Category: News

Comprehensive, up-to-date news coverage, aggregated from sources all over the world by EduindexNews.

Human Resource Management- Essential Of The Department..!

As a practice, businesses and organizations depend on three key resources: physical resources, such as materials and equipment; financial resources, including cash, credit, and debt; and people. There can be no doubt that people play a vital role in an organization or business as a resource.

Having a thorough strategy, a marketable product or service, and efficient processes are all important. But all of this depends on the ability of the people within the organization to execute strategies, plans, and processes to make a business successful.

Every part of the business boils down to people. And by managing people, organizations can be more profitable, lead more effectively, create brand loyalty and do better work.

The human resource function of every defines their success as an organization. An organisation’s HR function plays a major role in the growth of its bottom line and the success of its business strategy. The very nature of a company is in its people, and giving direction to people is what human resource management (HRM) is all about. HRM provides an organization with the best services and systems drive both profit and team synergy.

Let’s dig deep into this and understand – What is HRM?

What is HRM?

According to The Harvard Model of Human Resource Management, created by Michael Beer, Human Resource Management is a strategic approach to the employment, development and wellbeing of the people working in an organization. Human resources management involves all management decisions and actions that affect the relationship between the organization and its employees – in other words, its human resources.

HRM refers to the management of all decisions within an organization that are related to people.

It concentrates on making the most of the human resources that are at the disposal of the organization and enhances the performance of employees to achieve the organization’s objectives. HRM ensures the seamless and effective application of policies and processes in the business. HRM is there to keep the balance between employee needs and satisfaction and an organization’s profitability and capability to reach its objectives.

In practice, however, HRM is a tool used to try to make optimum use of human resources, to foster individual development, and to comply with government mandates. Larger organizations typically have an HRM department and its primary objective is making company goals compatible with employee goals. For a company to attain its goals, it must have employees who will help it attain them.

An efficiently functional HRM aids the workforce of an organization to contribute efficiently and effectively towards the overall achievement of an organization’s goals.

To understand HRM, the functions of HRM must be taken into consideration. The functions of HRM are managerial, operative and advisory.

Managerial functions include:

  • Planning: The planning function of HRM ensures the best fit between employees and jobs while avoiding manpower shortages or surpluses for the organization. There are four key steps of the HRP process: Analysing present human resource supply, forecasting human resource demand, balancing projected the human resource demand with supply, and aligning the first three steps to the organizational goals.
  • Organizing: Organizing is the function of HRM that involves developing an organizational structure to ensure the accomplishment of the organizational goals. The structure is usually represented by an organization chart, which provides a graphic representation of the chain of command within an organization.
  • Directing: This includes activating employees at different levels and making them contribute maximum towards organizational goal. Tapping maximum potentialities of an employee via constant motivation and command is a prime focus for this function of HRM.
  • Controlling: Post planning, organizing and directing, performance of an employee is to be evaluated, verified and compared with organizational goals. If performance is found to be deviating from the plan, control measures are to be taken.

Operative function Includes:

  • Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment and selection creates a pool of prospective candidates and selects the right candidates from that pool. According to a study 83% of organizations believe attracting and retaining talent is a growing challenge.
  • Job Analysis & Design: This HRM function includes describing nature of the job, including the requisite qualifications, skills, and work experience for a specific position within an organisation. This function is crucial in helping to combining tasks, duties and responsibilities into a single work unit to achieve organizational goals.
  • Performance management: Checking and analysing employee performance is another important function that HRM performs. According to Deloitte’s Global Human Capital Trends study, 79% of executives rate redesign of performance management system and practices to incorporate elements like continuous feedback, goal-setting, and employee-driven communication as a high priority.
  • Learning & Development (L&D): This HRM function allows employees to acquire new skills and knowledge to perform their job effectively. L&D also prepares employees for taking up higher level of responsibilities. According to the Association for Talent Development (ATD), organizations that offer comprehensive training programs have 218% higher income per employee than organizations without formalized training.
  • Compensation management: HRM also includes determining pays for different job types and compensations, incentives, bonuses and benefits related to a job function. According to jobvite ,most people (19%) left their jobs for compensation reasons.
  • Policies: HRM functions by drafting, revising, publishing and implementing the organizational policies, which are essential for the fair treatment for all the employees.
  • Employee Welfare: This function takes care of numerous services, benefits and facilities provided to an employee for their wellbeing. According to a study by MetLife, 51% of employers say, using health and wellness benefits to maintain employee loyalty and retain talent will become even more important in the next 3 to 5 years.
  • HRMS: This function involves recording, maintaining and retrieving employee related information including employment history, work hours, earning history etc.

Advisory function includes:

  • Top Management Advice: One of the critical HRM functions is to advise the top management in formulating policies and procedures. The advisory function of HRM also advise the top management on appraisal of manpower. This function also involves advice regarding maintaining high-quality human relations and improving employee morale.
  • Departmental Head advice: Under this HRM function, HRM advises the heads of various departments on policies related to job design, job description, recruitment, selection, appraisals.

What is the importance of HRM?

The following reasons highlight the importance of HRM.

Recognizing and valuing individuals: HRM acknowledges every employee’s worth within the organization, suggesting that the organization recognize and value individual contributions. The empathy monitor study by the Businessolver states that 93% of employees say they’re more likely to stay at an organization with an empathetic employer. Also, the study by Ultimate Software says that 75% of employees would stay longer at an organization that listens to and addresses their concerns.

People bring ideas: HRM manages people, and people bring new new skills and ideas into the organization and fuel the growth of business.

Quality of work life: Quality of work life is a legitimate concern, and that employees have a right to safe, clean, and pleasant surroundings, which is one of the responsibilities of HRM. According to ‘Global Productivity Hinges on Human Capital Development’, a study by Gallup, 85% of employees worldwide feel disengaged at work and only 15% derive fulfillment from their work.

Upskilling is a long-term interest: HRM recognizes the need for continuous learning; talents and skills must be continually refined in the long-term interests of the organization.

Facilitate continual worker adaptation: Opportunities are constantly changing. Organizations need methods to facilitate continual worker adaptation and HRM provides the organization with those methods.

Employee satisfaction: People have a right to be satisfied by their work, and organizations have a responsibility, and a profit motivation, to try to match their skills with their job. According to research, 64% of workers globally feel their job gives them a sense of meaning and purpose.

Beyond technical training: HRM has a much broader scope than technical training—employees need to know more than the requirements of a specific task in order to make their maximum contribution.

Benefits of HRM

HRM bridges the gap between the employees and the management of an organization. Operating a successful organization requires a good HRM which is dedicated to the progress and growth of the organization. A balanced HRM is critical to the productivity and synergy of the organization.

An effective HRM allows organizations to tackle human resource issues strategically. HRM supports in attracting and retaining competent employees, helps the organization’s leaders and employees in adapting to organizational change, and enables the adoption of technology. HRM play a critical role in managing employees, helping them to work effectively and creatively to help their organisation to attain a competitive advantage in their market.

The question ‘What is the importance of HRM?’ can be answered by considering all the ways that HRM helps organizations to meet their competitive challenges and create value. These facets of HRM include how an organization manages the human resource environment and acquires, trains, assesses, develops and compensates its employees.

The importance of HRM goes unnoticed in the organization with the routine hustle and bustle in the workplace, but without the effective HRM contributions, the organization might not be able to achieve its fullest potential and expand its horizons.

Here are the benefits of HRM:

  • Strategic Management: HRM enhances the company’s bottom-line by triggering positive output, leading to organizational success. Leaders with expertise in HRM participate in corporate decision-making that underlies human resource decisions.
  • Mission, vision, values, and goals: HRM when handled strategically contributes to an organization’s mission, vision, values, and goals. This, in turn, enables employees to see where they fit within the organization and helps to shape and define their roles.
  • Branding internally: Creating a positive brand about the organization for its employees and internal stakeholders is an important responsibility of HRM. According to a study. by CultureIQ, Building an employer brand and company culture helps companies increase qualified candidates (49%), increase diverse candidates (32%), increase employee referrals (41%), and hire the right people (55%).
  • Creating awareness for employees: HRM builds workplace awareness by providing complete information to employees of their functioning and governance.
  • Maintaining a conducive work environment: A favourable work environment within the organization where the employees can have both hygiene factors and motivators is taken care of by HRM. One of the top employer attributes that jobseekers value most is a pleasant working atmosphere, according to a study by Ranstand.
  • Talent management: This is one of the important responsibilities of HRM. HRM remains committed to recruitment and selection, on-boarding, training, management development, performance management, succession planning, career paths, and other aspects of talent management.
  • Organizational culture: HRM impacts the culture of the organization and has a key role to play in ensuring that an organization’s culture continues to be supportive and effective. The culture of an organization never solidifies — it changes with changing demographics, workplace norms, industry forces and other factors. HRM moulds the organization’s culture, and the organization’s culture is reflected in the HRM – so they are interlinked. According to another study by CultureIQ, 73% of employers believe a great corporate culture gives their organizations a competitive edge.
  • Conflict management: Conflicts are part of any healthy and robust organization. Not everyone always feels the same way, but they need to develop effective working relationships for contributions and productivity. HRM helps by knowing the personalities of each of the employees and taking on the necessary role of advocate, coach or mediator.

Musical nostalgia

Vaishali Singh (Cheenu Singh Rathore)

And sometimes in life the music playing in the background brings you back to the most beautiful days of your life, music is also known to bring the nostalgia,  Some musical notes makes you feel a bit different, the closing credit (background music) of “Gortimer Gibbons Life On Normal Street” (a web series casts on Prime Amazon) is an example of such a of music, I’m in love with it, though this web series casted 12 or 13 years old children, but somehow I got so much connected to that series that it became my favourite series, at the end of the each episode they share a moral, and somewhere in this fast-paced world, we are losing our morals values and ethics, the show has casted the light on all aspects of life, it showed 3 friends, who are just young kids, but handles all the tough situations of life, the show has also showed the process of growing up and a tons of life lessons, I am very bad at watching web series and movies as well I don’t watch movies so often and when it comes to web series I never watch them, but somehow amidst this outbreak I got to see a web series called “Just Add Magic”, it was all about magic spell and cook book, it was the first web series which made me feel to watch the next episode and I completed this series within a very less amount of time, this web series awaked my interest in this magical illusion so I googled “web series like JUST ADD MAGIC” and just got this name “GORTIMER GIBBONS LIFE ON NORMAL STREET” on the top of the result so when I started watching it I liked it lesser than the first one but overtime this particular series somehow made me so attached to it, and especially the music which plays at the end of each episode.             I’ve learnt a lot from this show, although I haven’t watched it all episodes yet but this song has gave me a lifetime memory.

Five people rule hack

Vaishali Singh (Cheenu Singh Rathore)

So here in this blog I have mentioned the ways through which you can hack the 5 people rule which states that you’re the average of the 5 people you spend most of your time with. So to know more read ut till the end.

They say you’re an average of the 5 people you spend your most of the time with. It’s somewhere true that people have their influences on you, whether the wrong influences or the right ones and I have witnessed it through my eyes. I’ll take you to the time when I went to the University for the first time, I was highly motivated and very sincere, though I’m same today 😀 but I have seen that your friends or the people you spend your time with have impact on your mindset, and somehow they leave their prints on your subconscious, here the painting of the white wall rule comes into play, this particular rule states that, when you’re a kid your mind is as clean as a white wall, but overtime your experiences,  the things people did to you and the things they’ve said to you paints your white wall with multiple colours and your mind or perhaps or subconscious mind start to put limits based upon your life experiences and the things done by the people, now to prevent your white wall or your clear mind to be painted by the wrong colours you have 2 options the one is to stay away from such negative people, but that’s not possible every time and the option 2 takes you to the spiritual concept and i.e. meditation, meditation can help you to get rid of all the unwanted collection of garbage you’ve collected overtime inside your head. Well I think, I got deviated from the topic  I had to tell you about the 5 people rule,  so let’s get back to the topic, it’s better to be alone than being with the wrong minded people, that means the ones who have different mindset, never be with them.

So what to do now?? You might be thinking this, to solve your mind puzzle I have some concepts, keep yourself busy in the stuffs you like and follow your dream path always keep working towards your goals and just Unfollow every single account on social media whether it instagram, whatsapp or facebook or any other platform which doesnt inspire you and follow the accounts which inspires you and pushes you to follow your dreams and the accounts which teaches you something or motivates you, and also be involved in some of the entertaining activities to keep your mind healthy and happy, it was the 1st hack, now listen to the podcasts, watch great and valuable content, read good stuff reading is the major factor in the path of success, learn new things through internet also do sometimes write your thoughts out, share your knowledge and experiences with the world. Talking to your parents and family members, spending time with your siblings, cooking and consuming the right food to keep your body and mind fit, do yoga and workout, just spend your whole time with yourself and do what you like to do, no matter what is is but never get influenced by the wrong things ( I hope you’ve got my point), there is a phase in our lives where we get attracted towards the wrong things, but deep down our heart knows what’s right or what’s wrong, the choice is always ours. The time we don’t value is the time we’ll crave to get back later,  remember this, lil bud.

All these things can help you to hack the people rule where you cannot be physically connected to them but can be digitally connected thanks to this modern digital world.

Thank you

Your work is your definition

Vaishali Singh (Cheenu Singh Rathore)

Your work is your identity, your work is everything.

I want to tell you that, your work ethics, the way you work is everything, a person is only identified by his or her actions, the things he or she has done, the values he or she has given to the society.

Life is like an illusion, no one has discovered the real meaning of life yet. We don’t even know why the God has created this world, and what is the purpose of life, but one thing I have observed so far is that your words are imperishable even after life, people will remember you by your work ethics by the values you have given to them, by the words you’ve spoken out, and it’s explicit that no matter how intelligent you’re unless you haven’t done anything no one would value your sayings.

A person is not identified by the cast he or she has born in, not by the amount of money he or she earns, not by the brands he or she wears, not by the phone he or she uses, a person is identified by his or her karmas only. There is no scale to measure one’s intelligence, like you can’t judge somebody’s intelligence based upon his or her English speaking skills, language is just a medium of conveying feelings or nothing else.

Now, I am sharing 2 examples down below to convey my message:-

(I) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam :- We always remember him as Missile Man of India, for his work and development of ballistic missile, as a visionary, a hardworking, a pragmatist, a great leader and as a person who has influenced the life of many. We never remember him by his cast, by his face, by the car he used to drive, or by the brand he used to wear.

Let’s take another example of an extremely popular writer named Premchand, he was famous for his modern Hindi- Urdu literature. He is one of the most honoured writer of the Indian subcontinent, and regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of early 20th century. Premchand’s writing are very famous till date, as you have definitely read some of his stories in your textbooks, many of the directors filmed Premchand’s stories as series and aired them on television. For your ease let me tell you that he was a very simple man, he never had the most expensive clothes, and a writer named Harishankar Parsai wrote a story named “Premchand ke phate joote” / Premchand’s torn shoes” about him, that story was an irony on Premchand, in which Harishankar Parsai wrote that Premchand was a very grounded and simple man, in the story Harishankar Parsai highlighted Premchand’s personality in a way as he wanted to show that Premchand wasn’t an ostentatious person, in simple words he wasn’t a show off favourite person. Once he got clicked a picture with his wife and in that picture his shoes were torn out, and the writer used that incident as the story he plotted as PREMCHAND’S TORN SHOES, eventhough he didn’t supported him if you will read it in depth you would understand that it was an ironical story, anyway I don’t want to bother you much about Premchand and Harishankar Parsai but my motive of stating it here was to make you understand that your personality builds with your work not with your dressing sense or the things and the stuff you have.

The world will never remember you by the things and stuff you have, people will always remember you by the work you’ve done. – Vaishali Singh.

https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-sitting-on-green-chair-while-using-laptop-374831/

Say NO! to Chinese Apps.

Recently, the Indian government announced that it would ban 59 widely used apps (such as Tik Tok, ShareIt, Cam scanner etc.), which are heavily linked to Chinese companies. The Department of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), has requested the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000 to address concerns about data security and the national sovereignty associated with these applications.

Although the government has proposed the ban from a data security and privacy perspective, the move is seen as part of a plan to retaliate against Chinese intrusion into Ladakh.

Given that the Indian digital economy is one of the largest markets in the world, such a ban will surely affect China’s corporate ratings. However, such a move is likely to contribute to the India-China border dispute.

The achievement of this Ban


No More Dependence on Passive Diplomacy: The decision to ban these applications, which comes amid ongoing tensions between India and China, is a clear message from India that it will no longer be a victim of China’s Nibble and Negotiate policy and will review China’s policies for participation.


Damaging the Chinese Desire: Prohibition could affect one of China’s most ambitious goals, namely the 21st century digital power.


Recognizing the Importance of Data: The banning of the Indian application, as well as the restrictions on telecom Hardware-related and portable devices, is based on the acceptance that data distribution and digital technology is a new global energy currency.


Combined Problems
Data Privacy Issue is not restricted to Chinese applications: MeitY has blocked applications from reporting and sending unauthorized user data to servers located outside of India.
However, data privacy and data security concerns are not limited to Chinese applications.
Injuries Already Done: Banned apps were very popular in India and the blockchain move comes after these apps have already collected hundreds of millions of users in India.
India’s Economic Downturn in China: The ban on China’s mobile applications is a soft target, as India remains dependent on Chinese products in a number of critical and technological sectors.
From semiconductors and active pharmaceutical ingredients to the telecom industry, Chinese retailers are involved not only in India’s 4G network but also in ongoing 5G tests.
Also, China’s finances are currently important in supporting India’s start-up economy. Many Indian Unicorns such as Paytm, Zomato, Byju have Chinese shareholders.


The Way Forward: Strengthening Data Security Building
Releases Expired Rules: India’s digital applications are governed by obsolete, unsuitable rules in today’s digital environment.
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (20-year law) is intended for the business process of cleaning up the environment, not modern applications or platforms.
Similarly, copyright law, which provides incentives and protection for much of the content that resides at the heart of the digital economy, was last amended in 2012.
Therefore, there is a strong case for reviving important laws and for their adaptation to change the digital environment.
The Need for a Data Protection Act: Data privacy and security remains a major challenge from the ever-changing digital revolution. Therefore, data protection law was enacted for a long time.
In this regard, the Indian parliament must expedite the enactment of the Data Protection Bill (PDP), 2019.
The Need for Development Alternatives: The Indian government’s ban on access to citizen data is nothing new.
Similar steps have been taken by China, as mobile apps like Whatsapp, Facebook have been banned in China for years. However, the Chinese government was quick to relocate billions of its users.
Even today, with the same Chinese services like WeChat, Weibo is competing for a prestigious competition to establish digital global players.
Therefore, the recent ban is a good opportunity for Indian intervention.

Protect yourself and others from the spread of COVID-19


You can reduce your chances of becoming infected or spreading COVID-19 by taking simple safety measures:

Always wash your hands with alcohol-based soap or wash them with soap and water. Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based rub can kill germs on your hands.


Keep at least 1 meter (3 meters) between you and others. Why? When a person coughs, whispers, or speaks, they spray small droplets on the nose or mouth that may be infected. If you are too close, you can breathe droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if a person has the disease.


Avoid crowded places. Why? When people gather in crowds, you are more likely to meet someone with COVID-19 and it is very difficult to maintain a physical distance of 1 meter (3 meters).


Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth. Why? Hands touch many places and can get germs. When contaminated, hands can transmit the virus to your eyes, nose, or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and infect you.


Make sure you and the people closest to you, follow good breathing hygiene. This means covering your mouth and nose with elle or your curved tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then immediately dispose of used tissue and wash your hands. Why? The droplets spread the virus. By following good respiratory hygiene, you protect people around you from infections such as colds, flu and COVID-19.


Stay at home and isolate yourself from even minor symptoms such as a cough, headache, mild fever, until you recover. Ask someone to bring you the goods. If you need to get out of your house, wear a mask to avoid infecting others. Why? Avoiding contact with others will prevent them from potentially COVID-19 and other viruses.


If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical help, but call ahead if possible and follow the directions of local health authorities. Why? National and local authorities will keep up-to-date on this situation in your area. Calling early will allow your healthcare provider to direct you to the appropriate health facility. This will protect you and help prevent the spread of germs and other diseases.


Keep up to date with the latest information from trusted sources, such as the WHO or your local and national health authorities. Why? Local and national authorities are best advised on what people in your area should do to protect themselves.

Safe use of alcohol-based cleaners
To protect yourself and others from COVID-19, wash your hands often. Use an alcohol-based sanitizer or wash your hands with soap and water. If you use an alcohol-based sanitizer, be sure to use it and store it carefully.

Keep alcohol-abuse barriers out of the reach of children. Teach them how to use the sanitizer and monitor its use.
Put the amount of money in your hands. There is no need to use a large amount of product.
Avoid touching your eyes, mouth and nose immediately after using an alcohol-based sanitizer, as it may cause irritation.


Hand sanitizers are recommended for the protective protection of COVID-19 from alcohol and therefore can be flammable. Do not use before handling fire or cooking.
In any case, drink or allow children to swallow an alcohol-based sanitizer. It can be toxic.
Remember that washing your hands with soap and water is also effective against COVID-19.

Organizational effectiveness : the new business game

Effectiveness in the firm just can’t be limited to the efficiency with which an association is able to meet its objectives and needs but also the new A game of organizations is based on its productivity. Effective contributions of individual employees and groups results in organizational effectiveness. The whole smart game in the tactics depends upon individual’s additional contributions like strategic choice , technological units , stocked up structure , processed date and organizational culture. Commitment to involvement in each of the firm’s business activities and tasks assigned results in productive hours of group or individual work which is captivatingly appealing to the coworkers under the chief subordinates. The whole subject of organizational effectiveness can be summed up as the degree of congruence between two ends of inputs and outputs that a firm has.

Mode of approach – Regardless of goal or system resource approach the firm needs more than just a resourcing aspect to it , which also entitles to the acknowledgement of small and unnoticed firms which are trying to collaborate with the reputed firms in order to share the limelight on business levels of management. The rational goal or goal attainment approach is the key to change any confused atmosphere in the organization irrespective of conditions applied. Since alternating between all the considerable and jotted down approached in a firm the organizations should start to work their A game in businesses.

The Politics Of PHONE TAPPING

The ghost of phone tapping in Indian Politics has returned, this time in Rajasthan. After releasing three audio clips by the congress, BJP has alleged the state government of doing illegal phone tapping. BJP spokesperson Sandeep Patra has asked for a CBI probe. Patra accused, chief minister Ashok Gehlot of “manufacturing lies” and undertaking “illegal measures like phone-tapping” to save his government. He said that, “The Congress has a history of phone-tapping.”

On the other hand Bahujan Samaj Party chief Mayawati named Ashok Gehlot, a serial offender and alleged him of acting illegally. Mayawati called for President’s rule in the state. While the Congress has refuted the claims of phone tapping and said that the audio clips were sourced from the social media.

Political History of Phone Tapping

Tapping of phones for political gain is illegal but not rare in Indian Politics. Be it in 2010 phone tapping case between then IPL Chief Lalit Modi and NCP supremo Sharad Pawar, in 2017 Kerala, in 2018 Karnataka or in 2019 Chhattisgarh. Even the phones of Rashtrapati Bhavan had also been bugged.  

Last year hearing the matter of Chattisgarh Phone Tapping case, the Supreme court of India had remarked that, ‘No Privacy Left For Anybody’. The bench of justices Arun Mishra and Indira Banerjee, had sternly said that, ‘‘what is the need to do (things) like this? No privacy is left for anybody. What is happening in this country?”

Procedure for Phone Tapping:

Though the country has seen various infamous instances of phone tapping, but there are laws which allows phone tapping in certain circumstances legal. Under entry 31 of the Union List of the Constitution and Entry 7 of the Federal List of the Government of India Act, 1935, telephonic along with other communication devices is mentioned. And both the Central government and the State government has the right to tap phones of people under Section 5 (2) of the Indian Telegraphic Act, 1885.

  1. Section 69 of the Information Technology Act, 2000, empowers the central government or a state government to intercept, monitor or decrypt or cause to be intercepted or monitored or decrypted, any information generated, transmitted, received or stored in any computer resource in the interest of the sovereignty or integrity of the country.
  2.  This power of interception is to be executed as per the provisions of law, rules and Standard Operating Procedures (SoPs), approved by the Union Home Secretary in case of central government and by the Home Secretary of the state concerned in case of the state government.
  3. Only ten agencies are authorised for phone tapping: (i) Intelligence Bureau, (ii) Central Bureau of Investigation, (iii) Enforcement Directorate, (iv) Narcotics Control Bureau, (v) Central Board of Direct Taxes, (vi) Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, (vii) National Investigation Agency, (viii) R&AW, (ix) Directorate of Signal Intelligence and (x) Delhi Police Commissioner.
  4. Such authorities must seek permission from the Home Ministry before they tap the calls of the person. In the application to the Ministry, the agency has to mention reasons and the needs for tapping the phone calls. In the case of State, the permission has to be taken from State Home secretary.

Remedies:

  1. Unauthorized tapping or interception is a violation of the right to privacy, and the aggrieved party can file a complaint with the National Human Rights Commission.
  2. The aggrieved party can also file an FIR against unauthorized tapping.
  3. The aggrieved person can also move to the Court against the person doing any unauthorized act under Section 26 (b) of the Indian Telegraphic Act.

Citizenship

The population of a state is divided into two categories: citizens and non-citizens. A citizen of a state enjoys all civil and political rights. A non-citizen, on the other hand, doesn’t enjoy these rights.

Under the Indian constitution, certain fundamental rights are available only to the citizens, namely: Right against discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15); right to equality of opportunity in matter of public employment (Article 16); freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession (Article 19); cultural and educational rights (Article 29 and 30); and right to vote and become members of the union and state legislatures.

Several offices can also be occupied exclusively by citizens: president (Article 58(1)(a), vice-president (Article 66(2)), judges of the Supreme Court (Article 124(3)) and high court (Article 217(2)), governor of a state (Article 157), attorney general (Article 76(1)) and advocate general (Article 165).

Equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India (Article 14 ) and protection of life or personal liberty (Article 21) are applicable to non-citizens as well.

Persons who were deemed to be citizens of India when the constitution was promulgated?

Citizenship by domicile (Article 5): A person who was born in India or either of the person’s parents was born in India or the person must have been an ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less than five years immediately before the commencement of the constitution. Domicile of a person is in that country in which the person either has or is deemed by law to have his/her permanent house.

Citizenship of migrants to India from Pakistan (Article 6): Persons who have migrated from Pakistan to India have been classified into two categories: i) those who came to India before July 19, 1948, and ii) those who came on or after July 19, 1948.

Citizenship of migrants of Pakistan (Article 7): If a citizen of India has migrated to Pakistan after March 1, 1947, but returned to India on the basis of permit for resettlement in India, the person is entitled to become a citizen of India if he/she registers herself as a citizen of India, after residing for at least six months immediately before the date of applying for registration, by an officer appointed by the government of India.

Citizenship of persons of Indian origin residing outside India (Article 8): Indian nationals (whose parents or any grandparents were born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935) residing abroad shall be conferred Indian citizenship, as if they have been registered by the diplomatic or consular representatives of India in the country where they are residing.

Provisions under the Citizenship Act, 1955

Citizenship by birth: Anyone born in India on or after January 1, 1950, would be deemed a citizen by birth. This limit was further amended to include those born between January 1, 1950 and July 1, 1987.

By the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2003, persons born after December 3, 2004, would be deemed to be citizens of India if either of the parents is Indian or one of the parents is a citizen of India and the other was not an illegal migrant at the time of the person’s birth.

Citizenship by descent: A person born outside India shall be deemed to be a citizen of India if either of the person’s parents was a citizen of India at the time of his/her birth provided that the birth is registered within one year of its occurrence or commencement of the Act, whichever is later, at the Indian consulate.

Citizenship by registration: A person may be registered as a citizen of India, if the person is married to a citizen of India or has been a resident of India for five years immediately before making an application for registration.

Citizenship by incorporation of territory: If any new territory becomes a part of India, the government of India shall specify the persons of the territory to be citizens of India.

Provisions in the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019

The newly amended law provides for granting of Indian citizenship to Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, Parsis and Christians from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan who came to India on or before December 31, 2014. The law will not be extended to Rohingya Muslims persecuted in Myanmar; Shia and Ahmadiyya Muslims in Pakistan; Hazaras, Tajiks and Uzbeks in Afghanistan; Tamils in Sri Lanka; and atheists in Bangladesh.

Effect of taxation system due to covid-19

No matter where you live in world, one thing that you always count on is that you will be paying taxes to local government. Every person in country has to pay taxes in any form.
It is said by one of the scholar that death and tax are very important for every individual.If a man is alive then he has to pay tax in any condition. Covid 19 has brought new challenges for India’s economic growth that has been slowdown since Lockdown. It is estimated that central government earns Rs 2.48 lakh crore annually from exercise duty on liquor. Due to lockdown the whole nation was shut down due to which there was an acute liquidity shortage. As Country walks to exit strategy from lockdown to unlock l , the highest taxes were imposed on liquors and fuels. Liquor is an important source of earning for both centre and state government. Taxes on liquor and petroleum girls have raised very high as government were running out of cash in this lockdown. They faced difficulties to pay salaries to public servants. Moreover, 40% part of salaries are cut down this month. Delhi increases the prices of liquor by 70% within this month after seeing liquor shops being overcrowded. Other states have also followed the same route. Some states like Haryana, Nagaland have increased the rates of petroleum fuels. All the states are pondering each other’s option to increase their revenue in this harsh time of COVID 19.
Business are finding difficulty to run and they are not able to pay their income tax returns which is to by every individual. The rate of unemployment rises to 27.11 percent .
Indian railways , metros , airlines,buses are most affected during this coronavirus lockdown. Indian Railways have stopped all train passengers services, metro which have more than 500 routes in Delhi only are closed since Lockdown that is most important source of revenue for state government. It is estimated that Indian Railways had great loss around Rs 12,500 core – Rs 6500 crore due to closure of Indian Railways since 2 months.
Public Transport has zero revenue since coronavirus lockdown. The demand for transport has reduce as people take the practice of work from home, opt online shopping, online streaming movies and order food online through delivery apps. But to recover these losses government decided to jerk all trains and flight services in which they double the price of tickets of flights.
But government realised that businesses also need some support in this worst affected time because many companies risk bankruptcy or their permanent closure . The COVID 19 crises had significant impact on business, market stock , government coffers.
The government also being very supportive during this time, finance minister Ms Nirmala Sitharaman has announced various relief related to taxation, insolvency and bankruptcy code and many more. The deadline of taxpayers has increased to 30 June,2020 and late fee penalty have also been waived off. Now, there is no charges on cash withdrawal from other ATM banks .

Tax is a kind of vital ingredient which contributes huge amount to our economy . In this crucial time of disease like COVID-19 various steps were taken by Indian government to safeguard its people , lockdown was one of them . Due to lockdown country’s economy was at a break and as the time passed , it dropped at a very rapid rate . Revenue from various sectors of the society was unable to be generated but with passage of time the heads of the country are slowly unlocking it as it is really necessary to take care of the economical status for a country like India , which is yet in a developing stage

Electoral Reforms In India

Indian Democracy

  • India is a vibrant democracy with people electing their representatives at several levels beginning from local bodies & panchayats to the Parliament.

India is the largest democracy in the world. Elections are the most integral and important part of politics in a democratic system of governance. True democracy can function only when elections to the offices of power are held in a free and fair manner.

However, corrupt politicians with criminal records, caste- and religion-based politics, and allegations of vote-buying, have defeated the very purpose of such democratic process.

Issues in Electoral Politics in India


There are multiple issues plaguing the electoral process in India. Some of the most prominent ones are mentioned below.

Money Power

In every constituency, candidates have to spend crores of rupees for campaigning, publicity, etc. Most candidates far exceed the permissible limit of expenses.

Muscle Power

In certain parts of the country, there are widespread reports of illegal and untoward incidents during polling such as the use of violence, intimidation, booth capturing, etc.

Criminalisation of Politics and Politicization of Criminals

Criminals enter into politics and ensure that money and muscle power wins them elections, so that the cases against them are not proceeded with. Political parties are also happy as long as they have winnable candidates. Political parties field criminals in elections for funds and in return provide them with political patronage and protection.

Vote-buying: 

The rise of illegitimate expenditure on vote-buying has become a matter of great concern as it is making only the rich to be more qualified to become an MP (Member of Parliament) or an MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly) over a well-qualified public-spirited person.

  • As can be seen, out of 533 candidates elected to the 17th Lok Sabha (2019-present), 475 Parliamentarians (accounting for 88%) are ‘crorepatis’. This reflects the paradoxical situation of poor India with rich Parliamentarians raising concerns about the growing role of money power in politics.

Casteism

There are cases of certain caste groups lending strong support to particular political parties. Thus, political parties make offers to win over different caste groups, and caste groups also try to pressurize parties to offer tickets for their members’ elections. Voting on caste lines is prevalent in the country and this is a serious blotch on democracy and equality. This also creates rifts in the country.

Communalism 

Communal polarization poses a serious threat to the Indian political ethos of pluralism, parliamentarianism, secularism and federalism.

Flaws in the Criminal Justice System

  • In India, an accused is presumed to be innocent unless pronounced guilty by the Courts. The rate of conviction for politicians is abysmally low, with just 6% in criminal cases. This implies that a large number of accused politicians with criminal background actually go unpunished from a Court of law, and are not disqualified from contesting elections further.

Measures by ECI:

Measures by Judiciary

Supreme Court in following cases recommended various reforms:

  • In Union of India versus Association of Democratic Reforms 2002 case: Contesting candidates need to disclose all their assets and liabilities, criminal convictions, etc. at the time of filing their nomination paper.
  • In Ramesh Dalal versus Union of India 2005 case: A legislator is disqualified from contesting elections if, on the day of filing the nomination papers, he/she stands convicted in a Court of law.
  • In Lily Thomas versus Union of India 2013 case: The nature of disqualification for being a member of the House as provided under Article 101(3) & 190(3) is automatic and takes place with immediate effect.
  • In People’s Union of Civil Liberties versus Union of India 2013 case: Voters enjoy “Right to Negative Vote” in the election process and directed the ECI to include the choice of “NOTA” in the ballot paper.

Following are the Constitutional articles related to electoral reforms:

1. Article 324-329 deals with elections and electoral reforms.

2. Article 324 deals with the Superintendence, direction, and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.

3. Article 325 states that no person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.

4. Article 326 deals with the Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.

5. Article 327 provides power to the Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.

6. Article 328 provides power to Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.

7. Article 329 provides to create a bar on the court to make any interference by courts relating to electoral matters.

Reforms needed:

  • Law Commission in its 255th Report on Electoral Reforms inter-alia recommended strengthening of the office of the ECI in order to provide more independence and tooth to the institution.
  • The ‘First Past the Post System’, in which a person with the highest votes (even with one extra vote) is declared winner, needs to be changed. Rather, a minimum percentage of total votes polled can be fixed for declaring a candidate as the winner. This could restrict the criminals from getting elected as not everybody in a constituency votes on party lines.

At Party Level

  • Limit on Party Expenditure: There must be a limit on the expenditure of the party. A time frame must be set for accounting the expenditure of parties and must be made public before the actual date of elections so that the voters and the concerned authorities could be priorly informed.
    • Consequently, audit of political parties accounts must be conducted in order to make them accountable.
  • Political parties need to be brought under the ambit of Right to Information Act (RTI) Act, 2005.
  • All parties should be given equal media space or air time so as to provide a level playing field.

At Voter’s Level: 

Voters need to be educated regarding the significance of their vote. They should be made aware & well-informed about the candidate they seek to vote, thereby rejecting those who try to entice them with freebies.

Conclusion

In conclusion it can be said that the Election Commission of India needs to be stricter regarding the implementation of the election reforms. It is observed that the Election Commission is working on a “Chalta hai Attitude” which is not good for the development of the healthy democracy in the country.

Right to privacy

A very fascinating development in indian constitution give dimension to article 21. Article 21 is considered as heart of fundamental rights. It includes right to privacy that is an intrinsic part of right to life and personal liberty guaranteed by part III of the constitution.
Privacy- A state in which one is not observed or disturbed by other people. Legally it is right to be left alone or freedom from interference or intrusion.
In 2012, Justice K.S Puttaswamy, a retired judge of HC , filed a writ petition in SC challenging the constitutional validity of Aadhaar scheme that violates right to privacy. Before, this in MP Sharma vs Satish Chandra,1954 (8 Judge bench) and Kharak Singh vs State of UP, 1964 ( 6 judge bench) government argued that there was no constitutional right to privacy in article 14, 19 and 21. This matter was first placed before 5 Judge Bench and subsequently reffered to 9 Judge Bench on 18 July, 2017.
Issues- Whether Right to privacy is an intrinsic part of right to life and personal liberty under article 21

  • Whether decision in MP Sharma vs Satish Chandra and Kharak Singh vs State of UP is correct in law??
    Judgment
  • A nine Judge bench upheld that right to Privacy is a fundamental right and is protected under article 21.
  • They overruled previous judgements i.e. MP Sharma vs Satish Chandra and Kharak Singh vs State of UP in which it was it held that there is no fundamental right to privacy.
  • Also , the triple test laid down in the judgement to check if it infringe privacy.
    1) Existence of a law that would legalise the collection of data.
    2) The purpose goal is national interest, security etc that justifies collection of data.
    3) Test of proportionality to establish the connection between data collection and the objective which state is claiming to achieve.
  • The SC also said that sexuality or sexual orientation is also protected under privacy. Thus had an impact on SC judgement in one of the leading case i.e. Navtej Singh Johar Case that declare Section 377 of IPC unconstitutional and curtail Right to privacy.
  • The judgement also recognised the right to food as right under larger ambit of privacy.
  • The judgment also stressed on the need for a data protection law to keep data in privacy.
  • Based on triple test, Aadhar was declared constitutional.
    Conclusion
    In this judgement SC declared Privacy to be an integral part of the constitution which comes under the combit of Article 14 to 21 , part 3 and others.
    Article 14,19,and 21 is the golden triangle under which right to privacy is protected.

THE IMPLICATIONS AND EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE LEGAL FRATERNITY AND THE NEW AVENUES OF OPPORTUNITIES IT HAS CREATED

INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health crisis which has affected the entire Economy and it’s stakeholders especially from the macro economy angle. Due to the novel coronavirus which spread widely the entire supply chain has been badly hit, not only has it disrupted and cut-off the Indian Economy but this has resulted in widespread economic losses across all the economies of the world.

It has caused widespread damages, hinderances and inconvenience especially in regards to the interruptions of people’s movement which has in turn halted and jolted the entire production line and activities which also poses as a serious risk to the macro economy.

Apart from having devastating and damaging effects on human lives, it has claimed over 543,605 lives and infected over 11 million people all around the world. The novel coronavirus (COVID- 19) has significantly knocked down not just the Chinese economy from where it emerged but also the global economy.

Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund has officially confirmed that we have entered into a recession as bad as or even worse than that of 2009.

In order to revive the economy by 2021 we first must contain the virus at the earliest by hook or by crook. In Italy the number of confirmed cases are increasing and depicting a spiking up trend with over 1.8 million in the United States and also the number of deaths increasing in Italy and the UK which was under a 6 months long lockdown, this seems like a far blown possibility.

FACTORS REQUIRED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF COVID–19

There are 3 factors which is to be analysed and discussed in order to get a clear understanding about the plausible damages caused due to this pandemic, they are as follows:-

1) Demand

2) Supply

3) Finance.

On the demand side declining income, fear of contagion, reduced working hours, possible layoffs, absence of vaccine has detrimental effect especially in the service sector.

On the supply chain as the manufacturing line took a bad hit and almost came to a standstill, the manufacturing activities in the most affected regions were badly affected and this resulted in bottlenecks in the global value chain

China is reopening its factories but due to the COVID-19 pandemic the manufacturing companies abroad are finding it exceedingly difficult to purchase products in and ship them out of China.

The Covid-19 is posing an unprecedented Global Public Health Emergency and this has resulted in also creating financial distress in the form of drying up of liquidity, providing credit and meeting contractual obligations.

As a matter of fact, demand, supply or financial disruptions, might not directly affect but they do have a profound indirect effect on the legal field.

IMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE LEGAL FRATERNITY

The last two decades have seen an exponential growth in the legal field. As per the Bar Council of India( apex body of Indian Legal Professionals) the Indian legal profession consists of approximately 1.2 million registered advocates, around 950 law schools and approximately 400-500 thousand law students across the country and high numbers are seen across the world. This data is as per the Vision Statement of the year 2011-2013.

While the supply side of the legal education remains almost the same year after year, barring minor changes, this recession will surely contract the manufacturing and service sector. Thus, the demand for the new entrants in the legal industry might observe a sharp fall.

As the economy is in a recession due to COVID-19 pandemic, the legal industry will be affected by it, but How? In order to predict the future the past must be examined. In 2008 Global economic crises the event’s that took place need to be analysed and only then we will know how brave the 2020 recession shall be as the contours of legal landscape look more or less the same.

The impact of an economic recession on the legal profession has been disastrous as this has resulted in mass layoffs, hire freezing and salary decreases and this has in turn rendered an overwhelming amount of law graduates unemployed.

The legal field in the last decade witnessed methodical changes, remoulding and a tremendous shift of power from the hands of providers to the hands of consumers.

Also new skillsets have been developed, multi-disciplinary problem solving as well and technological adoption all of those has resulted in the rise of data and digital transformation.

The law firm dominance and an emerging global legal community in order to Analyze the industry trends it is easy to predict and also which category of lawyers will fare better or worse during this COVID-19 scenario is a must due to the consequent economic downturn.

VARIOUS NEW AVENUES AND AREAS OF OPPORTUNITIES OF LAW THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAS CREATED

People/Businesses will always require trained legal professionals in the long run. Certain areas of law will be in great demand in comparison to others.

With increasing health crisis all over the globe, there will be a great requirement for health care lawyers. High value mergers and acquisition areas of corporate law may dry up. A

Attention will turn towards restructuring, insolvency, bankruptcy and litigation work. Firms with varied practice areas are more likely to perform better during recession. Policy lawyers will be in favour as new companies will aggressively invest on policy lawyers to move far ahead from traditional industries.

With business downsizing, decline in job market and hire freezing there will be a lot of scope for Public Interest Litigation/Class Action, Labour and Employment lawyers. Global Environmental Catastrophe is not far away and Environment will be a highly litigated issue. Thereby creating a need for efficient Environmental and Animal Right Lawyers. 

As part of Alternative Dispute Resolution, Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration are effective ways of resolving a dispute. Parties to the dispute will lack the means viz., time and money to pursue litigation post the covid-19 pandemic and will prefer arbitration, mediation and negotiation.

International Arbitration is facing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the travel restrictions in place but, even with inhibiting factors of the currently available technology the post covid phase will see tremendous growth in usage of technological methods for dispute resolution i.e., online dispute resolution; video conferencing; chats; teleconferencing etc.

Lease disputes will burst at the seams, tenants are already serving notices invoking Force Majeure clause. Hence, Property Law will have scope for development.

SUPPLY CHAINS MOVING OUT OF CHINA

Due to existing trade war between USA and CHINA and thepending legal suit against China for the spread of COVID-19, hedging the risks of MNC’s corporations are mulling, moving their production out of China. The ongoing pandemic has only worked as a catalyst to this process.

Japanese, South Korean and Taiwanese multinational companies have already started moving their Chinese production facilities to countries with favourable business policy regime and friendlier International relations viz.Vietnam and other South East Asian Countries.

The warm ties between India and the USA pegs India as a potential production hub. In case of such an eventuality Asian transactional lawyers will benefit tremendously.

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

Providers that have embraced technological advances have a sure shot success through the recession period.

The Supreme Court of India has started hearing urgent matters via video conferencing. E-filings make the courts productive as it saves time from lengthy paperwork. Such circumstances will give young techno savvy lawyers an edge over the established lawyers.

JOBS

The Post Covid-19 phase will open the doors for a lot of young and aspiring lawyers as well as experienced lawyers who are open to the idea of juggling between different practice areas.

Senior Advocates who are otherwise experts in their respective fields but not adept at using technology will now be forced to employ younger and technologically savvy lawyers in their traditional offices.

The legal process analyst will have the job of analyzing a piece of legal work, subdividing the assignment into meaningful and manageable chunks, and identifying the most appropriate supplier of services for each. This task requires deep legal insight and experience. This individual will often be employed within an in-house legal department, rather than at a law firm. 

Legal Risk Managers will emerge who will have to anticipate a problem and propose solutions.

AI/Algorithm/Blockchain Dispute Resolution will emerge to deal with matters related to Motor Accidents or Consumer Compensation etc. 

Virtual law libraries will emerge and the experience of Senior Advocates or Lawyers will be necessary for writing monographs and book reviews.

Online Legal Services will throw open an array of a lot more new practice areas for lawyers, who were till now, practicing their skills using traditional methods.

CONCLUSION

We are living in an era of revolutionary changes and technological advancements and we must consider how vast and far stretched the paradigm shifts in information technology have taken place which is a boon for the entire legal fraternity.

Even biomedical research, genetic discoveries, biotechnological advances and nanotechnology have changed our world.

One must observe how deeply the LPG has influenced the exchanges of legal and other professional services. This has led to the homogenization of cultural trends and consumption patterns across the world.

What more, even the viruses of both biological as well as software kinds have become all pervasive. This has resulted in the reduction of the mortality rates across the country, as a by-product of which we are experiencing a massive population growth.

Due to the Global climate change and acute scarcity of resources which has resulted in mass migration of the humanity in search of better pastures, it has resulted in the shifts of each day which generates the fundamental questions and answers which shall alter the shape of the human experience.

It is certain that lawyers will play an indispensable role in tackling it with the help of these developments and harnessing the opportunities to secure an orderly change and which will in turn enhance the human welfare in the much larger context.

The period of Economic Downturn is critical for every field. It has a huge impact on global healthcare facilities and legal professionals around the world. Though, the legal profession is more resilient to the recession than many others but it hops in the economic downturn.

The law firms and individual practitioners who widen their horizons by welcoming the opportunities will adapt to and triumph the current situation.

The legal profession should take advantage of the ongoing paradigm shift to develop liberalized business structures that allow the firms to build and develop a sustainable and competitive practices so that it will result in the evolution of the market for legal services.

Till date no panacea exists for the situation at hand unless there is an immediate containment of the disease and invention of the vaccine, the world as we know it will never be the same again.

This will not only require targeted and active macroeconomic measures but a series of medical policies as well. Until a permanent solution is found, the legal fraternity has to proactively explore the fields of law for upcoming opportunities and sow seeds of progression, which will bear fruits for the generations to come. “

WEBSITES REFERRED

(i)https://www.livelaw.in/columns/covid19-implications-and-opportunities-for-legal-fraternity-159981

(ii)https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditcinf2020d1.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjauIzYxtbqAhUZcCsKHZthBrYQFjAAegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw0Zu_NO83-RoIZdwlHESjQ

(iii)https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/03/27/sp032720-opening-remarks-at-press-briefing-following-imfc-conference-call

(iv)https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/international/covid19-uk-braces-for-six-month-haul

(v) http://www.unido.or.jp/en/news/6801/

(vi)https://www.forbes.com/sites.markcohen1/2019/01/23/how-will-legal-providers-be-affected-by-the-next-recession/#55eb3c9e3033

(vii)https://m.businesstoday.in/story/usd-20-trillion-lawsuit-against-china-us-group-says-coronavirus-bioweapon/1/399071.html

(viii)https://www.mccarthy.ca/en/insights/blogs/international-arbitration-blog/how-will-covid-19-shape-future-arbitration

(ix)https://legal-tech-blog.de/legal-tech-book-series-tomorrows-lawyers-by-richard-susskind-part-3

(x)https://today.law.harvard.edu/feature/points-of-inflection-a-conversation-with-a-new-dean/

(xi)https://tribune.com.pk/story/1456527/prime-minister-must-step-says-legal-fraternity?amp=1

(xii)https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/law-fields-related-square-line-vector-1397201126

(xiii)https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-hand-marker-writing-supply-chain-management-concept-image64409438

(xiv)https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photos-kids-jobs-law-image7350038

Music: A wonderful companion and healer.


When in confusion, or when i am sad my only escape is music. Music takes me to the world where i literally forget all my sorrows and pain and feel as if i am on the cloud nine or in another dream world.
Music has always been my best friend just as books and coffee. Even for a while it actually shuts the door of reality and makes everything clear and visible be it your imagination or dreamy world.
There are varities of generes in music and different people have their different taste in music.
From heartbreaks to celebration, from travelling to our evening walks music has always been there.
Music always has strong impact on our day to life in the following ways:
Memory: Sometimes if we hear a certain song it can bring back a lot of memories be it romantic, sad, happy or funny. Music can help us feel nostalgic and often helps us in reconnecting with moments and memories. Elderly people who are suffering memory loss, if they hear a favorite old song it can bring back happier times. Music helps to have a sense of continuity.

Anxiety: We all have a different inner peace or rhythm and anxiety disrupts this because it triggers the flight instinct. Anxiety amounts to bottled up unexpressed energy.
The art lies in finding the right sort of music that connects with your mood. Thankfully, you don’t need to be musical or a skilled musician to use music to help your performance or to enhance your mood. Drums or beat boxing relieve tension or the symptoms of anxiety. Both mediums involve release through energetic, physical movement and sound and this can distract you from the repetitive worrying thoughts that come with anxiety.

Focus: Listen to your favourite playlist or learn an instrument. Listening to your favorite playlist can help to settle your heart rate and distract you from disturbing external noises. In this way you can take stock of your surroundings and feel more comfortable. Focus and resolve is improved through patiently discovering how to co-ordinate the different aspects of playing an instrument.
Learning instrument demands a focus on your own music as well an ability to listen to how it all fits together so that you are aware of all that is going on around you.

Motor Skills: Try gentle singing as it involves rhythm which is central to the improvement of motor skills. Music is used in physical training to help with motor skills by working on diagonal coordination, balance, eye coordination and muscle memory by connecting the mental and physical processes.

Depression: Try classical music if you suffer from insomnia which may be may be linked to stress and anxiety or too early morning wakening which is a symptom of depression. If you wake up too early feeling afraid, sad or lonely, try putting the radio on for company – then you may feel less alone.
Have the volume just low enough to hear and choose your favourite radio station.

Academic Performance: You could practice a musical instrument. This is associated with enhanced verbal ability, the ability to work things out and improved motor co-ordination. Individual instrumental lessons give a person confidence, better physical coordination and improved attention span and mental processing.

Exercise Motivation: Research has shown that music can sustain activity for longer as well as help distract from pain and fatigue.
Choosing music you actually like and enjoy is the essential first step, research has found, perhaps because enjoying music will make you feel comfortable and this will help enhance performance and allow you to exercise.

Tips to take care of your fur buddies in monsoon.


Pets also need as much as care in rainy seasons as we humans need. As monsoon has arrived almost in every part of the country. I have a cat as my pet. I make sure that he is groomed well whenever he comes back home. I try to feed him with boiled water as they are also infection prone in this weather. I also avoid giving him excess meet and oily food as it makes their stomach upset. These fur buddies just need this extra little care and love. As all they have is us and being a pet parent it’s our responsibility to completely take care of them. And monsoon being the season of Diseases it becomes a little tough for our furry friends. Your pet can enjoy the rainy season as much as you if you follow these tips:

  1. Ensure your pet’s fur is dry: A damp fur is a breeding ground for fungi and bacteria so make sure you give his fur a good rubdown before and after his walk. Blow drying the fur is also a good option. Your pet’s bath time can also get a bit difficult with the constant rains and no sunlight so you can use a dry shampoo for the time being instead of bath.
  2. Clean the paws: Paws are always exposed to the ground and hence are very sensitive as they can contain pathogens which could cause illness. Since paws are easily prone to infection make sure you cover your pet’s feet with protective boots or shoes as it will ensure that grass, mud or insects do not get into its paws. If he refuses to use them you can always wipe and clean his paws after his walk.
  3. Keep the bedding dry: Nobody likes to sleep in a cold damp bed, even your pet. Whichever part of the house your pet prefers to sleep, ensure it is dry and well covered, as a cold surface is bound to bring joint pain. Also the bedding should be changed frequently to make sure there is no bacterial growth.
  4. Clean the ears: During the wet season, moisture gets easily collected in the ears. Due to this the ear wax and moisture collaborate and cause ear infections. So you must keep your pet’s ears dry especially after he finishes his walk. If your pet has long closed ears tie it up over his head so that it stays dry.
  5. Keep your pet active indoors: Since it is wet outside you can cook up various games that your four legged chum can play indoors. If you have a flight of stairs make use of them, run up and down with your pet. If you have a spacious hall, clear the tables and sofas and play a game of ball or Frisbee with your faithful hound. Or you can create a treasure game by hiding away his favourite treats and toys and asking him to find it. He is bound to have lots of fun as it would test his sniffing and intelligence level.
  6. Monitor his feeding: Since your pet is most often indoors during the rains you must add additional fiber to his food by increasing his intake of fruits and vegetables. This will ensure regular bowel movements even though his walking is cut down. If his activity levels have reduced you must reduce the portion of food in order to avoid overweight issues.
  7. Watch out for infections: During the wet season pets are most often prone to infections. So if you catch your hound itching, scratching, constantly licking and having odorous ears you must take him to the vet.