Introduction

The first thirty years of the 19th century is termed as the period of the Romantic Revival in English literature. The Elizabethans were the first romantics. The romantic spirit suffered a decline during the subsequent ages and it was left to the writers, especially the poets of the early 19th century, to bring back that spirit once again to literature. The Romantic Revival is a broad term used to indicate the change that came over literary sensibility and expression during this period.

The Romantic Revival was a revlot against the neo-classical spirit. The classical mode had outlived its utility and a change was universally felt. The signs of revolt became evident when James Thompson published his ‘The Season’, a poem totally new in matter and manner. Collins and Gray enlarged the spirit of the movement in their odes and elegies. Burns, Crabbe and Cowper also contributed to the incipient revolt against the neo-classical traditions. Among the early romantics William Blake was the most revolutionary and his two publications ‘Songs of Innocence’ (1789) and ‘Songs of Experiences’ (1794) were landmarks in the evolution of the romantic spirit in English poetry. These poets are called ‘the transition poets’ because they represented a period just before the great romantics.

Impact on French Revolution

The ideas of the French Revolution such as liberty, equality, and franternity encouraged the growth of the romantic spirit. The literature and arts of ancient Greece and Rome and the writngs of philosophers like Rousseau also had an impact on the Romantic Revival. Victor Hugo defined romanticism as liberalism in literature. The roamntic outlook emphasised spontaneity of expression and encouraged man’s right to utter his thoughts without restrictions.

Romanticism in poetry

Romanticism is the expression of sharpened sensibilities and heightened imaginative feeling. It found solace in going back to the ancients both in mythology and history. It was also a return to nature. Romanticism was not only concerned with beauty and inner life but also it added strangeness to beauty. Other aspects of romanticisim are a subtle sense of mystery, an exuberant intellectual curiosity and instinct for the elemental simplicities of life. Thus the Romantic Revival brought back many of the characteristics of the Renaissance and the Reformation. The diginity and importance of man was recognised and the emotions and feelings of even the humblest human being were recognised as worthy of artistic and literary expression. The spirit of the Romantic Revival was best expressed in the poetry of the great romantics Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, Shelley, and Byron and in the novels of Walter Scott. Even the prose writings of Charles Lamb were coloured by romantic sentiments.

The Lyrical Ballads published by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 inaugurated the romantic era. It is called the period of Romantic Revival because the glorious productions of the nineteenth century had a close kinship with those of the spacious age of Elizabeth. Unbridled imagination, the first joy of a new found power – the inevitable consequence of the Renaissance and Reformation characterised the Elizabethan and Caroline literature in the seventeenth century. But this spirit of imaginative enthusiasm was subjected to deep scrutiny and close criticism by the growing self-consciousness of the nation in the next age – the age of Pope and Johnson. During the eighteenth century, in society, in politics, in life and literature which is but a reflection of life, it stood for order, dignity, clarity and for a certain standard of grace and beauty of ‘correctness’ and decorum in expression, and for the smothering of all passions and emotions which came to be regarded as barbaric and genteel. Against this spirit the natural reaction was the second Romantic movement which was actually founded by William Blake and strengthened by William Wordsworth.

Victor Hugo describes romanticism as ‘liberalism in literature’. Wordsworth in his preface to the Lyrical Ballads boldly asserts “Those who have been accustomed to the guadiness and inane phraseology of modern writers, if they persist in reading this book to its conclusion will no doubt, frequently have to struggle with feelings of strangeness and awkwardness.”

Dr. Bhupen Hazarika was a genius person, a great human being, a legendary music maestro, lyricist, writer, composer, film director, and producer. He is popularly known as the “Bard of Brahmaputra”. Although he left for heavenly abode on  5 November 2011 in Mumbai at the age of 85, he is the heart of millions in the  world through his melodious songs as well as versatile activities. He was an erudite scholar  also as he won a scholarship from Columbia University, New York and completed his Ph.D. in Mass Communication. He completed his doctoral degree on thesis “Proposals for Preparing India’s Basic Education to use Audio-Visual Techniques in Adult Education’. And later on from Chicago University, USA, he received the Lisle Fellowship.    

  Born at Sadia, in upper Assam on 8 September 1926, Bhupen Hazarika was influenced by his father Nilakanta Hazarika (school teacher) and mother Shantipriya Hazarika in singing with high moral value and character.  The eldest of ten children, Bhupen Hazarika (as also his siblings) was exposed to music by his mother. At the age of 10 years, he sang a Borgeet (Assamese devotional songs) which greatly impressed Jyotiprasad Agarwala, the noted Assamese lyricist, playwright and Assamese filmmaker. And in 1936, Bhupen Hazarika recorded his first song at the age of 10 years at Aurora Studio in Kolkata then Calcutta.  Later on Hazarika sang two songs in Agarwala’s film Indramalati, at the age of 12 years. It is pertinent to mention that Indramalati (released in 1939)   is the second Assamese language film, directed by the great Assamese poet Jyotiprasad Agarwala.

   Dr.  Bhupen Hazarika completed his matriculation in 1940; Intermediate in Arts (IA) from Cotton College in 1942 and then joined Banaras Hindu University for higher study and subsequently completed his B.A. (1944) and M.A. (1946). And already mentioned he was awarded a Ph. D in 1952 from U.S.A.

    From his early life, he was against the caste system as initially people talked about his caste, but he simply ignored them. It has to be agreed that one cannot great by caste. Greatness is proved only activities. Dr. Hazarika was singer, lyricist, musician, poet and film-maker and popularly known as ‘Sudhakantha’. His songs, written mainly by himself, are marked by humanity and universal brotherhood. While I was in Bangladesh I observed he was popular among the local Bangladeshis for his Bengali songs.

    Dr. Bhupen Hazarika composed music in the renowned films directed by Kalpana Lajmi, inter alia of which are ‘Rudali’, ‘Daman’, ‘Darmiyaan’ and also MF Hussain’s directed ‘Gaja Gamini’.

 Dr. Hazarika directed seven Assamese films, one Bengali and one Hindi film and composed music for 31Assamese, 14 Hindi, 15 Bengali and some Karbi, Bodo and Mising films.  The first film directed by Dr. Bhupen Hazarika was Erabator Sur which was released in Calcutta in 1956. He also published books for the children viz., Bhupen  Mamar Geete-Mate, A, Aa, Ka, Kha and a transcript autobiography — Moi eti jajabor.  He was the architect to set up a film studio in Guwahati, the first full-fledged film studio in Assam.

       Dr. Hazarika’s activities were rightly recognized time to time by conferring various awards such as Dada Saheb Phalke, Sangeet Ratna, Padma Bhusan, Asam Ratna, Srimanta Sankardev etc. In 2019 conferring Bharat Ratna to him albeit posthumously even then a very factual decision as Dr. Bhupen Hazarika was a versatile person in all respects and without an inch of doubt the decision is praiseworthy. It is pertinent to mention that Assam Assembly had passed a resolution in 2010 urging the Centre to confer Bharat Ratna to him. 

Dr Shankar Chatterjee

Former Professor & Head (CPME),NIRD & PR ( Govt. of India), Hyderabad,  India
Former Associate Professor, EritreaFormer Assistant Prof, Govt. Degree College, Tripura, IndiaFormer Senior Planning Officer, Govt of Assam, India 

OVERVIEW :-

“Aatmanirbhar Bharat” as the name suggests is an Government of India and a vision of PM Narendra Modi to make India self-reliant in manufacturing and various other sectors.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, India had suffered a lot because many medical equipments like ventilators, surgical masks and sanitizers which are the main safety measures to control COVID-19 were not manufactured in India in appropriate numbers. In many hospitals, Liquid Medical Oxygen (LMO) was not manufactured and was transported from oxygen plants that are far away from hospitals.

After seeing this situation, Government of India and PM Modi decided to launch “Atmanirbhar Bharat” scheme on 12^th May 2020. At that time 20 lakh crore rupees were alloted for this which is equivalent to 10% GDP of India. The 3 packages that are given till now on 12^th May 2020, 12^th October 2020 and 12^th November 2020 for bringing Indian economy out of the COVID-19 pandemic were announced under the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” Abhiyan. This Abhiyan is now extended to almost all other major and MSME sector industries including Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Roads and Water Transport, Ministry of Airways, Ministry of Education, etc. The major announcements that are made under this Abhiyan are as follows :-

1. To improve the condition of hard hit State Governments due to COVID-19, borrowing limits of State Governments has been increased from initially 3% to now 5% of the Gross State GDP.
2. To reduce the working cost of Central Government, Privatisation of Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) will be undertaken. Only certain strategic PSEs will continue to work under Central Government otherwise majority of other PSEs will now be Private owned.
3. MSMEs which are the backbone of our industrial sector will be provided collateral free loans of upto 3 lakh crore rupees. The Government will give the guarantee to banks and NBFCs for these loans on behalf of the MSMEs.
4. To initiate high quality production and empower the MSMEs, all the global tenders of under 200 crores will be disallowed and will be given to MSMEs of India.
5. An additional 2 lakh crore rupees fund will be made to provide institutional credit facilities at subsidised rates through Kisan Credit Cards.
6. A 1 lakh crore rupees Agri Infrastructure Fund will be made to improve and develop infrastructure required for agriculture such as building of new cold storages and modernisation of APMCs.
7. “One Nation One Card” scheme will help migrant labourers by allowing them to access the PDS (Ration) from any Ration shop across the country.
8. More than 80 crore people under the BPL scheme will additionally get 5kg of grains per person and 1kg of chana per family per month. This scheme is now extended upto Diwali 2021.
9. To improve the defence sector by bringing new technologies and working methods, FDI is increased from previously 49% to now 74%.
10. To promote Make in India Initiative under “Atmanirbhar Bharat” Abhiyan, a list of 108 certain weapons and artilleries including machine guns, tanks engine, radars, etc. will be made in India and import of these weapons and artilleries is completely banned.

About 3 months back, our cat gave birth to 4 adorable little munchkins. Especially, one of the 4, with a coffee brown colored fur, as soft as a cloud, big blue eyes and an adorable pink colored nose. It had caught my eyes and I was adamant on keeping him. But alas! We already had a dog and a male cat, both of whom were clearly not appreciating the recent addition to their family and so my mother decided that all of the kittens had to go. It had all happened about 1 month back.

And so the search began- the search for perfect loving safe house for the cats. And we found one. But the cats were 4. And so my mother let the adoptee decide who very happily picked my little kitty. But, I was adamant on not letting go. If I couldn’t keep him for myself, I will at least keep him with me for as long as possible, I decided. And so, I didn’t let him go at the first chance he got nor at second and third. Now, we aren’t meeting any more people who are willing to adopt a pet kitten and so he is still with us. All this had me thinking that a lot of times we do not let go the ones that we love

A BALANCED LIFESTYLE IS IMPORTANT:

Part of a comprehensive stress relief plan involves finding ways to calm down quickly so you can more effectively manage stress as it comes while avoiding the negative effects of chronic stress. Another important way to relieve stress is to maintain healthy lifestyle habits.

Learning to live a healthy lifestyle often brings additional benefits too, such as an endorphin rush, a release of frustration, or added longevity. Many of the healthy lifestyle habits discussed here can also help you to become less reactive to stress, in the long run, providing protection against stress you haven’t even experienced yet

While maintaining healthy habits is a bit more challenging than trying a stress relief method only once, the benefits you receive from maintaining a healthy lifestyle are more than worth the effort it takes to maintain it. The increases in health and wellness that you experience, as well as the reduction in stress, will make you wish you’d made these changes sooner, and can be wonderful sources of continued motivation.

CHANGES CAN BE INTIMIDATING: 

Many people feel intimidated or frustrated with making healthy lifestyle changes for a few reasons, including:

• Not knowing where to start: There are so many changes that can benefit health and wellness that it can be difficult to know how to begin.
• Doing too much at once: People often try to make too many changes at once, then find it too difficult (or let perfectionism sabotage their efforts) and give up the effort.
• Stress: Let’s face it—change is difficult, especially when you’re stressed. Sometimes lifestyle stress takes over and diminishes your momentum.

Given that living a healthy lifestyle can help with stress relief, and that making healthy lifestyle changes can be challenging, the following resources can help you with both choosing new goals for healthy living and with making these new goals a reality by adopting new healthy habits into your lifestyle.

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES: 

Here are some changes you can make to lead a healthier, less stressed lifestyle:

• Healthy eating: One of the most popular changes people like to make to live a healthy lifestyle is to eat differently. Because of the negative health consequences of obesity, the influence fitness has on our self-esteem, and the effects on nutrition  on our stress levels and longevity, switching to a healthier diet brings some of the greatest benefits for wellness.
• Regular exercise: Getting regular exercise is another wonderful way to keep your weight in check, manage overall stress levels, and stay connected with others. Exercise can also help keep many health conditions at bay and is well worth the effort. The trick is to start gradually and work your way up.
• Quality sleep: People often underestimate the importance of getting enough sleep, and getting the right type. However, lack of adequate sleep has many negative consequences—they’re subtle but significant. Getting enough sleep isn’t one of the most popular changes that people resolve to make, but it should be. Because stress can rob you of sleep, and because many of the techniques that promote sleep can also reduce stress , it’s a very good idea to learn more about how stress affects sleep and how to get quality sleep when you’re stressed.

OTHER BENEFITS:

The great thing about moving is that just a few minutes a day can have other lasting benefits, many of which you may not even be aware of. Just some of the benefits include:

• Enhances self esteem
• Helps maintain flexibility as you age
• Improves joint stability
• Improves memory in elderly people
• Improves mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression
• Increases and improves range of motion
• Maintains bone mass
• Prevents osteoporosis and fractures
• Reduces stress
• Reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes

HOW TO MAINTAIN A HEALTHY DIET :

Eating a healthy diet is another part of a healthy lifestyle. Not only can a nutritious diet help with weight management , but it can also improve your health and quality of life as you get older.

You already know about the food groups and the fact that it is recommended that you eat more fruits and vegetables and fewer processed foods. You probably have a list of things you know you should do for a healthier diet but, again, making too many changes at once can backfire. Going on a restrictive diet may make you crave the very foods you’re trying to avoid.​

Another approach is to look for ways to make smaller changes each day.Just a few ideas for changing how you eat include:

• Cut back on sugary beverages. It’s easy to consume excess sugar and calories in the beverages that you drink. Sugary sodas, sweetened teas, juice drinks, and high-calorie coffee drinks can easily eat up your daily recommended allowance of added sugars. Consider drinking plain water or water flavored with fresh fruit or herbs. It’s a great way to stay hydrated and still get a burst of flavor.
• Eat low-fat or fat-free dairy. Switching to skim milk or fat-free yogurt is another simple way to eat fewer calories without having to change too much in your diet.
• Eat more fruits:Add it to your cereal, salads, dinners, or make it a dessert. The fruit is also a great snack after work or school to keep you going for dinner.
• Make some substitutions. Look through your cabinets or fridge and pick three foods you eat every day. Write down the nutritional content and, the next time you’re at the grocery store find lower-calorie substitutes for just those three items.
• Sneak in more veggies. Add them wherever you can—a tomato on your sandwich, peppers on your pizza, or extra veggies in your pasta sauce. Keep pre-cut, canned, or frozen veggies ready for quick snacks.
• Try a healthy salad dressing: If you eat full-fat dressing, switch to something lighter and you’ll automatically eat fewer calories. You can also put the dressing on the side and dip, or even try making your own dressing.

CONCLUSION:

Creating a healthy lifestyle doesn’t have to mean drastic changes. You may adapt to change better when it doesn’t require you to overhaul your entire life. Just pick one thing and work on that one thing every day, letting the rest of your life and habits stay the same. You may be surprised that those small changes really can make a difference.

What comes to your head when you listen to the word developing country? How do you imagine developing countries? Some say developing countries are the countries lacking in capital, resources, infrastructure, revenues, and many more things. So with this, the main target of developing countries becomes to grow in the capital, money. Now here comes the slums that exist in abundance in these developing countries. What do you think can slum tourism help the people of slums and these developing countries in any way? let’s discuss, firstly we need to understand that most people consider slum people completely helpless and they don’t even prefer going there for tourism and instead they prefer going in the urban areas. Sometimes people from foreign countries do want to visit these slums and the government of developing countries must encourage slum tourism. The benefit that will come to these slum people when slum tourism will be encouraged will be that they will get the opportunity to grow economically, when foreigners will purchase something from the residents, then their sell will surely increase. Slum people will also be able to show their talents to others and there will be chances for more job creation. And when there will be job creation, the country will automatically develop as in the sense people will have a better lifestyle and a developing country will move towards being the developed one. Slum tourism will help the people change their perception towards the people living over there. These slums are called slums because there is a lack of connectivity, the horizon of vision of people is very much limited for these slum people. People don’t even bother to show some visit or any kind of awareness for these people. But when slum tourism will be there, people will come to know about the problems these people face and will try to connect to these people. When this connectivity will increase then definitely government will start focusing more on these areas and will pay more heed to the developmental tasks that should be performed for the benefit of these people. We all are very well aware that westernization has completely taken place in the urban area and robbed the national culture. But when tourists want to see the national culture then they will only be able to see that in the slum areas because their people live simply and are not at all aware of the determination and perform all the customs and rituals. So, we just can’t remove the slums but at least we can try to make the slum people grow and so that they can also try to put some effort into making their country a developed one. We can simple just not stop slum tourism just because we want to hide our poor sides of the country from the world instead we should make others as well as socially aware and give them a chance to grow, chance to improve because hiding the flaws won’t let us get rid of them but working on them will help us to get them slowly fade away.

Early cricket(pre 1799)

There is a consensus of expert opinion that cricket may have been invented during Saxon or Norman times by children living in the Weald, an area of dense woodlands and clearings in south-east England. The first reference to cricket being played as an adult sport was in 1611, and in the same year, a dictionary defined cricket as a boys’ game. There is also the thought that cricket may have derived from bowls, by the intervention of a batsman trying to stop the ball from reaching its target by hitting it away.

Village cricket had developed by the middle of the 17th century and the first English “county teams” were formed in the second half of the century, as “local experts” from village cricket were employed as the earliest professionals. The first known game in which the teams use county names is in 1709.

In the first half of the 18th Century cricket established itself as a leading sport in London and the south-eastern counties of England. Its spread was limited by the constraints of travel, but it was slowly gaining popularity in other parts of England and Women’s Cricket dates back to the 1745, when the first known match was played in Surrey.

In 1744, the first Laws of Cricket were written and subsequently amended in 1774, when innovations such as lbw, a 3rd stump, – the middle stump and a maximum bat width were added. The codes were drawn up by the “Star and Garter Club” whose members ultimately founded the famous Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord’s in 1787. MCC immediately became the custodian of the Laws and has made revisions ever since then to the current day.

Rolling the ball along the ground was superseded sometime after 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball and in response to that innovation the straight bat replaced the old “hockey-stick” style of bat. The Hambledon Club in Hampshire was the focal point of the game for about thirty years until the formation of MCC and the opening of Lord’s Cricket Ground in 1787.

Cricket was introduced to North America via the English colonies as early as the 17th century, and in the 18th century it arrived in other parts of the globe. It was introduced to the West Indies by colonists and to India by British East India Company mariners. It arrived in Australia almost as soon as colonisation began in 1788 and the sport reached New Zealand and South Africa in the early years of the 19th century.

19th century cricket

The growth of cricket in the mid and late 19th century was assisted by the development of the railway network. For the first time, teams from a long distance apart could play one other without a prohibitively time-consuming journey. Spectators could travel longer distances to matches, increasing the size of crowds. Army units around the Empire had time on their hands, and encouraged the locals so they could have some entertaining competition. Most of the Empire embraced cricket, with the exception of Canada.[21]

In 1864, another bowling revolution resulted in the legalisation of overarm and in the same year Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack was first published. W. G. Grace began his long and influential career at this time, his feats doing much to increase cricket’s popularity. He introduced technical innovations which revolutionised the game, particularly in batting.

As we all know Tokyo Olympics 2021 are scheduled from 23rd July to 8th of august, and we have a lot of expectations from our players. Olympic is a international multi -sport event that is scheduled every 4 years. and so far India has won just 28 medals since they first participated in this global event.

India’s first appearance in Olympics was in 1900 Olympics ,when India sent an athlete (Norman Pritchard), but a whole contingent was sent in 1920 Olympics when India’s athletes competed in every sport. since then ,India has been part of every Olympics .the number of athletes increased every year from sending 5 athletes to sending 117 athletes in 2016. India has come a long way.

India’s journey in Olympics

India’s success in Olympics was majorly contributed by hockey . India won 11 medals in hockey. that was the golden period of India in Hockey. from 1928 to 1980 India won 8 gold medals in hockey. In 2000 ,karnam malleswari won bronze medal and became first Indian woman to win medal in Olympics. For gold medal after 1980(hockey), India won their next gold medal in 2008 Beijing Olympics where Abhinav Bindra won gold in men 10- M air rifle event. and Vijender Singh won bronze medal in the same year becoming first Indian boxer to win medal in Olympics.

Than in 2012 Olympics, India won a record 6 medals . wrestler Sushil Kumar won silver medal ,Saina Nehwal won bronze in badminton and Mary Kom became first Indian woman to win medal in boxing.

in 2016 Rio Olympics , India sent a record 117 Members but India just won 2 medals. PV Sindhu won silver medal in badminton and and Sakshi Malik became first Indian woman wrestler to win medal(bronze) in Olympics. that was a disappointing Olympics for our country where we won only 2 medals.

But still the most disappointed thing is that since 1900 India has just managed to win 28 medals that includes 9 gold,7 silver and 12 bronze medals. and there are many other countries who wins 28 or more medals in a single edition of Olympics consistently, Being a nation of 1.3 billion people, we have just managed 28 medals so far on the other hand if we look back to any other country like USA or Britain they are way ahead of us.

USA won 121 medals in 2016 Rio Olympics ,Britain won 67 medals in Olympics .But my point of view in this matter is that only population of a particular country does not depends on number of medals won. There are many other factors which contribute in it.but why our country still lagging behind many countries?

some of the reasons of India still struggling in Olympics are :-

1.infrastructiure of country

2.proper funding of players

3.poor rehab facilities and inexperience coaches

4.caring of athletes not only during Olympics but also in their preparation time.

5. one more reason i want to write here is cricket. Our country is a cricket loving nation every 2nd child in this country want to be a cricketer. but cricket is not introduced in Olympics so far. I am also a cricket fan, I love cricket. but the problems of us is that we hardly look beyond cricket. like England and Australia are also very good cricketing nations but they have also excelled in other sports. we should also play and concentrate in other sports to win more medals in Olympics.

Hi and welcome back

Today we will direct new bloggers to pick various sorts of niches to begin blogging.

Is it true that you will start blogging? Furthermore, would you say you are befuddled about where to begin? On the off chance that Yes! then, at that point quiet down. We have raised some extremely valuable niches which can assist you with beginning your blogging vocation with a blast.

Indeed, You should know about your in addition to point, I mean your zone where you can work without getting rushed. Picking a niche is a genuine cerebral pain on the off chance that you don’t have the foggiest idea about your solidarity and your advantage. Here, we have carried some evergreen niche to begin blogging which can give you a thought what suits best as per your advantage.

1. Health & Fitness

Heath websites are consistently in pattern. These web journals never fizzle and this is among the top niches with exceptionally fewer contenders. That implies you get great positions without any problem. Google likes health web journals and wellbeing websites are a lot of deferential sort of sites. Yet, on the off chance that you are picking a health niche for blogging, you should have a little measure of information about the wellbeing sector. If you run a business in the Heath area we prescribe you to begin blogging in this. Clinical understudies are the significant crowd for this niche as they look for more data and information.

2. Web Marketing

This is the niche that has such a large number of contenders however it is best for specialized individuals who know a ton about web advertising, If you need website streamlining opportunities moreover factors then there is an extraordinary niche to blog. Prior to choosing these niches ensure you are wonderful with blogging stuffs and this niche is the generally looked through niche on the planet as there are a lot of online advertisers today on the planet and it is actually quite difficult to get a major name in these niches.

3. Innovation

This is extremely quickly developing niche which never pauses and increment everyday. Subsequently you wouldn’t run low on words to clarify things. Innovation is outstanding amongst another niche that gets huge loads of traffic. Consistently another item is coming into the market so through innovation blog you could compose audits, tech surveys are extreme catchphrases to create traffic. There is a decent niche for the tech fans to started blogging and bring in some cash. These niches additionally contain the cell phones surveys, which itself is the best watchword in Google and in each web search tool.

4. Food

Food online journals are utilized to share the plans of food things. This niche is chiefly for individuals who love to prepare food and for the most part housewife beginning utilizing the food blog to bring in some cash. As they share their insight and these is an evergreen niche to begin blogging. There are numerous individuals that are looking for the plans of food materials in online which makes you sure that you will get great traffic.

5. Profession Guidance

This is likewise among the best niche for experts, instructors, and individuals who know about the instructive areas. This is an extreme niche where you get a lot of traffic from a specifically designated gathering of individuals like understudies, educators, vocation counsels, and so forth You can make a parcel of cash from this niche by showing advertisements on your sites, compositions give you a colossal measure of cash for showing their promotions on your vocation direction site. Consequently, there is an extreme niche for the income part just as for the evergreen part. Presently as you come to realize that to begin blogging you need to initially pick the niche for your blog.

So you can choose any of the above niche dependent on your advantage.

Planning can be defined as “thinking in advance what is to be done, when it is to be done, how it is to be done and by whom it should be done”. In simple words we can say, planning bridges the gap between where we are standing today and where we want to reach.

Planning involves setting objectives and deciding in advance the appropriate course of action to achieve these objectives so we can also define planning as setting up of objectives and targets and formulating an action plan to achieve them.

Another important ingredient of planning is time. Plans are always developed for a fixed time period as no business can go on planning endlessly.

Features/Nature/Characteristic of Planning

1. Planning contributes to Objectives:

2.Planning is Primary function of management

3. Pervasive:

4. Planning is futuristic/Forward looking

5. Planning is continuous

6. Planning involves decision making

7.Planning is a mental exercise

Importance/Significance of Planning:

. 1️⃣Planning provides Direction:

Planning is concerned with predetermined course of action. It provides the directions to the efforts of employees. Planning makes clear what employees have to do, how to do, etc. By stating in advance how work has to be done, planning provides direction for action. Employees know in advance in which direction they have to work. This leads to Unity of Direction also. If there were no planning, employees would be working in different directions and organisation would not be able to achieve its desired goal.

2️⃣Planning Reduces the risk of uncertainties

Organisations have to face many uncertainties and unexpected situations every day. Planning helps the manager to face the uncertainty because planners try to foresee the future by making some assumptions regarding future keeping in mind their past experiences and scanning of business environments. The plans are made to overcome such uncertainties. The plans also include unexpected risks such as fire or some other calamities in the organisation. The resources are kept aside in the plan to meet such uncertainties.

3️⃣Planning reduces over lapping and wasteful activities

The organisational plans are made keeping in mind the requirements of all the departments. The departmental plans are derived from main organisational plan. As a result there will be co-ordination in different departments. On the other hand, if the managers, non-managers and all the employees are following course of action according to plan then there will be integration in the activities. Plans ensure clarity of thoughts and action and work can be carried out smoothly.

4️⃣Planning Promotes innovative ideas:

Planning requires high thinking and it is an intellectual process. So, there is a great scope of finding better ideas, better methods and procedures to perform a particular job. Planning process forces managers to think differently and assume the future conditions. So, it makes the managers innovative and creative.

Planning helps the managers to take various decisions. As in planning goals are set in advance and predictions are made for future. These predictions and goals help the manager to take fast decisions.

6. Planning establishes standard for controlling:

Controlling means comparison between planned and actual output and if there is variation between both then find out the reasons for such deviations and taking measures to match the actual output with the planned. But in case there is no planned output then controlling manager will have no base to compare whether the actual output is adequate or not.

For example, if the planned output for a week is 100 units and actual output produced by employee is 80 units then the controlling manager must take measures to bring the 80 unit production upto 100 units but if the planned output, i.e., 100 units is not given by the planners then finding out whether 80 unit production is sufficient or not will be difficult to know. So, the base for comparison in controlling is given by planning function only.

7. Focuses attention on objectives of the company:

Planning function begins with the setting up of the objectives, policies, procedures, methods and rules, etc. which are made in planning to achieve these objectives only. When employees follow the plan they are leading towards the achievement of objectives. Through planning, efforts of all the employees are directed towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives.

1.

Once plans are made to decide the future course of action the manager may not be in a position to change them. Following predefined plan when circumstances are changed may not bring positive results for organisation. This kind of rigidity in plan may create difficulty.

2. Planning may not work in dynamic environment:

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Business environment is very dynamic as there are continuously changes taking place in economic, political and legal environment. It becomes very difficult to forecast these future changes. Plans may fail if the changes are very frequent.

The environment consists of number of segments and it becomes very difficult for a manager to assess future changes in the environment. For example there may be change in economic policy, change in fashion and trend or change in competitor’s policy. A manager cannot foresee these changes accurately and plan may fail if many such changes take place in environment.

3. It reduces creativity:

With the planning the managers of the organisation start working rigidly and they become the blind followers of the plan only. The managers do not take any initiative to make changes in the plan according to the changes prevailing in the business environment. They stop giving suggestions and new ideas to bring improvement in working because the guidelines for working are given in planning only.

4. Planning involves huge Cost:

Planning process involves lot of cost because it is an intellectual process and companies need to hire the professional experts to carry on this process. Along with the salary of these experts the company has to spend lot of time and money to collect accurate facts and figures. So, it is a cost-consuming process. If the benefits of planning are not more than its cost then it should not be carried on.

5. It is a time consuming process:

Planning process is a time-consuming process because it takes long time to evaluate the alternatives and select the best one. Lot of time is needed in developing planning premises. So, because of this, the action gets delayed. And whenever there is a need for prompt and immediate decision then we have to avoid planning.

6. Planning does not guarantee success:

Sometimes managers have false sense of security that plans have worked successfully in past so these will be working in future also. There is a tendency in managers to rely on pretested plans.

It is not true that if a plan has worked successfully in past, it will bring success in future also as there are so many unknown factors which may lead to failure of plan in future. Planning only provides a base for analysing future. It is not a solution for future course of action.

7. Lack of accuracy:

In planning we are always thinking in advance and planning is concerned with future only and future is always uncertain. In planning many assumptions are made to decide about future course of action. But these assumptions are not 100% accurate and if these assumptions do not hold true in present situation or in future condition then whole planning will fail.

For example, if in the plan it is assumed that there will be 5% inflation rate and in future condition the inflation rate becomes 10% then the whole plan will fail and many adjustments will be required to be made.

Sometimes planning fails due to following limitations on which managers have no control.

(i) Natural calamity:

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Natural calamities such as flood, earthquake, famine etc. may result in failure of plan.

(ii) Change in

(iii) Change in taste/fashion and trend in the market:

Sometimes plans may fail when the taste/fashion or trend in market goes against the expectation of planners.

(iv) Change in technologies:

The introduction of new technologies may also lead to failure of plans for products using old technology.

(v) Change in government/economic policy:

Managers have no control over government decisions. If government economic or industrial policies are not framed as expected by manager then also plans may fai

Plan:

Plan is a document that outlines how goals are going to be met. It is a specific action proposed to help the organization achieve its objectives. There may be more than one way and means of reaching a particular goal but with the help of logical plans, objectives of an organization could be easily achieved.

Single Use Plans:

Single use plans are one time use plan. These are designed to achieve a particular goal that once achieved will not reoccur in future. These are made to meet the needs of unique situations. The duration or length of single use plan depends upon the activity or goal for which it is made. It may last one day or it may last for weeks or months if the project for which it is made is long.

Standing Plans:

Standing plans are also known as Repeat Use Plans. These plans focus on situations which occur repeatedly. Standing plans are used over and over again. They are made once but retain their value over a period of years. Although some revisions and updates are made in these plans from time to time.

Unemployment in India is always a serious issue particularly in rural India as the scope is limited in rural areas. So launching of Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs) by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) of the Government of India is a praiseworthy step. MoRD was impressed by the Rural Development and Self Employment Training Institute (RUDSETI) model which was established in the year 1982 at Dharmasthala, Karnataka by Dr D Veerendra Heggade jointly with Syndicate Bank and Canara Bank. MoRD in 2009 advised all the banks to establish one RUDSETI type institute in all their Lead Districts under the banner of Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs) (www.nacer.in/index_more.html).
It is pertinent to mention that RSETIs identify, orient, train and assist rural youth to take up self-employment as a source of livelihood. The youths in the age group of 18-45 years, irrespective of caste, creed or religion are eligible to undergo training at RSETI, which is free of cost. RSETI has been doing a commendable job in training and settlement of rural youths. The total number of training programmes organised from inception to 31 March 2020 was 1,26,556 where the number of youth trained was 35,00,770 during the same period and 24,41,083 (69.73%) youths were settled. Further, the number of functional RSETIs was 585 where altogether 29 banks weresponsored (www.nacer.in/performance_glance.html).
Each RSETI offers skill development programmes in a financial year in various avenues and in each batch 25-30 youths are selected for training. The programmes are of short duration ranging from 1 to 6 weeks. And to get a general idea few trades are mentioned below:
• Agricultural Programmes – agriculture and allied activities like dairy, poultry, apiculture, horticulture, sericulture, mushroom cultivation, floriculture, fisheries, etc
• Product Programme – dress designing for men and women, rexine articles, incense sticks manufacturing, football making, bag, bakery products, leaf cup making, recycled paper manufacturing, etc.
• Process Programmes – two wheeler repairs, radio/TV repairs, motor rewinding, electrical transformer repairs, irrigation pump-set repairs, tractor and power tiller repairs, cell phone repairs, beautician course, photography and videography, screen printing, domestic electrical appliances repair, computer hardware and DTP.
• General Programmes – skill development for women
• Other Programmes – related to other sectors like leather, construction, hospitality and any other sector depending on local requirements.
The author time to time studied many youths who were undergoing training and also collected data after training that were settled and found earning was substantial. Few names as evidence can be mentioned here: a) Adapa Kalpana (female) , Dharanikota village of Amaravathi Mandal, Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh ( year of study in 2016), b) Ashok Kumar ( Male/year of study July 2018), Hajpurwa village of Warisnagar block, Samastipur district of Bihar, c) Arati Mishra (female/ year of study July 2018) Nirpur village, Samastipur block, Samastipur district d) In 2017, the author studied some youths of Amritsar district, Punjab. The youths were Jasbir Kaur (female), Harjit Kaur (female), Mandip Kaur (female), Navneet Kaur e) In 2019 the author studied by visiting RSETI at Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. Names of some of the youths are Chhaya Bhalerao (female), Kalpana Jagannath Surase (female), Umesh Bhanudas Dhepe (male), f) In Darrang district of Assam names of some of the youths who were contacted in 2018 are Mousami Saikia Gogoi (female), Poly Seal (female), Mira Medhi, (female), Sabita Koch (female) and many others.
In addition, the author visited many RSETIs and cases collected about the youths trained and post-training settlement and earning of income. and found training and post-training settlement was praiseworthy.
It is suggested that wherever feasible RSETI may be started at the sub-division level.