whether it’s your family, friends, or something else, find a group of people who are willing to support you in any circumstances. This increases flexibility and helps to provide perspective in the midst of stress and discomfort.
STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS AND ALCOHOL : using cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal drugs damage your mental and physical health. Decreasing mental and physical stability produces” false” emotions.
FIND A GOOD LISTENER :
Find someone who is eager to listen to you, who you can talk to openly and freely. This can help you in relieving stress and anger and can heal you mentally, which ultimately has an impact on your physical health.
LAUGH MORE :
Laughter is the best medicine for human health. Human increases dopamine, and it improves memory and health.
GET RID OF BAD HABITS THAT HURT YOUR CONFIDENCE :
If you have a habit of smoking too much, drinking alcohol too much, spending too much time online, or a different habit that’s hurting your confidence, take steps to eradicate them. Study books, watch good films, play games, watch dances, and listen to songs; do the things that make you feel relaxed. Many studies suggest that watching TV and using a computer late at night is bad for your health.
STAR YOUR DAY BY THINKING ABOUT ONE GOOD THING YOU CAN DO :
Generally, it’s just a matter of deciding to do something good. Develop the habit of finding a good deed to do each day. Set aims and goals and follow through with them to attain them. By setting goals and gradually working to attain them , you will grow mentally.
Introduction: There are many definitions of existence but the most simple and understandable one would be that Existence is the state of being alive or being real. For example, you and your friend disagree about the existence of demons if you think it’s real and your friend doesn’t. Both of these arguments or acceptance about something is valid. Some things just exist in this world and not everyone has to be aware of it. Even if it’s not accepted, it’s existence doesn’t vanish. It mostly deals with being alive or just simply “being”. It’s about existing, creating an impact or not but just being there is called existing. You can exist with or without having an impact or being a change in others lives. The fact that you’re aware of your surroundings is a sign that you exist and it may or may not stop until your death. The main purpose of existing is to gain information, learn new things, be productive, useful, to help people who are in need and gain new experiences. When you exist, being nice to others and helping their existence go smoothly so yours won’t be too difficult on you is important. To make sure you live your life to the fullest, be happy, spread happiness and being resourceful can make you more happier.
Some of many synonyms of existence are actuality and reality. As the name suggests, actuality is basically talking about facts, about why things happen which also tells us that everything that happens, happens for a reason. Throughout our entire existence we would have experienced different kinds of situations where we would have stopped to think about what’s happening, why is it happening and that “thinking” is what gives our existence meaning.
There is no exact definition of existence but Existence is the ability to interact with physical or mental reality. Reality is completely based on truth, it’s an “at the moment” kind of thing, it’s about our surroundings and how it affects us or how we react to it when we exist, we can also call it the real deal. Reality is what’s happening right now and how we choose to gain from it. Being aware of your surroundings, taking mental notes about what’s happening around you, trying to learn new things and showing interest in objects and even trying to find happiness in the smallest of things is a sign of your existence.
Aristotle developed a comprehensive theory of being, according to which only individual things, called substances, fully have to be, but other things such as relations, quantity, time, and place have a derivative kind of being, dependent on individual things.
At first, people thought that existence is just being there but as time passed people learnt more about life and the meaning behind existing and realised it is all about how we spend our time, how well me make use of our resources and how much our existence has mattered to us and other people.
Conclusion: Every existing being is important, every being is important in it’s own way and it’s our duty as fellow existing beings to respect each and every being.
Theme this year: “Teach someone how to play chess”
The idea to commemorate International Chess Day was proposed by UNESCO after it was established by FIDE in 1966. FIDE, the International Chess Federation has 181 chess federations as its members organize chess events and competitions across the globe on International Chess Day.
FIDE: Fédération Internationale des Échecs
-Chess was invented in India around 8th Century. It was known as chatrang-
Chess:
Chess is a board game played by two players. It is enjoyed all over the world. There have been many grandmasters and the records get tougher to hold the title. Chess is an abstract strategy game and involves no hidden information.
It is played on a square chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. At the start, each player controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The main chessboard and pawns are black and white.
The goal of the game is to put the opponent’s king under immediate attack .i.e. in “check” and give no way for it to escape. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw. Each pawn has its own limitation of movements.
It is one of the most fun, intellectual, and brainy indoor games.
Players: 2
Abilities: Strategy, tactics
Fact: In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov.
History:
The origin of chess date around 7-8th century. Three are written in Pahlavi and one, the Harshacharita, is in Sanskrit. Chatrang was named shatranj, after the Islamic conquest of Persia. Xiangqi is the form of chess best-known in China
The modern piece movement rules began to appear in intellectual circles in Valencia, Spain around 1475. The queen replaced the vizier chess piece and by the 15th century had become the most powerful piece.
Prague-born Wilhelm Steinitz laid the foundations for a scientific approach to the game, the art of breaking a position down into components. In addition to his theoretical achievements, his triumph over the leading German master Johannes Zukertort in 1886 is regarded as the first official World Chess Championship.
Significance of chess:
“The United Nations recognizes that sports, the arts and physical activity have the power to change perceptions, prejudices and behaviours, as well as to inspire people, break down racial and political barriers, combat discrimination and defuse conflict, and therefore contrabute in promoting education, sustainable development, peace, cooperation, solidarity, social inclusion and health at the local, regional and international levels.
The designation of World Chess Day of the UN will not only recognize the important role of the FIDE in supporting international cooperation for chess activity and aiming to improve friendly harmony among all peoples of the world, but also to provide an important platform to foster, dialogue, solidarity and culture of peace”
-United Nations
Fact: The rules of chess are published by FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs)
Notable Men and women in the world of chess:
Judit Polgár
Garry Kasparov
Vera Menchik
Magnus Carlsen
Rohini Khadilkar
Andrey Espienko
Nona GAprindashvili
Hou Yifan
Movies to watch:
The Queen’s Gambit
Queen of Katwe
Pawn Sacrifice
Searching for Bobby Fischer
Brooklyn Castle
Hikaru no Go
What to do?
LEARN CHESS!!
Cause why not? Learning moves or moving pieces entirely after thorough thought, being on your toes to find the easiest or quickest win to checkmate, and tricking someone to make the move you wanted them to do! It is a load of exercise for your brain.
Books are been our great friend for ages from Rome philosophers to modern novelists, comics, and manga or magazines! We as humans encounter so many changes with the evolution of books and their uses but what remains common in all of them is “books always feed us with information! Whether it is fun, important, tragic, or simply someone’s insights!”. Many people consider book their best friends (YES! we are bibliophiles . . . love for books called bibliophilism ) because it doesn’t behave different with others and always gives but never takes anything most importantly always be with you. Many fear what will happen with books as time goes and video and voice media starts replacing it in every zone books were used in profusion, but this fear is just a piece of fake news because now there is evident data on how books are more famous and popular than before! Thanks to e-books and these new video audio that are easily reachable to the masses and makes them curious so much so that they have to come to books at last resort to satisfy their curiosity, and there is no doubt books leave no stone unturned doing so!
Before the famous Gutenberg bible which is mass-produced by some metal type in Europe, each book used to be written by different people, and each book was uniquely written designed, and bound which used to give a lot more information about the ideological and religious beliefs of that period!
But this is the beginning of “what we call books” but to know how all this started we have to go back to clay tablet scrolls, and sheets of papyrus. Clay tablets were used by Mesopotamia back in the 3rd millennium BCE, they used to keep it very safe. To date, we have nearly found 20,000 such clay tablets. These tablets were used till the 19th century in some countries including Germany, Chile, the Philippines, and the Sahara Desert. From Egypt papyrus and clay tablets Romans used to write and erase through stylus !.in Asia people used to write on bones. Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about 105 CE and traditional printing started in the 15th century. One thing which throughout the time stick with books are get “ban” as they are very influential, so authorities always wanted to control it.
Books have fascinating subject through time one who studies books is called bibliophile. It is known as former us president Roosevelt used to read one book a day !. most expensive book in history is the codex from Leonardo da Vinci which is bought by Bill Gates. According to a study book, readers have very fewer chances of Alzheimer’s than any other person in old age
Books in our modern world today expanded their reach and places from paperback to e-books are excellent for nature too as it is said from one tree we can make 50 books! And innovation in the field of books like digital book designing, 3d books, etc. is such an example. We are seeing nowadays it’s an affirming factor saying books not going anywhere any soon!
hey! how you guys think about your best friend .. BOOKS 🙂 pls comment down below and tell us which book you loved the most or reading RN ! till the next time , sayonara :).
Securing the needed amount of financing is one of the most important functions for starting a business. It highlights what sources of financing exists at various stages of venture development. So, depending on the industry and aspirations of the entrepreneur(s) has a need to attract money to fully commercialize their concepts. Thus they must find investors – such as their friends and family, a bank (or) an angel investors (or) a venture capitalist funds (or) through a public stock offering (or) some other source of financing.
When dealing with most classic sources of funding, entrepreneurs face numerous challenges like disagreeing to the business and financial plans, requests for large equity stakes, tight control and managerial influence and limited understanding of the characteristic of growth process that start-ups experience.At the initial stage , Bootstrapping is an effective way of start up financing but in order to stabilize the start up entrepreneurs should follow various fund raising methods to raise money.
MOST FORMAL SOURCES OF FUNDING :
SEED CAPITAL FINANCING: Seed capital financing is the earliest source of investment for a startup. The sources of this funding will from your family, friends, crowd funding or from your savings. Usually these amounts in this type of investing are not too high and are typically repaid through the loan (with or even without interest) or are invested in exchange for a small equity share in the company.
ANGEL INVESTOR FUNDING: When your startup needs to grow and it requires funds towards product development, marketing (or) just to expand your team to keep up the momentum then the angel investors comes into the picture as a solution for raising money.
VENTURE CAPITAL FINANCING: VC funding can provide resourcing for scaling the business to new business channels, customer segments or to increase marketing efforts for additional customer acquisition. At this stage of financing the startup either may run with profits or may get out of negative cash flows.
BRIDGE LOANS: At this stage of financing your startup may be with constant growth and looking to scale significantly with a commercially available product. The funds during this stage will be raised due to merge and acquisitions. At this stage the investors want to see the clear route map towards profits of the firm.
THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ON GROWTH OF A FIRM
IPO( INITIAL PUBLIC OFFER): IPO is not the end goal for all the startup’s. However, in order to expand the firm further for raising money. At this stage the firm will be listed out in the stock market for going into public as an option of making money.
EQUITY FINANCING: In equity financing, from an entrepreneur perspective the cost of equity is considered as the loss of control over the venture as the founders must share the ownership of business now.
DEBT FINANCING: At this stage the version of an entrepreneur will be as, the cost of debt financing is the interest that they pay for the use of money that they barrowed, where as the perception from the investor side is obtaining the interest as a reward in addition to money that they have lend to an entrepreneur or borrower.
Finally, Capital raising challenge really begins once the MVP(Minimum Viable Product) phase is reached. This is the point where capital is required for product development , sales and market ,patent preparation etc… So, Every start up founder has a need to understand that MVP’s are not only for raising money but also helps to get data about potential customer of the start up. So, the founders of start up can raise money with a prototype GTM(Go-To-Market Strategy) plan.
Advertising is also one of the best way for start ups to make money because advertising increases the name of the firm within your industry and helps to attract partners to expand business which in turn increases profitability. So, these are some money making or financing methods which are followed by most of the firms to make money efficiently .
BUSINESS PLAN: A business plan is a written document that describes in detail about a business and it also defines its objectives and how the firm is going to achieve its goals. A business plan lays out a written roadmap for the firm in both financial and operational standpoints. So, Business plans typically include detailed information that can help improve the business’s chances of success, like a market analysis, competitive analysis, customer segmentation, marketing, logistics and operations plans, cash flow projections and an overall path to the long-term growth.
WHAT IS THE USE OF HAVING A BUSINESS PLAN?
These business plans help entrepreneurs to assume the exact position of the firm or startup and also they help business owners to see the plan ahead, make important decisions, and improve the overall likelihood of success. Formulation of a business plan should be the first thing done when starting a new business. Business plans are also important for attracting investors so that they can determine that whether your business is on the right path or not and worth investing money or not.
Building a business plan allows you to determine the answer to some of the most critical business decisions ahead of time. Without a business plan, objectives often become arbitrary. So, having a business plan can help make those benchmarks more intentional and consequential and it can also help founders of the firm to be accountable for the long-term vision and strategy, and we can also get the insights into how the applied strategy is coming together over time.
OUTLINE OF A BUSINESS PLAN : The below provided information show’s the step by step process of writing a business plan and highlights about the points that are to be included in each step.
STEP1- INTRODUCTORY PAGE:
Include Name & Address of the business, Nature of the business, Statement of financing needed.
INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS:
Write about, Future outlook & Trends
Analysis of competitors
Market segmentation
Forecast on Industry & Market
STEP2- DISCRIPTION OF VENTURE:
Introduce about Product(s), Services(s), Background of entrepreneur and size of business.
STEP3- PRODUCTION PLAN:
Include Manufacturing process
Physical plan
Write about needed Machinery & Equipment.
Write names of supplies of raw materials.
STEP4- OPERATIONS PLAN:
Describe flow of orders for goods (or) services
Technology utilization
Description of company operation.
STEP5- MARKET PLAN:
Describe about Pricing, Distribution, Promotion & Product forecast.
STEP6- FINANCIAL PLAN:
Include sources and applications of funds.
Assumptions
Cash flow projections
Break even point (Analysis)
Balance statement & Income statement
STEP7- ORGANISATIONAL PLAN:
Write clearly about Form of ownership
Identification of partners (or) Principal shareholders
Roles and responsibilities of members in the organization
So, the above described steps are the steps that have to be included while writing a business plan. Hope this article makes you to understand about the importance of business plan along with it’s out line structure.
Entrepreneurs are essential for the growth of any country. They usually set up something new on their own and create many jobs for others. They also play an important role in the economy. However, to choose the right path in entrepreneurship, we need to know about different types of entrepreneurs. Each type has its responsibilities, roles, functions, and more. In this article, we are discussing different types of entrepreneurs and their definitions.
Entrepreneurs are categorized into different types and these types usually vary depending on the country, region, and even sector. Here there are six categories of various entrepreneurs:
BASED ON BUSINESS:
TRADING ENTREPRENEUR: A trading entrepreneur refers to a person who undertakes business-related activities through trading. These types of entrepreneurs usually buy finished goods in bulk quantity from manufacturers with some discount and then they sell those products directly or with the help of retailers or vendors with profits. A trading entrepreneur usually acts as a mediator between manufacturers and customers. These trading entrepreneurs mostly be as wholesalers, retailers, dealers, etc.
MANUFACTURING ENTREPRENEUR: This type of entrepreneurs plays a main role in manufacturing products. Manufacturing entrepreneurs analyze market needs or customer needs and manufacture products to meet such needs using various resources or technologies. In simple words, manufacturing entrepreneurs transform raw materials into finished products according to the customer’s needs. Manufacturing entrepreneurs basically be in fields of manufacturing textile products, food products, industrial machinery and equipment etc..
AGRICULTURE ENTREPRENEUR: Agricultural entrepreneurs refer to the types of entrepreneurs who primarily practices with agricultural works. They are also called “Agric-entrepreneurs”. These entrepreneurs be within the agricultural sector who are engaged in the cultivation, production and marketing of agricultural products.
BASED ON TECHNOLOGY:
TECHNICAL ENTREPRENEUR: These are the entrepreneurs who used to start and continue industries primarily based on science and technology. These entrepreneurs develop new ideas and turn those ideas into technology-based inventions. They always work to create new methods of production in the fields of technology and science. Besides, they also manufacture products that can help ordinary citizens and other non-technical entrepreneurs for their enterprises. Example personalities of technical entrepreneurs are Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, Bill Gates etc..
NON-TECHNICAL ENTREPRENEUR: These are the entrepreneurs who do not set up and run enterprises based on science and technology. In short, non-tech entrepreneurs are those who work for innovations using traditional methods. They typically use alternative and exemplary marketing methods and follow non-technical delivery strategies to engage directly with customers. Example personalities of non-technical entrepreneurs are Starbucks fame Howard Schultz, Reliance fame Dhirubhai Ambani etc..
BASED ON OWNERSHIP:
PRIVATE ENTREPRENEUR: When an entrepreneur starts something personal of his or her own, such as setting up an enterprise, he/she is called a private entrepreneur. A private entrepreneur is the only person who plays the sole proprietor role for a business venture and bears the risk associated with it. Examples of private entrepreneurship are Tesla, hospitals etc..
STATE ENTREPRENEUR: When a state or government does a business or industrial undertaking, it is referred to as a ‘state entrepreneur’. In this case, the government is the sole owner of the enterprise and will bear all the profits and losses involved with it.
JOINT ENTREPRENEUR: When a business or industrial undertaking is established and operated jointly by the private entrepreneur and the government, it is called joint entrepreneurship. The parties involved are called joint entrepreneurs. In this case, risk and profits are shared by both parties. However, the sharing percentages generally depend on the type of business and the agreement between the two parties. Examples of joint ventures are ONGC, BHEL etc…
BASED ON SIZE OF THE ENTREPRENEUR:
SMALL SCALE ENTREPRENEUR: If an entrepreneur has invested up to a maximum of one crore in starting an enterprise, including plant and machinery, such entrepreneur is called Small Scale Entrepreneur.
MEDIUM SCALE ENTREPRENEUR: If an entrepreneur has invested a minimum of 1 crore to a maximum of 5 crores in starting an enterprise, including plant and machinery, then such entrepreneur is called Medium Scale Entrepreneur.
LARGE SCALE ENTREPRENEUR: If an entrepreneur has invested more than 5 crores in starting an enterprise, including plant and machinery, such an entrepreneur is called a large-scale entrepreneur. This includes any investment above 5 crores.
BASED ON SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS:
IMITATIVE ENTREPRENUERS: Imitative entrepreneurs are the one who mainly follow and adopt the innovative entrepreneurs’ who are in existing successful enterprise system. They do nothing new of their own. Imitative entrepreneurs apply strategy from other enterprises in a manner where all core fundamentals of the original business model are replicated, and all efficiencies are retained. These entrepreneurs help improve any product, production process or suggest the use of improved technology addressed by other enterprises. Imitative entrepreneurs are also called as Adoptive entrepreneurs.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR: These type of entrepreneurs recognize the problems in society and try to reduce those problems by applying some entrepreneurial skills. Most of the social entrepreneurs don’t seek for profits they solely work on the controlling social problems.
FABIAN ENTREPRENEUR: Fabian entrepreneurs are defined as an entrepreneurs who generally do not seek to implement changes in their enterprise techniques. They are very careful in applying any approach and cautious in exercising any change. These entrepreneurs are known for not making sudden decisions. They imitate the change in their strategy only when they know that enterprise surely results in profit making.
DRONE ENTREPRENEUR: Drone entrepreneurs are defined as entrepreneurs who do not like to adopt any changes in their enterprise techniques. They strictly follow their traditional strategies or methods for development, production or marketing. These entrepreneurs feel or experience pride and tradition in the old ways of doing business. This is why drone entrepreneurs sometimes suffer losses, yet they do not adopt changes in their current methods.
ECO ENTREPRENEUR: Eco entrepreneurs are the one who spot the opportunities in the environment to start business which support sustainability. The innovations of eco entrepreneur are considered as green business innovations.
So, Guys I have tried my best to explain the various kinds of entrepreneurs. Now it’s your turn to let me know what type of entrepreneurial character you have in the above listed types through your comments.
Science and technology play a huge role in our society as well as in our lives. Nowadays we all are surrounded by technology and are dependent on it for everything we do. Especially after this pandemic everything is in virtual mode and is completely based on technology. We live in the technological era where gadgets are of outmost importance to us. A gadget is simply a human made device which is programmed to reduce human effort and does a piece of job easily without any hassle.
In this fast-growing world we human beings are always surrounded by machines and gadgets for every need of ours starting from the time we get up in the morning till we again go to bed we even use gadgets while we are asleep such as air conditioner, insect repellent and many more. Science is a boon for us, but in the other hand as everything has its own merits and demerits there are also people who do use science for a bad cause. Technology is good but it is advisable to keep this technology out of the reach of children as otherwise they will not tend to learn things and will prefer to take the help of science to solve a particular existing problem this may affect their growth.
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY :
Technology, science and knowledge are important in modern contemporary society. Essential questions include the following : How does science and technology produce new products, new ways of living and new nutritious? Why is new technology and knowledge so fundamental to us in the ways through which we imagine the future?
Technology, knowledge and science are fundamental in modern contemporary society. The understanding of how social, cultural and material elements influence the production of new practices, new ways of under of contemporary postmodern society. Studies of technology and science provides students with insight into how different processes of knowledge are initiated and progressed, and how innovative technological processes are developed employed and increase in importance. In this manner, students will be provided with the academic basis for working with detailed analyses of different forms of technologies and process of knowledge within business life or industry and commerce, research work , political development, management of knowledge and innovation.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY :
Science , technology and innovation each represent a successively larger category of activities which are highly interdependent but distinct. Science contributes to technology in at least six ways.
New knowledge which serves as a direct source of ideas of new technological possibilities.
Source from tools and techniques for more efficient engineering design and a knowledge based for evaluation of feasibility of designs
Research instrumentation, laboratory techniques and analytical methods used in research that eventually find their way into design or industrial practices, often through intermediate disciplines.
Practice of research as a source for development and assimilation of new human skill and capabilities eventually useful for technology.
Creation of a knowledge base that becomes increasingly important in the assessment of technology in terms of its wider social and environmental impacts
Knowledge base that enables more efficient strategies of applied research, development, and refinement of new technologies.
THe ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Teaching technological literacy, critical thinking and problem- solving through science education gives students the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in school and beyond.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY USED IN SOCIETY :
Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is growing. By making life easier, science has given an the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education and justice to create cultures, and to improve human conditions.
J.K Rowling’s story is one of the most famous insipirational failures to the success story of our time. She had failed in almost everything she attempted to do in her life and at one point she considers herself a major failure.
Most of the people only know her as a woman writer who created Harry Potter, but what people don’t know about the struggle she faces before reaching the stardom.
BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD :
Joanne Rowling was born on 31st July 1965 in yate, Gloucestershire, England to Peter James Rowling and Anne Rowling. Her father was a Rolls- Royce aircraft engineer and mother was a science technician She had one little sister, Dianne, as a child Rowling loves to write fantasy stories and read them to her younger sister. When she was a teenager she got a chance to read Jessica Mitford ‘s autobiography, from then on Mitford become her heroine and after that, she read all her books.
BOOK INSPIRATION AND MOTHER ‘S DEATH :
After working for Amnesty International as a researcher and bilingual secretary in London, Rowling moved to Manchester with her then- boyfriend where she worked at chamber of commerce. In1990, Rowling first had the idea for Harry Potter, a story of a young boy who attends a school of wizards, while she was on a 4 hour delayed train trip from Manchester to London. While travelling the idea fully formed in her mind and when she reached her flat she began writing furiously. However, in December 1990 her mother died after 10 years of complications from Mutiplr sclerosis Mother’s death heavily affects Rowling and leave her extremely distraught and upset. Later she channelled her own feelings of her loss by writing about Harry’s feelings in her first book.
MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND SINGLE MOTHER:
After a few months of her mother’s death, she moved to Portugal to teach the English language. There she met a man, fall in love with him, got married and gave birth to her daughter. In 1993 her marriage ended in Divorce and she with her infant daughter moved to Edinburgh Scotland to be closer to her sister. This is the most struggling time for Rowling and she saw herself as a complete failure. She was divorced, jobless, no money and a dependent child. Because of all this, she suffered bouts of depression and contemplated suicide. Eventually, she signed for Government-assisted welfare describing her economic status as poor. It was a really difficult time in her life but she kept going on and put all her energy on completing her novel.
HARRY POTTER :
In 1995 Rowling completes her manuscript for Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone on an old manual type writer. She was so poor at that time she could not afford a computer or even the cost of photocopying the novel, so she manually typed each copy and submitted to twelve publishing house in London. The manuscript was rejected almost dozens time until she was finally given chance with £1,500 advance by a small London publisher, Bloomsbury after the company’s CEO little 8 years old daughter fell in love with it after reading the first chapter of the book.
In July 1997 Bloomsbury published first 1000 copies of Harry Potter series out of which 500 copies were distributed to libraries. Just five months later the book won Nestlé smarties Book prize it’s first award . In early 1998 an auction was held in America for the printing rights to publish the novel. Scholastic INC won the auction for USB 105, 000, later Rowling said in a interview that she nearly died when she heard the news of this amount for printing her novel. Today Harry Potter is a global brand worth an estimated 15 billion dollars. The last four Harry Potter books have set the records for the fastest selling books in history. The Harry Potter series to talking 4, 195 pages have been translated either in whole or in part into 65 languages. The Harry Potter books series have also gained recognition for creating an interest in reading among the children’s at a time when they were more inclined towards the Internet, computers and television.
FINANCIAL SUCCESS :
In 2001 J.K ROWLING purchased a 19th century killiechassie House, an estate house on the banks of the river tay in Perth. She also owns a £ 4.5 million Georgian house in West London. In 2004 , Forbes named Rowling as the first person to become a us dollar billionaire by only writing books.In 2017, according to Sunday times, Richard list Rowling net worth was approx. £ 650 million.
PERSONAL LIFE :
Rowling and her second husband Neil Murray were married on 26th December 2001. They live in Edinburgh with their 3 children. Rowling was a runner up in 2007. Time’s annual person of the year issue after Russia’s president Vladimir putin.
Depression and anxiety are very common problem these days starting from teenager to elderly adults anyone and everyone can face this at any point in life and they equally affect us as any physical disease does, many people don’t take mental health seriously but it is outmost necessary to do so. Here are a few simple daily habits which will help you to deal with depression:
Stay away from negative thoughts, and always try to focus on the filled part of the glass and try not to worry about the empty.
Practice meditation regularly it helps to calm one’s mind and helps in relaxing the brain.
Try to stay out from field where you feel irritated and also do try ignoring unnecessary mess.
Physical exercising is a must for a healthy mind as it keeps the body fit and also helps keeping negativity away.
The physical environment where one spends time and the company of people with which one spend time also plays a key role in determining the and dealing with depression issues.
One must also take care of the diet, consuming fresh fruits and vegetables are highly recommended and one must take care that proper diet is consumed.
Depression symptoms :
Depression can be more than a constant state of sadness or feeling ” blue”. Major depression cane cause a variety of symptoms. Some affect your mood, and others afect your body. Symptoms may also be onging or come and go. The symptoms of depression can be experienced differently among men, women and children differently.
Men may experience symptoms related to their:
* Mood, such as anger, aggressive, irritability, anxiousness, restlessness.
* Emotional well- being such as feeling empty, sad, hopeless.
* Behavior, such as loss of interest, no longer finding pleasure in favorite activites feeling tired easily , thiughts of suicide, drinking- execessively , using drugs, engaging in high- risk activities.
* sexual interest, such as reduced sexual desire, lack of sexual performance
* cognitive abilities , such as inability to concentrate, difficulty completeing tasks, delayed responses during- conversations.
* sleep patterns, such as insomina, restless slepp, excessive sleepiness, not sleeping through the night.
* physical well- being, such as fatigue, pains, headache, digestive problems.
Women may experience symptoms related to their:
* mood, such as irritability
* emotional well- being, such as feeling sad or empty, anxious or hopless.
* congnitive abilities,such asthinking or talking more slowly
* behavior, such as loss of interest in activities, withdrawing from social engagements, thoughts of suicide
* sleep patterns, such as difficultu sleeping through the night, waling early, sleeping too much.
* physical well- being, such as decreases energy, greater fatigue, changes in appetite, weight changes, aches,pain, headaches, increased cramps.
Children may dxperiences symptoms related to their :
* mood such as irritability, anger, mood swings, crying.
* emotional well- being, such as feelings of incompetence or despair, crying, intense sadness
* behavior, such as gettkng into trouble at school or refusing to go to school, avoiding friends or siblings thoughts of death or suicide.
* cognitive abilities, such as difficulty concentrating, decline in school performance, changes in grades.
* sleep patterns, such as difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
*physical well- being, such as loss of energy digestive problems, changes in appetite, weight loss or gain.
Depression causes :
There are several possible causes of depression. They can range from biological to circumstantial.
Common causes include ;
* Family history :
You’re at a higher risk for developing depression if you hace a family history of depression or another mood disorder.
* Early childhood trauma :
Some events affect the way your body reacts to fear and stressful situations
* Brain structure :
There’s a greater risk for depression if her frontal lobe of your brain is less active.
* Medical conditions :
Certain conditions may put you at higher risk, such as chronic illness, insomia, chroinc pain or attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder
* Drug use :
A history of drug or alcohol misuse can affect your risk.
Many factors can influence feelings of depression, as well as who develops the condition . The causes of depression are often tied to other elements of your health. Depression can be linked with to other health problems, your healthcare provider may also conduct a physical examination and order blood work.
Types of depression :
Depression can be broken into categories depending on the severity of symptoms. Some people experience mild and temporary episodes, whike other experience severs and ongoing depressive episodes.
There are two main types. Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder .
Major depressive disorder :
Major depressive disorder is the more severe form of depression. It’s characterized by persistant feelings of sadness, hoplessness and worthlessness that dont’t go away on their own.
Persistent depressive disorder :
Persistent depressive disorder ( pDD) used to be called dysthymia. It is a milder, but chronic, form of depression.
It’s common for people with PDD to
* lose interest in normal daily activites.
* feel hopless
* lack productivity
* haveclow self- esteem
Depression can be treated successfully, but it’s important to stick your treatment plan.
Treatment for depression :
Living with depression can be difficult, but treatment can help improve your quality of life. Talk to your health care provider about possible options. You may successfully manage symptoms with one form of treatment ,or may find that a combinations of treatment works best.
The Da Vinci Code is written by the famous author Dan Brown. He has a separate fan base who loves science fiction and thriller novels. He wrote many sci-fi books like Angels and Demon, The Deception point, Inferno, Origin, Digital fortress. All are well known among avid readers and some books are also adapted as movies too…
Book Plot:
Jaques saunière the curator of the Louvre has been murdered inside the museum. He wrote Robert Langdon’s name on the floor before he died. Harvard Professor Robert Langdon devoted himself to ancient histories, Languages, symbology, cultures as well as forbidden mysteries. He was falsely accused of murdering the curator, because, there is his name on the floor. So, the cops get him to investigate him. Before Jaques saunière dies, he left a series of baffling codes. Which must be solved soon unless an ancient historical truth will be lost forever. At that moment Sophie Neveu, a French cryptologist came to help Langdon from the situation. Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu were stunned to find a trail that leads to the works of Da Vinci’s Monalisa and The Virgin Mary, the upcoming mysteries unfold an enormous history which Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu have to find them. They both followed Jaques Saunière’s Clues closely and they started to reveal the mysteries one by one. Why does Jaques Saunière have to write Robert Langdon’s name on the floor when he even doesn’t know him? Why Sophie Neveu has to help Robert Langdon and what are the mysteries that they need to hunt soon? Are the questions that the book contains.
About the book:
The plot and the Facts about the history and the ancient societies are beyond perfect… In the beginning, I thought it’s the same thriller as every book. Yes, it is a thriller. it is the same with the cold-blooded murder, a mastermind villain and various right and left hands to help him, betrayal, false accusations, twists, and turns, etc… But, I loved the details about the ancient society, about the historical events and facts. I love hidden histories and if you too love them and didn’t yet read this one… Give it a try and you will never regret it.
Who can read it?
The language is legit. And the content of the book won’t be comfortable for children.
If you are a believer… I don’t recommend this to you. It has some breathtaking history about religionism.
If you are an adult and would love to read thrillers and mysteries. You must try this one it’s breathtaking.
Book Quotes:
Life is filled with secrets. You can’t learn them all at once.
Faith ― acceptance of which we imagine to be true, that which we cannot prove.
History is always written by the winners. When two cultures clash, the loser is obliterated, and the winner writes the history books-books which glorify their own cause and disparage the conquered foe. As Napoleon once said, ‘What is history, but a fable agreed upon?
Men go to far greater lengths to avoid what they fear than to obtain what they desire.
By its very nature, history is always a one-sided account.
Eduindex 
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