Psychology is a blooming branch, especially in our country. With increasing awareness about psychological problems and demand for professionals in the field, the number of people entering this field has grown significantly in the past decade. Psychology is a subject which can be included in Sciences as well as Humanities because it not only talks about the human brain, the nervous system, hormones and their imbalance but also the human mind, thought and behavioural patterns and many philosophies. An increasing number of schools are introducing this subject into their existing curriculum. Many people also believe that psychology should be taught in lower grades because teenage proves to be a difficult time for most youngsters and thus subject can help them greatly. 

Here are some career options people opt for after studying psychology:

• Clinical Psychology 

For practising clinical psychology, one needs to obtain certain academic qualifications and experiences. A doctorate degree and more than 3.000 hours of supervised practising will fetch you a license for practising psychology. A clinical psychologist may specialise in one field. They focus on psychological disorders, identifying a patient’s issues and helping them through it, and making their lives better. They engage in therapy as well. Good listening skills, empathy, building a good relationship with their patients, sensitivity towards various issues, et cetera are some things clinical psychologists need to be excellent in. 

• Teacher

There is no greater pleasure than passing the knowledge you have to someone else. Teaching. learning with the aim to share it, is one of the noblest professions. After qualifying certain examinations and proving themselves efficient in practical classrooms, those who have studied psychology can teach it. As psychology is being introduced in more and more schools and colleges, psychology teachers are in demand. The biggest advantage is that they can help the students who are under stress, due to examinations or any other issue. 

• Researcher 

A researcher is involved in experimentation to reach conclusions or form new thesis so that the knowledge is always expanding. Apart from or as a part of experiments, a researcher also has to analyse. This analysis is of behavioural patterns, thinking processes, group activity, and much more. Extensive knowledge about the subject is a must along with dedication and hard work. This career option can be taken after practising psychology as well. 

• Social Worker

After studying psychology, we have multiple paths to choose from. Upon completion of the Undergraduate course, we can prepare for the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). If we decide to choose psychology in higher studies, then, we can work as social workers in schools, hospitals, clinics, and some other institutions. Many students are now interested in working in the Human Resource Department as well. 

Even if psychology is not pursued as a career, studying it helps us to understand ourselves better. It teaches us some great life lessons such as empathy, anger management, patient listening, and that being not okay is okay. When we have a deeper understanding of ourselves, only then can we properly contribute to our society’s development. 

According to the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) sources, Sara Ali Khan has denied consuming drugs. However, she confessed her closeness to Sushant Singh Rajput while shooting her debut film Kedarnath. She admits to smoking cigarettes but denies consumption of drugs.

Bollywood actor Deepika Padukone has admitted to the 2017 ‘drug chats’ with her manager during the interrogation by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) in drugs angle linked to Sushant Singh Rajput’s death.However, there is no confirmation on whether she consumes drugs, sources said. The actor was questioned by the NCB officials for nearly five hours. Deepika reached the NCB office in south Mumbai earlier this morning to record her statement in the drugs probe linked to Rajput’s death case.According to the sources, a five-member probe panel, led by NCB Director KPS Malhotra is questioning the actor. Women officials are also part of the interrogation panel. She has been asked to keep her phone aside during her questioning.

According to a report on Republic, Shraddha has denied consuming drugs but has alleged that Sushant Singh Rajput did consume drugs. She was one of the guests at the late actor’s Chhichhore party at his farmhouse in Pawana. Shraddha has reportedly admitted to the chats she exchanged with Rhea Chakraborty’s ex-manager Jaya Saha. The report states that Sara has also denied consuming any drugs.

Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India but whose attempt to abolish Britain’s rule with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan during the Second World War left a disturbing legacy. The Honorary Netaji was first used in Germany at Bose in early 1942 by Indian Legion soldiers and by German and Indian officials at the Berlin Special Office for India.

In the late 1920s and 1930s, Bose led a younger, radical wing, which became the Chairman of the Congress of 1938 and 1939. In 1939, however, after disagreements with Mahatma Gandhi and the High Command Congress, he was removed from the leadership of Congress. Afterwards he was placed under house arrest by the British until he left India in 1940.

Bose arrived in April 1941 in Germany, where the leadership gave surprising sympathy, if often ambivalent, for India’s independence, which was very much contrasting with their attitudes to the other colonised and ethnic groups. A Free India Centre was set up in Berlin with German money in November 1941 and, soon enough, a Free India Radio was broadcast on by Bose at night. Also created for the purpose of a potential future German Land invasion of India was a 3,000-strong Free India Legion, composed of Indians captured by Erwin Rommel’s Africa Corps. By Spring 1942 a German invasion of India appeared unsustainable and Bose was keen on heading to South-East Asia in view of the victories in South-East Asia and increasing Germany’s priorities. Adolf Hitler proposed the same and promised to plan for a submarine, at his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942. In the period that followed, Bose became a father too; in November 1942 a baby girl came to life as his wife or partner, Emilie Schenkl, whom he met in 1934. In February of 1943, Bose firmly aligned himself with the influence of the Axis and was no longer apologistic. He was moved outside Madagascar to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in May 1943 in the Japanese host Sumatra.

The Indian National Army (INA), which was then made up of Indian British Indian military troops who were captured by the Battle of Singapore, was reworked with Japan ‘s support. In addition, Indian civilians in Malaya and Singapore have been enlisted since Bose ‘s arrival. A number of puppet and provisional government governments, such as those in Burma, the Philippines and Manchukuo, had been sponsored by the Japanese. In the Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands, previously the provisional government of Free India, headed by Bose, was established. The INA of the Bose was a model of diversity by region, race , religion and even gender. Bose had a great drive and charism — producing famous Indian slogans such as “JaiHind”. But Bose was considered militarily unskilled by the Japanese, and he’s been short in military efforts. The British Indian Army prevented and reversed the Japanese assault on India at the end of 1944 and early 1945. Nearly half the Japanese forces were killed and half of the INA contingent was completely involved. The INA was forced down the Malay peninsula and left Singapore with the recovery. Before that Bose had not agreed to give up with himself or with the Japanese, but instead to flee to Manchuria in order to pursue an antiBritish future in the Soviet Union. He died as his plane crashed in Taiwan from 3rd grade burns. However, some Indians did not think the crash occurred, many of which, especially in Bengal, believed that Bose would return to regain the independence of India.

Bose’s patriotism was lauded, but his strategies and ideas, particularly his cooperation on fascism was removed by the Indian National Congress, the principal weapon of Indian Nationalism. Although the British Raj was never seriously challenged by the INA, 300 INA officers in the INA trials were charged with traitorous treatment, but ultimately with both a common sentiment and their own end in mind.

He began the Swaraj newspaper and was appointed to the Provincial Congressional Committee in Bengal. Chittaranjan das, a spokesperson for militant nationalism in Bengal, was his mentor. Bose was elected President and Secretary of the Bengal Congress of All India Youth in 1923. He was also publisher of Chittaranjan Das’ newspaper “Forward.” In 1924 he was elected mayor of Calcutta, acting as CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation for Das. Bose was arrested and imprisoned in Mandalay, where tuberculosis contracted, in a purge of nationalists in 1925.

Bose became general secretary of the Congress Party after his release from gaol in 1927 and campaigned for independence with Jawaharlal Nehru. Bose arranged the Annual Meeting of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta at the end of December 1928. As General Officer Commanding Congress Volunteer Company his most memorable role was. The author of the meeting, Nirad Chaudhuri, wrote.

Bose organised a uniformed volunteer corps and also equipped its officers with cut-off shoulder pads. A company of UK tailors in Calcutta, Harman, made his uniform. The British General in Fort William received a telegram addressed to him during the GOC and he had several malicious gossip in the newspapers. As an honest pacifist, Mahatma Gandhi vowed not to be an aggressive, he didn’t like to strut, click boots and greeting. He then identified Congress Calcutta as a Bertram Mills circus, which was causing much outrage among the Bengalis.

Bose was arrested and imprisoned a little later again for civil disobedience and in 1930 became Mayor of Calcutta.

“Technology” was just a word many years back but now it has become our life style. There is nothing impossible in this world now because of the growing trend and upgradation of technology. Technology is the most dynamic feature in this world that keeps on adjusting itself with the needs of the external environment.. There is no denial in the fact that technology has made our lives simpler than ever. You can do anything and everything with the help of technology. Science has progressed so much over the years. Innovation is probably reached heights in every field today and it is doing great. The future ahead is technology. We can absolutely witness the importance and the need of Technology in the current pandemic situation where everything has gone digital and it is only because of the advanced technology that the world could go digital. Soon the big offices were replaced by a room with person sitting on the laptop and accessing the whole system . The schools and colleges turned into online classes and what not.

It is because of the technology that we can travel the world. Today if I am sitting in India and I want to talk to a relative or a friend sitting in Singapore I can just use my whatsapp and talk to him/her. Facebook has enabled us to connect to people we thought we never could. Instagram and Snapchat have become the center of youth. Studies have become cheaper and save tution fees if you just reach youtube and start learning there. There is nothing you can’t do on your mobile phones you have the world in it. Technology has helped Businesses to next level. It has enabled competition in the market and made scope for businesses to compete and make their position. The 2G/3G have turned into 4G and 5G is all set to make its space in the world ahead.

Artificial Intelligence is the most upgraded technology we have witnessed. Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving. We have so many examples of robots across the world doing magic. Recently a robot is designed with a view of sending it to space for an unnamed mission. Even in the covid situations hospitals have used robots to serve the patients as to cut down the scope of coming in contact with the virus.

Even in the world of space where the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are gaining excellence in their field. Who thought going to MARS would be possible one day. Or going to the MOON would be witnessed one day. Artificial Satellites are another example of the achievements technology has helped us achieve. Using the sun for its energy and turning it into Solar panels is only because of the technology we have. Today we can sit in our drawing room and plan if we have to go out tomorrow by seeing the weather forecast. If the weather is preferably good to your taste you plan a trip you go but if it is not you can simply drop it.

These are just few examples of how Technology has changed the world. It is not that it does not have some drawbacks but numerous pros have just overpowered the flaws in technology. If the Technology would not have been so advanced God knows where the world would have headed or we would have been still static and backward. Thanks to technology for the growth and development of this world and it is obviously going to upgrade everyday. Although people are skeptical that Technology or the Artificial Intelligence can replace the need of the Humans but this is not true to put technology to work we always need the Human mind today, tomorrow or any day ahead.. The collaboration of Humans and technology is a never ending bond and will however prove to be the best everyday.

After the race for Women pilot in Indian Air Force, Shivangi Singh from Banaras was given chance to fly the Rafale. Flight Lieutenant Shivangi Singh will be Rafale aircraft’s first women pilot. Let us know some details about Shivangi Singh briefly.

Shivangi Singh was born on 15th March 1995 in Paroo, Muzaffarpur, Bihar. She was born to school teacher Hari Bhushan Singh and house wife Priyanka Singh. Here ancestors were agriculturals. She was inspired to become a pilot after seeing a politician using helicopter to attend political meetings. Jer father has now became Principal to the girls-only government school constructed on land donated by Shivangi’s great grandfather.

She completed her B. tech in Mechanical Engineering from Manipal Institute of Technology and also completed her Master’s from Malaviya National Institute of Technology. Her Marrital status is not married.

Shivangi got admitted into the Indian Navy under the Short Service Commission (SSC)-Pilot entry scheme. In June 2018, she was commissioned into the Indian Navy. She had taken two successive six month courses; first the Naval Orientation Course at the Indian Naval Academy, and the second at Air Force Academy where she trained on the Pilatus PC 7 MkII aircraft. In the six months prior to December 2019, she learnt flying the Dornier aircraft at the Indian Naval Air Squadron 550. Shivangi became the first female pilot of the Indian Navy on 2 December 2019. She was ordered to fly the MiG-21 Bison. She subsequently became an operational pilot on Maritime Reconnaissance (MR) aircraft after completing her training, as of December 2019.

She will now fly the Dassault Rafale with the No. 17 Squadron IAF post completion of the Type conversion she is undergoing, making her the first Indian woman to fly the Rafale. She will formally join the 17 ‘Golden Arrows’ Squadron of the 4.5-generation Rafales at the Ambala airbase after she finishes her “conversion training”, which is required when a combat pilot switches from one fighter to another. She was among the second batch of women fighter pilots who were commissioned in 2017. IAF currently has 10 women fighter pilots, who have undergone the arduous training to fly supersonic jets. After joining IAF, she was orders to fly the MiG-21 Bison aircraft and was till recently serving at a fighter base in Rajasthan, the officials added on condition of anonymity. IAF’s current fleet of five Rafale fighters is fully operational and are ready to undertake any mission. IAF is operating its Rafale fighter jets in the Ladakh theatre where the military is on its highest state of alert, amid heightened border tensions with China.

The count of women in the military is now more than 4,000, but combat roles were off limits to them until IAF took the lead in crushing internal resistance to induct them into the fighter stream. Sub Lieutenants Kumudini Tyagi and Riti Singh have been selected for the helicopter stream.

India ordered 36 Rafale jets from France in a deal worth Rs 59,000 crore in September 2016. The air force formally inducted the planes at the Ambala air base on September 10 though they landed at their home base on July 29. The next batch of three to four Rafale jets is expected to reach Ambala from France in October followed by a third batch in December. All deliveries will be completed by the end of 2021.

First of all I like to clear one thing that I am not related to any political party and neither I support any political propoganda. The reason I am writing this article is to aware people and highlight the negative points of farm bill and analyise the consequences. From last few days farmers are roads, protesting massively against black and unjust law. The ordinance was passed in lok sabha and rajya sabha by completely neglecting the opposition their mics were switched off. The opposition has a great importance in democracy neglecting opposition is making an elected autocracy.

The current government is only working for the betterment of corporate remember East India company was also a corporate who colonised the whole India. East India company also exploited India by imposing farm bills like permanent settlement, mahlwari and ryotwari system. Now same method is being applied by the current government. Now if we talk about the farm bill it is also giving corporates the unjust rights and permissions. The corporates will be allowed to make warehousing of the grains and will sell when prices will go up. The farmers will get very minimum profit on their harvest and most importantly they will be obliged to the corporates for selling their harvest. Government will abolish the security of return by abolishing MSP. Farmers would be taking permissions from corporates for entering their own land their own property.

This system will only exploit the farmers the farms and Indian agriculture will be acquired by the corporates. Not only farms and aagriculture. The Indian government are all set to hand over airports, railway stations and PSU s to the gaint private corporations. The common man will be”ruled” by the corporates. A handful families like Ambani, Adanis, Mittal, Bajaj and Jindals will run the whole country.

Priya Yadav,

Today, man has developed a lot in science and technology. It is now impossible to live without technology. It has made our life simple, easy, and convenient. If we did not progress in science, our life would be as difficult and difficult as before. New inventions have given us a lot of benefits. There are many technologies around us.

Mobile phones, TVs, computers, the internet, ovens, fridges, washing machines, water-removing motors, motorcycles, ships, trains, buses, modes of transport, all have been possible with the help of modern technology. With the help of new types of medicines, medical devices, it has become possible to treat complex people. In this way, we cannot survive without modern technology.

Importance of Science and Technology

Contribution to agriculture
At present, more support is being made in agriculture with the help of science and technology. Today we have good quality seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and medicines, which have increased the yield of farmers. With the help of new tractor and agricultural equipment, agriculture has become possible in a short time in large fields.

With the help of technology, more production is being started in animal husbandry, poultry, and fisheries. Now the machine cuts the wheat crop. In the fields, paddy is sown with the help of a chopper. The machine removes the carrot, potato, radish crop from the ground. Sorting the crop also makes machines.

Contribution to Education
Science and technology are now being used in the field of education. Now children are taught with smart classes. Live videos, diagrams, and photos are taught. Now with the help of computers and the internet, the students find the answer to any question in a few seconds.

Now you get a tutor, teacher from home internet facility who teaches you to live, online. You don’t even need to go anywhere. You can study any subject on a portal like YouTube.

Contribution to the area of ​​traffic
In today’s time, traffic has become very simple and easy with the help of science and technology. Earlier it used to take us many days to go to someplace. But now the high-speed trains have started which deliver them to far-flung places within a few hours.

Now the “bullet train” has become very popular. Bullet trains run in China, Germany, France, Japan, Taiwan, and other European countries. Its fault exceeds 300 km / h.

With this help, you can reach the place at a greater distance in a very short time. Now there is a plan to run a “bullet train” in India too. This service is expensive. Today, with the help of jet ships, you can go to any part of the world in a few hours. It now takes only 15 hours to go from India to America.
 
Contribution to the field of medicine
Currently, science and technology have made great progress. Previously, the diseases from which thousands of people die every year, today their treatment has become possible. With the help of modern technology, it has become possible to treat diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, AIDS, diabetes, heart disease. Now CT scan, MRI, radiation, chemotherapy, a new type of X-ray machine is being treated. Nowadays, many types of complex surgeries are started with the help of computers and robots. Any color like kidney, eyes, the heart can be transplanted with the help of modern technology. An artificial heart is now being used.

Contribution to the field of sports
In the past, sports did not use any science and technology, but now the time has changed. Nowadays, children play video games on the computer. Now sports like football, swimming, cricket, Olympics, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games are broadcast live on TV. Now the score in cricket is shown on the electronic board. Camaro is being used in stumps. Now all the games are played with the help of technology. Every game is video graphed. 3D images are used.

Contribution in postal service
Now postage is sent by airplanes, with the help of which we can send mail to a person sitting far away. Now the trend of online shopping on the Internet has increased a lot. With the help of a computer and the internet sitting at home, we can buy all our favorite books, medicines, ornaments, dot, kajal, cream, oil, soap, etc.

Now the need to go to the market is over. We can also buy our favorite vegetables from the internet. Companies like Flipkart, Amazon offer online shopping.

Contribution of modern technology in everyday life
Today, with the help of Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, anyone can make friends. Making friends is now very easy. With the help of Facebook, many missing people who were separated from their families have been reunited. Modern technology has simplified our lives. Now the temperature can be balanced by running an air conditioner in the summer season.

Summer can be enjoyed in summer and winter in summer. The washing machine itself now cleans our dirty clothes. The oven only cooks our food. The mixer grinds the spices in the kitchen. Now you can read newspapers on mobile. Money can now be paid with ATM card, debit, credit card. Now the need to carry money in the pocket is over.

Contribution to the field of communication
Today, with the help of modern science and technology, man has developed a lot in communication. Many satellites travel around 24 hours in space, giving us all kinds of information. Today, we get weather information first.

Where it will rain, where there will be a storm, where a tsunami will come, we already know with the help of satellite. India has left 108 satellites in space. Now we can call anywhere. Video calls can be done.

Contribution to the field of entertainment
Today, new science and technology are used to make films and TV serials. Now, 3D cinemas have become in the country, in which films with three-dimensional technology are shown. Now at home, we can play different types of games on our TV, computer, mobile phone.

Everywhere we like to go by motor and vehicles. People use elevators instead of stairs. Because of this, human beings have started falling victim to many diseases. Now people are suffering from obesity, diabetes, heart diseases due to comfortable living in cities.

Children are addicted to TV, cinema, social media. They have started stealing from their studies. Today, with the help of science, new weapons, guns have started to be used, whose use kills thousands of people every day.

Humans have made weapons like atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, missiles that can destroy the whole world. Therefore, we should use modern technology in a positive direction. We should try to make modern technology a boon, not a curse.

The 14th edition of NFDC Film Bazaar Online 2020 which was scheduled to be held on November 20-24, alongside the International Film Festival of India (IFFI) 2020 has been postponed to 16^th – 21^st January, 2021.

The change in dates has been made in line with the postponement of 51st edition of the International Film Festival of India (IFFI) to 16 to 24 January 2021 which was scheduled to be held from 20 to 28 November in Goa. This NFDC Film Bazaar will be held in a hybrid format which will be both offline and online.

The Film Bazaar will be held virtually but it will include all sections usually held in previous editions.

Joint Secretary, M/o Information & Broadcastingand Managing Director, NFDC, Smt T.C.A. Kalyani said that, “NFDC Film Bazaar online 2020 has been postponed to January 16th – 21st, 2021. The market will be held alongside IFFI 2020 which has also been postponed to January keeping in mind the COVID-19 situation.”

“This will be a step up for Film Bazaar as it will be more inclusive and its reach will be global. We are hoping the virtual edition will see more people as the fabric of Film Bazaar is intact”, she added. 

The call for entries is open for Submissions for Co-Production Market, WIP Lab (Fiction only) and Viewing Room (Fiction/Documentary/Animation/Shorts). Feature length fiction films in the rough cut are eligible to apply to both WIP Lab and Viewing Room.

For more details visit: www.filmbazaarindia.com

For queries, write to: info@filmbazaarindia.com

About Film Bazaar

Film Bazaar is the largest South Asian film market. It encourages creative and financial collaboration between the South Asian and International film communities.

Created and organized by the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC), Film Bazaar has evolved into South Asia’s Global Film Market from its humble beginnings in 2007. Every edition witnesses increased national and international participation. Over the years, films such as Lunch Box, Margarita With A Straw, Chauthi Koot, Qissa, Ship of Theseus, Titli, Court, Anhe Ghode Da Daan, Miss Lovely, Dum Lagake Haisha, Liar’s Dice, Thithi, Bombay Rose, Soni, In the Shadows, The Gold Laden Sheep and the Sacred Mountain, Moothon, Eeb Alley Oo, Amis, Laila aur satt Geet  and many more have been through one or more programmes of the Bazaar.

Over the course of five days, Film Bazaar becomes a converging point for film buyers and sellers from all over the world. The focus is on discovering, supporting and showcasing South Asian content and talent in filmmaking, production and distribution. The Bazaar also facilitates the sales of world cinema in the South Asian region.

Film Bazaar is held every year at the Marriott Resort, Goa, India, between 20th and 24th November. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, NFDC Film Bazaar 2020 will be held online from January 16-21st, 2021

About NFDC

National Film Development Corporation of India is the central agency established to encourage the good cinema movement in the country. The primary goal of the NFDC is to plan, promote and organize an integrated and efficient development of the Indian film industry and foster excellence in cinema. Over the years NFDC has provided a wide range of services essential to the growth of Indian cinema. The NFDC (and its predecessor the Film Finance Corporation) has so far funded / produced over 300 films. These films, in various Indian languages, have been widely acclaimed and have won many national and international awards.

Abraham Lincoln,(February 12, 1809 – 15 April 1865) was the 16th President of the United States of America. He served as president for 5 years, from 4 March 1861 until his assassination by John Wilkes Booth on 15 April 1865. The name in itself speaks volumes. He is considered the greatest president of the United States of America. Historians and Political Scientists consistently rank him as the best American president ever. Above all, the man is renowned for ending slavery in his country. This certainly created a world-wide awareness against the evil of slavery. In the realm of social reform, he is holding a lofty status.Lincoln is known primarily for his leadership during the American Civil War (1861 – 1865) and for signing the Emancipation Proclamation, an executive order changing the legal status of slaves to ‘free’.

In Abraham’s youth the family moved frequently, trying to stay one step ahead of financial trouble and illness, before eventually settling down in Coles County, Illinois.  Along the way, Lincoln became known for his physical strength as well as his formidable self-education.  At the age of 21, he left home and canoed to New Salem, Illinois, where he signed on to a local riverboat firm.  After a short stint on the western rivers, a shorter stint as manager of a general store, and service as a militia captain during the Black Hawk Wars, he made his first run for a seat on the Illinois General Assembly, which he lost.  In 1834, he won his second General Assembly election and served four terms as a member of the Whig Party while taking up the practice of law in Springfield.  In 1842, after a two-year engagement marked by one cancelled wedding, Lincoln married a 23-year old woman named Mary Todd. 

Despite becoming a successful lawyer, Lincoln did not have a degree. His total schooling, obtained from travelling teachers, is estimated to total only around 1 year.Though lawyers are often considered untrustworthy, his reputation for honesty and fairness helped ‘Honest Abe’ win local elections.He was the first bearded US President, the first to hold a patent and the first to be in an inaugural photograph

Many surveys of the Presidents of the United States have taken place. Many scholars and experts of the United States took part in such surveys. Most noteworthy, Lincoln is always ranked in the top 3 in such surveys. Furthermore, there has been an organization of Presidential ranking polls since 1948. Abraham Lincoln certainly has the top rating in most of such polls.Probably the most famous survey was by Chicago Tribune in 1982. There was a participation of 49 Historians and Political Scientists in that survey. These experts were to rate all the United States Presidents in five categories. The categories were: leadership, crisis management, political skills, appointments, and character/integrity. As was probably the prediction of most people, Lincoln got top place. Most noteworthy, Lincoln got top place in all the categories. This shows his magnificent historical reputation.Many social reformers view him as a champion of liberty. He has the description of a classic liberal by historians. He is a role model to liberal intellectuals and human rights organizations. Some of his avid supporters even compare his life to Jesus Christ.


After serving a term in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1846, Lincoln returned to his self-proclaimed profession of “prairie lawyer” in Illinois.  He took cases dealing with everything from homicide to navigation rights to slave laws.  An arcane statute dispute brought him to the high chamber on March 7, 1849.   He argued on behalf of Thomas Lewis, a public administrator who had taken over the affairs of a man named Broadwell, who had sold 100 acres of land that he did not own and then died.  The true grit of the case was the question of whether or not the plaintiff, William Lewis (no relation), could still sue for damages regarding the poisoned contract or if the statute of limitations had already passed.  Lincoln claimed that William’s action came too late, and that Thomas could no longer be held liable.  After two days of hearings and five days of deliberations, the justices decided against Lincoln.  Despite this defeat, the prairie lawyer was becoming one of the most respected and feared litigants in Illinois.  

Abraham Lincoln appears on many postage stamps in the United States. His image also appears on two United States currency denominations. His sculpture on Mount Rushmore is certainly a world-class memorial. Furthermore, his other memorials include Ford’s theatre, Peterson House, and Lincoln Memorial.

The United States military greatly honors Lincoln. Many believe him to a symbol of national unity and pride. Two United States navy ships bear his name.

Abraham Lincoln was certainly a legendary American president. Probably everyone believes him to be a global icon of peace. His legacy is a powerful symbol against oppression. Above all, his greatest contribution to mankind is the emancipation of slaves. The forces of evil tried to stop him. However, his legacy became more glorious because of such attempts. Finally, his assassination took place at the hands of evil forces. However, this assassination left him as a national martyr. The name of Abraham Lincoln certainly belongs in the pages of greatness.The Great Emancipator wasn’t quite WWE material, but thanks to his long limbs he was an accomplished wrestler as a young man. Defeated only once in approximately 300 matches, Lincoln reportedly talked a little smack in the ring. According to Carl Sandburg’s biography of Lincoln, Honest Abe once challenged an entire crowd of onlookers after dispatching an opponent: “I’m the big buck of this lick. If any of you want to try it, come on and whet your horns.” There were no takers. Lincoln’s grappling exploits earned him an “Outstanding American” honor in the National Wrestling Hall of Fame.On April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed legislation creating the U.S. Secret Service. That evening, he was shot at Ford’s Theatre. Even if the Secret Service had been established earlier, it wouldn’t have saved Lincoln: The original mission of the law enforcement agency was to combat widespread currency counterfeiting. It was not until 1901, after the killing of two other presidents, that the Secret Service was formally assigned to protect the commander-in-chief.

Comparison is a dangerous vice that occurs all too often in our life. And sadly, it seems to be a common stumbling block to hundreds of other young people as well. It’s poisonous influence seeps into a many aspects of our life and our friendships are no exception.

We are blessed to realize that we have some real friends in our lives and love many different types of friends that we have met at every step along the way. We have dear childhood friends, cherished friends from our days in high school, long-distance friendships that formed as a result of summer endeavors and new beloved college pals. And that list is far from exhaustive.

But amidst all the joy that goes along with having such wonderful people in life, it is frighteningly easy for us to compare these relationships to each other.

It looks a little something like this…

“Wow, I had such a good time playing games today with Friend A. But yesterday I had coffee and talked about life’s deepest questions with Friend B. But last week I was in tears laughing with Friend C!”

Our mind starts running at 100 miles per hour, wondering why we don’t talk about Karl Marx’s theory with Friend A, or why Friend C and I never watch thriller movies together, or why Friend B doesn’t make me laugh until my sides hurt.

But this is such an unhealthy approach to our friendships.

Instead of appreciating the elements that make each of our relationships so unique, we focus on what we are supposedly lacking. Our critical mind chooses to pick apart our friendships and become worried when we perceive a flaw anywhere.

By comparing Friendship A with Friendship B, we do each of my friends a serious disservice. We would even go as far as to say that we dishonor them. This ugly habit of comparison causes us to completely disregard the invaluable bonds that drew us to each of those friends in the first place.

Why would we want our friendships to all look the same anyway? How boring!

I sometimes like to think of my friendships as being a tree. Without trying to sound arrogant, I am the metaphorical trunk, and the branches are my friendships. While all the branches look similar because they are attached to the same trunk (me!), they each spread in different directions and have varying shapes and sizes of buds or leaves scattered all over. And in my opinion, if all the branches were the same size, grew in the same direction, and had the same pattern of leaves, it wouldn’t look like a tree at all; at least not a healthy tree.

You may notice that your friendships change from year-to-year — the best friend you had last year may not even be in your inner circle anymore. It happens more often than you may think, and studies have been done that prove the theory that the older you get, the fewer friends you have.

So let’s encourage each other to stop this vicious habit of comparing bonds, relations and friendships.

A popular quote by Theodore Roosevelt is “Comparison is the thief of joy.”  And while the quote is somewhat overused, it is unquestionably true.

So let those branches grow in all kinds of crazy directions! Step back and admire your beautiful, unique tree. And keep the pruning tool of comparison far, far away.

As you can see, friendships evolve over time for all kinds of reasons. The important thing is to focus on the friends you do have and make sure the friendships are reciprocal, so no resentment builds on anyone’s end.

The Ministry of Education is celebrating “ShikshakParv” during 8^thto 25^thSeptember, 2020 by conducting various National Webinars on the newly announced National Education Policy 2020. As part of this initiative, a National Webinar on ‘Credit Mechanism, Mobility and Academic Bank of Credit’’ was organized on 25^thSeptember, 2020 wherein Prof. BhushanPatwardhan, Vice-Chairman, UGC, Prof. R.P. Tiwari, Member UGC & Vice-Chancellor, Central University of Punjab, Prof. SandeepSancheti, Vice-Chancellor, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Prof. (Dr.) S.P. Thyagarajan, Former Vice-Chancellor of Madras University were invited as Speakers. Dr. (Mrs.) PankajMittal, Secretary General, Association of Indian Universities, New Delhi was invited as Speaker and Moderator in the Webinar. Dr. Surender Singh, JS, UGC coordinated the webinar.

The webinar was initiated by Dr. PankajMittalby highlighting the importance of ShikshakParv and the concept behind the Webinar on Credit Mechanism, Mobility and Academic Bank of Credit asenvisaged in the NEP 2020. She mentioned that the NEP 2020 is a much needed, forward looking & innovative, student centric policy where the student is the king having all kinds of freedom like multiple entry and exit options, choice of subjects, choice of duration, choice of earning credits from various higher education institutions and freedom of speed. All these freedoms and choices will come to the students through Academic Credit Bank (ABC).

Prof. SandeepSanchetimentioned that ABC will promote the flexibility, multiple entries and multiple exits, life-long learning and freedom to the students in choosing the subjects and will enable them to design their own degrees as they will be able to choose their own bouquet of courses. He appreciated the concept of examination on demand and explained in detail the building blocks of ABC.

Prof. R.P.Tiwari talked about the role of ABC for creating a life-long learning society and various benefits it will accrue to the students. He emphasized that the main objectives of the ABC are to promote student centric higher education system and enable students to select courses and institutions; allow them to choose a pace for their studies to complete their degrees as per their choice. He also mentioned that ABC will promote access, equity, quality, flexibility, collaboration and transparency to improve the competitiveness and efficiency in India’s higher education system.

Prof. BhushanPatwardhan appreciatedthe attempts made by UGC in line with the NEP recommendations to liberate the Indian higher education from a slew of regulations and regulators. Academic Bank of Credits shall facilitate the integration of the campuses and distributed learning system, by creating student mobility within inter and intra university system. He also emphasized that the ABC may help in seamlessly integrating skills and experiences into a credit based formal system by providing a credit recognition mechanism.

Prof. Thyagarajan during his course referred to the tradition knowledge system of India and felt that 64 Kalas and 14 Vidyas imparted in the ancient time are beingreintroduced in ABC. The ABC will lead to life-long learning by promoting learning and relearning cycles multiple times. He felt that through this concept higher education space will move from rigidity to flexibility, make students knowledge creators instead of users of knowledge and their holistic development and make them job creators rather than job seekers. The integration of skill education with the academic stream will improve the employability and lead to global citizen education.