Category: Science

IS TIME TRAVEL POSSIBLE ??

Although many people are fascinated by the idea of changing the past or seeing the future before it’s due, no person has ever demonstrated the kind of back-and-forth time travel seen in science fiction, or proposed a method of sending a person through significant periods of time that wouldn’t destroy them on the way. 

But Ron Mallett built a machine that illustrates time machine

Ron Mallett has a dream: He wants to travel in time.Mallett is a respected professor of physics.Ron’s father, a heavy smoker, died of a heart attack at the age of 33 – when Prof Mallett was just 10 years of age. Ron was devastated and withdrew into his books.Prof Mallett explains: “If I could build a time machine, then I could go back into the past and see my father again and maybe save his life and change everything.”

Albert Einstein thought the three dimensions of space were linked to time – which serves as a fourth dimension. Einstein also thought it was possible to fold space-time, creating a shortcut between two distant locations. This phenomenon is called a wormhole, and it can be visualised as a tunnel with two openings, each emerging at different points in space-time.

Wormholes might exist naturally in the cosmos.The nearest ones could be many light-years away. And even if you could get to them and then survive the journey through them, there’s no guarantee where you’d end up.A wormhole will only work for time travel if its “mouth” can be held open for long enough that it allows something to travel through it. That requires something called negative energy, which doesn’t really exist in the everyday world.

So, as for now we only know to that it is possible to time travel but more proper examination should be done before doing it .Hope in future we will find a way regarding this.

Artwork : Wormhole illustration

Renewable Energy Sources

Energy is an important input for development. It aims at human welfare covering household, agricultural transport & industrial complexes. Due to population explosion the demand for various forms of energy has got increased many folds. Renewable Resources can be generated continuously in nature & are inexhaustible. These resources can be used again & again in an endless manner.

RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIESWIND POWER

  1. WIND POWER :

Wind is an emissions-free source of energy. It is harnessed by making use of wind mills. Number of wind mills are installed in cluster are called wind farms. Minimum wind speed required is 150km/hr. A windmill converts wind energy into rotational energy by means of its blades. The basic principle of every windmill is to convert kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy which is used to rotate the turbine of electrical generator to produce electricity.

2. HYDROPOWER

Hydropower or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity. Modern hydro turbines can convert as much as 90% of the available energy into electricity. Hydroelectric power generates about 10% of the nation’s energy. Hydropower is fueled by water, so it’s a clean fuel source, meaning it won’t pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas.

3. TIDAL ENERGY

It is harnessed from the tides produced in the ocean. The turbine and generator converts the movement of water coming from change in tide, the kinetic energy, into electricity. Tidal Energy has an expensive initial cost which may be one of the reasons tidal energy is not a popular source of renewable energy.

4. SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy as energy obtained from the sun. Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source. It can be used in many appliances like Solar heat collectors, Solar cells, Solar cookers, Solar water heaters Solar power plant, Solar furnace.

Top 10 Residential Uses for Solar Energy

High crop yield possible, Former NASA scientist makes amazing discovery

  • A former NASA scientist Parag Narvekar has created sensors to enhance farm produce for farmers in Nashik, Maharashtra. He claims that new sensors will assist farmers to understand the weather and adjust their use of irrigation and fertilisers. According to Narvekar, the new sensors are more cost-effective than the already existing ones and have made sensors of Rs 10,000 that earlier use to cost Rs 1.5 lakh.

Cost-effective Sensors to Improve Farm Produce

  • A resident of Nashik, Narvekar owns a company Sensartics that makes weather sensors and offers cost-effective solutions to farmers. Narvekar’s company has also collaborated in the past with more organisations to provide solutions to local farmers’ problems. In February this year, Sensartics collaborated with Sahyadri Farmers Producers Company (FPC) to establish sensors in Nashik’s grape farms to safeguard the farmers from losing their harvest because of odd weather. The team installs sensors at the root zone levels of the plants. These sensors calculated temperature, soil moisture and soil electrical conductivity. Sensors placed in the canopies measured humidity and leaf wetness other than temperature.
  • Narvekar, with his team at Sensartics, has also established village level local weather stations that can provide precise weather forecasts beneficial for the local farmers, the efforts of Narvekar and his company have brought state-of-the-art meteorological stations within the reach of farmers.
  • With this they Gained greater clarity around the potential of sensors to improve agriculture and food security.

reference- https://d-lab.mit.edu/research/mit-d-lab-cite/internet-things-low-cost-sensors-agriculture

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321740995_A_Cost-effective_Smart_Farming_System_with_Knowledge_Base

Female foeticide – Bitter truth of society

The process of finding out the sex of a foetus and then undergoing abortion if it is a girl is called Female foeticide.

Stop female foeticide

According to certain section of the Indian penal code for forced abortion ,causing death of an unborn child or intentionally preventing a child being born alive are punishable offence.

The Indian government has passed Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDT) in 1994 to ban and punish prenatal sex screening and female foeticide.

It is currently illegal in India.

Besides this the prenatal diagnostic technique regulation and prevention of misuse act consider engaging and sex selective abortion using prenatal diagnosis technique are punishable.

Why I am killed by my parents
Why??
Could I harm someone
Or can I do something wrong
If no then why I am  killed by my parents
Why they killed me
Just tell me
Were my dreams only for dying…?
Was I meant nothing for you?
Why your hand don’t tremble while taking my life?
Why..?
Please don’t kill me …
I also wants to live
I also want to enjoy every moment of my life
Please don’t kill me
Please….

Let them live

The natural sex ratio is assumed to be between 103 and 107, and any number above it is considered as suggestive of female foeticide.

Sex selection is a practice which takes place among some uneducated,poor sections or a particular religion of the Indian society.

According to the decennial Indian census, the sex ratio in 0 to 6 age group in India has risen from 102.4 males per 100 females in 1961, to 104.2 in 1980, to 107.5 in 2001, to 108.9 in 2011.

Child sex ratio is significantly higher in certain western and northwestern states such as Maharashtra, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir (118, 120 and 116, as of 2011, respectively).

The western states of Maharashtra and Rajasthan 2011 census found a child sex ratio of 113, Gujarat at 112 and Uttar Pradesh at 111.

Urban India has higher child sex ratio than rural India according to 1991, 2001 and 2011 Census data, implying higher prevalence of female foeticide in urban India.

child sex ratio in major states in India throughout the years 1981, 1991, and 2001-Wikipedia

The following table presents the child sex ratio data for India’s states and union territories, according to 2011 Census of India for population count in the 0-1 age group.The data suggests 18 states/UT had birth sex ratio higher than 107 implying excess males at birth and/or excess female mortalities after birth but before she reaches the age of 1, 13 states/UT had normal child sex ratios in the 0-1 age group, and 4 states/UT had birth sex ratio less than 103 implying excess females at birth and/or excess male mortalities after birth but before he reaches the age of 1.

Due to male dominancy in society ,the male babies are preferred because they provide manual labour and success to the family lineage.

A son is preferred as an asset since he can earn and support the family but a daughter is a liability since she will be married off to another family or she will not contribute financially to her parent or due to dowry system.

Dowry is the payment from bride’s family to the groom family at the time of marriage.

Dowry is the main reason behind the female foeticide.

Dowry system legally ended with the dowry prohibition act of 1961 ,the impossibility of monitoring families and prevalence of corruption have led to its continuance all over India.

The advancement in technology is the major cause of female foeticide.

Some doctors do this act to fulfill their moneydesire

People in India usually see men’s work as “productive” and contributing the family, while the social perception of female labor does not have that connotation. This also ties to the fact that it is easier for men in India to get high paying jobs and provide financially for their families.

Role of panchayat members


Panchayat members should

  • give accurate information on the laws pertaining to this issue
  • find out where it is being practiced in the village and investigate it immediately
  • register all births and deaths under the purview of the panchayat
  • raise awareness about gender sensitivity through public education programmes
  • prevent female foeticide with assistance from the ANM and local mid-wife.

Increasing awareness of the problem has led to multiple campaigns by celebrities and journalists to combat sex-selective abortions.

The first episode “Daughters Are Precious” of the show Satyamev Jayate to raise awareness of female foeticide.

: Effectiveness of Garlic :

Bulbs of Garlic (simply it called Garlic)

Garlic is the common vegetable which is used all over the world in every type of food cuisine . The scientific name of garlic is  Allum sativum . It is flowering plant of bulbous type .It belongs from the Allium genus & a closely connected to the onion ,shallots ,chives etc. It is mostly used  for the purpose of seasoning & as a spice element .Some time it is also used as a vegetable for its health benefactor property .Its color is naturally white but black garlic are also available  .Garlic has a strong pungent smell .From ancient time it is used as a medicinal element for its containing compounds .It was used a element of preventing bugs in ancient time .Ancient Egyptian had the belief that it have reservation property that’s why it is used during mummification .

Cloves of Garlic

NUTRITION VALUE : Garlic has so many nutritious elements . USDA had provided a report of nutrition value of a regular 3 gm. Garlic clove —                                                                                                                                                         It contains 4.5 gm. Calories , has no fat , 5 gm. Of sodium (Na) ,1 gm. Of carbohydrates ,0.06 – 1 gm. Of fiber ,no sugar ,2 gm. Protein ,2% of manganese (Mn) in daily value , 2% of vitamin B6 in daily value ,1% of selenium (Sc) in daily value ,!% of vitamin C in daily value .Apart from them it also contains calcium (Ca) ,iron (Fe) ,phosphorus (P) ,various types of vitamin B ,potassium (K) etc. It also have amino acids , antioxidants ,Allison ,pro-biotic , Inulin . In simple word garlic have lots of manganese (Mn) , vitamin c ,vitamin B6 but has very low amount of carbohydrates ,fat ,proteins .

Garlic used in Salad

EFFECTS: Garlic has so many health benefactors for our body .I have collected some of them. They are enlisted below —                                                                                                                                                                                   1. It effectively works on various common illness and symptoms like common cold, flu etc. which is proved by National Institute of Health.                                                                                                                                                    2. It helps to decrease blood pressure of high blood pressure patients. In this way it also prevents diseases like cardiovascular problems or, heart problems.                                                                                                                    3. Garlic helps to lower the LDL or bad types of cholesterol in blood & prevents heart problems.                                              4. The free radical oxidation which is responsible for aging effect in our body can be prevented by the antioxidants of garlic. In that way the chances of Alzheimer’s diseases reduces & protect the brain health.                                                                                                                                                                                    5. Garlic can prevent the toxic heavy metals in our body like sulfur (S) element & prevent organ damage. 6. Studies say that garlic has the power of preventing colon cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer & some other cancers.                                                                                                                                                                                 7. It also helps to lose weight if it is taken during diet.                                                                                   8. Garlic also fights against hypertension.                                                                               9. Garlic helps to higher the power of antioxidant potential of blood by lowering the level of free oxidative radicals in blood.                                                                                                                                                        10. Garlic has pro-biotic elements which helps to grow good bacteria in our guts or digestive system & harms the bad bacteria for containing of Inulin as fiber .It increase the gut function of our body in this way.

Goodness of Garlic

But, you also have to remember that taking lots of amount garlic can also have reverse effect in body so it should be taken in a measured amount .

How to cope up with “Anxiety”.

More than 10million cases are roaming here and there in India every year, and how can we say that it’s a very common disorder that people suffer from.

What is anxiety?

Well, anxiety is an emotion of fear, worry, and nervousness? When it responds it’s a feeling of fear or uncertainty about what is going to happen. It is your mind that tricks you or we can say when these kinda things happen. Usually, we control our minds but when the mind controls us this type of illness happens.

Most people suffer from anxiety and stress over time. Stress is any pressure placed on your brain or physical body, people can report feeling pointed up when many competing demands are placed on them. Anxiety and stress are not bad at all times, it can help you conquer a challenge or dangerous situation.

Mental health illnesses like anxiety can be characterized by feelings of worry, these are very strong enough to obstruct one’s daily activities. Once it gets started, then it will affect you in your daily life.

Worrying about finding a job, being embarrassed in certain social gatherings, feeling nervous before the examination, or having some personal relationship problems. Apart from all this, we can say that these were some examples of getting caught in the hands of Anxiety and stress.

Your mind is playing with you, it’s a natural thing, and if it’s so then you’re avoiding problems due to unreasonable fears, worrying more
often, or experiencing severe anxiety constantly for weeks and now it’s time to seek help.
If you see, mental illness is a type of health condition where we can see changes in feeling, reasoning, or attitude and it is correlated with distress or problems functioning in social, job, or family activities.

We are talking about how to cope with anxiety. So, let us show you how to deal with your Anxiety using “coping skills”.

Coping Skills:

Coping skill is the skill that uses cognitive and behavioral techniques to regulate the needs of a situation when these are appraised as taxing or overstepping someone’s reserves or to lower the negative emotions and disputes which were affected by stress. Managing your anxiety well can help you feel better physically and psychologically.

These are some coping strategies that can help you to deal with your anxiety.

Take a break.

When you’re suffering from anxiety, you don’t have any control over yourself, your mind overlooks you and you’ll feel disturbed. So, take a break, you can practice yoga, meditation can also make you calm as well. Breathing suitably can make you fight problems such as hyperventilation or chest tightness caused by anxiety. Having a nice massage can be a nice way to reduce anxiety, soothing music can also make you less anxious. With all these relaxation techniques, Aromatherapy and Hydrotherapy can also help you to reduce anxiety.

Eat Properly.

While suffering from stress or anxiety you have fewer cravings, you just start to miss your meals, and if you’re doing so then just stop it. Start to eat and make sure you eat healthily and regularly, don’t miss any of your meals, and make sure you drink water in more quantity, limit your alcohol and caffeine intake, or if it’s possible then just stop consuming these things which can create panic attacks. More water can reduce the level of anxiety and stress if you’re in a hurry or you have work to do. Just bring out some healthful and energy-boosting snacks on your hand.

Sleep is essential.

When you’re under stress your body needs more sleep than usual, so if your body needs extra sleep then just go with the flow. Stop thinking to stop all the things which are coming into your mind and making you overthink or making you desperate about anything. Just make sure you’re breathing properly, inhale, and exhale gradually, do it every day if you want.

Fitness suggestions.

Try to include at least 2 and half hours of moderate-intensity physical activity, for eg. brisk walking each week, 2 hours of an effective -intensity activity (such as jogging or swimming laps), or try to jog, walk, bike, or dance three to five times a week for 30 minutes.

Rather than perfect workouts, put small daily goals for aiming daily consistency to make yourself feel better. It’s fine to walk or run every day for 30 minutes instead of thinking of running in a half-day marathon. With a portable media player, you can also download your favorite audiobooks, podcasts, and music. If you’re doing your exercise then you should find a way to make it enjoyable.

If you’re kind of an introverted person, then try to find some forms of exercise that create excitement and are more enjoyable for you. You should also find an “exercise buddy”. With whois gets easier to stick with your exercise when you’re committed to your friend, beloved, or anyone of your loved ones.

And be patient, more than an exercise it’s about being considerate in all fields of your life. Being like this will adore you with all the prosperity and wellness in your personality as well as in your life. Don’t stop working on yourself, you don’t know how beautiful you are.

Fitness Suggestions.

Try to include at least 2 and half hours of moderate-intensity physical activity, for eg. brisk walking each week, 2 hours of an effective -intensity activity (such as jogging or swimming laps), or try to jog, walk, bike, or dance three to five times a week for 30 minutes.

Rather than perfect workouts, putting small daily goals for aiming daily consistency to make yourself feel better. It’s fine to walk or run every day for 30 minutes instead of thinking to run in a half-day marathon. With a portable media player you can also download your favorite audiobooks, podcasts, and music, if you’re doing your exercise then you should find a way to make it joyful.

If you’re kind of an introverted person, then try to find some forms of exercise that make create excitement and are more enjoyable for you. You should also find an “exercise buddy”. With whom it gets easier to stick with your exercise when you’re committed to your friend, beloved, or anyone of your loved ones.

And be patient, more than an exercise it’s about being considerate in all fields of your life. Being like this will adore you with all the prosperity and wellness in your personality as well as in your life. Don’t stop working on yourself, you don’t know how beautiful you are.

Encounter your illness.

To trigger your anxiousness, count to 10 slowly or you can count till 20. And try to follow the 3-3-3 rule, in this rule you need your ankle, fingers, and your arm, whenever you feel that your brain is moving very fast accordingly this trick can help you to center your mind.

Just try to evaluate yourself, don’t think about anything bad or about something that never happened to you or will happen to you. This is not you, your mind is tricking you to overthink about it, but you’ve to fight it.

Every time, when you overthink something just ask yourself, Is it as bad as we think? Your soul will tell you the answer, ‘No’ it isn’t. No matter what your mind says, just put everything in a viewpoint and you will know the answer.

Keeping a positive attitude and good humor will make you live happily and will make you less overthink about the things which are causing trouble to you. Believe that, you were not like that and now whatever it is, it’s not you. Be confident about yourself, make a positive effort to replace negative emotions, opinions, and thoughts, and try to be in a circle with positive people.

Make yourself involved in the works or activities you love or you can be a volunteer. But, just try to be effective in a way that you feel light, active and make you fall in love with the work you do. More than that it builds a support network and gives you a break from everyday stress.

You can start journaling to recognize the problems, it can be your work, family, social gatherings or it is something else. Whatever it is you’ll find the way.

Don’t get introverted with yourself, keep in mind that you’re not an individual, when your loved ones love you or if they are worried about you. Talk to them about your problems, start to share about everything which is making you stop. Discuss what to do further, just don’t compare yourself with your loved ones while having these types of discussions.

And if there’s nothing then just confess that how much you love them, how and why you’re feeling overwhelmed to have them in your life. Tell everything about what you wanted to tell from a long time. Because, there is no one else apart your family, friends and your beloved.

So these were the ways to cope up with your anxiety, and thank you so much for reading this blog and if you want to see blogs and news like this, stay connected to eduindex.org

PANDORA EFFECT: Why curiosity usually beats the common sense.

Curiosity killed the cat, but for a while I was a suspect.

What is pandora effect?

The relentless human desire to know – to satisfy curiosity at all costs –People are more likely to open the box if the outcome is uncertain and expectedly negative than if the outcome is certain and neutral or certain and negative can be more of a curse than a blessing,. We refer to this effect as the Pandora effect.

Whether it’s surreptitiously checking your partner’s phone for signs of infidelity, avidly reading celebrity gossip mags, or hunting people down on social media, too much curiosity can be like opening Pandora’s Box: the urge to do it can outweigh any benefits you might get from knowing, and it can seriously affect your happiness and wellbeing.

Opening the box

Curiosity is a spark behind the ……..

The researchers provided volunteers with a box containing prank pens that gave anyone clicking the button at the top a painful but harmless electric shock. The participants were randomly allocated a box containing either pens with a certain outcome or pens with an uncertain outcome. One group were given five pens with red stickers telling them the pens would give an electric shock and five pens with green stickers indicating the pens wouldn’t give an electric shock. The participants in the uncertain outcome group were given 10 pens all marked with yellow stickers indicating that they might or might not give a shock.

It turned out that the volunteers were far more likely to click the uncertain pens than either of the other sets of pens, and even more than both of the certain groups combined.

Curiosity leading to unpleasant experience

The cure for boredom is curiosity but there is no cure for curiosity.

Results like this show we have an innate desire to resolve uncertainty even if we know that doing so will have no positive effect and may even be unpleasant. The researchers suggest that we might make better decisions in life if we first stop and consider whether our choices will have positive or negative outcomes.

Perhaps, for example, if we consider the harmful effects of rubbernecking before we see a motorway accident we can help protect ourselves from being overcome by curiosity and end up in an accident ourselves. But if the researchers’ hunch is correct, even if we know about the unpleasant consequence of curiosity, we are still likely to open that box.

Curiosity brings excitement in our life and makes it more interesting doesn’t mean that we should make choices that can hurt us just for fulfilling our desire of curiosity .

Sometimes it’s better to leave the things the way they are .

IIT-MADRAS, AVISHKAR HYPERLOOP TEAM QUALIFIES FOR EUROPEAN HYPERLOOP WEEK

A group of students with team named “AVISHKAR” from IIT Madras have been working tremendously towards the technology behind the future of transportation, HYPERLOOP. The team comprises of forty students from various department of IIT, madras. They have been working on this new prototype hyperloop project since last November.

BUT, WHAT IS HYPERLOOP?

Basically, hyperloop is a high speed mass transportation system. A hyperloop is a super speed ground-level transportation system in which people could travel in a hovering pod inside a vacuum tube at speeds as high as 760 mph (1220 km/h).

While talking about the product, Neel said, “Hyperloop is a proposed mode of transportation in which many pods will be traveling inside a vacuum tube, capable of attaining high speeds due to no air friction and reduced air drag.” It IS the fifth and most efficient mode of transportation that the world is moving towards, he added. Further he said, “Because Hyperloop is sustainable, it works on electrical energy, we can install Solar panels on top of the tube, which could store energy and the same energy could be used to propel the hyperloop. This is way more sustainable .”

HOW DOES A HYPERLOOP WORK?

It has three major components: a tube, pod, and terminal. The tube is a large low pressure system that is sealed and tube can be constructed either above or below the ground. A pod is a coach that runs inside this controlled system and this pod employs magnetic or aerodynamic levitation along with electromagnetic or aerodynamic propulsion to glide along a fixed guideway. The terminals are used for arrivals and departures. Hyperloop is based on simple science called Magnetic levitation. But one thing that needs to be noted is, that it requires complex machinery and sensors to make a Pod travel at nearly 1000 km/h inside a vacuum tube. However the team has cracked that and named their pod “GARV”, which translates to “PRIDE”. It consists of Carbon Fiber shell, packed with advanced machinery and sensors.

STATEMENT:

Pranit, who is Head of Braking Module, said that Garv is their second Pod which is more efficient and lighter than the one they designed for SpaceX. “This time we are introducing several technologies like linear induction motor to achieve ‘contactless propulsion’ and ‘contactless braking. The motor produces a magnetic field which makes the Pod move forward and the contactless Braking has magnets which come closer to the rail, creating a Braking force and decelerating the Pod,” Pranit added.

Parth, a member of the Controls team, said, “Our team started in November. Everything we did online such as brainstorming sessions and discussions about the simulations. Once we were confident, we came back to the institute and started working on the Pod.” He said, “We are participating in European Hyperloop Week which will be conducted on 19th – 25th July and Valencia, Spain. Because of the pandemic, we are forced to compete virtually, but that is not a setback for us.”

EUROPEAN HYPERLOOP WEEK SELECTION:

With all their hard work, they have now crossed the hurdle and are qualified for the European Hyperloop Week that is to be held in Valencia, Spain from July 19 to 25. The team will participate virtually due to pandemic restrictions. With upgraded prototype, the team estimates the travel time between Chennai and Bangalore to be a mere 30 minutes ride instead of a six hours journey. They are also working on the study of energy, costs, demands and other aspects of hyperloop so as to access the economic feasibility of hyperloop in India.

Happiness

Happiness is a state of mind which we possess when something good happens to us and we feel that goodness at our heart. This is an abstract feeling which is not materialistic and cannot be bought by money or some other possession. Happiness brings with itself a lot of positivity and also provides us with the motivation to go ahead and achieve other milestones. Happiness also maintains the zeal and enthusiasm for doing things and experiencing new paths. Happy state of mind also increases the age of people and lets them live a longer life.

Happiness is a key to healthy life; it sets a soul free and encourages it to explore the world and also gives us power. Happiness is a part of being successful in life it is that fruit which we all want to grow and thus we do so much of hard work throughout our entire life so that we can live a happy peaceful life after all. Happiness cannot be ever faked it comes straight out from our heart and it is priceless. At the end of a hard-earned day all we care for is some peace and happiness in our families and ourselves so that we can start another fresh day ahead.

4 levels of Happiness :

” Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence” . Of course, there are a number of different types of happiness and each person has different things in life that make them happy and unhappy. It is important for people to be self- aware and to truly understand what makes them happy and content as individuals. Take a look at the different types of happiness below and think about the things in your life that maku you happy.

There are main types of happiness, these being related to; pleasure, passion and purpose.

Pleasure :

Pleasure is important to us human beings but its related benefits are relatively short term. A delicious meal, a nice meeting with friends or listening to our favourite music all produce endorphins and offerus happy moments that can be the highlights of our day. However, these singular moments don’t equate to long- term satisfaction.

Passion :

Being passionate about something whether a hobby cause or group activity and actively being involved with it can be a great source of happiness. These activites deliver contentment in the medium term and provide a sense of achievement and variety in life

Purpose :

Feeling like you are part of something bigger than yourself and that your actions will really matter can lead to a deep sense of fulfillment and long- term happiness. We all like to think that our lives have menaing and if you can find your ” calling” or be part of great team, group or organisation that are making a difference then chances are you will be truly happy.

Ultimate Good :

The fourth level of happiness is known as ultimate good. This is a fundamental desire we have as human beings for perfect truth, goodness beauty and love . Many people find this form of happiness through their religious beliefs. Even those who don’t believe in a higher power can find happiness in their pursuit of truth, beauty, love and goodness in themselves and in helping others. This level is happiness is often considered the most enduring and profound.

Different types of Happiness :

1. Joy :

Joy is when you win a hard- fought competition, you finally accomplish a project you’ve wanted to or times when you doible over in uncontrolled laughter when someone relates a hilarious story. Joy makes you feel great about yourself, makes you feel confident, assertive, capable, loved and fulfilled.

The feeling of joy is fleeting joy is presemt at the moment. It is possible to feel joy despite grief or uncertainty. Happiness can be found in many things. It transforms tough times into blessimgs and turns heartache into gratitude.

2. Love :

Second, on the list pf different types of happiness is love. Which means other things to different people still, a wholesome ,reciprocared love with another person seems to be the fundamental predictor of happiness. Here, we are not just talking about romantic love, it means to love with friends and family, as well as partners. When you’re in love, you’ re blissfully happy all the time.

3. Contentment :

The secret of Happiness is contentment which means a state of happiness or satisfaction . It isn’t a matter of being satisfied with what you have. Contentment not only holds the power tobmake you happy, but it will transforms your life in many ways.

4. Optimism :

Optimism is a type of happiness that reflects the belief that events or experience outcomes will generally be positive. The key to attaining happiness is to have an optimistic approach to life, as optimism reflects hope and faith, helping people believe that this world is the right place

5. Gratitude :

Gratitude creates positive emotions, like different types of happiness, joy, love, and contentment, it can undo the hold of negative emotions. It goes hand in hand with mindfulness in its focous on the present and greatfulness for what we have now, rather than wanting more and more.

6. Excitment :

Excitment can be anything from about a new job or moving to a different place and motivates youbto work harder and channel that positive energy into more constructive activity. Excitements is fleeting. It dissipates rather quickly and can turn into ennui. It sometimes acts as a motivating factor , and execitment often leads people to likely make a decision. Even a bad one as excitment leads to impulsivity.

7. Pride :

Last on the list of different types of happiness is pride. Yes, pride and happiness go hand in hand. You can take pride in your work and your family, your haome and yourself, and in anything you put effort, attention, and love into. It is a positive feeling in reactive to a jouous event.

There are 7 essential keys to happiness and success that will help to materialize both those things in your life:

* Gratitude.

* Be present

* Manage time Effectively

* Set smarter Goals

* Embody an Empowering morning Routine

* Tackle the MITs

* Focus on Health and wellbeing.

To get the most bang for the happiness buck, I’ve realized that I should complete four stages of reveling in a moment of happiness :

* Anticipate with pleasure.

* Savor the moment as I experience it,

* express my happiness to myself or others,

* reflect on a happy memory.

Four happy hormones :

* Dopamine

* serotonin

* Endorphins

* oxytocin

Strategies of Happiness :

* Do more activities that truely engage you

* savor life’s joy

* Learn to forgive

* Practice acts of kindness

* Nature relationships

* cultivate optimisim

* Avoid overthinking and social comparison

* Develop strategies for coping

STAY HAPPY 🤩AND KEEP SMILING ALWAYS😁 .BE HAPPY 🥳

Vaccination drive could save lives

The corona virus pandemic hits all of us so hard; it has impacted the lives and livelihoods of the people around the world. Second wave was a warning sign with thousands of death reported due to covid.

Image : FDA

Although, during first wave India have managed well by following norms and guidelines issued by our government.  People followed social distancing, hand washing and masking along with other preventive measures. The whole country was under lockdown to break the chain of transmission but had a devastating impact on the country’s economy.

However, we should thankful for the advances made in the field of medical technology and research for the discovery of covid-19 vaccination. This will strengthen our fight against corona virus. Even after vaccination it is important to follow the covid appropriate behavior.

Image: Microsoft templates

As extraordinary situations required extra ordinary measures, mandatory vaccination for all could help us to achieve herd immunity. This will help us to increase the capacity of healthcare system. 

Why the need and demand increases with time?

High Time – This is the high time to make vaccination mandatory to protect the lives of people, protecting the vulnerable and preventing the devastating effect of lock down.

Public Safety – Clinical trials and ongoing researches have shown vaccinated people are at lower risk of developing severe diseases than the unvaccinated ones. Mortality is rare for fully vaccinated ones, researchers and scientists have developed vaccines which have negligible side effects and higher efficacy rates.

Continuous Supply – As per the current situation it is important to maintain the pace of vaccination drives to break the chain of transmission and to achieve herd immunity. The central and state governments should work in collaboration to make the vaccination drive successful by ensuring proper supply.

Healthcare System – Healthcare workers or frontline warriors should be fully vaccinated along with their family members. So, that everyone could be safe because they are the ones who are taking care of the patients in this time of emergency. Their safety should come first to strengthen healthcare infrastructure.

Image: India Tv

Unemployment

Unemployment has become one of the biggest problems around the world. When an individual is an implied, he or she will know very less about the mankind. It is so difficult to face situation and handle situations when the individual is unemployed. Unemployment leads to many silly mistakes. And an unemployed person cannot take over the family and lead the family as well. There is a huge competition in highly populated countries like India. In order to be employed, the only method is to study hard and improve the skills and score better. Basically, the students are not showing good amount of interest towards the studies. Let us now see how to motivate them.

Covid crisis has made many people unemployed. It has taken away the basic need of living. Many people are left with the unfilled stomachs. Some people are dead about by not finding a way to live.

Types of unemployment :

There are four main types of unemployment in an economy frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal and each has a different cause.

1. Frictional unemployment :

Frictional unemployment is caused by temporary transitions in workers lives, such as when a worker moves to a new city and has to find a new job. Frictional unemployment also includes people just entering the labor force, such as freshly graduated college students. It is the most common cause of unemployment, and it is always in effect in an economy.

2. Structural unemployment :

Structural unemployment is caused by a mismatch in the demographics of workers and the types of jobs available, either when there are jobs available that workers don’t have the skills for, or when there are workers availabes but no jobs to fill. Structural unemployment is most obvious in industries undergoing technological advancements.

3. Cyclical unemployment :

Cyclical unemployment is caused by declining demand. When there is not enough demand in an economy for goods and services, businesses cannot offer jobs . According to keynesian economics , cyclical unemployment is a natural result of the business cycle in times of recession: if all consumers become fearful at once, consumers will attempt to increase their saving at the same time, which means there will be a decrease in spending, and businesses will not be able to employ all employable workers.

4. Seasonal unemployment :

Seasonal unemployment is caused by different industries or parts of the labor market being available during different seasons. Fot instance, unemployment goes up in the winter months, because many agricultural jobs end oncr crops are have harvested in the fall, and those wotkers are left to find new jobs.

Consequences of unemployment in an Economy :

Low unemployment is key to economic stability High and long- term unemployment can cause significant stress on a nation in three key areas.

* Individuals :

Unemployed people have no ability to fulfill their financial obligations and can become mentally stressed, ill, and even homeless.

* Economic efficiency :

During times of high unemployment many job seekers will accept new jobs below their skill level, a situation called “underemployment ” which translates to a loss of human capital for an economys labor market. Unemployed workers will also significantly decreases their consumer spending, which is one of the driving forces of economic growth. Without consumer spending, the economy will slow dramatically.

* socio- political stability :

If unemployment remains high, citizen dissatisfaction can rise to the point of widespread civil unrest.

Possible solutions for Unemployment :

Solving unemployment is a hotly debated topic, and no economists agree on one simple way to do it. However, in the U.S ,if unemployment rises noticeably, the government usually steps in with specific policies designed to lower the total number of unemployed people.

1. Monetary policy :

Monetary policy is financial influence implemented by a central bank . Monetary policies usually come in the form of lower interest rates, which increase the total money supply within an economy by allowing banks and businesses more access to loans and therefore, more accessible spending power.

2. Fiscal policy :

If expansionary monetary policy doesn’t adequately lower the unemployment rate government agencies will turn to fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is fiscal stimulus implemented by the national government and fiscal policies include spending on infrastructure, proposingtax cuts , increasing the minimum wage, or implementing unemployment benefits. These methods are designed to inject more demand into private economy and strengthen economic activity.

Let us now see some of the ways to motivate the students to study and get employeed.

• Make things easier :

Showing the things easier and explaining them with clarity helps the students to show better interest on the subject and makes them to pay more attention on what the teacher is trying to convey. When the topics are shown easier for the students, they start learning them and they feel achieved and they pay more attention to study. When a student learns a particular topic or a question, he/she feels comfortable and happy for getting it. Once if they start reading, they develop the interest in them and they continue to read more and more.

• Tell the importance :

The students must be motivated with good number of words to understand the need of studying and what happens if they don’t study. A student is like a bird without the wings when they don’t study. So, it is very important to motivate students to study and to make them understand the need of the situation. Motivation brings the right change in the students who are not interested in learning. It develops the interest in them to study.

It seems good if the government provides good number of jobs.

Paris Agreement and Climate Change

Introduction

The Paris Agreement is an international treaty on climate change which is legally binding. It was adopted on 12th December 2015 by 196 parties at the Conference of the Parties (COP) 21 and it came into force on 4th November 2016. The goal of this agreement is to limit global warming to almost 2 degrees Celsius but ideally 1.5 degrees Celsius, as compared to the pre-industrial levels. Every country creates an NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions) wherein the countries mention the actions they will take to reduce their Greenhouse Gas emissions. The Paris Agreement also recognizes the financial differences of the countries and says that the developed countries should take the lead when it comes to providing financial assistance and help the vulnerable countries. The progress of the agreement is being tracked by the creation of the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF), under which, starting from 2024, the countries will report on the actions taken and the progress, transparently.

COP 26

The 26th Conference of the Parties was originally scheduled from 9th to 19th November 2020 but due to COVID-19, it was postponed to 1st to 12th November 2021, in Glasgow, UK. Several unresolved issues from the Paris Agreement are to be resolved during this Conference, such as governing of carbon markets and the accountancy of climate finance. The developing nations pointed fingers at the rich nations to fulfil their promise of finance. They also highlighted the lack of urgency from the recent G7 and G20 summits.

COP 26 has to finalize the rulebook that implements the 2015 Agreement. The nations have to give the climate-vulnerable nations the $100 billion annually as promised in 2009. They have called for almost 50% of funding to be allocated towards future climate adaptation, plus a separate allocation for the loss and damage that has already been inflicted on the poor nations.   

Other Climate Change Agreements

Montreal Protocol, 1987 – This agreement is not aimed towards dealing with climate change however it is an important environmental agreement. This agreement required the countries which have ratified it, to stop producing products that damage the ozone layer, such as, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992 – This is the first-ever global treaty that directly addresses climate change. This treaty established the annual forum named the Conference of the Parties (COP). Agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement came into existence through these forums.

Kyoto Protocol, 2005 – It was adopted in 1997 and came into force in 2005, it is known as the first legally binding climate treaty. The goal of this treaty is to reduce emissions by an average of 5% below the 1990 levels although the treaty did not force developing countries.

Effects of Global Warming

  • Shrinking of Glaciers
  • Ice on rivers and lakes break earlier than usual
  • Plants and animal ranges have shifted
  • Trees flower sooner
  • Loss of sea ice
  • Accelerated rise of sea level
  • Intense heatwaves
  • More droughts
  • Changes in precipitation patterns
  • The frequency of cyclones will increase and will be more intense
  • The Arctic is likely to become Ice-Free

Conclusion

Heat Waves have been recorded in the United States of America and Canada this 2021. This is only just more proof of Global Warming and its effects. This will keep increasing if the countries don’t take the agreements like the Paris agreement seriously. More importantly, the rich countries need to finally start acting responsibly and fulfil their promises to save the planet.  

References

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest physicists of all time. Einstein is known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics.he was Born on  14 March 1879, Ulm, Germany. Died on 18 April 1955, Penn Medicine Princeton Medical Center, New Jersey, United StatesSpouse: Elsa Einstein (m. 1919–1936), Mileva Marić (m. 1903–1919)Education: University of Zurich (1905), ETH Zürich (1896–1900)

Education

He was known for

Awards he got received are

Deserts

In the world we find varied geographical regions which includes mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus all with their own physical features. Desert is basically a piece of barren land which is filled with sand and lacks water bodies and have dry weather all along. In day time deserts are extremely heated up and at night it becomes chilling cold at the same place. In the Indian subcontinent we find desert in the western part of the subcontinent in the state of Rajasthan.

The animals and plants in the deserts have their own adaptations, among plants we find a variety of cactus, cactus plants have special adaptations to survive in the desert, they have fleshy stem which holds water in them which turns out to be useful when there is scarcity of water also they have very long roots which can penetrate deep inside the soil in search of water also they don’t have leaves and have thorns in place of them in cactus the food is prepared in the step as it contains chlorophyll and is green in color. Also, we find camel in desert their feet have adaptation to walk on the sand also they can survive with less water and they have long eyelashes to protect their eyes from dust storms.

Types of Deserts :

1. Coastal Deserts :

Coastal deserts occur in cool to warm areas along the coast. They have cool winters and long, warm summers. Coastal deserts are located on the west coasts of continents between 20° to 30° lattitude. Winds off the coast blows in an easterly pattern and prevents the moisture from moving onto the land. The Namib desert in Africa and the Atacama desert in chile are coastal deserts.

2. Subtropical Deserts :

Subtropical deserts the hottest deserts. They are found in Asia, Australia, Africa and North and south America. In the united states, the chilhuahuan, sonoran and Mojave are all subtropical deserts. Subtropical deserts are very hot and dry in the summner and cooler but still dry in the winter. Rainfall happens in short bursts. The air is so hot and dry in these deserts that sometimes rain evaportaes before it even has a chance to hit the ground. The soil in subtropical deserts is usually either sandy or coarse and rocky.

Plants and animals in subtropical deserts must be able to withstand the hot temperatures and lack of moisture. Shrubs and small trees in the subtropical desert usually have leaves adapted to retain moisture. Animals in sbtropical deserts are usually active at night, when it is cooler.

3. Cold wintet Deserts :

Cold winter deserts are also known as semiarid deserts . They have long, dry summers and cold winters with low rain or snowfall. In the united states the Great basin, the colorado plateau and the Red Desert are all cold winter deserts. Other cold winter deserts include the Gobi desert in china and Mongolia and the patagonian desert in Argentina. The lack of rainfall in cloud winter deserts is often caused by the rainshadow effect. The rainshadow effect happens when a high mountain range stops moisture from reaching an area. The Himalayan Mountain prevent rainfall from reaching the Gobi desert.

4. Ploar Deserts :

Polar deserts are found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Like warmer deserts, they also get very little precipitation.polar deserts are cold year- round.

Largest Desert in the world :

The antarctic polar Desert, which makes up the vast majority of Antarctica, is the largest desert in the world. In fact this single desert is larger than the combined size of the Gobi Desert, the Arabian Desert, and the sahara Desert.

* The driest desert of the world Atacama is surely the most dangerous desert of all.

The strongest animal in the Desert :

Based on strength to weight ratio, the dung beetle of the scarab is the strongest creature on earth. They can lift 1141 times their own body weight. It helps them a lot in finding the mate and food. The dung beetles also constitute a large percentage of scarab family.

The 7 hardest Animals to Hunt :

* Leopards

* Mountain Goats.

* Elk

* Eland.

* cape Buffalo

* Roan and sable

* Bears.

what can kill you in the Desert?

Aside from the oppressive heat and lack of water, the desert is also full of critters that can bite and sting. Some of these guys can even kill you if you aren’t able to find medical help. Spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and snakes are all found in dark places , abandoned builidings and under rocks.

Most Famous Deserts :

* Namib Desert – Africa

* Atacama Desert – South Americs.

* sahara Desert – Africa

* Gobi Desert – china

* Mojave Desert – Nevada

* Antarctic Desert – Antarctica

* Sonoran Desert – USA

* Thar Desert – India

* Rub’al khali – saudi Arabia

* Tabernas Desert – spain

* Taklamakan Desert – central Asia

* pinnacles Desert – Australia

* Salar de uyuni Desert – Bolivia

* Dasht- e kavir – Iran

* Chihuahuan Desert –New Mexico

* White Desert, Farafra – Egypt

Saving Biodiversity

We have lost 7% of intact forests since 2000 globally. Climate change along with pandemic exerts an additional stress on ecosystem. Focusing on maintaining a healthy ecosystem concept of “ONE HEALTH” for all organisms should needed to be in cooperated everywhere. In 2018 India, PM’s science and tech and innovation advisory council in consultation with MO environment, forest, climate change, approved a National mission on biodiversity and human well being. Banglore based biodiversity working in prepare road maps on same. This will strengthen science of restoring, conserving, and sustainably utilizing India’s natural heritage and target. India will emerge as a leader linking conservation of natural assets and socialist well-being.

Important framework: Mission offers a holistic framework, integrated approaches, and widespread societal participation and empower India to restore, our natural assets by millions of crores of rupees, mitigation programs, biodiversity-based agriculture while also creating millions of green jobs in restoration of degraded lands (1/3 of total land) and nature tourism, helps to meet convention on biological diversity, generate a strong national community committed to sustaining biodiversity, Scientific inputs, especially related to geospatial informatics and policy, can guide the development of strategies for conservation and ecosystem management.

Need for a cadre:

  • We need a strong and extensive cadre of human resources required to meet the enormous and complex environmental challenges of the 21st century.
  •  It needs training professionals of the in sustainability and biodiversity science, along with an investment in civil society outreach.
  • Public engagement, whether it is in the policymaking arena, or in exploration, restoration and conservation of biodiversity, is a critical component of the planned Mission.