In Urban Planning or Mapping: A street index is a reference list or map that organizes the streets within a particular area. This index allows people to easily locate streets based on their names, numbers, or grid system. It might be included in city maps, directories, or GPS applications, providing a comprehensive list of streets and their locations.
In Finance or Economics: A street index can sometimes refer to a benchmark or index that tracks the performance of a specific set of stocks or financial instruments, similar to the way the Dow Jones Industrial Average or S&P 500 tracks stock market performance. In this sense, “street” could be a shorthand reference to Wall Street or financial markets in general.
In Real Estate: A street index might be used to track property values, trends, or transactions specific to various streets within a city or region. This could be used by real estate professionals or analysts to measure the relative value of properties in certain areas.
In Postal Systems or Directories: A street index might be used in postal codes or address directories, helping individuals or delivery services quickly find specific streets based on postal codes or other identifiers.
If you meant a different concept by “street index,” please clarify, and I’d be happy to provide more specific information.
Gukesh Dommaraju ; commonly known as Gukesh D, is an Indian chess grandmaster and the 18th World Chess Champion. He is the youngest world chess champion in history, third-youngest grandmaster in history, the third-youngest to reach a chess rating of 2700, the youngest to reach a rating of 2750, and is the eighteenth-highest rated player in history with a peak rating of 2794. He is also the youngest Candidates Tournament winner and the youngest World Chess Championship winner beating Ding Liren of China. He has won one team and two individual gold medals at the Olympiad as well as one bronze team medal. He is a silver medalist at the Asian Games.
Gukesh Dommaraju, an 18-year-old Indian chess prodigy, made history on December 12, 2024, by becoming the youngest-ever undisputed World Chess Champion. He achieved this remarkable feat by defeating reigning champion Ding Liren in a tense and closely fought match that ended with a score of 7.5–6.5 in Gukesh’s favor
Hailing from Chennai, India, Gukesh began playing chess at the age of seven. Over the years, he trained under the mentorship of Indian chess legend Viswanathan Anand, who played a crucial role in nurturing his talent. Gukesh’s rise to prominence included several milestones, such as surpassing Anand in 2022 to become India’s top-ranked player—a position Anand had held for 36 years
In 2024, Gukesh won the prestigious Candidates Tournament, becoming the youngest winner in its history. He carried this momentum into the World Chess Championship, where his skill, preparation, and psychological resilience were on full display. His journey to the title also saw him shine in the 2024 Chess Olympiad, where he led India to its first-ever team gold medal
Gukesh’s victory marks a new era for chess, as he not only broke records set by legends like Garry Kasparov but also demonstrated the growing dominance of young talent on the global stage
When it comes to acquiring industrial ice-making equipment, businesses have to balance cost with functionality and reliability. Buying new machines guarantees the latest technology and warranties but comes with a steep price. On the other hand, used industrial ice equipment presents an opportunity for significant savings, provided you do your homework. It’s essential to assess various factors such as machine condition, maintenance history, and compliance with industry standards. Below, we delve into the key considerations to keep in mind when buying pre-owned industrial ice machines.
Assessing the Quality and Condition of Pre-Owned Industrial Ice Machines
Determining the condition of used industrial ice equipment is paramount. Start with a visual inspection to look for signs of wear or damage, which may indicate how well the machine has been maintained. Pay attention to rust, dents, and any other irregularities that could affect the machine’s performance. It’s also important to inquire about any recent repairs or parts replacements. These could either be a sign of good upkeep or indicate potential future problems. Requesting a demonstration of the machine’s operation can provide insights into its functionality and output efficiency. When assessing the quality of used ice equipment, don’t forget to consider the brand and model. Renowned brands often have a reputation for durability and longevity, which can be a promising factor when looking at second-hand options.
Evaluating the Cost-Benefit Ratio: When Does Buying Used Make Sense?
Buying used industrial ice equipment can be cost-effective, but it’s crucial to weigh the immediate savings against long-term costs. Compare the price of the used machine with new models, considering the remaining lifespan and potential needs for repairs or upgrades. Consider the warranty and service agreements available for new versus used equipment. While used ice machines come with a lower upfront cost, the lack of a warranty could result in higher expenses if the machine malfunctions. Examine your business’s operational demands. A used machine might suffice if your ice production requirements are modest or you have backup options. However, if ice production is central to your operations, the reliability of a new machine might justify the extra cost.
Key Features to Look for in Used Industrial Ice Equipment
When searching for second-hand ice equipment, certain features are critical to consider. Capacity should align with your business’s needs, ensuring that you can meet demand without overextending the machine’s capabilities. Efficiency is another key feature. Older ice machines may use more energy and water than newer models, so calculate potential increases in utility costs when evaluating different options. The type of ice produced is just as important. Different industries require specific ice types, like flake, cube, or nugget. Ensure the used machine you’re considering produces the appropriate ice for your purposes.
Regulatory and Safety Compliance of Second-Hand Ice Machinery
Compliance with health and safety standards is essential when purchasing used ice equipment. Check that the machine meets current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, as non-compliance can pose health risks and lead to penalties. Look for machines that also adhere to energy standards set by organizations like ENERGY STAR. Compliance not only ensures better efficiency but can also signify that the machine is up to date with current industry standards. It’s advisable to have a qualified technician evaluate the machine for safety hazards such as electrical issues or malfunctioning safety features. Overall, purchasing used industrial ice equipment can offer significant financial benefits if due diligence is taken to ensure quality, longevity, and compliance. By thoroughly examining the machine’s condition, maintenance history, cost-effectiveness, and feature set while keeping regulatory standards in mind, businesses can make a well-informed decision that aligns with their operational needs and budgetary constraints.
Laravel Eloquent is a powerful ORM that simplifies database operations in PHP applications. Understanding Eloquent joins is crucial for developers to create efficient database interactions and craft high-performance applications. In the world of Laravel, Eloquent relationships are a fundamental concept that can dramatically streamline the process of working with database relations. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of Eloquent joins, exploring their types, use cases, and best practices for optimizing performance and maintainability. Keep reading to become proficient in leveraging Eloquent joins for your Laravel projects.
Advanced Eloquent Join Techniques and Performance Optimization
When working with large datasets, optimizing Laravel Eloquent joins is crucial for improving performance. Subquery joins allow you to filter or sort data before joining, which reduces the volume of data processed. Additionally, indexing foreign keys and frequently used columns can significantly speed up query execution, while query caching can prevent unnecessary repetitive operations.
To further boost efficiency, leverage Laravel Eloquent join capabilities to create more specific SQL queries with raw expressions. While eager loading can be useful, it may lead to memory overhead if overused. Instead, lazy loading can load related models on demand, balancing performance with data availability for smoother application performance.
Exploring the Basics of Laravel Eloquent Relationships
Eloquent relationships in Laravel are syntaxes used to define associations between database tables, allowing developers to define how different models interact. These relationships are defined within the Eloquent model, allowing for methods like hasMany and belongsTo, which simplify retrieval and manipulation of related records without writing cumbersome SQL queries. These relationships serve as the foundation for all types of joins within the framework.
Eloquent also allows eager loading, avoiding the N+1 query problem by preloading related models, reducing the number of queries sent to the database and improving application performance. Developers can use these relationships to write clearer and more fluent code. Eloquent also handles complex scenarios like many-to-many relationships, using pivot tables for easy establishment and operation.
Delving into the Types of Eloquent Joins and Their Use Cases
Laravel Eloquent provides various join operations, including inner, left, right, and cross joins. Inner joins retrieve records with matching values in both tables, ideal for direct relationships between two models. Left and right joins retrieve all records from one table and matching records from another, including null if no match is found.
Left joins are useful for optional relationships like fetching all products and reviews. Cross joins produce Cartesian products between two tables, combining each row of the first table with all rows in the second. Developers must understand these joins effectively to address different application requirements.
Troubleshooting Common Issues with Laravel Eloquent Joins
Eloquent joins are a powerful tool for data management, but they can also present challenges. One such issue is the ‘N+1 query problem’, where an additional query is executed for each primary record to retrieve related records. To minimize this, use eager loading correctly. Column name conflicts can also occur when joining tables with identical column names. To avoid this, use table aliases and select columns explicitly.
Eloquent’s selectRaw method can be used to define output precisely. Incorrect relationship definitions can cause unexpected results or errors. Verify that foreign keys and local keys are properly matched. If inconsistencies arise, review model definitions. Profiling queries can reveal inefficient joins or indexing issues, allowing developers to quickly identify and address performance bottlenecks.
Leveraging Eloquent Join Best Practices for Clean and Maintainable Code
When implementing Eloquent joins, it’s essential to follow best practices, such as consistently naming database tables and columns to follow Laravel’s convention-over-configuration paradigm. Breaking complex joins into scopes can make queries more readable and reusable, promoting a cleaner code structure and easier maintenance. Avoid over-engineering Eloquent relationships, as simplifying them can lead to easier-to-understand and more maintainable code.
Strive for a balance between performance and readability to ensure a codebase is efficient and approachable. Documentation is crucial for maintainable code, especially when dealing with complex join operations and relationships. It clarifies intent and helps fellow developers navigate and extend the codebase confidently.
Overall, mastery of Laravel Eloquent joins can lead to the development of robust and efficient applications. By understanding the different types of joins and their use cases, employing advanced techniques for optimization, troubleshooting common issues, and adhering to best practices, you can ensure that your code remains clean, maintainable, and performant. With the knowledge and tools accessible through Eloquent, Laravel developers are well-equipped to tackle the challenges of database management in their web applications.
Vernacular architecture refers to a style of building that is rooted in local traditions, materials, and construction techniques. It evolves organically over time, reflecting the culture, climate, and lifestyle of the people in a specific region. Unlike modern or formal architecture, which often follows standardized designs, vernacular architecture is deeply connected to its surroundings, embodying sustainable and community-driven practices.
Builders use materials readily available in the environment, such as mud, timber, stone, bamboo, or thatch.
This not only reduces costs but also minimizes the environmental impact.
Climatic Responsiveness:
Structures are designed to adapt to local weather conditions. For instance, thick mud walls provide insulation in hot climates, while sloped roofs are common in regions with heavy rainfall.
Cultural Expression:
Reflects the customs, beliefs, and social practices of the local community.
Ornamentation and layout often have symbolic or ritualistic significance.
Sustainability:
Low environmental footprint due to the use of natural and renewable materials.
Passive cooling and heating techniques reduce reliance on energy-intensive systems.
Adaptability:
Structures are often modified over generations to suit changing needs and lifestyles.
Historical Context of Vernacular Architecture
Vernacular architecture has been practiced since ancient times and varies significantly across the globe. Each region developed its unique style based on:
Geography and Resources: Coastal areas often use shells or coral stones, while mountainous regions rely on stone and wood.
Climate: Hot arid zones feature courtyards and thick walls, while cold regions emphasize insulation and compact layouts.
Cultural Practices: Religious beliefs, rituals, and social structures shape the design and use of spaces.
Examples of Vernacular Architecture Around the World
India:
Havelis of Rajasthan: Intricately carved mansions with courtyards to combat extreme heat.
Kerala Houses: Sloped roofs and verandas suited for heavy monsoons.
Bhunga Houses of Kutch: Circular structures with mud walls, resistant to earthquakes.
Japan:
Minka Houses: Wooden structures with sliding panels and thatched roofs, designed for flexibility and climatic adaptation.
Africa:
Zulu Huts: Beehive-shaped structures made of grass and wood, ideal for the subtropical climate.
Adobe Houses: Mud-brick constructions seen in North African deserts, offering excellent insulation.
Europe:
English Cottages: Stone and thatch houses designed for cold weather.
Alpine Chalets: Wooden houses with steep roofs to shed snow.
South America:
Chilean Rucas: Cone-shaped huts made from natural fibers, used by the indigenous Mapuche people.
Amazonian Malocas: Communal structures using palm leaves and bamboo.
Climatic Adaptations in Vernacular Architecture
Hot and Arid Climates:
Thick walls and small windows reduce heat gain.
Courtyards enhance air circulation and cooling.
Whitewashed exteriors reflect sunlight.
Tropical Climates:
Large overhangs and verandas provide shade.
Elevated structures prevent flooding and improve ventilation.
Cold Climates:
Compact layouts retain heat.
Use of insulating materials like wood or thick stone.
Fireplaces and central hearths provide warmth.
Rainy Climates:
Sloped roofs to drain rainwater quickly.
Raised plinths to protect from flooding.
Modern Relevance of Vernacular Architecture
Sustainability:
With growing concerns over environmental degradation, vernacular practices offer insights into eco-friendly construction.
The use of local materials reduces transportation emissions and costs.
Resilience:
Many vernacular techniques are inherently disaster-resistant, such as earthquake-proof Bhunga houses or flood-adaptive stilted homes.
Cultural Preservation:
Reviving vernacular architecture helps preserve intangible heritage and traditional craftsmanship.
Affordable Housing:
Cost-effective construction methods make it suitable for low-income housing projects.
Challenges in Practicing Vernacular Architecture Today
Urbanization:
Rapid urban growth often sidelines traditional practices in favor of modern construction methods.
Loss of Traditional Knowledge:
The decline in skilled artisans and transmission of traditional techniques poses a significant challenge.
Perception Issues:
Vernacular architecture is sometimes viewed as outdated or unsuitable for contemporary lifestyles.
Material Scarcity:
Depletion of local resources, like timber and clay, affects the viability of traditional practices.
Future of Vernacular Architecture
Vernacular architecture is seeing a resurgence, especially in sustainable design movements. Architects and planners are integrating traditional principles with modern technologies to create hybrid designs that meet contemporary needs while respecting the environment. Some notable examples include:
Earthship Biotecture: Combines vernacular earth-building techniques with renewable energy systems.
Green Roofs and Walls: Inspired by traditional vegetative insulation techniques.
Conclusion
Vernacular architecture is more than just a building style—it is a testament to humanity’s ability to harmonize with nature while meeting functional and cultural needs. As the world grapples with climate change and resource scarcity, revisiting these age-old practices can guide us toward sustainable and resilient built environments. Integrating vernacular principles with modern design approaches will not only preserve this invaluable heritage but also provide innovative solutions for a sustainable future.
The Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) is a professional undergraduate degree designed for individuals passionate about planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. With the rapid pace of urbanization, technological advancements, and a growing focus on sustainable development, the demand for skilled architects has grown exponentially. This article explores the scope, opportunities, and career prospects for students pursuing a B.Arch course.
1. Overview of the B.Arch Course
The B.Arch program is a five-year degree course blending theoretical knowledge with practical skills in architecture. It covers diverse topics, including:
Architectural Design and Principles
Building Materials and Construction Techniques
Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture
Sustainable and Green Architecture
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM)
This holistic approach equips students with the skills to design aesthetically pleasing, functional, and sustainable structures.
2. Career Opportunities After B.Arch
A degree in architecture opens up diverse career opportunities in various domains. Here are some of the prominent career paths:
a. Professional Practice
Graduates can become licensed architects by registering with professional bodies like the Council of Architecture (COA) in India. This allows them to design residential, commercial, or public buildings and work as independent consultants or join architectural firms.
b. Urban Planner
Urban planning involves designing and developing efficient, sustainable cities. Architects with a focus on urban design can work with government bodies, private organizations, or international agencies to address challenges in urbanization and infrastructure.
c. Landscape Architect
Specializing in landscape architecture enables graduates to design outdoor spaces such as parks, gardens, and recreational areas that harmonize with the natural environment.
d. Sustainable Design Specialist
With the growing emphasis on green buildings and energy-efficient designs, architects specializing in sustainability are in high demand to create eco-friendly structures.
e. Academics and Research
Those with a passion for teaching can pursue advanced studies (M.Arch or Ph.D.) and contribute to architectural education and research.
f. Interior Designer
Architects with a flair for interiors can transition into designing functional and aesthetic interior spaces for homes, offices, and public spaces.
g. Real Estate Development
Graduates can work as project managers or consultants in real estate firms, overseeing the design and execution of large-scale residential and commercial projects.
3. Emerging Trends in Architecture
a. Smart Cities and Infrastructure Development
The global push towards smart cities has created significant opportunities for architects to design intelligent, technology-driven urban spaces.
b. Sustainable Architecture
The need for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly designs has led to a surge in demand for architects skilled in sustainable practices and materials.
c. Digital Architecture
Architects are leveraging advanced tools like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI-driven design software to revolutionize how buildings are conceptualized and built.
d. Heritage Conservation
Preserving cultural and historical sites is a growing field that requires architects to balance restoration with modern requirements.
4. Skills Required for Success
To excel in the field of architecture, students should develop the following skills:
Creative Thinking: Essential for innovative and aesthetic designs.
Technical Proficiency: Knowledge of CAD, BIM, and structural analysis tools.
Problem-Solving Abilities: Addressing client needs and environmental challenges.
Project Management: Overseeing budgets, timelines, and resources.
Communication Skills: Collaborating with clients, engineers, and contractors.
5. Job Market and Salary Prospects
The architecture field offers lucrative salary packages, which vary depending on experience, location, and specialization:
Entry-Level: ₹3–6 lakhs per annum in India or $40,000–$60,000 globally.
Mid-Level: ₹6–12 lakhs per annum or $60,000–$90,000 globally.
Senior-Level: ₹12–25 lakhs per annum or $90,000–$150,000 globally. Experienced architects and those working in niche fields like sustainable design or urban planning often command higher salaries.
6. Future Prospects
The B.Arch course offers a promising future due to:
Increasing urbanization and the demand for infrastructure development.
Growing awareness of climate change, driving the need for sustainable architecture.
Expanding real estate and construction industries worldwide.
Government initiatives like the Smart Cities Mission in India and global green building movements.
7. Higher Education and Specialization
After completing a B.Arch degree, graduates can pursue advanced studies to specialize in areas such as:
Master of Architecture (M.Arch) in Urban Design, Landscape Architecture, or Interior Design.
Certifications in sustainable design or advanced software like BIM.
Ph.D. programs for academic and research careers.
8. Challenges in the Field
While the scope of architecture is vast, it comes with challenges:
Meeting client expectations while adhering to budget constraints.
Keeping up with evolving technologies and building regulations.
Balancing aesthetics with functionality and sustainability.
Handling competition in a saturated market.
9. Conclusion
The B.Arch course is a gateway to a fulfilling career for those with a passion for creativity, design, and problem-solving. With growing urbanization and the focus on sustainable development, architects are increasingly playing a pivotal role in shaping the future of our built environment. The wide-ranging opportunities in professional practice, research, and academia make B.Arch a highly rewarding career choice.
Flash drought is a rapidly developing drought phenomenon characterized by a sudden onset and rapid intensification of dry conditions over a short period, typically weeks to months. Unlike traditional droughts that develop slowly over years, flash droughts emerge quickly due to a combination of factors, including weather anomalies and land-atmosphere interactions. These events can cause significant agricultural, hydrological, and ecological damage due to their abrupt nature.
Key Characteristics of Flash Drought
Rapid Onset: Flash droughts can develop within a few weeks, often catching farmers, water managers, and policymakers off guard.
Meteorological Drivers:
High Temperatures: Heatwaves and above-average temperatures increase evapotranspiration rates.
Low Precipitation: Sudden declines in rainfall or prolonged dry spells exacerbate moisture deficits.
Land-Atmosphere Interaction:
Soil Moisture Loss: Rapid depletion of soil moisture due to high temperatures and lack of precipitation.
Vegetation Stress: Plants face water stress, affecting growth and crop yields.
Short Duration: Typically lasts a few weeks to several months but can have lasting impacts, particularly in agriculture.
Causes of Flash Drought
Climate Variability: Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns can disrupt normal weather, leading to reduced rainfall.
Human Activities: Land use changes, deforestation, and over-extraction of water resources exacerbate the risk of flash drought.
Natural Cycles: Phenomena like El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence rainfall patterns and temperature anomalies.
Impacts of Flash Drought
Agricultural:
Damage to crops due to sudden water stress.
Reduced yields, particularly in rain-fed agriculture.
Economic losses for farmers.
Ecological:
Stress on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Increased vulnerability of wildlife to habitat degradation.
Hydrological:
Rapid depletion of reservoirs and groundwater.
Reduced streamflow and water availability for human and industrial use.
Socioeconomic:
Food insecurity due to crop failures.
Increased costs for irrigation and water management.
Climate Models: Advanced modeling techniques are employed to predict flash drought risks based on temperature and precipitation forecasts.
Indices:
Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
Evaporative Stress Index (ESI)
Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI)
Mitigation Strategies
Improved Forecasting: Investing in meteorological services to provide early warnings.
Water Management:
Promoting efficient irrigation techniques.
Storing water during wet periods for use during drought.
Agricultural Practices:
Using drought-resistant crop varieties.
Adopting conservation agriculture practices to retain soil moisture.
Policy Interventions:
Developing drought preparedness plans.
Subsidizing crop insurance for farmers.
Examples of Flash Drought Events
2012 United States: A flash drought severely impacted corn and soybean crops, causing billions in economic losses.
2019 Southeast Asia: A rapid drought affected rice production, leading to food shortages.
2022 Europe: Unseasonably high temperatures and low rainfall caused sudden agricultural stress in parts of Western Europe.
Conclusion
Flash droughts represent an increasing challenge in the context of climate change. Their rapid onset and severe impacts demand robust monitoring systems, adaptive strategies, and sustainable resource management. By understanding their drivers and effects, societies can better prepare for and mitigate the risks associated with these sudden drought phenomena.
As urbanization accelerates worldwide, cities are increasingly vulnerable to disasters and the adverse effects of climate change. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource shortages threaten urban infrastructure, economies, and populations. Building resilience—the ability of a city to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from adverse events—is crucial for ensuring sustainable urban development. This article explores strategies to make cities resilient against disasters and climate change.
Understanding Urban Resilience
Urban resilience encompasses a city’s capacity to:
Minimize risks and vulnerabilities.
Absorb, recover, and adapt to adverse conditions.
Maintain functionality despite disruptions.
The concept of resilience is holistic, addressing physical infrastructure, social systems, governance, and environmental sustainability.
Strategies to Enhance Urban Resilience
1. Adopting Climate-Smart Urban Planning
Cities should incorporate climate change scenarios into their urban planning processes. This includes:
Zoning regulations to prevent development in high-risk areas such as floodplains and coastal zones.
Promoting mixed-use development to reduce travel demand and associated emissions.
Implementing green infrastructure like parks, wetlands, and green roofs to manage stormwater and reduce the urban heat island effect.
2. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure
Robust infrastructure systems can withstand disasters and adapt to changing climatic conditions. Key measures include:
Designing flood-resistant buildings and elevated roadways.
Strengthening existing infrastructure against earthquakes and other hazards.
Developing energy-efficient systems powered by renewable energy sources.
3. Strengthening Early Warning Systems
Timely information about impending disasters can save lives and reduce damage. Cities should:
Deploy advanced monitoring technologies for weather and environmental changes.
Develop community-based alert systems that ensure everyone, including marginalized groups, receives warnings.
Conduct regular emergency drills to improve preparedness.
4. Enhancing Community Participation
A resilient city relies on the active participation of its citizens. Strategies to empower communities include:
Establishing climate adaptation policies aligned with global frameworks like the Paris Agreement.
Encouraging multi-stakeholder collaborations between governments, businesses, and civil society.
Case Studies of Resilient Cities
1. Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rotterdam is a global leader in urban resilience. Its innovative water management system, including flood barriers, floating buildings, and water plazas, demonstrates the city’s commitment to combating sea-level rise.
2. Sendai, Japan
Sendai’s reconstruction after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami showcases a model for disaster resilience. The city emphasized community engagement, robust infrastructure, and sustainable energy systems.
3. Medellín, Colombia
Once plagued by violence and poor infrastructure, Medellín transformed into a resilient city through inclusive urban planning, such as its famous cable cars and green corridors.
Conclusion
Making cities resilient to disasters and climate change is no longer optional; it is a necessity. The integration of innovative planning, robust infrastructure, community involvement, and sustainable practices can enable cities to thrive in the face of adversity. Governments, urban planners, and citizens must collaborate to build cities that are not only safe and sustainable but also adaptable to an uncertain future.
Investing in urban resilience today will pay dividends in securing the wellbeing of future generations.
References
Acuti, D., & Bellucci, M. (2020). Resilient cities and regions: planning, initiatives, and perspectives. Climate Action, 763-774.
Greenwalt, J., Raasakka, N., & Alverson, K. (2018). Building urban resilience to address urbanization and climate change. In Resilience (pp. 151-164). Elsevier.
Jabareen, Y. (2013). Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with climate change and environmental risk. Cities, 31, 220-229.
Khan, A., Carlosena, L., Khorat, S., Khatun, R., Das, D., Doan, Q. V., … & Niyogi, D. (2023). Urban cooling potential and cost comparison of heat mitigation techniques for their impact on the lower atmosphere. Computational Urban Science, 3(1), 26.
Orsetti, E., Tollin, N., Lehmann, M., Valderrama, V. A., & Morató, J. (2022). Building resilient cities: climate change and health interlinkages in the planning of public spaces. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(3), 1355.
Sharma, S. N. (2018). Review of National Urban Policy Framework 2018. Think India Journal, 21(3), 74-81.
Are you passionate about storytelling, eager to investigate compelling issues, and interested in building a career in journalism? Eduindex News, a leading online news portal, is offering an exciting internship opportunity for budding journalists. This internship is a golden chance to gain hands-on experience in the dynamic world of journalism while honing your skills in writing, editing, and reporting.
About Eduindex News
Eduindex News is a well-established online news platform that focuses on delivering insightful and balanced coverage of global events, educational developments, and socio-economic trends. Known for its emphasis on credible journalism, Eduindex News serves as a reliable source of information for readers worldwide. The platform covers a diverse range of topics, including education, culture, politics, technology, business, and more.
Why Choose the Eduindex News Internship?
Eduindex News provides a unique learning experience tailored to prepare interns for the competitive field of journalism. The internship is structured to equip candidates with essential industry skills and foster professional growth. Here are the highlights:
Real-World Experience:
Interns will work on live projects, including news reporting, feature writing, and investigative journalism.
You’ll have the opportunity to pitch story ideas and collaborate with senior journalists.
Skill Development:
Enhance your skills in content creation, research, editing, and multimedia reporting.
Learn how to use professional tools for writing, video editing, and graphic design.
Mentorship:
Gain mentorship from seasoned journalists and editors at Eduindex News.
Learn the nuances of journalistic ethics, news analysis, and audience engagement.
Portfolio Building:
Publish your work on Eduindex News, allowing you to build a professional portfolio.
Showcase your skills to potential employers with bylines under your name.
Networking Opportunities:
Connect with industry professionals and fellow interns to expand your network.
Flexible Work Environment:
This internship offers remote work options, enabling candidates to contribute from anywhere.
Internship Roles and Responsibilities
As an intern at Eduindex News, you’ll be expected to perform various roles, including:
Researching and writing news articles, editorials, and opinion pieces.
Conducting interviews with subject matter experts and sources.
Fact-checking and ensuring the accuracy of published content.
Collaborating with the editorial team to plan and execute news coverage.
Assisting in multimedia projects such as video reporting and podcast production.
Promoting published articles through social media and other digital platforms.
Eligibility Criteria
Eduindex News welcomes applications from students and recent graduates in journalism, mass communication, or related fields. Candidates should meet the following criteria:
Strong command of the English language.
Excellent writing and editing skills.
A keen interest in current events and news reporting.
Basic knowledge of digital media tools and platforms.
Ability to meet deadlines and work under pressure.
Duration and Stipend
The internship duration ranges from 1 to 6 months, depending on the candidate’s availability and performance.
A certificate of internship will be provided upon successful completion. Exceptional interns may also be considered for full-time roles at Eduindex News.
How to Apply?
To apply for the journalism internship at Eduindex News, follow these simple steps:
Prepare your resume highlighting your skills and achievements.
Write a cover letter explaining your interest in journalism and why you wish to intern at Eduindex News.
Submit 2-3 writing samples or links to published work (if available).
Send your application to editor@eduindex.org with the subject line “Internship Application – Journalism.”
Testimonials from Previous Interns
“My internship at Eduindex News was a transformative experience. I learned the ins and outs of journalism and got the chance to publish my work. The team was incredibly supportive!” – Aditi Sharma
“Eduindex News helped me develop the confidence to pursue a full-time career in journalism. The mentorship and real-world exposure were invaluable.” – Ramesh Kumar
Conclusion
An internship at Eduindex News is more than just a learning experience—it’s a stepping stone to a successful career in journalism. Whether you dream of being a news reporter, editor, or media strategist, this opportunity will help you build the skills, knowledge, and network required to achieve your goals.
Don’t miss this chance to kickstart your journalism journey with one of the most dynamic platforms in the industry. Apply now and make your mark in the world of news and media!
Rupnagar, 9th December 2024: IIT Ropar successfully hosted the Sheet Metal Forming (SMF) 2024 conference, attracting a large gathering of national and international delegates. The event featured eminent speakers from IITs and prominent industry partners, including Auto form, Electropneumatics & Hydraulics, Altair, Tata Steel, Tata Technologies Ltd., Ford India, Felss System GmbH, and JBM Auto Ltd. SMF 2024, the flagship conference of the Sheet Metal Forming Research Association (SMFRA), provided a platform for researchers and developers from India and abroad to present and exchange ideas on metal forming technologies.
The conference commenced on December 5th with an inaugural ceremony. Prof. Anupam Agrawal, from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at IIT Ropar and Organizing Secretary of SMF 2024, welcomed the attendees, including speakers, SMFRA members, scholars, and industry guests. Prof. Rajeev Ahuja, Director of IIT Ropar, conveyed his best wishes for the success of the conference. This was followed by an address by Dr. Prabhat K. Agnihotri, Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Chairman of the conference. Chief Guest Dr. Santosh Kumar, Vice President, Jindal Stainless Ltd., delivered the Rasquinha Memorial Lecture, sharing insights on the latest advancements and challenges in the field of sheet metal forming. Prof. K. Narasimhan, Secretary of SMFRA and Professor at IIT Bombay, highlighted the key challenges in metal forming for academia and underscored the importance of the SMF conference series in bridging academia and industry. The ceremony concluded with a vote of thanks by Prof. Navin Kumar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Ropar, and Co-Organizing Secretary of SMF 2024.
The event was supported by Platinum Sponsors Auto Formand Electropneumatic & Hydraulics (I) Pvt. Ltd., along with Silver Sponsor Altair Engineering India Pvt. Ltd.
Day 1 of the conference showcased presentations by leading researchers, professors, and industry leaders on the latest advancements in sheet metal forming. Day 2 included technical sessions on diverse topics, such as lightweight metal forming, hot forming for lightweight construction, and challenges in skin panel forming. Attendees had the opportunity to engage with experts and exchange ideas on cutting-edge research in sheet metal forming.
SMF 2024 featured a panel discussion on day 2, moderated by Mr. Avinash Khare, Consultant at Tool Maker’s Facility, India. The panel included distinguished experts such as Prof. Hariharan K. (Associate Professor, IIT Madras), Mr. Prashant Kulkarni (Regional Manager, Altair Engineering India Pvt. Ltd.), Dr. Rahul Kumar (Tata Steel), and Prof. Ekta Singla(Associate Professor, IIT Ropar).
SMF 2024 aimed to provide insights into the future of metal forming research and promote knowledge-sharing among experts. The biennial event concluded successfully, with SMF 2024 Organizing Secretary Prof. Anupam Agrawal and Co-Organizing Secretaries Prof. Navin Kumar and Prof. Ekta Singla—receiving widespread appreciation for their efforts. The conference ended on Day 2 with a valedictory address by Prof. Anupam Agrawal.
The Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education, Government of India has been implementing a rolling programme of sample based National Achievement Survey (NAS) aimed at classes III, V, VIII and X with a cycle period of three years. The last National Achievement Survey (NAS) was held on 12th November, 2021.
In pursuance of the recommendations of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, National Assessment Centre, PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) has been setup by the Ministry of Education under the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and has been entrusted with the responsibility of carrying out the next round of NAS, hereafter referred to as PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024. The survey will be held on 4th December, 2024 across the country and will help to assess the competencies developed by students at the end of foundational, preparatory and middle stages (i.e., Students currently in 3rd, 6th and 9th Grades) and help to take remedial measures. The instrument development, testing, finalization of the test items and survey tools have been developed by PARAKH, NCERT. However, the administration of the test in the sampled schools will be done by CBSE in collaboration with the respective States/UTs.
The PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan is a baseline study to understand the achievement of the stage specific competencies at the end of foundation, preparatory and middle stages as per NEP 2020. It will cover the entire spectrum of schools i.e., Government Schools (Central Government and State Government), Government Aided Schools and Private schools across the country. It is expected that around 23 lakh students of approximately88 thousand schools spread out in 782 districts across 36 States and UTs will be covered in the PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024. Students of Grades 3, 6, and 9 will be assessed in the subjects, Language, Mathematics, the World Around Us, Science and Social Science. The Test would be conducted in 23 mediums of instructions covering Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, English, Mizo, Garo & Khasi.
For smooth and fair conduct of the survey 94878 Field Investigators, 75,565 Observers, 3128 District Level Officers and 180 State Nodal Officers from 36 States and Union Territories have been appointed. Also, 782 Board Representatives along with 38 National Level Observers have been appointed in the districts for monitoring the overall functioning and ensuring fair conduct of the Survey. All the personnel have been provided extensive training regarding their roles and responsibilities.
A National Steering Committee has been constituted for conduct of PARAKH Rashtriya 2024 headed by Secretary, Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education. A Portal https://ncert.nic.in/parakh/rashtriyasarvekshan.php has been launched to enable coordination with various key functionaries for smooth conduct of PARAKH Rashtriya 2024. National, State and District Report cards for all Stages covered under the survey will be released and placed in public domain.
Union Minister for Education, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, will launch the PM e-VIDYA DTH Channel No. 31 for Indian Sign Language (ISL) tomorrow (6 December,2024) in New Delhi. Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and Minister of State for Education, Shri Jayant Chaudhary will also grace the event. The programme will witness participation from Hearing Impaired (HI) children, HI achievers, special educators, ISL certified interpreters and organisations working for mainstreaming the Hearing-Impaired community.
This critical initiative supports the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 which recommends promotion of Indian Sign Language to foster a more inclusive educational environment. Para 4.22 of NEP states that ‘Indian Sign Language (ISL) will be standardized across the country, and National and State curriculum materials developed, for use by students with hearing impairment. Local sign languages will be respected and taught as well, where possible and relevant.’
An exclusive PM e-Vidya channel devoted to the promotion of the Indian Sign Language has been conceptualised to promote ISL as a language as well as a school subject, so that the larger population has access to learning the language. The Channel will disseminate learning content for school children (Central & State Curriculum), teachers, teacher educators and other stakeholders in the area of career guidance, skill training, mental health, class-wise curricular content, communication skills, as well as promotion of Sign Language as a language subject, just like verbal languages like Hindi, English etc., for all.
The 7th edition of the Smart India Hackathon (SIH) will concurrently begin on 11th December, 2024 at 51 centres nationwide. Union Minister for Education, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, will virtually inaugurate the event. SIH is a nationwide initiative to provide students with a platform to solve some of the pressing problems we face in our daily lives and thus inculcate a culture of product innovation and a problem-solving mind set. Like past editions, the student teams will work on either the problem statements given by the Ministries/Departments/Industries or submit their idea in the Student Innovation Category against any of the 17 themes.
For SIH 2024, more than 250 problem statements have been submitted by 54 Ministries, Departments, State Governments, PSUs, and Industries. This year, an impressive 240% increase has been recorded in internal hackathons at the institute level, growing from over 900 in SIH 2023 to over 2247 in SIH 2024, making this the largest edition so far. More than 86000 teams have participated in SIH 2024 at the institute level and around 49,000 student teams (each consisting of 6 students and 2 mentors) have been recommended by these institutes for the national level round. SIH grand finale also serves as a ground for open interaction between officials from different Ministries/government departments and students, teachers from educational institutes which is very unique and also very encouraging for the students and teachers.
The challenges identified and addressed cover 17 major areas/themes linked to sectors of national importance and national priorities. These are Healthcare, Supply chain & Logistics, Smart Technologies, Heritage & Culture, Sustainability, Education & Skill Development, Water, Agriculture & Food, Emerging Technologies, and Disaster Management.
SIH has profoundly influenced India’s innovation landscape, empowering students and professionals to address real-world challenges. A pivotal element ensuring this success is the SIH Alumni Network, which, through its well-designed portal (https://alumni.mic.gov.in/), has seamlessly documented success stories, showcasing transformative outcomes. Till date, SIH Alumni have established over 100 Startups, many of which have strong social dimensions.
Call for Guest Posts on Eduindex.org – High Impact News Portal
Eduindex.org, a prominent high-impact news portal, is now accepting guest post submissions from passionate writers, thought leaders, researchers, and professionals from diverse fields. The portal, which covers a wide array of topics ranging from education, technology, business, health, to lifestyle and current affairs, offers an excellent platform to share your insights, research, and expertise with a global audience.
This article will delve into the call for guest posts on Eduindex.org, the high-impact domains it focuses on, the benefits of contributing to this platform, and the submission process to ensure that your guest post meets the site’s editorial standards.
About Eduindex.org
Eduindex.org is a renowned news portal that serves as a comprehensive platform for content related to education, technology, business, health, and lifestyle, along with up-to-date global news and trends. Eduindex has gained a reputation for promoting high-quality content that adds value to readers and fosters intellectual discourse.
By accepting guest posts, Eduindex seeks to expand its pool of content by inviting experts, influencers, and professional writers to contribute original articles. This initiative is aimed at enriching the platform with diverse perspectives, thought-provoking ideas, and useful information that resonates with an audience of students, academics, professionals, and general readers.
Why Write for Eduindex.org?
Global Reach and Visibility: Eduindex.org attracts readers from all over the world, including students, educators, researchers, professionals, and industry leaders. Contributing a guest post helps you reach a wider, global audience who are actively interested in the topics you cover.
Engagement with a Diverse Audience: The platform engages with a diverse demographic, which means your content can have a broad impact across various sectors such as education, business, technology, healthcare, and more. This is an excellent opportunity to engage with people from different backgrounds and industries.
Enhance Your Professional Credibility: Publishing on Eduindex.org provides you with an opportunity to showcase your expertise. It can help enhance your professional reputation and position you as a thought leader in your field. It’s a great addition to your portfolio, whether you’re an academic, an entrepreneur, or a professional writer.
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Improve Your SEO and Online Presence: Eduindex.org enjoys a strong online presence and its high domain authority. Publishing a guest post with a backlink to your website or blog can significantly boost your SEO rankings, driving more traffic to your own content and improving your online visibility.
Contribute to Knowledge Sharing: Eduindex.org is committed to knowledge sharing and intellectual growth. By contributing a guest post, you are part of an effort to disseminate important ideas, research findings, trends, and news that can educate and inspire readers worldwide.
High-Impact Domains for Guest Posts
Eduindex.org covers a broad range of high-impact topics, and guest posts are invited across various fields. Below are some of the primary domains where you can contribute:
Education and Learning
Innovations in Education
E-learning and Digital Education
Educational Policies and Reforms
Classroom Technologies and Tools
Higher Education Trends
Learning Disabilities and Special Education
Online Learning Platforms and MOOCs
Student Well-being and Mental Health
Technology and Innovation
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning
Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
Internet of Things (IoT)
Cybersecurity and Data Protection
Cloud Computing and Big Data
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)
Emerging Tech Trends and Innovations
Tech Startups and Entrepreneurship
Business and Entrepreneurship
Business Strategy and Leadership
Startup Culture and Growth
Entrepreneurship in the Digital Age
E-commerce and Digital Marketing
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Global Business Trends
Financial Planning and Investment
Leadership and Organizational Behavior
Health and Wellness
Healthcare Innovations and Research
Mental Health Awareness
Fitness and Nutrition Trends
Medical Technologies and Breakthroughs
Chronic Diseases and Treatments
Preventive Healthcare and Public Health
Healthcare Policies and Administration
Alternative Medicine and Holistic Healing
Lifestyle and Society
Personal Development and Growth
Productivity and Time Management
Social Media and Digital Influence
Fashion and Beauty Trends
Travel and Adventure
Family and Parenting
Sustainable Living and Environment
Work-Life Balance
Current Affairs and Global News
Political Analysis and Global Relations
Economic News and Market Trends
Social Justice and Human Rights
Climate Change and Environmental Issues
Technological Advancements in Society
Global Crises and Natural Disasters
Cultural Awareness and Diversity
Guest Post Submission Guidelines
To ensure that your guest post is considered for publication on Eduindex.org, it is crucial to follow their submission guidelines:
Relevance to Eduindex.org’s Audience: Your guest post must be relevant to the topics covered by Eduindex.org, including education, business, technology, health, lifestyle, and global news. It should provide useful, insightful, or thought-provoking content that aligns with the interests of the portal’s readership.
Original Content: Eduindex.org only accepts original and unique content. Your article should not have been published elsewhere, including on blogs, other websites, or social media platforms. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
Length and Structure: Guest posts should typically be between 800 to 1,500 words. Your post should be well-structured, with clear headings, subheadings, and paragraphs to enhance readability. Use a professional tone while ensuring the content is engaging and easy to understand.
Quality and Research: Articles should be well-researched, fact-based, and data-driven where applicable. Please include credible sources and references to support your claims, especially for topics that involve scientific research, statistics, or specific case studies.
SEO Optimization: To maximize the reach of your post, please ensure that the article is SEO-optimized. Use relevant keywords that are aligned with your topic, and ensure that the post has a clear focus and is tailored to meet the needs of search engine algorithms.
Grammar and Language: Your post should be written in proper English, free from grammatical errors and typos. Clear, concise language is preferred, and it’s essential that the content is easy to understand by a diverse audience.
Author Bio and Links: Along with your article, please include a short author bio (about 50-100 words) that highlights your expertise, professional background, and any relevant accomplishments. You can also include one backlink to your website, blog, or social media profiles.
Images and Visual Content: You can include relevant images, graphs, or infographics to complement your content. Ensure that any visual content used is of high quality and properly attributed. The images should be directly related to the topic of the article.
Submission Process: To submit your guest post to Eduindex.org, follow the submission instructions on their website. Usually, you will need to complete a submission form and upload your article along with the author bio. After submission, your post will go through an editorial review process, and you will be notified if it has been accepted or requires revisions.
How to Submit a Guest Post
Visit Eduindex.org and navigate to the “Guest Post Submission” section.
Fill out the submission form with details about your article and your professional background.
Upload your guest post along with any relevant images or supporting materials.
Include a short author bio and links to your social media or website.
Submit your post for editorial review.
Conclusion
Eduindex.org is a high-impact news portal that offers a unique opportunity for contributors to share their expertise, research, and insights with a global audience. Whether you are an academic, business professional, healthcare expert, or technology enthusiast, Eduindex welcomes your contributions on a wide range of important topics.
By submitting a guest post, you not only enhance your professional reputation but also contribute to the growth of intellectual discourse and knowledge sharing. Don’t miss the chance to be a part of this influential platform and make a lasting impact in your field.
The use of recycled and secondary materials in road construction has emerged as an essential practice for achieving sustainability in the infrastructure sector. These materials not only reduce the demand for natural resources but also mitigate environmental impacts by repurposing waste products. Below is a detailed examination of the topic, highlighting types of materials, benefits, challenges, and future directions.
1. Types of Recycled and Secondary Materials
Several recycled and secondary materials can be used in road construction, including:
Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP): Milled material from existing roads, used as a cost-effective substitute for virgin asphalt.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA): Crushed concrete from demolished structures, utilized in sub-base layers or as aggregate in new concrete.
Steel Slag: A byproduct of steel production, known for its strength and skid resistance, suitable for aggregates in base layers.
Crushed Glass (Glassphalt): Recycled glass incorporated into asphalt mixtures.
Rubberized Asphalt: Ground rubber from waste tires mixed with asphalt binders to enhance durability and flexibility.
Fly Ash and Bottom Ash: Byproducts of coal combustion, often used as fillers or stabilizers in subgrade soils.
Plastic Waste: Melted or shredded plastics incorporated into asphalt mixes to improve durability and resistance to cracking.
2. Benefits
Environmental Sustainability:
Reduces the need for virgin materials, conserving natural resources like aggregates and bitumen.
Diverts waste from landfills and reduces pollution.
Lowers greenhouse gas emissions by minimizing the extraction and transportation of raw materials.
Economic Advantages:
Cost savings from using readily available waste materials.
Extended lifespan of roads due to enhanced properties of recycled materials (e.g., rubberized asphalt reduces cracking and maintenance needs).
Performance Improvements:
Some materials, such as steel slag and rubberized asphalt, improve road strength, flexibility, and resistance to wear.
3. Challenges
Material Quality and Consistency: Recycled materials can vary in composition and quality, leading to potential performance issues if not properly processed and tested.
Technical Limitations:
Compatibility of recycled materials with traditional road construction processes can be challenging.
Limited research on long-term durability for some innovative materials (e.g., recycled plastics).
Regulatory and Standardization Barriers:
Lack of universal standards and guidelines for incorporating recycled materials into road construction.
Hesitation among contractors and governments due to the perceived risks associated with new materials.
Economic Factors:
Initial costs of processing and testing recycled materials can be high.
In some regions, the availability of virgin materials at low cost reduces the economic incentive to use alternatives.
4. Case Studies
Rubberized Asphalt in the United States: States like California and Arizona have successfully used rubberized asphalt in highway projects, reducing waste tires and improving road durability.
Plastic Roads in India: Cities like Chennai have pioneered the use of shredded plastic in road asphalt, offering a sustainable solution to plastic waste while enhancing road performance.
Steel Slag Roads in Europe: Countries such as the Netherlands have utilized steel slag aggregates for base layers, demonstrating improved load-bearing capacity and lifespan.
5. Future Directions
Innovation in Material Processing: Advances in processing technologies can improve the quality and consistency of recycled materials, making them more viable for widespread use.
Lifecycle Analysis and Circular Economy: Conducting comprehensive lifecycle assessments to quantify the environmental and economic benefits of recycled materials will support their adoption.
Policy Support and Incentives: Governments can promote the use of recycled materials through subsidies, tax incentives, and mandatory quotas in public infrastructure projects.
Research and Development: Continued R&D into novel materials, such as bio-based binders and composite materials, can provide sustainable alternatives to traditional road construction inputs.
Conclusion
Incorporating recycled and secondary materials in road construction is a promising pathway to sustainable infrastructure development. While challenges exist, ongoing advancements in technology, coupled with supportive policies, can pave the way for broader adoption. This approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also contributes to economic efficiency and enhanced road performance, making it a win-win solution for modern societies.
References
Kassim, T. A., Simoneit, B. R., & Williamson, K. J. (2005). Recycling solid wastes as road construction materials: An environmentally sustainable approach. Water Pollution: Environmental Impact Assessment of Recycled Wastes on Surface and Ground Waters, 59-181.
Marinković, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Matić, B., Jovanović, S., Das, D. K., & Sremac, S. (2022). Application of wasted and recycled materials for production of stabilized layers of road structures. Buildings, 12(5), 552.
Nunes, M. C. M., Bridges, M. G., & Dawson, A. R. (1996). Assessment of secondary materials for pavement construction: Technical and environmental aspects. Waste Management, 16(1-3), 87-96.
Petkovic, G., Engelsen, C. J., Håøya, A. O., & Breedveld, G. (2004). Environmental impact from the use of recycled materials in road construction: method for decision-making in Norway. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 42(3), 249-264.
Sharma, S. N., Prajapati, R., Jaiswal, A., & Dehalwar, K. (2024, June). A Comparative Study of the Applications and Prospects of Self-healing Concrete/Biocrete and Self-Sensing Concrete. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1326, No. 1, p. 012090). IOP Publishing.
Sharma, S. N., Lodhi, A. S., Dehalwar, K., & Jaiswal, A. (2024, June). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Recycled & Secondary Materials in the Construction of Roads. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1326, No. 1, p. 012102). IOP Publishing.
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