Category: News

Comprehensive, up-to-date news coverage, aggregated from sources all over the world by EduindexNews.

Think Unconventionally

Let us assume that you are in a situation from which you have to get rid off someone Or in a situation where you have to save yourself. So, in those situations do you think your normal smartness or intelligence or similar decisions which you take in your daily life saves you out? Definitely no, or yes maybe sometimes but not in every case. To make yourself win in those situations you need to be extremely Smart. This is called Lateral thinking or unconventional thinking or thinking out of the box. Go through the following example situations to understand more clearly.

There was a girl who bought made loan with a money-lender. The girl was charming and beautiful. The old aged money-lender was attracted by her beauty. One day, he came to the girl and said that he would give her loan waiver but on one condition. That was, he had a bag with a white pebble and a black pebble in it. The girl has to pick one. If she picks white, she will be set to freedom. Otherwise, the girl has to marry him. The money-lender with a bad intention on the girl, bought the both pebbles of black color. The girl picked one and intelligently dropped it down. As the ground was with full of pebbles, then she said that as the pebble left in the bag is of black color, she would have picked the white one and hence she won her freedom.

A very rich man came to a bank in his very rich car. He said he wants loan and he would keep his car as an asset. The loan granting team was shocked and however granted him the loan. After 2 days, he again visited the bank and took his car back by clearing his loan. The entire bank team was shocked. A lady at the reception asked the reason behind all these. He said that he was going to catch a flight to a neighbouring country 2 days before. He was going to the airport. But, the airport maintenance is very costly to take care of his car for two days. SoSo, he came to the bank to park his car with minimum maintenance cost. The entire ban was shocked for his explanation.

A guy was once asked a very tricky question during a job interview “You’re Driving in your car on a STORMY day. You pass by a bus stop, and see THREE people waiting there. The first is the perfect woman of your DREAMS; The Second is an old friend who once SAVED your life; and the third is a lonely OLD lady who looks really SICK; If you had only one seat in your car…. Who would you offer a ride to ? Let’s think about it…. Do you pick up the old woman because she is in critical condition and you should save her first? … Do you take the old Friend ? because he once saved your life and this would be a perfect opportunity for you to pay him back?…. However, both choices leave you missing out on the woman of your DREAMS….BUT HE SIMPLY ANSWERED; “I would give the car keys to my old friend, let him drive the old lady to the hospital, and stay behind to wait for the bus with the woman of my dreams.”

These situations and the way those characters acted completely changes our outlook and also reminds us to think out of the box.

Globalized India

Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, courses, and consequences of transnational and trans-cultural integration of human and non-human activities. India had the distinction of being the world’s largest economy in the beginning of the Christian era, as it accounted for about 32.9% share of world GDP and about 17% of the world population. The goods produced in India had long been exported to far off destinations across the world; the concept of globalization is hardly new to India.

India currently accounts for 2.7% of world trade (as of 2015), up from 1.2% in 2006 according to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Until the liberalization of 1991, India was largely and intentionally isolated from the world markets, to protect its fledgling economy and to achieve self-reliance. Foreign trade was subject to import tariffs, export taxes and quantitative restrictions, while foreign direct investment was restricted by upper-limit equity participation, restrictions on technology transfer, export obligations and government approvals; these approvals were needed for nearly 60% of new FDI in the industrial sector. The restrictions ensured that FDI averaged only around $200M annually between 1985 and 1991; a large percentage of the capital flows consisted of foreign aid, commercial borrowing and deposits of non-resident Indians.

India’s exports were stagnant for the first 15 years after independence, due to the predominance of tea, jute and cotton manufactures, demand for which was generally inelastic. Imports in the same period consisted predominantly of machinery, equipment and raw materials, due to nascent industrialization. Since liberalization, the value of India’s international trade has become more broad-based and has risen to  63,0801 billion in 2003–04 from  12.50 billion in 1950–51. India’s trading partners are China, the US, the UAE, the UK, Japan and the EU. The exports during April 2007 were $12.31 billion up by 16% and import were $17.68 billion with an increase of 18.06% over the previous year.

India is a founding-member of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) since 1947 and its successor, the World Trade Organization. While participating actively in its general council meetings, India has been crucial in voicing the concerns of the developing world. For instance, India has continued its opposition to the inclusion of such matters as labor and environment issues and other non-tariff barriers into the WTO policies.

Despite reducing import restrictions several times in the 2000s, India was evaluated by the World Trade Organization in 2008 as more restrictive than similar developing economies, such as Brazil, China, and Russia. The WTO also identified electricity shortages and inadequate transportation infrastructure as significant constraints on trade. Its restrictiveness has been cited as a factor which isolated it from the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 more than other countries, even though it experienced reduced ongoing economic growth.

As the third-largest economy in the world in PPP terms, India is a preferred destination for FDI; India has strengths in information technology and other significant areas such as auto components, chemicals, apparels, pharmaceuticals, and jewelry. Despite a surge in foreign investments, rigid FDI policies resulted in a significant hindrance. However, due to some positive economic reforms aimed at deregulating the economy and stimulating foreign investment, India has positioned itself as one of the front-runners of the rapidly growing Asia-Pacific region. India has a large pool of skilled managerial and technical expertise. The size of the middle-class population stands at 50 million and represents a growing consumer market.

India’s liberalized FDI policy as of 2005 allowed up to a 100% FDI stake in ventures. Industrial policy reforms have substantially reduced industrial licensing requirements, removed restrictions on expansion and facilitated easy access to foreign technology and FDI. The upward moving growth curve of the real-estate sector owes some credit to a booming economy and liberalized FDI regime. In March 2005, the government amended the rules to allow 100 per cent FDI in the construction business. This automatic route has been permitted in townships, housing, built-up infrastructure and construction development projects including housing, commercial premises, hotels, resorts, hospitals, educational institutions, recreational facilities, and city- and regional-level infrastructure.

Indian Rituals And Science

Traditions in Hinduism were considered mainly as superstitions, but with the advent of science, it is becoming evident that these traditions are based on some scientific knowledge and moved from generations to generations as traditions. Though the common people did not know science in it, they were following it very faithfully over the years. This blog is an attempt to bring forward the science involved in these traditions and rituals.Throwing coins into a river.The general reasoning given for this act is that it brings Good Luck. However, scientifically speaking, in the ancient times, most of the currency used was made of copper unlike the stainless steel coins of today. Copper is a vital metal very useful to the human body. Throwing coins in the river was one way our fore-fathers ensured we intake sufficient copper as part of the water as rivers were the only source of drinking water. Making it a custom ensured that all of us follow the practice. Joining both palms together to greet
In Hindu culture, people greet each other by joining their palms – termed as “Namaskar.” The general reason behind this tradition is that greeting by joining both the palms means respect. However, scientifically speaking, joining both hands ensures joining the tips of all the fingers together; which are denoted to the pressure points of eyes, ears, and mind. Pressing them together is said to activate the pressure points which helps us remember that person for a long time. And, no germs since we don’t make any physical contact!
Wearing toe rings is not just the significance of married women but there is science behind it. Normally toe rings are worn on the second toe. A particular nerve from the second toe connects the uterus and passes to heart. Wearing toe ring on this finger strengthens the uterus. It will keep it healthy by regulating the blood flow to it and menstrual cycle will be regularized. As Silver is a good conductor, it also absorbs polar energies from the earth and passes it to the body.Applying Tilak on the forehead
On the forehead, between the two eyebrows, is a spot that is considered as a major nerve point in human body since ancient times. The Tilak is believed to prevent the loss of “energy”, the red ‘kumkum’ between the eyebrows is said to retain energy in the human body and control the various levels of concentration. While applying kumkum the points on the mid-brow region and Adnya-chakra are automatically pressed. This also facilitates the blood supply to the face muscles. Normally the wrist portion is in constant activation on any human. Also the pulse beat in this portion is mostly checked for all sorts of ailments. The Bangles used by women are normally in the wrist part of ones hand and its constant friction increases the blood circulation level. Further more the electricity passing out through outer skin is again reverted to one’s own body because of the ring shaped bangles, which has no ends to pass the energy outside but to send it back to the body.There are many different eras that have come and gone but no era was very powerful to change the influence of the real culture. So, the culture of younger generations is still connected to the older generations. Also, our ethnic culture always teaches us to respect elders, behave well, care for helpless people, and help needy and poor people.

Additionally, there is a great culture in our country that we should always welcome guest like gods. That is why we have a famous saying like ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’. So, the basic roots in our culture are spiritual practices and humanity.

Ways to stay Healthy

“Heath is Wealth” and In today’s busy busy world it is becoming more hard to keep our self healthy. You don’t need to make rigorous changes in your life to be healthy just few small changes are enough lets see what are the steps that can help us to be healthy

For keeping human body healthy it needs proper nutrition and proper exercise. Proper nutrition include balanced intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fat and vitamin and minerals. Proper hydration of human body is also much important.

  1. Body posture: You heard it right, good body posture is as important as everything in your life. Good and straight spine will help you to have a healthy body.
  2. Drinking water: Drink at least 2.5 litres of water everyday. I can describe it as drink 8 glass of water everyday.One thing you should keep in mind that you should drink water at morning before brushing your teeth. Our morning saliva contains anti bacterial properties. Do not drink water 1 hour before meal and after meal. After eating fruits do not drink water for some times.
  3. Eat healthy: Do not abuse your body by having unhealthy foods. Eat healthy and improve your body and mind.Eat more green vegetable try to avoid having junk everyday.
  4. Exercise: Yes, exercise will help you to improve your health instantly. You do not need to go to the gym. You can go for a short run if you are young and you can go for walk if you are old.
  5. Don’t skip breakfast – After long night our body required food in the morning , if you eat breakfast then our metabolism boost which help in weight loss , eat fiber and protein rich food in breakfast like oatmeal , egg white etc
  6. Drink green Tea – it increase metabolism and help in weight loss
  7. Take 8 hours deep sleep – sleep is required for fitness because in sleep time our muscle growing , muscle recovery process is going on , in weight loss role of sleep is 30 % .
  8. Avoid stress this is the most important point mind needs to be healthy taking stress effects mind overall effecting whole body.

People usually think being healthy is a tough work, but it’s actually not that tough. Once you start about these as your scheduled routine, it will turn into your habit, and then it will like a perk to you.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SALES AND MARKETING.

Sales and marketing both are like twins. Many people refers both as one but they are not. Marketing is reaching the target audience, spreading awareness for the brand, building trust for the brand and generating recall value. Whereas sales deals with convincing the customer, understanding their needs and to have maximum conversion. Marketing is not directly linked with sales. It’s main focus is to influence the discrete choice of the customers. Marketing is much broader than the sales. Marketing needs a proper strategy Whereas sales does not need any specific strategy if you get bulk orders you will compromise on price and if you will get regular orders you will add more services. So the sales strategy is very flexible and it depends customer to customer.

Marketing have an indirect relationshipwith sales whereas sales is directly connected with sales. Sales always focus on generating maximum revenue whereas marketing focus on penetrating the interest and desires of target audience. Marketing is establishing a brand in market .Good marketing strategy will definitely grow the sales.Following are some main differences between sales and marketing

  1. REVENUE- It is the most basic difference between sales and marketing sales is a process which generates revenue and marketing is the process of investing the revenue in increasing sales. Sales is incoming and marketing is outgoing.
  2. END GOAL- Sales and marketing differs in their end goal. Sale’s goal is to sell maximum products and generate more and more revenue revenue. Marketing focus on understanding the market segmentation, building and maintaining the brand equity, reach the right customer in efficient manner
  3. COMMUNICATION- Sales is a one to one conversation it is dealing with one customer at a time whereas marketing is the communication with a broad target audience to attract tthem towards the product so that they can be the buying customers to them.
  4. SCOPE – MARKETING is a very broader subject it includes promoting, positioning, placing, branding, trust building, understanding consumer behaviour, analysing future changes, ongoing and latest trends and many more. But sales is just confined to a customer and converting the lead into a sale.

How to prepare for interviews

Job interviews are scary!!. Whether it’s a physical or phone interview, it can be a nerve-wracking experience for candidates as they search for the perfect responses.In interviews, your job is to convince a recruiter that you have the skills, knowledge and experience for the job. There are plenty of ways to prepare for it: from asking a friend to do a mock interview with you to searching the Web for practical resources.

Preparation not only leads to sharing the facets of your background that are most relevant to the position and to the people you’re meeting with, but it also helps you head into the interview confident and relaxed

Research

Research the company and the interviewers. Hirers know they’re dealing with someone who is serious about the position when you’re prepared with relevant data. Ultimately, know the company, the industry, and competitors and use their product if available.

Show your personality

An important thing to remember is that you were selected for this interview based on your skills and accomplishments. The interviewers know you have what it takes to do the job, so now’s your chance to inject some personality into what’s written on that resume and cover letter.

Behavioral questions

Hirers use behavioral questions to dig into past achievements and predict future performance. These questions identify applicants’ key competencies and skills, so it’s vital to prepare answers to match your skills to the employer’s requirements.

Rehearse

Visualize the interview and questions that could arise and project how a successful interview experience will play out. Rehearse the way you’ll present yourself and practice answers to important interview questions for your field. Mock interviews prepare you for most possibilities and help with nerves as well.

Pay attention to non-verbal communication.

Non verbal communication plays an important role Look confident, smile.Do not play with hands or hairs keep calm do not place your hands on table.this are some key things people tends to ignores if you play with your hands or hairs it shows a kind of non professionalism and your nervousness. Posture counts, Sit up straight yet comfortably. Be aware of nervous gestures such as foot-tapping

Reach at least 10 mins. before the interview time (you can visit the place of interview if possible)

Be honest during the interview and prepare well for questions likely to be asked.

Prepare everything you Mention in your CV/Resume,everything about your projects.

Prepare according to the profile be confident practice as much as you can above mention are some tip that can help you to walk the interview confidently.

Ozone and its Depletion

The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth’s stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. It contains a high concentration of ozone in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth’s atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 15 to 35 kilo meters (9.3 to 21.7 mi) above Earth, although its thickness varies seasonally and geographically.

The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson. Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation sent out from its surface and reaching the ground on Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black body with a temperature in the range of 5,500–6,000 K (5,227 to 5,727 °C), except that there was no radiation below a wavelength of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet end of the spectrum. It was deduced that the missing radiation was being absorbed by something in the atmosphere. Eventually the spectrum of the missing radiation was matched to only one known chemical, ozone.

 Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple spectrophotometer (the Dobsonmeter) that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. Between 1928 and 1958, Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations, which continue to operate to this day. The “Dobson unit”, a convenient measure of the amount of ozone overhead, is named in his honor. The ozone layer absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun’s medium-frequency ultraviolet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms near the surface.

In 1976, atmospheric research revealed that the ozone layer was being depleted by chemicals released by industry, mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Concerns that increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion threatened life on Earth, including increased skin cancer in humans and other ecological problems, led to bans on the chemicals, and the latest evidence is that ozone depletion has slowed or stopped. The United Nations General Assembly has designated September 16 as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer.

Ozone Depletion:

Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth’s atmosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth’s polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events.

The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam- blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons), referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These compounds are transported into the stratosphere by turbulent mixing after being emitted from the surface, mixing much faster than the molecules can settle. Once in the stratosphere, they release halogen atoms through photodissociation, which catalyze the breakdown of ozone into oxygen.  Both types of ozone depletion were observed to increase as emissions of halocarbons increased.

Ozone depletion and the ozone hole have generated worldwide concern over increased cancer risks and other negative effects. The ozone layer prevents most harmful wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) light from passing through the Earth’s atmosphere. These wavelengths cause skin cancer, sunburn, permanent blindness, and cataracts, which were projected to increase dramatically as a result of thinning ozone, as well as harming plants and animals. These concerns led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, which bans the production of CFCs, halons, and other ozone-depleting chemicals.

The ban came into effect in 1989. Ozone levels stabilized by the mid-1990s and began to recover in the 2000s, as the shifting of the jet stream in the southern hemisphere towards the south pole has stopped and might even be reversing. Recovery is projected to continue over the next century, and the ozone hole is expected to reach pre-1980 levels by around 2075. In 2019, NASA reported that the ozone hole was the smallest ever since it was first discovered in 1982.

Organic Farming: Beneficial for the farmers,For the ConsumersAnd to the Nature

Article by – Shishir Tripathi

Intern at Hariyali Foundation
In collaboration with
Educational News

In the present times with new inventions in the field of chemicals and agriculture various fertilizers have been invented and are sold to the farmers to be used in farms. Farmers use those fertilizers and get higher yields in the starting one or two years but after some years the fertility of the soil starts falling. At the end, the farmland needs more and more fertilizers and failing to provide fertilizers in high amount to the soil, the fields are left uncultivated and hence the lands turns barren.

But wait!, in this world of new scientific inventions, some people have found a new technique which will help the soil regain its lost fertility and stay fertile for some more years. Yes, the technique is Organic Farming. Though the name sounds somewhat scientific, in actual it is scientific but will not at all harm the soil but will maintain its fertility for many years.

Organic farming is an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity while prohibiting synthetic pesticides and antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers genetically modified organisms and other unnatural methods of growth.

When talking about fields or farms, growing different cops on the same farm at the same time will help the soil to have a balance of nutrients otherwise it happens that certain crops consume more nutrients from the soil and there are lesser nutrients for the crop grown in the other season. This method of farming different crops is known as polyculture. Planting a variety of vegetable crops supports a wider range of beneficial insects, soil microorganisms, and other factors that add up to overall farm health. Crop diversity helps environments thrive and protects species from going extinct.

Secondly, the organic farming is concerned with management o soil. The soil loses nutrients each time a crop is grown on it, so for regaining those nutrients, compost, vermicompost and green manure can be used. These are environment friendly techniques having good impact on the soil for years. Also other techniques like crop rotation, crop covering, reduced tillage; intercropping and other similar techniques are needed to be followed for increasing the productivity of soil. Also crop residues can be ploughed once again with soil and will work as manure.

Thirdly, weed management on the fields is equally important. Weeds are those unwanted plants that consume nutrients from the soil and affect the growth of the crops. Removal of weeds from the fields is important so that the crop grown can grow in the soil without any hindrance in the process of consuming nutrients by unwanted plants of the other types. Weeds can be removed by introducing animals who do not consume the crop grown and just consume the weeds. Techniques like Mulching, flame weeding, thermal weeding, mowing and cutting, etc could be used for removal of weeds from the fields.

There are different factors other than weeds that affect the natural crop growth on farms like nematodes, fungi, bacteria, rodents, pests, etc. there are certain methods to remove such factors from the soil like introduction of beneficial insects for the soil against the harmful insects, using insect traps for capturing rodents, introducing good microorganisms for the soil, rotation of crops every season or using natural insecticides and herbicides.

Introduction of livestock onto the fields and providing them natural conditions to feed there and coming back again to their shelters in the evening. This nothing new but an old technique that was used by people in the past times as people had other work to do, they used to drop the cattle at the fields and go for other work. Also, before leaving the fields entirely for the cattle it must be ensured that whatever the cattle is eating it should be organic in nature, nothing else otherwise that will harm their health and overgrazing is also not done by the cattle.

And lastly composting is to be done by the farmers so that the crop gets its nutrients from time to time. Vegetable wastes, unwanted weeds removed from the fields and other dried leaves and the crop residuals are needed to be buried down in a pit and earthworms and red worms are introduced to decay it and these residual materials along with worms is covered by soil. The compost gets ready after three or four months and is very beneficial to the soil. Even some farmers call it as ‘Black Gold’.

In such way organic farming is done by the farmers along with keeping the livestock at the farms and exposing the fields entirely to the natural techniques that are important for the crop growth and helpful in maintaining the soil fertility. The crops, vegetable and the other products are really nutritious for human health. Therefore, people prefer Organic foods these days and the farmers too can get good amount for their produce.


All in all organic farming is really productive technique for the crops and the farms, a way of earning good income to the farmers and the only way for the consumers get naturally produced and nutritious foods.

Indian Youth vs Indian Economy!…

The COVID 19 virus hit our nation at the beginning of this year. More than the pain of disease, people were scared because of the rumours. People leaving away from homes rushed back to their native places. Everything went into lockdown. Shops, industries, hotels, colleges, malls, talkies everything was shut down by the end of March.
March passed, April passed and now everybody’s savings were coming to an end. Everybody was asking for unlocking. At this crucial time, what Indian youth was doing? Most of them were stuck in their houses. Those who were in the IT industry were getting used to the new normal of WFH. Those who were working in other industries lost their jobs as the company was at loss. A renowned newspaper said around 12.2 crore Indians lost their jobs during this pandemic. Now as all the sectors were at loss, Indian economy took a big downfall. GDP went down drastically. Industries cut down no.of employees just to survive.
So without totally blaming this pandemic, let’s see who lost the job. Unskilled workers, employees who didn’t update themselves with the world, who were working at the higher position but adding very less to company’s value and finally the automation. Humans thought it a smart move to discover robots and AI. But this is the same technology which is simply taking their jobs away.
The most basic thing our education system lacks is skills. Our education system never focuses on student’s skills. Right from the school days, students are forced to study in a particular direction. Hobbies and passions are buried in their heart. So these students left without a choice choose a particular stream of education. They go against their heart but still study hard to complete the education they are supposed to. But is this education really valuable? I really don’t think so. Our education system totally focuses on theory and no practical knowledge. Students are kept busy with assignments, exams during the course. These students when passing out, they join an industry where they will need only practical knowledge with very little help of theory knowledge. Companies recruit them testing their theory knowledge assuming they have practical knowledge. But in reality, it’s not true. When a student becomes an employee, he struggles to do the work. During the whole education years, skills were totally ignored but now skills were the need of the hour. But students coming out of such an education system fails to meet the skill requirements but somehow stick to the company. But when such an extraordinary situation like this pandemic happens, these people lose their jobs. This loop won’t end until we bring some serious changes to our education system. We need to include more practical knowledge and less theory portion to make students actually eligible for the industry.
India is called as the agriculture-oriented country where most of the people have agriculture as their occupation. But are we counting youth in it? Surely not. Because we have created a pale image of the agriculture industry in front of the youth. During this pandemic, agriculture was the only sector with a positive GDP in India. But still very few youths take agriculture as a career. If this unemployed youth turns into a farmer, use their brain, new technology and ideas in agriculture, just imagine how our agriculture sector will grow in a few years. We need to put forward the glamorous side of agriculture and actually make the nation prominent in the world of agriculture, with our youth driving it.

Reincarnation : Real or not?

The idea of reincarnation has been around virtually forever; it’s a part of a number of religions and belief systems dating back to ancient times.
Despite the history of the concept of reincarnation, though, interestingly, it’s only really in the late 19th and early 20th century that actual research into past life experiences kicked up — and what’s more, it only really started to hit its stride starting in the ’60s.

Past life regression puts forward (an idea or theory) for consideration of a previous lifetime. The phenomenon tends to take a deep dive into the hidden reserves of your consciousness to discover and determine the strength and character of the relationship between past lifetime and this lifetime, to pursue a middle way in order to reinforce intention, accomplishments and strength.

Human-beings have made a deliberate attempt to extract some answers to their doubts behind creation and existence. Diverging communities belonging to various religious denominations have endeavoured their own truth.

One of the mysteries puzzling human mind since the origin of mankind is the concept of “reincarnation” which literally means “to take on the flesh again.” As the civilizations evolved, beliefs got discriminated and disseminated into various religions. The major division manifested was “East” and “West.” The eastern religions being more philosophical and less analytical, have accepted reincarnation.

However, the different eastern religions like Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism have differed in their faith on rebirth. Further, the Islam as well as the most dominant religion of the world, Christianity, having its origin in the west, have largely denied reincarnation, though some sub-sects still show interest in it. Also many mystic and esoteric schools like theosophical society have their unique description on rebirth. This article describes reincarnation as perceived by various religions and new religious movements as well as some research evidence.

According to Epoch Times, a three-year-old near the border of Syria and Israel claimed he had been killed by an axe wound to the head and showed his village elders where his body was. Below the spot in the ground he pointed to, they dug up a corpse of a man who had gone missing with a head wound in the same place where this boy had a birthmark, along with an axe. He also named his killer, and the man confessed after being presented with the evidence.

It all really does make you wonder, doesn’t it? Whether or not these anecdotes will ever definitively prove past lives, one thing’s for sure: They make good stories.

Reincarnation is once again attracting the minds of intellectuals and the general public in the West. Films, books and periodicals, and popular songs regularly mention reincarnation, and millions of Westerners are joining an estimated 1.5 billion people, including Hindus, Buddhists, and Taoists, who have traditionally understood that life does not begin at birth nor end with death. But simple curiosity or belief is not sufficient.

Some skeptics explain the abundance of claims of evidence for reincarnation to originate from selective thinking and the psychological phenomena of false memories that often result from one’s own belief system and basic fears, and thus cannot be counted as empirical evidence. But other skeptics, see the need for more reincarnation research.

The importance of Leadership and responsibilities of a Leader !

Leadership is the ability of an individual to motivate and influence people to attain a certain objective. In the business world it can be seen the ability of a superior to direct his works to achieve the objectives of a company. For a leadership to be effective the leader needs to have a clarity of thoughts himself and his ideas should be communicated to his followers in an efficient manner. A leader should is the backbone then. If a leader is not responsible and accountable for the work he does he can never motivate his employees.

A leader,therefore should have certain qualities. A leader should have integrity. He must have the ability to delegate the work. His communication skills should be excellent. The confidence should reflect in his personality. He must be well groomed and well mannered. He must be empathetic to his followers. The decision making skills should be rational and efficient enough to meet the demands of his employees and also serve the interest of his company. If the leader himself will not be active how will he lead his company/organisation/followers.

A leadership is of two types. A Transformational leadership ,where a leader inspires followers to transcend their self interests for the good of the organization. This is a leadership style which in which leaders motivate and inspire employees to innovate and create change that will help grow and shape the future success of the company.A second style is a Transactional leadership, where  a leader promotes compliance by employees’ through rewards and punishments. This is a leadership style that focuses on supervision, organization and performance.

The importance of leadership is various :

  1. It influences the behaviour of an individual, drives him to go in a certain direction and make sure that he is performing to the best of his abilities.
  2. He helps him employees in fulfilling their needs. The employees will follow his leader if he is competent and also if they have a good relation with a leader. People follow a leader because he provides them security and the opportunities to earn wealth, gives them the right to work and tries to understand their feelings.
  3. He brings in the required needs in today’s world of dynamism, He makes sure that everybody accepts the change positively.
  4. A good leader also helps in resolving conflicts. He lets his employees express their views and understands them thus leading to peace in the work place.
  5. Building morale, A simple gesture like providing praise for a task well done, or throwing a party to recognize small achievements, will regenerate their spirit.

There is a great importance of a leader and his leadership. He influences everything. The environment, the people, the decisions etc. Even the people should be rational in choosing their leaders. Everybody must aspire to be a leader,it helps one to grow as a person and also enhances his abilities to negotiate and express and influence.You can find meaning in leading your lives, in voicing your opinions, addressing even the smallest but most important issues and in being of value and not a burden to others.

If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.”

-John Quincy Adams

.

Soft computing

Soft computing is the use of approximate calculations to provide imprecise but usable solutions to complex computational problems. The approach enables solutions for problems that may be either unsolvable or just too time-consuming to solve with current hardware. Soft computing is sometimes referred to as computational intelligence.Soft computing provides an approach to problem-solving using means other than computers. With the human mind as a role model, soft computing is tolerant of partial truths, uncertainty, imprecision and approximation, unlike traditional computing models. The tolerance of soft computing allows researchers to approach some problems that traditional computing can’t process.

Soft computing uses component fields of study in:

Fuzzy logic

Machine learning

Probabilistic reasoning

Evolutionary computation

Perceptron

Genetic algorithms

Differential algorithms

Support vector machines

Metaheuristics

Swarm intelligence

Ant colony optimization

Particle optimization

Bayesian networks

Artificial neural networks

Expert systems

Although soft computing theory and techniques were first introduced in 1980s, it has now become a major research and study area in automatic control engineering. The techniques of soft computing are nowadays being used successfully in many domestic, commercial, and industrial applications. With the advent of the low-cost and very high performance digital processors and the reduction of the cost of memory chips it is clear that the techniques and application areas of soft computing will continue to expand.

The use of soft computing techniques in coherent communications phase synchronization provides an alternative to analytical or hard computing methods. This paper discusses a novel use of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) for phase synchronization in coherent communications systems utilizing Multiple Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) modulation. A brief overview of the M-PSK digital communications bandpass modulation technique is presented and it’s requisite need for phase synchronization is discussed. We briefly describe the hybrid platform developed by Jang that incorporates fuzzy/neural structures namely the, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference Systems (ANFIS). We then discuss application of ANFIS to phase estimation for M-PSK. The modeling of both explicit, and implicit phase estimation schemes for M-PSK symbols with unknown structure are discussed. Performance results from simulation of the above scheme is presented.

With the recent advances in computing, the opportunities to translate computational models to more integrated roles in patient treatment are expanding at an exciting rate. One area of considerable development has been directed towards correcting soft tissue deformation within image guided neurosurgery applications. This review captures the efforts that have been undertaken towards enhancing neuronavigation by the integration of soft tissue biomechanical models, imaging and sensing technologies, and algorithmic developments. In addition, the review speaks to the evolving role of modeling frameworks within surgery and concludes with some future directions beyond neurosurgical applications.

Soft computing is, by definition, tolerant of uncertainty, imprecision, partial truth, and approximation. This allows researchers to try to solve problems that aren’t possible to be solved by traditional computational models.

Soft computing is also termed as computational intelligence.

Soft computing is used when the problem isn’t precisely specified, or there isn’t enough information available about the problem statement. Soft computing has numerous applications in real life.

Machine Learning

Machine learning is a part of artificial intelligence that deals with the study of statistical models and algorithms that are fed to the computer systems for computational purposes.

Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy logic, unlike traditional logic, can have multiple values ranging from 0 to 1. Fuzzy logic was developed with the intent that people make decisions based on non-numerical and imprecise information to make decisions.

Probabilistic Reasoning

Probabilistic logic combines logic and probability to deduce solutions for uncertain problems.

Evolutionary Computation

Evolutionary theory is a family of computational algorithms and methodologies that are inspired by biological evolution processes.

Advantages of Soft-computing

Most problems in real life do not offer numerical values for us to work with and find solutions to. Soft-computing solves just this.It aids in finding approximate solutions to problems that do not have definitive answers.Soft-computing, in its essence, is biologically inspired and gets its inspirations from various evolutionary processes. Due to this, the models of soft computing can be

Linguistic

Comprehensible

Fast when computing

Effectivewhile solving real-world issues

The soft-computing models give a lot of flexibility for humans to define real-world problems in computational language. There are various advantages of soft-computing.

The past few years have witnessed a rapid growth of interest in a cluster of modes of modeling and computation which may be described collectively as soft computing. The distinguishing characteristic of soft computing is that its primary aims are to achieve tractability, robustness, low cost, and high MIQ (machine intelligence quotient) through an exploitation of the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty. Thus, in soft computing what is usually sought is an approximate solution to a precisely formulated problem or, more typically, an approximate solution to an imprecisely formulated problem. A simple case in point is the problem of parking a car. Generally, humans can park a car rather easily because the final position of the car is not specified exactly. If it were specified to within, say, a few millimeters and a fraction of a degree, it would take hours or days of maneuvering and precise measurements of distance and angular position to solve the problem. What this simple example points to is the fact that, in general, high precision carries a high cost. The challenge, then, is to exploit the tolerance for imprecision by devising methods of computation which lead to an acceptable solution at low cost. By its nature, soft computing is much closer to human reasoning than the traditional modes of computation. At this juncture, the major components of soft computing are fuzzy logic (FL), neural network theory (NN), and probabilistic reasoning techniques (PR), including genetic algorithms, chaos theory, and part of learning theory. Increasingly, these techniques are used in combination to achieve significant improvement in performance and adaptability. Among the important application areas for soft computing are control systems, expert systems, data compression techniques, image processing, and decision support systems. It may be argued that it is soft computing, rather than the traditional hard computing, that should be viewed as the foundation for artificial.

Soft computing is now in trend and by using this our technology world is growing faster.

Happy 70th Modi ji !

17th September,1950. A date when a legend was born. Narendra Damodardas Modi, born and brought up in the city of Vadnagar, Mehsana district, Bombay State (present-day Gujarat). He is one poor tea selling kid who grew up to be the most powerful and influential leaders in India. Modi ji aspires to serve the nation and to do the best he can do to attain his vision and mission in favor of his country. I am not entering into any political conflicts and nor will i talk out the Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) . I will only talk about this miraculous leader who has changed the outlook of INDIA in his leadership tenure .

As a Chief Minister of Gujarat, Modiji has changed the outlook of Gujarat. In his 12 years of being a CM, he has developed Gujarat . He has developed industries, he has served the poor, brought in different schemes. The tourism sector has flourished because of his reign.

In 2014, there was a Modi leher, with slogans of “Har har Modi. ghar ghar Modi” and ” achhe din aane wale haii” . The majority supported BJP for a sole reason Modi. Modi jihas become the brand face of BJP. Modi ji became the first Prime minister after many years to get the whole majority of votes. On the day of 26th May 2014, he swore the oath as a prime minister. From that day onwards he has been serving the nation in it’s best of interests.

The confidence and aura he has makes him a charismatic leader. The speech delivery and the kind of orator he is is incredible! He knows the power of persuation. He is like water that takes the shape of whichever container you put in.The degree of decisiveness is very high in him,he does not care about what people speak about him because he firmly believes that whatever he is doing is right and will only serve the nation in the long run.

His party along with Modi ji and the president of BJP has taken tremendous efforts. Demonetization, Implementation of Goods and service tax, Swacchh Bharat Abhiyan, Make in India, Jan dhan yojna, Beti bachao beti padhao and Smart city missio. He dreams of a Digital India. And he is also doing everything he can to make India digital. The BHIM app for transactions is also a form of that.

It is only because of our Prime Minister today, that our foreign relations have improved to an extent that they are standing with India and ready to help it in all possible ways. He knows the importance of ties globally. From the US to Japan, they are with India in the time of crisis.

He has also won several awards — ” The King Hamad Order of Reneissance” , one of the most reputed award of Bahrain. His presence in the HOWDY MODI event in the US was also a great achievement.

Modi ji has set examples not only for the adults but also for the youth of today. He firmly believes that youth of today is the future of tomorrow and he does everything to encourage them to turn the future in their own way. He also engages his audience with various platforms like Man ki baat on the radio or talking directly to the students on children;s day or teachers day.

Modi ji is a living legend and is a Lion that is not afraid to roar. He says that hard work never brings fatigue, it brings in satisfaction.Once again Happy Birthday Modi ji !!

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

On 2nd Oct 2014, when the country was celebrating the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi , PM Narendra Modi launched a national campaign “Swatch Bharat Abhiyan” with a aim to make India completely clean by the 150th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi (2nd Oct 2019). “Clean India” was a dream of Bapu who advocated cleanliness and sanitation to be an essential part of healthy and peaceful nation. The campaign urged people to spend at least 100 hours every year to make their surroundings clean.Cleanliness is essential for physical, social , mental and intellectual well- being , and is the responsibility of not only Government but also a common man to make our country clean and green as it is said that “Cleanliness is Godliness”.

The mission was started by Prime Minister Modi, who, on December 25, 2014, nominated nine famous personalities for the campaign. They took up the challenge and nominated nine more people.
Among those nominated by the PM are film actors Salman Khan, Priyanka Chopra and Kamal Hassan, industrialist Anil Ambani, Goa Governor Mridula Sinha and Congress leader Shashi Tharoor, yoga guru Ramdev and the team of TV serial “Tarak Mehta Ka Ulta Chashma”. Thereafter, it has been carried forward with people from all walks of life joining it. The nine public figures selected by Modi to propagate the mission include:Comedian Kapil Sharma, Former captain of Indian cricket team Sourav Ganguly, Former IPS officer Kiran Bedi, Padmanabha Acharya, Nagaland Governor Sonal Mansingh,classical dancer Ramoji Rao of Eenadu group and Aroon Purie of the India Today group.
“I have invited nine people and asked them to come to public places and work towards a Clean India. I ask them to invite nine more people too…I am sure these nine people will do the work and each will invite nine more people to form a chain and clean the country,” Modi said.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ( Clean India Mission in English) is a campaign in India that aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India’s cities, smaller towns, and rural areas. The objectives of Swachh Bharat include eliminating open defecation through the construction of household-owned and community-owned toilets and establishing an accountable mechanism of monitoring toilet use. Run by the GOI, the mission aimed to achieve an Open-Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing 90 million toilets in rural India at a project costed of ₹1.96 lakh crore (US$30 billion).

Construction of exclusive village sanitary complexes for women providing facilities for hand pumping, bathing, sanitation and washing on a selective basis where there is not adequate land or space within houses and where village panchayats are willing to maintain the facilities.Many civil society organisations and companies have also joined the campaign, spreading awareness in urban slums and villages by putting on street plays about rubbish disposal, handing out leaflets about washing hands and even giving out broomsticks to members of the public.

Swachh sarvekshan covered 4,242 cities, 62 cantonment boards and 92 Ganga towns. This survey was carried out in 28 days.Fourth edition of the survey in 2019 covered 4,237 cities. It was the first-of-its-kind completely digital survey completed in a record time of 28 days.

After winning the cleanest city of India tittle for the fourth time, Indore Municipal corporation employees federation president Umakant Kale said that many sanitation employees were infected with coronavirus, but they did not give up and the first position in the Swachh Survekshan 2020 is the result of their hard work

There is no disadvantage of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. However, the advantages are many.
1. Boost in tourism
2. Improve health of masses
3. Adoption of clean technology
4. Improved productivity of individuals attract foreign direct investment (FDI)

There is a famous saying, ‘Cleanliness is next to godliness’.

Institute- Industry collaboration to boost development of devices for osteoarthritis & diabetic foot ulcer

Development of orthotic devices may soon receive a boost with a Kerala based scientific institution collaborating with a Mohali based private manufacturer for co-development of such devices catering to clinical conditions such as osteoarthritis and diabetic foot ulcer.

Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala (SCTIMST), an Institute of National Importance under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, has signed an MoU with Tynor Orthotics Private Limited (Tynor), Mohali, to set up an Orthotics and Rehabilitation R&D vertical to promote indigenous device development in this sector towards the goal of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’, a high priority target of the Govt of India.

Tynor, a manufacturer and exporter of high quality and affordable orthopedic appliances and fracture aids in India, will collaborate with SCTIMST for the co-development of Orthotic devices and to promote joint research programs in Orthotics and Rehab. Tynor has funded SCTIMST for Research and Development of two off-loading devices in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and osteoarthritis. The project is planned for one year with Tynor contributing INR 27 lakhs to the program.

The main objective of this Institute-Industry collaboration is to develop a cluster of orthoses for catering to clinical conditions such as osteoarthritis and diabetic foot ulcer. Asia Pacific is anticipated to witness a lucrative growth in global diabetic foot ulcer therapeutics market owing to the increasing geriatric population, which is more prone to diabetes. Global Diabetic Foot ulcers and Pressure ulcer Market is expected to reach 5265 Million Dollars by 2025 with a compound annual growth rate(CAGR) of 6.6% from 2019-2025, which is quite alarming.

Similarly, the global knee braces market is growing due to the rising prevalence of osteoarthritis, increasing number of orthopedic knee surgeries, and growing number of sports injuries in athletics. The global knee braces market size was estimated at USD 1.5 billion in 2018 and is expected to witness a CAGR of 4.3%. The growing burden of osteoarthritis, the increase in target population, and the technology of cost-effective and easy to wear braces are the major growth propellers for the market.

SCTIMST has done considerable amount of R&D work in biomedical devices over the last 30 or more years and has established itself as a pioneer in this field. This collaboration with an Industry leader for co-development of ortho-rehab devices in the country is a commendable step.

Tynor has planned to set up India’s first R&D Center in Orthopedic Appliances, Fracture Aids, Walking Aids, Compression Garments, and Footcare Products. This center has been named TORNADO (Tynor Ortho Research N Appliance Development Organization) and aims to bring about technology and innovation-based disruption at the scale of a tornado. This will be a novel center in which a Cross-Functional Team consisting of experts from Engineering, Orthopedics, Biomedical Sciences, Design shall be brought together to brainstorm and develop products as per the requirements of the Indian patient. Industry-academia collaboration is the key to achieve this feat.