Kindness is an act of showing generosity, empathy, and friendliness towards others. A kind person always possesses positive energy towards them. One prominent trait about kind people is that they treat everyone the same. We often notice some selfish people who only try to please their superiors and treat other people with disrespect.
Kind people are always surrounded by people who love them. Their friendly and helpful nature is what attracts everyone towards them. They are also very compassionate, emphatic, and sympathetic. They not just listen and understand the issues people face but they also try to help them.
Kindness is important in today’s World, where no one cares about each other. Everyone just lives for themselves without helping the people in their surroundings. We all wish to be kind, but then we think about how selfish everyone is, and that no one cares about us. This should motivate us to be kind because we don’t like how people are mean and selfish. So, we need to be kind so others don’t feel this way.
Imagine this situation, a person mistreated their waiter and made them feel low. Now, the waiter comes to serve you. If you empathize with them and make them feel good about the situation, they will always remember your act of kindness.
Even small acts of kindness given below help create a positive change in someone’s life.
Treating people equally
Helping the animals in need
Listening to people’s issues and empathising with them
Making someone feel better on a bad day
Not being rude to people
Forgiving people
Being a helping hand to people
Giving honest compliments
Being polite and not using harsh language
All these acts mean a lot to the people we are kind towards. Whenever we do something kind, we always feel good inside. It makes us happy. In the same way, we love meeting people who are kind and friendly. No one likes meeting selfish people who only care about themselves.
I still remember the acts of kindness people showed towards me. Once when I had to recharge my metro card, I was short of a coin or two I think I dropped it on the way. But, this kind lady standing in line paid for me. I asked her to take the money I have but she refused and went by. Now, this may obviously seem like a small thing to her, but I will always remember her act of kindness.
In the World of cruel, inconsiderate, and selfish people even small acts of kindness like opening a door for someone or helping someone pick the groceries mean a lot to the person we helped. Giving food to the needy or feeding the dogs on the streets are all things we need to do in our daily lives. We cannot just die living for ourselves. If we have the money and the resources that could help the people around us, we need to do it. Street animals do not have a job that would provide them food. We as human beings have built buildings and roads everywhere and took away nature from animals. It is our duty to give them food, water, and shelter.
Acts of kindness do not make a person small. It only makes them look bigger. People will always appreciate you for your kind behavior. I hope you are now going to help make the World a better place to live in where we treat everyone with love and compassion.
Sir Richard confirmed the purchase in an interview.
E
Elon Musk has bought a ticket on one of rival billionaire Sir Richard Branson’s spaceship flights, according to a newspaper report.
As Sir Richard prepares to fly on Virgin Galactic’s first fully crewed flight to the edge of space on Sunday from New Mexico, The Sunday Times says Mr Musk – who owns rival exploration company SpaceX – has paid for a seat on a future Virgin voyage.
Mr Musk paid a 10,000-dollar (£7,000) deposit to reserve a seat. No date for his flight has been specified.
Sir Richard confirmed the purchase in an interview with The Sunday Times, saying he might reciprocate by booking a ticket on a SpaceX flight in the future.
“Elon’s a friend and maybe I’ll travel on one of his ships one day,” he said.
Amid what has been dubbed the billionaires’ space race, SpaceX has launched dozens of rockets, including manned flights, but Mr Musk himself has not yet flown on any. The company is due to launch its first fully private spaceflight in the autumn.
Sir Richard will become the first owner-astronaut to take part in a mission, beating Amazon founder Jeff Bezos who plans to reach space in his own rocket – through his Blue Origin company – in nine days’ time.
Tourists are expected to pay some 250,000 dollars (£180,000) for a spaceflight on Virgin Galactic, which includes four minutes of zero gravity.
When you think of the term love languages, the first thing that may come to mind is relationships and romance. But finding your self- love language is actually an important factor in your self care routine. Here are some helpful tips .
Before delving into self- love languages,let’s know about where this concept from. In 1992, Dr. Gary champan wrote a book called The Five languages. In the book ,he discusses five different ways to express love with your partner. They include words of affirimation,acts of service, receiving gifts, quality time and physical touch.
Champan notes that discovering your love language can help you communicate and better connect. With your love! He also adds that everyone expresses and recieves love differently , so it’s important to understand your love language.
1. Quality Time :
If your love language is quality time, you adore just being together with the person you love .A perfect day would be hanging out with your loved ones and simply enjoying the moment. Why not apply this to your self care routine? Be mindful of how you spend time with yourself. Give yourself the undivided attention that you would want from someone else.
Self- love Ideas for Quality Time :
* practice mindfulness.
* spend a day at the coffee shop.
* Do a gudied meditation exercise.
* sign up for a yoga class.
* Enjoy the sunset.
* Go for a drive.
* start a garden.
*Go on a solo- trip to a dreamy destination.
* Read a chapter of a new book before bed.
* paint a picture.
* Treat yourself to dinner at your favorite restaurant.
* Listen to your favorite album on repeat.
* stargaze.
* watch a meaningful movie.
* sit on your porch.
* Go on a nature hike.
2. Words of Affirmation :
Sometimes, it’s nice to just hear the words,”I love you” or ” you did a great job”, If words of affirimation is your love language,you feel happiest when someone expresses their affection in words. Similarly ,you should speak loving to youself.At times, we can be our own worst critics. Replacing negative self- talk with kind words is a powerful way to show yourself love.
Self -love ideas for words of affirimation:
* Recite daily positive affirmations
* stick encouragingnotes on your fridge.
* write yourself a loving letter.
* keep a gratitude jar.
* Remind yourself of your dreams by making a vision board.
* Be aware of how people in your life speak to you.
* Talk about your passions with others.
* Forgive yourself for past mistakes.
*Give yourself a compliment.
* write a list of things you’ve accomplished this year.
3.Receiving Gifts:
When it comes to this love language,it’s the thought behind the gift that counts. You love the idea that someone bought or made a gift with just you in mind. If receiving gifts is your love language ,you truly appreciate when people listen to your interests and passions.
Let’s say that you adore all things music. You’d probably feel emotional if your loved ones suprised you with tickets to your favorite artist’s concert. Another thing that would mean the world to you is if they made you a personalized playlist! Overall, small gifts make you feel special because someone you love thought about you
Self-love Ideas for Receiving Gifts:
* Treat yourself to a small gift from yore fav shop.
* Buy a ticket to see a local show or movie.
* Invest in your hobbies and passions.
* Decorate your workspace with positive knickknacks.
* create a scrapbook of memories & mementos.
* Make yourself a self care kit.
* start a DIY project just for fun.
4. Physical Touch :
If physical touch is your love language,a hug from someone you care about can make your wholeday. Showing affection through physical touch calms you down and makes you happiest. When it comes to self care , take the steps you need to feel more in tune with your body. Doing so well bring you a sense of calm.
Self-love ideas for physical Touch:
* cook yourself a healthy dinner.
* Get some fresh air
* Light your favorite candle.
* work on your skincare routine.
* sign up for a fitness class.
* Enjoy a cup of tea.
* Drink a glass of water
* play with makeup.
* Go to the gym.
5. Acts of service :
On to the final self- love language _ acts of service! When I took Dr.chapman’s quiz,I was’nt too surprised that this was my personal love language.At the end of the day ,this love language is all about showing the people in your life you care.
Self-love Ideas for Acts of service:
* check off your to-do list.
* Donate to a local charity.
* Learn how to set boundaries and say no to things that drain your energy.
Color is a communicator. It has a language all its own that we utilize, and culturally participate with, on a daily basis. Color can inspire moods from outside in interior designers and decorators know this. To initiate color choices, color professionals.Mere color,unspoiled by meaning,and unallied with definite form, can speak to the soul in a thousand different ways.
It is used effectively color theory is one of the most powerful tools a designer can wield. Colors are a form of non verbal communication that can speak volumes in a fraction of second. They can instantly set a mood,convey an emotion,invoke a physiological reaction or inspire people to take action.when we harness the right color emotion to help tell a client’s story it can have a powerful effect. Below is a list of PMS colors and their associated moods.
Red :
Evokes strong emotions like passion or intensity, encourages appetite,symbolizes love and danger, Eyes look to red first, it draws attemtion,creates movement and exctiment, Too much red however,feels hostile. Use to stimulate quick decision making, shows to increase respiration rate ,raise blood pressure and enhance metabolism.
Yellow :
A spontaneous yet unstable color, associated with joy, intellect , energy, happiness, and food. Use to attract attention. When overused it can have a disturbing effects, studies have shown that babies cry more in yellow rooms. Cherrful, warm and symbolizes energy and increases metabolism. Yellow also causes the brain to seretonin, giving one a feeling of optismism . That is all well are good but if used wrongly on a brands graphics and especially on a website, and can strain eyes and cause eye fatigue.
Blue :
Number one color preferred by males. Symbolizes trust, loyality, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth. Use to promote cleaniness, stability and hi tech products. Shown to supress ones appetite and stimulate productivity.
Orange :
Highly accepted among the younger generation. Associated with tascination, creativity, determination, attraction, encouragement and stimualtion. Effective in promoting food products by stimulating, appetite. Increases oxygen to the brain amd stimulates mental activity.
Green :
The color of nature that involves a healing power. Symbolizes grown relaxation, harmony, freshness and fertility. Use to promote saftey and tranqullity. Stimulates harmony in the brain promoting balance between body and mind.
White :
A depiction of faith and purity. Associated with safety and cleanliness. Use to suggest simplicity and sterlitity in products. Acts as a clean state and helps to promote creativity.
Purple :
The color of royality. Associated with luxury, ambition, wisdom, dignity, independence, creativity and magic. Use when marketing toys to children. Surveys taken have shown that 3/4 of childen prefer that color purple.
Black :
A mysterious yet authoritative color, associated with elegance, formality, fear, death and evil. Use behind bright colors to make them pop. Know to create a slimming effect when worn.
Gray :
Gray is the perfect neutral to work with in a graphics environments and has less reflection than white. Evokes a sense of professionalism and calm. Seen a sleek and high-end and gives one a sense of stability. Too much evokes a feeling of aging, depression and loss.
Pink :
A calming and warm color that evokes love and romance. Pink is a clean and feminine color. Recently however, there has been a backlash against is overuse in product packaging, giving rise to the term ” pink- washed”.
Color Harmony :
Color is similar to musical notes in many ways, and there are certain combinations of colors that are pleasing when put together, approximately called color chords or color Harmonies.
Complementary :
Colors that are opposite of each other on the color wheel are called complementary colors. The high contrast between complementary colors when seen together causes them to stand out more and has a very vibrant look, but can be tricky to use in large doses without being too intense.
Split- Complementary:
Split – complementary is a variation on complementary. It uses one color and the two adjacement colors to its complement to bring the same strong contrast as complementary color combinations,but with less tension.
Analogous :
Using colors next to each other on the color wheel tend to give designs a feeling of unity and serenity. Because these colors are similar in hue, having constrating values is important when using analogous combinations to keep colors distinct from each other.
Triadic :
Triadic combinations are made with three colors located equal distance from each other on the color wheel, such as red, yellow, and blue making a triangular pattern. This harmony has a tendency to be vibrant despite satuartion, and is often more impacting when one color is used more than the others.
With the rise in the online world of work, digital marketing is emerging as a crucial field of marketing. In 2019, digital marketing surpassed traditional marketing for the first time. This is due to the fact that, consumers are increasingly getting involved with the online channels. Due to the pandemic, nearly all utilities and services are shifting towards the online mode. In such scenario, digital marketing is increasingly getting popular and necessary to sustain businesses. Digital marketing refers to the marketing that is done using internet or online based technologies like laptops, mobiles, or other digital devices. It is basically advertisements done through digital platforms such as search engines, websites, social media, email, and mobile apps. By implementing an a sound digital marketing strategy, marketers can collect valuable insights into target audience behaviours while opening the door to new methods of customer engagement. Additionally, companies can expect to see an increase in profits. Digital marketing revolves around 5Ds: digital devices, digital platforms, digital media, digital data, and digital technology. The first of the 5Ds mainly focuses on digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, desktop computers, TVs, and gaming devices. It mainly deals with the target audience’s interaction and engagement on websites and mobile applications. Digital platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, Instagram etc. Are the preferred platforms to capture the attention of target audience. Digital media revolves around paid, owned, and earned communications channels utilized to build engagement with the target market through several ways such as advertising e-mails, messaging, search engines, and social networks. Digital data refers audience profiles and engagement patterns with businesses. Digital technology on the other hand focuses on building interactive experiences across a wide range of platforms, from your websites and mobile apps. To gain an upper hand in the sphere of digital marketing, it is important to understand and creatively utilize the 5Ds for the benefit of the company or business. There are many platforms that assist in digital marketing. Social media is a great way to promote products or resources organically to brand followers, and engage with consumers. A vast majority of individuals have more than single social media accounts. Platforms like Facebook, Instagram etc. Are very popular and helpful in reaching out to a large audience. Social media platforms allow marketers to reach their prospects in a variety of ways. Marketing teams can use these channels to distribute paid ads and sponsored content. Each platform is different so one can choose accordingly but most have capabilities that allow marketing teams to place ads based on location, job title, interests, age, etc. E mail marketing is also very useful. It allows organizations to stay connected with prospects and customers, sending them customized newsletters or offers based on past shopping history or brand engagements. Even consumers agree that email plays a role in their purchase decisions. Furthermore, transactional emails are more likely to be opened by subscribers. Digital marketing platforms span several functions in one solution – allowing marketing teams to get a more integrated / holistic view of their campaigns.
Etiquette refers to correct manners and behaviour in a formal eating scenario in the world of dining. Making a positive impression at both lunch/dinner interviews and social business scenarios requires proper manners. The following tips can help you stand out as a polished professional, even if common sense is frequently your greatest guide.
SOCIAL HOUR
The objective of reception or sociable hours is usually to network for jobs and entertain clients. Follow the majority of people in the room’s lead and the following fundamental guidelines:
At least one hand should be free. If you’re standing, always use one hand to hold a drink or food; never use both. Hold a drink in your left hand so you have a dry hand to provide a solid but not crushing handshake.
You can eat and drink while sitting, but standing and greeting is usually preferable.
Maintain strong eye contact. Don’t forget to greet the host/hostess and refrain from interrupting discussions.
Approaching two individuals who are deep in discussion is not a good idea. Wait until there is a pause in the conversation to introduce yourself. To join the conversation, look for visual signals.
Make eye contact with the other person. Inquire about people’s backgrounds and occupations.
Always provide your contact information and be aware of when it is time to go. Move on to the next group or person, follow up with prospective contacts, and assimilate new information.
Maintain a professional and courteous tone throughout your discussions. In certain situations, stay away from contentious topics like politics, religion, and sports. Make an effort not to take over the conversation.
ARRIVAL OR SITTING DOWN
Arrive on time, and if you know you’ll be late, phone ahead.
Bags, handbags, sunglasses, mobile phones, and briefcases should not be placed on the table.
Maintain correct posture and keep your elbows away from the table.
Wait 15 minutes before phoning to inquire about your dinner companions’ arrival status.
When meeting someone get up if you are seated, smile and extend your hand, that handshake should last for 3-4 seconds.
Men are expected to help ladies with their chairs, but this does not always happen; at luxury establishments, wait staff may provide assistance.
Take your napkin, fold it in half, and lay it on your lap once seated.
TABLE SETTING AND USAGE OF NAPKIN
When faced with a variety of dining utensils, keep in mind the rule of thumb of starting on the outside and working your way in. If you have two forks, for example, start with the fork on the exterior.
Never converse with your cutlery and never make a fist with a utensil.
When you’re not using the utensils, place them on your plate rather than on the table.
Following your host’s lead, you should place your napkin on your lap shortly after sitting down at the table. The end of the napkin on your legs should be folded inwards.
Throughout the meal, the napkin should be kept on your lap. If you leave the table, place your napkin on your chair as an indicator to the waiter that you will be back or to the left of your plate after the meal which signifies the meal is over and you are done.
BEING SERVED AND PLACING AN ORDER
1. Unless your host urges you to, do not order the most costly item on the menu, appetisers, or dessert. Even if the interviewer orders alcohol, it is better not to order it; nevertheless, if alcohol is taken, it should be drunk in moderation.
2. Ordering things that are messy or difficult to consume is not a good idea (i.e. spaghetti, French onion soup).
3. Before you begin, wait until everyone has been served, unless the person who hasn’t been served urges you to do so.
BE AWARE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF EATING
Continental or European Style: Use the right hand to cut the food and the left hand to hold it while cutting and eating.
American Style: Use the right hand to cut the food and the left hand to hold it, then swap hands to eat with the right hand.
WHILE EATING
While eating Slowly chew your food and take only a few tiny nibbles at a time.
Chew with your mouth closed and avoid talking while eating.
Bread should be ripped into little pieces and just a few tastes of butter should be consumed at a time. Bread should not be sliced with a knife or eaten whole.
Instead of blowing on your soup, gently stir it to chill it. Take a spoonful of soup and move it away from you.
It is not necessary for you to clean your plate. Leaving some food on your plate is considered courteous.
AFTER YOU’VE COMPLETED
1.When you’re done, don’t stack or push your dishes away; instead, leave them in the same position.
2. Place your fork and knife diagonally across the plate, side by side, with the fork and knife pointing at 10:00 and 4:00 on a clock face, respectively. This indicates to the wait staff that you have completed your meal.
3. In most cases, the individual who begins the dinner pays and tips appropriately.
Education is the most powerful weapon for the human. Education is proved the our mental stability, education can change life. It is good for career. And it can taken to lead the happy life.
What is education?
Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed research. … The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.
Importance of education in life
Education can turn our life’s. It is help to growing the life. If you learn some thing not only study’s whatever you learn that is also education.
Features of education:
1.Removing poverty
Education helps in removing poverty as if a person is educated, he can get a good job and fulfill all the basic needs & requirement of his family.
2.women empowerment
Education also helps in empowering women. Certain old customs like Not Remarrying Widows, Sati Pratha, Child Marriage, Dowry System etc. can be demolished with the power of education. Women, if educated, can raise voice against the injustice done to her. This will bring a lot of development in society as well as in the nation. In short, Right to Freedom of speech & expression can be used in the right way if all women will become educated.
3.communications
The relationship between the education and communition is related to each other. Education can makes help to good communication.
person who is educated feels confident within him to confront or give a speech in front of a large public or can held a meeting or seminar.
Writing emails, letters, typing messages, reading magazines & newspapers or even using a Smartphone can never be possible without getting a basic education.
4.law and order
Education enables the process of the Nation’s Fast Development. If you have a good education, you can serve your country well. It develops a good political ideology.
Types of education
1.Formal education:
Formal education or formal learning usually takes place in the premises of the school, where a person may learn basic, academic, or trade skills. Small children often attend a nursery or kindergarten but often formal education begins in elementary school and continues with secondary school.
2.Informal education:
Informal learning refers to learning that occurs away from a structured, formal classroom environment. Informal learning comes in many forms, including viewing videos, self-study, reading articles, participating in forums and chat rooms, performance support, coaching sessions, and games…
3.Non-formal education
Non–formal education refers to education that occurs outside the formal school system. Non–formal education is often used interchangeably with terms such as community education, adult education, lifelong education and second-chance education. … Inclusion in a regular school should be prioritized as every child’s right.
Characteristics of education
Characteristics of education (A) Formal Education Highlights (i) Planned with a particular end in view. (ii) Limited to a specific period. (iii) Well-defined and systematic curriculum (iv) Givenby specially qualified teachers. (v) Includes activities outside the classroom (vi) Observesstrict discipline.
MEPAP(MULTIPURPOSE ELECTRICITY PRODUCER INTEGRATED WITH AIR PURIFIER)
WHAT MADE ME TO DO THIS PROJECT
I was from a lower middle class family. We suffered many months without electricity and our area is prone to traffic so our area is filled with smoke and dust. Many were suffering from several respiratory disorders due to this dust and smoke. These made me to think of inventing a low cost electricity generator
The growing demand for electrical energy and increasing air pollution around the globe is the main factor that driven my research.
More than 80 percent of our energy today comes from burning fossil fuels, which is both harmful to our environment and unsustainable as well. My invention will help to solve the energy crisis by improving the efficiency of electromagnetic energy-harvesting systems, vibration energy-harvesting systems , wind energy-harvesting systems, thermal energy harvesting system and air cleanser all in a single project.
Due to increase in the carbon dioxide level and other harmful gases specially which are contributing in increase in pollution and global warming, our automobile industries are one of the easy and clear target therefore many researches has been undertaken in this field . Globally, it is estimated that about 1/3 of the total energy is utilized while remaining is rejected as waste heat. The maximum efficiency of an engine is around 25% which means that 75 % of the energy left is wasted in the form of heat from parasitic losses and friction which causes 30% waste in the engine coolant and 40% in the form of gases in exhaust.
The given figure shows the energy distribution in an Internal Combustion Engine.
MEPAP’S AIR PURIFIER
FEATURES AND WORKING
MEPAP AIR CLEANSER IS AN AIR PURIFIER WHICH PURIFIES AIR FROM THE SOURCE (VEHICLES AND FACTORIES EXHAUST) WHERE IT IS PRODUCED.
IT IS MADE TO REDUCE THE AIR POLLUTION
The compact purifier is an apt solution for the increasing pollution. The Active Oxidization Cell with its self-cleaning abilities keeps the purification process on, while the 360º air flow guards us from harmful impurities by distributing healthy air.
Active shield
The purification process eliminates sub-micron respirable particles and infection carrying microbes in the air.
Active Carbon Filter
The most advanced technology filters out bad odor, toxic gases and other harmful gases including VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) from the air you breathe in. The carbon filters have excellent absorbent qualities to soothe respiratory discomforts by eliminating irritants in the air.
ICC (Improved Catalytic Converter): Catalytic converters, having expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as the catalysts, are fitted into automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases. As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively. To overcome from cost and reducing the rare metal usage the project made the drive to develop an alternate source of oxidation catalyst for oxidation reaction and thus reduces the NOx and HC emissions. The substrate selected in this project is wash coat technology employed by using the silicon dioxide and alumina with silica. The catalytic converter is constructed with inner/outer shell construction supported with cones and flanges. The initial emission readings are conducted in the experimental engine. This catalytic converter reduces the harmful pollutant more efficiently and at a lower cost than the conventional catalytic converter.
Honeycomb Active Carbon Filter
The carbon filters have excellent absorbent qualities to eliminate repulsive smell, toxic gases and other odor, leaving behind fresh and pure air to breathe.
HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) Type Filter
The HEPA type filter removes airborne pollutants and eliminates ultra-fine particles like bacteria, pollen, and mould, which cannot be done by other air purifiers.
Anion Generator
The technology ensures that the air you breathe has no positive ions, leaving you rest assured of living in a no impurities zone. Negative ions produced by purifier bind themselves with airborne pollutants and removes them from the air thereby creating a fresh and cleaner environment
Air pollution sensors
Air pollution sensors are devices that detect and monitor the presence of air pollution in the surrounding area. They can be used for both indoor and outdoor environments. These sensors can be built at home, or bought from certain manufactures. Although there are various types of air pollution sensors, and some are specialized in certain aspects, the majority focuses on five components: ozone, particulate matter, carbonmonoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrous oxide.
FUTURE PLAN FOR AIR PURIFIER PART
Carbon Separator and Collector: Carbon dioxide is considered a major reason for global warming. The element jeopardizes people’s health, threatens national security, and endangers basic human needs. Yet, it also holds great promise as a fuel of the future.
The carbon dioxide splitter, which consists of copper and tin.
The splitter has an atomic layer of tin in order to trap the energy that would be lost if copper is utilized as an electrode. It also has a thin membrane between the cathode and anode to improve the reaction.
The splitter can open windows to solving the problem of storing energy from renewable sources by turning it straight into liquid fuel.
The process of splitting is efficient and carbon-neutral. It is already a well-known method of producing fuel without increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. CO2 is split into oxygen and carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide can be incorporated with hydrogen to create synthetic carbon-based fuel. CO2 is taken out of the atmosphere without being put back in, which produces clean fuel.
MEPAP ELECTRICITY GENERATOR GENERATES ELECTRICITY WITH THE HELP OF VIBRATRION(Piezoelectric Materials) AND ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION(with the help of MetaMaterials) ELECTROMAGNETIC induction [inductive coupling(power density is proportional to d, q, 1/d^3)] and wind energy( from purifier where mini turbine is connected with dynamo) AND ALSO THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY (power density=25µW/cm^2).
ELECTRICITY from VIBRATRION
MEPAP ELECTRICITY GENERATOR could produce enough electricity from random, ambient vibrations to power a wristwatch, pacemaker, wireless sensor , phones etc..,
MEP are highly efficient at providing renewable electrical power from arbitrary, non-periodic vibrations. This type of vibration is a byproduct of traffic driving on bridges, machinery operating in factories and humans moving their limbs.
In two of the sub generators present in PFIG (Parametric Frequency Increased Generators), the energy conversion is performed through electromagnetic induction, in which a coil is subjected to a varying magnetic field. This is a process similar to how large-scale generators in big power plants operate. It also uses piezoelectric material, which is a type of material that produces charge when it is stressed. This version has applications in infrastructure health monitoring. The generators could one day power bridge sensors that would warn inspectors of cracks or corrosion before human eyes could discern problems.
Power Density= 4 µW/cm^2
MECHANISM AND APPLICATIONS:
It contains a resonator which is used to amplify the vibration source, and a transducer device which changes the energy from the vibrations into electrical energy. The transducer consists of a magnet and coil of a piezoelectric crystal.
A number of crystals can emit an electric current when compressed or they can change shape when an electric charge is employed. This piezoelectric effect is used in ultrasound and sonar devices, as well as energy harvesting.
Piezoelectric generators utilize thin casings or beams made of piezoelectric crystals as a transducer mechanism. When a crystal is placed under strain by the kinetic energy of the vibration, a small quantity of current is produced because of the piezoelectric effect. These mechanisms are generally straightforward with few moving parts, and they have a very long service life, making them the most prevalent technique of harvesting the energy from vibrations. It is fabricated by MEMS process.
This device uses a freely rotating, unconventional brass rotor with an implanted magnet, and multiple PZT beams with a magnet on each beam.
As the magnet on the rotor draws near one of the beams, the magnets repel each other and deflects the beam, pulling the beam in a process that is described as frequency up-conversion. The gradual rate of a rotating wrist is changed into a higher frequency oscillation. This device is more efficient than a standard electromagnetic harvester, as such as those used in self-powered watches.
Another application, which is in the early stages of development, desires to use the vibrations generated during aircraft flight to power the electronics on the plane that currently depend on on batteries. Such a system would produce a reliable energy source, and reduce maintenance, since batteries would not need to be replaced and piezoelectric systems have a long service life. This system uses a resonator, which permits the airflow to produce a high amplitude steady tone. This is the same principle that is used in many wind instruments by converting the airflow furnished by the musician into a loud steady tone. This tone is used as the vibration that is transformed from kinetic to electric energy by the piezoelectric generator
ELECTRICITY from ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION:
Electromagnetic energy harvesting based on the “full absorption concept.” This involves the use of metamaterials that can be tailored to produce media that neither reflects nor transmits any power—enabling full absorption of incident waves at a specific range of frequencies and polarizations since the inception of collecting and harvesting electromagnetic energy, classical dipole patch antennas have been used. “Now, my technology introduces ‘metasurfaces’ that are much better energy collectors than classical antennas. microstrip patch antennas areused because of their low profile, light weight, and planar structure for RF harvesting.
Metasurfaces are formed by etching the surface of a material with an elegant pattern of periodic shapes. The particular dimensions of these patterns and their proximity to each other can be tuned to provide “near-unity” energy absorption. This energy is then channeled to a load through a conducting path that connects the metasurface to a Electromagnetic energy collector.
We can also channel the absorbed energy into a load, rather than having the energy dissipate in the material as was done in previous works. Other key applications include “wireless power transfer—directly adaptable to power remote devices such as RFID devices and tags or even remote devices in general.
The technology can also be extended to the infrared and visible spectra
Power Density= 25µW/cm^2.
ELECTRICITY from ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION(RF):
Wi-Fi signals are made of radio waves. Receiving antennas can wirelessly harvest electromagnetic radiation in the Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz), global satellite positioning (1.58 GHz and 1.22 GHz), the cellular communications fourth-generation (4G) (1.7 GHz and 1.9 GHz), and Bluetooth (2.4 GHz) bands and convert the energy from these electromagnetic waves to alternating current (AC). The AC electricity is then sent to the rectifier, which converts it to direct current (DC) electricity.
Using a rectifier made from a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layer that is only 3 atoms thick. At this thickness, the MoS2 behaves differently than the bulk material — the atoms rearrange themselves when exposed to certain chemicals. This means the material can behave like a switch, changing from a semiconductor to metallic structure. The MoS2 creates what’s called a Schottky diode, a junction of semiconductor and metal. The diode described in their paper can convert signals at higher frequencies because the structure reduces the extra energy stored by certain materials used in electronics, known as parasitic capacitance. The researchers’ design reduces parasitic capacitance by an order of magnitude compared to current flexible rectifiers, meaning they can capture the previously elusive high-frequency Wi-Fi band radio waves.
ENERGY FROM TERAHERTZ(will implement in future.):
Terahertz waves are electromagnetic radiation with a frequency somewhere between microwaves and infrared light. Also known as “T-rays,” they are produced by almost anything that registers a temperature, including our own bodies and the inanimate objects around us.
Terahertz waves are pervasive in our daily lives, and if harnessed, their concentrated power could potentially serve as an alternate energy source. However, to date there has been no practical way to capture and convert them into any usable form.
MEPAP device would be able to convert terahertz waves into a direct current in future, a form of electricity that powers many household electronics.
This design (referred from MIT ) takes advantage of the quantum mechanical, or atomic behavior of the carbon material graphene. They found that by combining graphene with another material, in this case, boron nitride, the electrons in graphene should skew their motion toward a common direction. Any incoming terahertz waves should “shuttle” graphene’s electrons, like so many tiny air traffic controllers, to flow through the material in a single direction, as a direct current.
Rectifiers, devices that are designed to convert electromagnetic waves from their oscillating (alternating) current to direct current.
Most rectifiers are designed to convert low-frequency waves such as radio waves, using an electrical circuit with diodes to generate an electric field that can steer radio waves through the device as a DC current.
Solar Energy:
Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels use the sun’s power to create a flow of electricity. This is the most widely adopted method of harvesting solar energy today. These panels, which range in size from a few square centimeters to a few square meters, are constructed from many PV cells arranged in an intricate matrix. Intuitively, the larger the surface area available for sunlight to penetrate the PV cells, the more solar energy that gets harvested.
Each PV solar cell is generally made up of a compound semiconductor wafer structure, which can either be a monocrystalline or polycrystalline structure. The structure’s two thin semiconductor wafers, one P-type and one N-type, are each grown separately. The two wafers are placed on top of each other, and the natural reaction that occurs between the two semiconductor types creates a depletion zone that reaches an equilibrium point, without generating any electricity. Due to the PV cell, when light photons pass through and connect with the semiconductor wafers, their interaction releases enough energy to create an equilibrium disruption in the depletion region. That action subsequently creates a brief flow of electricity. However, because of the constant presence of light, this interaction occurs continuously and can produce massive amounts of electrical energy.
The power produced by a single photon interaction replicates across the entire surface of the PV cell. It’s compounded into a whole panel of solar cells. This minor interaction in the depletion zone can be repeated and multiplied, resulting in a significant amount of electricity. PV solar arrays, however, produce DC power. To be integrated with modern power transmission technology, such as the outlets in your home, this DC energy must be converted to AC power using an inverter. There are a variety of proprietary iterations of this fundamental technology that seek to optimize the efficiency of each PV cell on a molecular level, the assembly of the panel, and the panel’s ability to be integrated into a larger solar array.
Thin-film solar cell, type of device that is designed to convert light energy into electrical energy (through the photovoltaic effect) and is composed of micron-thick photon-absorbing material layers deposited over a flexible substrate.
Cadmium telluride thin-films have a peak recorded efficiency of more than 22.1 percent (the percentage of photons hitting the surface of the cell that are transformed into an electric current). By 2014 cadmium telluride thin-film technologies had the smallest carbon footprint and quickest payback time of any thin-film solar cell technology on the market. This is the reason why I used Cadmium telluride thin-film in MEPAP.
Power Density= 1000µW/cm^2
Energy Harvesting from a Vehicle’s Exhaust System Using Thermoelectric Generator Module(TEG):
The efficiency in an internal combustion engine ranges from 25% to 35%. About 50% – 85% of the overall energy loss in a combustion engine is heat, which is either cooled away by the vehicle’s radiator or blown out with the exhaust gases. The other losses take place in bearings and gear boxes. This energy is never put into use again and therefore is called “waste heat”. Even if a small fraction of the waste heat could be turned into useful energy again, it would be a step to the right direction of improving fuel economy.
TEG in MEPAP is a solid stated device which works on the principle of ‘Seebeck effect’.
They are found in solar energy systems like solar panels, solar hot water system, biomass power applications, energy power plants and solar pond systems .Installing a TEG with MEPAP is easy and very beneficial as it has some advantages like small in size, it has no vibrations, makes less or no noise while operating, it generally requires less or no maintenance. And major advantage is that it is using free thermal energy and converting into useful electrical energy. A thermoelectric module consists of many thermo elements connected in electrical channel in series to increase the operating voltage and to increase the thermal conductivity they are connected in parallel. According to a research the conversion of this waste heat into electricity results to an increase of fuel efficiency about 20% . A TEG in MEPAP works on the principle of a Seebeck effect. Two metallic strips, made of different metals and joined at the ends to form a loop. If the junctions are kept at different temperatures then there is an electric current in the loop and the emf developed is called the SEEBECK emf or thermo emf and the current can be used to power a load.
The TEG in MEPAP structure is sandwiched with the thermoelectric material which is then sandwiched by the heat exchanger plates at their ends respectively. The two heat exchangers remains at different temperatures, one at high temperature and the other at lower temperature and called the hot side and cold side. A thermally insulated layer is present between metal heat exchanger and material of a TEG in MEPAP. The p type and n type materials are connected by the metal electrically. A TEG in MEPAP consists of a two sides, one is cold and other is hot side. The hotter side derives the electrons in n type leg towards the cold side which pass through the metallic connection and then passes into the p type leg, hence develops current. Larger the temperature difference between cold side and hot side, larger value of emf will produce.
TEG Power Generation Calculation:
The equation involved in calculation of the performance of a TEG
Z = α2/ kR
Z is a figure of merit of thermoelectric material, R is the electric resistivity
k is a thermal conductivity and
α is a Seebeck coefficient which is
α = ∆V / ∆T,
THERMOELECTRIC METALS:
Thermoelectric materials are used in automobiles, power plants, space satellite, etc. Thermoelectric materials can be characterized according to the structure and composition. They can be classified as – chalcogenide, clathrates, skutterudites, half-heusler, oxides and silicides. The most common thermoelectric materials are the alloys of chalcogenide. The calcogenide materials are popular for their use with (Bi2Te3) and (PbTe).Thermoelectric materials made with Bi2Te3, Se and Sb for temperature use are economical. PbTe has better thermo electric properties at temperature range 500-600 ⁰C and has been used by NASA as a radioactive thermo electric generator (RTG’s) . The stability of a TE material is very important as it should not oxidize within the operating temperature when exposed in air .But nowadays; automobile industries are focusing on bismuth telluride for constructing a TEG.
High charge mobility and small band gaps are the properties of two heavy elements Bi and Te and Bulk alloys of PbTe have a zT value of 0.7 at 467 ⁰C. When SrTe and PbTe are doped with Na, zT value was 2.2 at 642 ⁰C .Skutterudites (MX3) have a lower thermal conductivity due to its complex crystal structure has large voids. CoSb3 based skutterudites are versatile in accepting various actinides, lanthanides, alkalis and alkaline earth metals to be used in void filling and thermal conductivity of skutterudites lowers as the size decreases .Compounds of half heuslers are intermetallic compounds which are thermally stable, having high thermal conductivity and corresponding seebeck coefficient. The lattice thermal conductivity of these compounds reduces having nano structures due to phonon scattering. SiGe alloys are used for high temperature applications because of having very low degradation up to 1000 ⁰C. When compared to their bulk alloys, nanostructured SiGe alloys have higher zT value. Bulk Si0.8 Ge0.2 has zT value of 1 and 0.6 for n type and p type respectively. There is an improvement in zT value when nanocomposite thermoelectric materials are used.
HARVESTING WIND ENERGY(HEW Module):
The present invention relates to a combination air purifier and wind generator. The combination air purifier and wind generator includes a wind-receiving unit installed on a central shaft for driving an electric generator mounted in housing, and an air purifier. The wind-receiving unit includes a governor fixed to an upper end of the central shaft, a spherical blower installed in the middle of the central shaft, and planar magnetic rotary plates installed at a lower end of the central shaft for receiving both artificial and natural winds. Lower magnets are attached to the top of the housing while upper magnets having the same polarity as the lower magnets are attached to the bottoms of the magnetic rotary plates to face the lower magnets. The air purifier includes two air inlets; one air outlet; a copper net, a silver net and a hard charcoal/zeolite net disposed within the air purifier for purifying air introduced there into; and a blower interposed between the silver net and the hard charcoal/zeolite net.
Even though the intensity of the wind increases, the shaft of the generator is prevented from being accelerated beyond a predetermined speed so that any damage to the generator can be avoided and its life can be prolonged, and which includes a multi-stage wind-receiving unit for causing the shaft to be easily rotated even with the gentle natural wind and the artificial wind from the blower so as to enhance the electricity generation.
HEW Module consist of electric generator installed in a box-type housing, a central shaft protruding beyond the top of the box-type housing and having a lower end with a gear coupled thereto for engaging with a gear of the electric generator and transmitting a rotational force, and a wind-receiving unit coupled to the central shaft. The wind-receiving unit includes a governor fixed to an upper end of the central shaft, a spherical blower disposed below the governor, and planar magnetic rotary plates disposed below the blower for receiving both artificial and natural winds. The governor includes a plurality of cylinders of which one ends are fixed to the central shaft, a plurality of wind cups of which one ends are slidably installed within the respective cylinders, and springs connected with the inner ends of the wind cups for elastically supporting them. Lower magnets are attached to the top of the box-type housing, and upper magnets having the same polarity as the lower magnets are disposed on the bottoms of the respective magnetic rotary plates to face down toward the lower magnets.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a combination air purifier and wind generator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a section view taken along line A—A of FIG. 1.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a combination air purifier and wind generator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are sectional views of a combination air purifier and magnet-type wind generator according to the present invention. Reference numeral 1 designates a box-type housing, 2 designates a wind-receiving unit, 3 designates an air purifier, and 10 designates an electric generator.
Each of the electric generators 10 is a conventional model for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. A shaft of the electric generator 10 is coupled with a gear 11.
The electric generator 10 is installed within the box-type housing 1 made of steel frame and plate, or the like. The gear 11 of the electric generator 10 is engaged with and rotated together with a gear 12 coupled with a lower end of a central shaft 13 which penetrates through the center of a top surface of the box-type housing 1 and is positioned in the box-type housing 1. Thus, the gear 11 connected to components for generating electricity, such as a coil and a magnet that are not shown in the figures, within the electric generator 10 converts the mechanical energy into the electrical energy.
The wind-receiving unit 2 installed on the central shaft 13 includes three wind-resistant bodies: a governor 7 fixed to an upper end of the central shaft 13, a spherical blower 6 disposed below the governor, and planar magnetic rotary plates 5 disposed below the blower 6 for receiving both artificial and natural winds.
The governor 7 fixed to the upper end of the central shaft 13 is a horizontal centrifugal rotary body and includes a plurality of cylinders 73 of which one ends are fixed to the central shaft 13, a plurality of wind cups 72 of which one ends are slidably installed within the respective cylinders 73, and springs 75 connected with the inner ends of the wind cups 72 and inner walls 74 of the cylinders 73 for elastically supporting them.
The blower 6 installed in the middle of the central shaft 13 takes the shape of a sphere defined by a plurality of grouped winglets and can obtain a rotational force even with gentle winds generated in all directions. Further, since the blower 6 is disposed in the middle of the central shaft, it can serve to provide a starting force to the central shaft 13 upon existence of the gentle wind while keeping the balance of the central shaft 13, thereby preventing the central shaft 13 from stopping.
Each of the planar magnetic rotary plates 5 installed at a lower portion of the central shaft 13 is made in the form of a rectangular bucket as shown in FIG. 2. Upper magnets 4′ are attached to the bottoms of the respective magnetic rotary plates. Repulsive forces are produced between the upper magnets 4′ and lower permanent magnets 4 (20,000 gauss or higher) that have the same polarity as the upper magnets and are attached to the top of the box-type housing 1, and thus, a levitation phenomenon occurs therebetween. Accordingly, weights of all the components installed on the central shaft 13 become zero, so that the magnetic rotary plates can be easily rotated even with the gentle wind by means of a rotational action resulting from the repulsive forces between the magnets having the same polarity. Consequently, the rotational ability of the magnetic rotary plates can be improved even under any windy conditions. Particularly, the magnetic rotary plates are constructed to be forcibly rotated with the artificial wind discharged from a blower 36 of the air purifier 3 to be described later, even in the gentle natural wind or windless state.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, the wind cups 72 of the governor 7 and the magnetic rotary plates 5 are staggered so that the wind sequentially and consecutively encounters the wind cups 72 and the magnetic rotary plates 5. Thus, a continuous rotational force is transmitted to the central shaft 13.
The air purifier 3 is fixedly installed on a side of the top of the box-type housing 1 and is Y-shaped by including two air inlets 31, 31′ and one air outlet 32. One of the air inlets 31 is horizontally in line with the air outlet 32 while the other air inlet 31′ is formed to incline upward, so that a wind can be generated due to a change in ambient airflow resulting from drawn air streams and a discharged air stream. Further, a copper net 33, a silver net 34 and a hard charcoal/zeolite net 35 for purifying the polluted air are disposed to be spaced apart from one another at predetermined intervals within the air purifier so that the polluted air is caused to pass through them and to be purified. The blower 36 is interposed between the silver net 34 and the hard charcoal/zeolite net 35 so that the air is forced to be drawn and discharged. Mosquito nets 37, 37′ can be installed at the air inlets 31, 31′ to prevent insects from entering the air purifier.
Reference numeral 8, which has not yet been explained, designates a bearing for ensuring smooth rotation of the central shaft 13.
Next, the operation of the combination air purifier and wind generator according to the present invention will be described.
When the box-type housing 1 of the combination air purifier and wind generator is installed at a desired location such as the interior of a room or a roadside, a no-load state suitable for rotation of the central shaft 13 is achieved by means of the repulsive forces between the upper magnets 4′ in the magnetic rotary plates 5 and the lower magnets 4 attached to the box-type housing 1. Thus, even though a very gentle wind encounters the blower 6, the wind cups 72 of the governor 7 and the magnet rotary plates 5, the central shaft 13 immediately begins to be rotated and is further accelerated by the action of the repulsive forces between the lower and upper magnets 4, 4′. Accordingly, the desired electricity can be easily obtained through the electric generators 10.
In order to reduce loads and cause the rotational speed of the central shaft 13 to reach a normal rotational speed in a short time upon initial rotation of the central shaft 13, the wind cups 72 of the governor 7 are maintained in a state where they are pulled toward the central shaft 13 by the springs 75. The wind cups 72 are kept in the initial starting state without any change in their state so as to facilitate the rotation of the central shaft 13 until rated electricity is provided through normal electricity generation.
The initial rotation of the central shaft is facilitated even with the gentle wind by means of the repulsive forces between the lower and upper magnets 4, 4′, the inward positioned state of the wind cups 72, and the spherical blower 6. Further, the magnetic repulsive forces and the inward positioned state of the wind cups 72 continuously assist the central shaft 13, which has begun to be rotated, to cause its rotation speed to reach the rotational speed at which the desired rated electricity can be generated.
Meanwhile, if the intensity of the wind is increased in a state where the rotational speed of each electric generator 10 reaches a normal rotational speed, the rotational speed of the central shaft 13 is also increased and thus the electric generator may be burdened with an overload.
In order to protect the electric generator 10 against the overload, if the central shaft 13 is rotated with a rotational force larger than a predetermined rotational force, the wind cups 72 of the governor 7 are urged outward from the center of the central shaft 13 by centrifugal forces to reduce its rotational force. On the contrary, if the rotational force of the central shaft 13 begins to be reduced, the wind cups 72 are pulled toward the central shaft by means of the restoring forces of the springs 75 so as to reduce the centrifugal forces. Therefore, it is possible to always maintain the normal rotational speed of the central shaft 13.
Meanwhile, in the very gentle natural wind state or the windless state, the blower 36 of the air purifier 3 is operated using either electric power, which has been generated by the electric generators 10 and then stored, or separate electric power. With the operation of the blower 36, the ambient polluted air is caused to be introduced into the air inlets 31, 31′. This causes a change in airflow thereabouts which in turn generates a wind. The introduced polluted air is purified by passing through the copper net 33, the silver net 34 and the hard charcoal/zeolite net 35, which are disposed within the air purifier. The purified air is discharged and then causes the magnetic rotary plates 5 to be rotated as shown in FIG. 2. As the magnetic rotary plates 5 are rotated, the blower 6 and the governor 7 installed above the magnetic rotary plates are rotated together therewith to increase the rotational force. Finally, the central shaft 13 operates the electric generators 10 so that the electricity is generated.
STORAGE SYSTEMS:
The hybrid energy-storage system(HESS) contains two supercapacitors of different sizes and a switching circuit. An adaptive-learning switching algorithm controls the switching circuit. This algorithm predicts the available source energy and the period that the sensor node will remain in the high-energy area. The algorithm dynamically switches between the supercapacitors according to available ambient RF, Vibration, Solar, EM and Thermal energy. Extensive simulation and experiments evaluated the proposed method. The proposed system showed 40% and 80% efficiency over single supercapacitor system in terms of the amount of harvested energy and sensor coverage.
In a HESS typically one storage (ES1) is dedicated to cover “high power” demand, transients and fast load fluctuations and therefore is characterized by a fast response time, high efficiency and high cycle lifetime. The other storage (ES2) will be the “high energy” storage with a low self-discharge rate and lower energy specific installation costs .
Main advantages of a HESS are:
Reduction of total investment costs compared to a single storage system (due to a decoupling of energy and power, ES2 only has to cover average power demand)
Increase of total system efficiency (due to operation of ES2 at optimized, high efficiency operating points and reduction of dynamic losses of ES2)
Increase of storage and system lifetime (optimized operation and reduction of dynamic stress of ES2)
Energy storage coupling architecture in HESS used in MEPAP:
The coupling architecture in MEPAP consists of two DC/DC-converters. Here the parallel converter topology is very common. The additional DC/DC-converter associated with the “high-power” storage is in charge of the voltage regulation of the DC-bus. It helps to operate the “high-power” storage in a broader voltage band, and hereby the available storage capacity is better utilized.
Frequency decoupling used in MEPAP is well suited for real-time applications. It is accomplished by a simple low-pass filter or by advanced filter concepts based on wavelet or Fourier transform. The low frequency component supplies the set-point value of the power controller of ES2, the high frequency component is covered by ES1.
DESIGNS
PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER
ELECTRICITY from ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Metasurfaces
MoS2 layer
RF CIRCUITS
Photovoltaic (PV) solar panel:
Thermoelectric Generator Module(TEG)
STORAGE SYSTEMS
RESEARCH TEST AND IMPACTS
RESEARCH TEST ON PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL AND ENERGY FROM VIBRATION:
RESEARCH TEST ON ENERGY HARVESTING FROM EM RADIATION,METAMATERIALS AND RECTENNA:
Output power Usually, the outcome of a WPH system is DC power, which is characterized by load voltage VDD and current IDD. Measuring open-load voltage demonstrates the performance of WPH in general since VDD and IDD depend on load impedance. If the load is a sensor, VDD is more important than IDD while in applications like electrolysis or LED, current is the dominant parameter
Comparison of power-harvesting antenna:
Comparison of voltage multiplier:
R as:
Pr= PtGtGr (λ/4πR)2
where Gt and Gr are antenna gains, and λ is the wavelength of the transmitted signal. The received signal strength, diminishes with the square of the distance, requires special sensitivity considerations in the circuit design. Moreover, FCC regulations limit the maximum transmission power in specific frequency bands. For example, in the 900 MHz band, this maximum threshold is 4 W. Even at this highest setting, the received power at a moderate distance of 20 m is attenuated down to only 10 μW.
(a) The concept of a Huygens’ metasurface [38]. (b) A loaded strip-loop unit cell. (c) A reflection less refracting bi-anisotropic metasurface tested using a quasi-optical system at 20 GHz. (d) Full-wave simulation of reflection less refraction for normal incidence to 71.8 degrees.
(a) A collimating Huygens’ metasurface lens. A ‘spider’ unit cell has been used. (b) Beam collimation in the E-plane at 35.2 GHz. Top view of the metasurface metallization pattern. (c) Concept of a cavity excited metasurface to synthesize arbitrary antenna patterns. (d) Synthesized one parameter Taylor’s distribution with side lobes <-20Db. Sketch of metamaterial converter for the generation of flying doughnut pulses. The metasurface consists of azimuthally oriented dipole resonators arranged in concentric rings. The inset at the bottom left of the figure shows a false color image of a flying doughnut pulse, experimentally generated by a plasmonic metasurface (fabricated by focused-ion-beam milling.
Schematics of TPV (a) and STPV (b) systems. Metasurface emitters are heated with the heat source (TPV) or with solar irradiance in STPV using broadband absorbers and the emission is used to power PV cells.
Waveform-dependent absorber which uses a diode bridge and RC circuit to selectively respond to the envelope of the incoming signal rather than simply its frequency.
Generic representation of a nonreciprocal metasurface, with bias field F0. (b) Magnetless transistor-loaded ring metamaterial particle, mimicking electron spin precession in ferrites, with current J0 operating as the biasing field. (c) Reflective Faraday ring metasurface based on the particle in (b). (Left) Perspective view of the metasurface structure. (Right) Faraday rotation angle versus frequency obtained theoretically from the equivalent magnetic Polder tensor (dashed and solid curves) and experimentally from the prototype shown in the insets (dots) .
(a) Calculated dispersion diagram of a coaxial cable loaded with circular metallic inclusions. (b) calculated effective index of refraction of a parallel-plate glide-symmetric structures .
RESEARCH TEST ON PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL AND SOLAR ENERGY
FF is determined by the relation Vmpp /Voc .
RESEARCH TEST FROM EXHAUST ENERGY(TEG MODULE)
Speed of the vehicle is the most important factor for the power generated by a TEG. For better Performance of TEG, speed of vehicle should be greater. As the exhaust temperature is higher, more energy is available for the conversion into electrical energy. There is increase in optimal length and reduction in optimal width based on dynamic optimization simulations when the Temperature of the exhaust increases.
The efficiency and power of a TEG remarkably depends on the temperature. Given figure shows the temperature of inlet and outlet when the engine is operated between 2500 rpm to 3400 rpm. As the engine speed increases, the temperature difference between the surfaces of TEM increases rapidly, hence the output power also increases.
It was found that there is a possibility of generating 1.4 kW of electricity form the heat recovery system in the exhaust of the car if the power produced by the engine is 150 kW and also found that it is possible to produce electricity of 5.9 MW by a waste heat energy recovery system of 500 MW of gas turbine power plant.
Another experiment has been performed for checking the power output of TEG by changing the speed of vehicle. The speed of the vehicle were 48.3, 80.6 and 112.7 km/hr and the result was the output power increased as speed of vehicle increases correspondingly mass flow rate of exhaust and inlet temperature increased as per the speed. At the speed of 80 km/hr, the power output with 72 mm * 4 mm TEM was 75 W.
Fig1. Variation in temperature due to variation in speed.
Fig2. Variation in power production.
TEG Power Generation Calculation:
The equation involved in calculation of the performance of a TEG is
Z = α2 / kR,
Z is a figure of merit of thermoelectric material, R is the electric resistivity
k is a thermal conductivity and
α is a Seebeck coefficient which is
α = ΔV / ΔT,
T ͞ is the average temperature of cold and hot plate of a TEM and when multiplied by Z it makes it Dimensionless.
ZT ͞ = α2 T ͞ /KR
And
T ͞ = (TH +TC ) / 2
As per the second law of thermodynamics,
ῃ = TH – TC / 2
The maximum efficiency of conversion of a TEG can be found using
The output efficiency of a TEG mainly depends on two variables: the temperature and MFR of exhaust. Maximum power output and corresponding heat transfer can be obtained by maximizing the
MFR ratio. As the size of a TEG increases, the output power also increases.
The awesome spectacle of a black hole ripping a star to shreds can be seen in this striking new visualization from the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), a particle accelerator lab in Hamburg, Germany.
Such events are known as stellar tidal disruptors, and they are fairly rare, occurring just once every 10,000 years in a typical galaxy, according to NASA. Stars are typically flung toward a ravenous black hole after interacting gravitationally with another star or massive object, only to become stretched and devoured should they come too close to the black hole’s maw in a process called spaghettification.
Gravitational tidal forces, similar to the ones that cause the moon to raise tides on Earth, are responsible for most of the destruction. At first, the star’s outer atmospheric layers will get pulled toward the black hole, spinning around its edge like water going down a drain and forming what’s known as an accretion disk, as the video depicts.
Surprisingly, the black hole only consumes about 1% of a star’s mass, according to NASA. The majority will actually get catapulted back out into space in the form of enormous jets of energy and matter that shoot from the black hole’s central region.
These jets can sometimes light up the cosmos, allowing astronomers on Earth to catch glimpses of distant black holes, which are otherwise mostly invisible. Tiny, ghostly particles called neutrinos will also be flung from the black hole, occasionally giving researchers insights into processes occurring during the consumption event.
Some of the star’s material does fall past the event horizon, the point after which nothing, including light, can escape. The visualization shows some of the strange optical effects that the event horizon produces, such as bending light so much that regions at the back of the accretion disk can be seen from its front.
Witnessing how swiftly the black hole dismembers and dispatches the star is an excellent reminder that no one should want to get anywhere near such a powerful object any time soon.
Are you aware of the phrase “change starts with you”? Here are some ways which can help you better your day to day activities and broaden your horizon. Don’t wait any further and let that positive change start from you.
1) CONCENTRATION. • To do: ~ Meditate. ~ try playing games which requires a lot of concentration e.g. chess, puzzles and memory games. ~ get enough sleep ~ Exercise. ~ listen to music • To avoid: ~ Loud background noise ~ avoid being around anything that can distract you ~ try not to multitask ~ avoid heavy foods ~ avoid zoning out
2) THINKING ANALYSIS. • To do: ~ observe ~ think practically ~ ask questions ~ reasoning plays an important part in analytical thinking. ~ make sure to consider every aspect of the topic. • To avoid: ~ don’t let emotions play a role. ~ don’t let personal conflicts cloud your judgement ~ don’t overthink it ~ don’t rush to make a decision ~ don’t stick to a single method
3) REASONING POWER: • To do: ~ keep an open mind ~ to consider all options ~ learn more about the topic ~ frequent questioning ~ make notes • To avoid: ~ try not to avoid others Point of view ~ don’t be quiet ~ don’t just focus on one topic but cover every topic possible ~ don’t neglect options ~ avoid being idle
4) MENTAL MATURITY. • To do: ~ learn from experiences ~ be positive ~ accept criticism ~ be responsible ~ learn from the past • To avoid: ~ blaming others for ones own failure. ~ don’t avoid something just because it’s difficult ~ avoid childish behavioural patterns ~ Don’t always expect positive results ~ don’t try to complete every task in a single day
5) ADJUSTMENT THINKING. • To do: ~ empathize ~ an open mind is the key ~ consider others opinions ~ choose the best option ~ take your time • To avoid: ~ Don’t be obsessed with just one solution ~ don’t be too headstrong ~ don’t be overconfident ~ avoid being too stressed about a situation ~ don’t be too anxious about change
6) INSIGHT • To do: ~ ask questions like ‘why’ and ‘how’ ~ take notes ~ think rationally ~ pay attention to details ~ take your time to analyze a topic. • To avoid: ~ avoid being satisfied with the first solution ~ avoid drifting from the topic ~ Don’t be in a hurry to form a conclusion or form an analysis ~ try to avoid being a know-it-all ~ avoid being ignorant
7) MENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES. • To do: ~ imagination ~ be creative ~ expand your horizons ~ get enough sleep ~ do something outside your comfort zone • To avoid: ~ Don’t try to pressurize yourself. ~ don’t try to block out your thoughts ~ try not to be too invested in just one thing ~ avoid procrastination ~ avoid a negative mentality
8) ORIGINAL THINKING. • To do: ~ find inspiration ~ read articles ~ research ~ be insightful ~ try to focus on quality rather than quality • To avoid: ~ plagiarism ~ don’t be predicable ~ Don’t be dependent ~ don’t rely on others ~ don’t always think from your perspective
9) THOUGHT EXCHANGE. • To do: ~ be open to opinions ~ try to listen ~ give and receive feedback ~ learn more about the topic ~ try to work with like minded people • To avoid: ~ don’t be ignorant ~ don’t dismiss trust ~ don’t be unwilling to involve the other person ~ avoid thought stopping ~ Don’t always think from your thinking style
10) THE UNCONSCIOUS. • To do: ~ try to remember your dreams ~ try to make sense of your dreams ~ try to understand what they’re trying to convey ~ be organised ~ be realistic • To avoid: ~ avoid unpleasant thoughts ~ day dreaming ~ avoid not being a keen listener ~ avoid not being attentive ~ have compulsive behaviour
11) CLEAR THINKING. • To do: ~ Go take a look at nature. ~ breathing exercise ~ get good sleep ~ listen to music ~ one thing at a time • To avoid: ~ avoid noisy environment ~ try not to have a lot on your mind ~ avoid overlapping thoughts ~ avoid staying up for too long ~ don’t be too invested in a single problem
12) EMOTIONAL MATURITY. • To do: ~ accept criticism ~ positive thoughts ~ always aim to reach a goal ~ take a pause and reflect ~ make wise decisions • To avoid: ~ avoid not being straightforward ~ Don’t avoid difficult situations ~ try not to be too selfish ~ avoid thinking others have it easy ~ avoid negativity
13) LEARNING ABILITIES. • To do: ~ read books ~ visit places ~ try to imagine yourself in a different situation ~ research ~ experience something new • To avoid: ~ don’t try to stop learning just because you’re not immediately good at it ~ don’t move forward without a plan ~ don’t always stick to one kind of thought process ~ avoid doing all the tasks at once ~ Don’t always expect something in return
14) MIND ANIMATION. • To do: ~ be original ~ create new things ~ have a clear mind ~ work towards a goal ~ find inspiration • To avoid: ~ having a closed mind ~ being unprepared ~ stuck with one perspective ~ minimum understanding of the subject ~ being content with minimal information
Anger is an emotion which is a little more dangerous than the rest of them. Anger can be triggered due to financial problems, family problems, being surrounded by people you dislike, personal issues, etc. No one likes being angry nor do we like being surrounded by people who have a bad temper.
Everyone releases anger differently. Some like to shout at people, some like to break things, some tend to self-harm. Well, these methods do help release the anger, but they aren’t healthy ways of dealing with a situation. Let’s have a look at how anger affects our relationships. Some people take their anger out on the family. Sometimes when parents do not have control over things at their work, they come home and try to control the lives of their families. Many parents often fight regularly at home and make the environment of the house hard to live in. Did you know that children who grow up in an abusive environment are usually too sensitive or completely numb? These children also show a sign of aggression or anger. They also suffer from anxiety and depression. Some people also tend to substance abuse when they are angry. Using drugs, alcohol, tobacco, in large quantities. Some of these substances also cause more anger. Substance abuse is bad for a person’s mental, or physical health. It is also bad for the people around them. Anger makes us do things we regret. It messes our relationships with people around us because we say things that we don’t mean to and do things we don’t want to. I am not asking you to never take your anger out. Anger is an emotion that needs to be taken out. Taking anger out does not have to be destructive. We need to find constructive or healthy ways to take out our anger. We are angry for a reason. So, the first step to calm the anger is to ask ourselves why we are angry. Once we find out why we are angry we can start working on it. Anger is our brain’s way of telling us to find a solution to an issue. So, if it is a person that makes you angry, you might want to break ties with them. If you feel angry with a job, maybe it is time to quit the job.
If we don’t listen to what our anger wants. Chances are the anger will keep sticking around until we make significant changes in our life. So, next time before you lash your anger out make sure to ask yourself what got you angry. Some other healthy ways of dealing with anger are by doing physical activity like playing sports or working out. This will allow you to be constructive with it. In my boarding days when I would get angry, I would play squash. I would imagine the ball as my problem and hit the racket with full force. To tell you the truth it did help and make me feel good.
This way our anger is coming out in constructive ways. We need to learn to channel our anger to improve our lives instead of destroying it.
The first step towards building the integrity is to keep the promises that a person has made. If a person is not sure that he will be able to meet his promise, then he/she should not affirm to it.
For Example, If a person has promised to attend an organisational event, then he/she should definitely attend that event without any fail. This will depict that he/she is a person of words, who keep all his promises which will help in achieving a high respect in the organisation.
Step 2:– Keep your Appointments
The second step towards the evolution is to be on time in all meetings as it describes punctuality and responsiveness of a person.
For Example, If a person has a meeting scheduled at 6 PM, then he should be present there by 5:50 so that there is no delay in meeting due to that person. Reaching a meeting after the scheduled time of commencing, act as a barrier in the process of building high integrity and results in bad image with other members present in that meeting.
Step 3:– Get Comfortable With Saying “No”
The next step towards building integrity is that a person should have guts to say that he will not be able to do a work. If he will keep on saying ‘yes’ to all the work, then he will face a pressure of doing all the tasks and will not be able to perform any of that task properly.
For Example, if a person knows that a task already given to him will consume a day and need to be submitted the next day , in this situation if he is asked to do some work of his team member also, then he should not agree to do it, telling that he already has some work pilled up .
Step 4:– Examine Your Reaction In Tough Situations
This step depicts that a person should record that how he reacts in different situations and should analyse the reason for that reaction. This will help him to analyse that how he can deal with the matter in a better manner.
For Example, If a person feel panic with deadline coming closer, he should take a note of it and should work in finding a solution of solving this problem. He should analyse that how he could have handled the situation in a better manner.
Step 5:– Your Attitude towards Money
This step deals with analyzing that what is the worth of money in the actions of a person.
For Example if a person is doing a work for sole purpose of earn money, then the person is said to be of low integrity but if he values his goals more than money, then he is said to be a person of high integrity.
Step 6:– Define Your Values And Vision
This step depicts that a person need to have a clarity about individual goals and values and should analysing that how a company and that person can play a crucial role in achieving the goals and vision of each other. This will bring a confidence in the person that the organisation will bring him close to his goals which will motivate him to perform better.
For Example, if a person is not clear with his goals, he will doubt his decision and will not be able to perform well. He will have a low will to perform and will not be able to perform with his full callable which is a barrier in effectively and efficiently achieving the goals of that organisation.
Step 7:– Stay Committed
The last step towards building a high integrity is that the person need to have faith in himself and his decisions. He should not get demotivated from the challenges and should keep on giving his best and he will surely be able to achieve his goals.
For Example, An employee can’t fulfill all his goals on the first day of his job. There is a requirement of firm determination and devotion of that employee towards work which makes it possible that he the vision with which he has joined that organisation.
After it’s first launch , thousands of programmers and users got attracted towards LINUX . Today we can say that Linux is the first choice of millions of people all over the globe . It is different from other operating systems as it comes with a host of positive developments . This is because of what LINUX offers to users and programmers , such as scalability , security , consistency , user friendliness , freedom and non pirated enterprise software . Many of the advantages of Linux are an aftermath of its origins , deeply rooted in UNIX .
Linux is Free : Linux is a freely distributable operating system . The first thought that comes to mind is what does free means . When we say Linux is free that does not mean it is always free of cost . Here , free implies the freedom to work . You can download the Linux for free from Internet , without registration and without going into per user per year kind of licensing . You are free to use , free to customize , free to modify , free to distribute and also free to brand your modified variant . Modification is possible because its source code is freely available . This makes the Linux free . It has already been explained that no licensing is required for Linux . Again , this does not mean that there is no license . Like any other software Linux also has a license . Linux comes with GNU Public License (GPL) . The license states that anybody who may want to use and apply Linux can do so . Anybody has the right to change Linux and eventually redistribute a changed version , on the condition that he makes available the code after redistribution . In other words we can say that you are always free to grab a kernel image , for any of your functionality as long as your client can still have a copy of that code .
Linux is Hardware Independent : Linux is compatible with nearly all available hardware . As mentioned in the previous section , its source code is freely downloadable and that also comes with the GPL license , you are free to follow the documentation available and customize so as to work with your unsupported hardware . This makes the Linux hardware independent .
Linux is Secure : Linux has proven , beyond doubt , the sound security level it offers . This security aspect is the key feature of Linux and its security model is entirely based on UNIX , which we all know is very robust and of proven quality . In Linux , security is not only restricted to the security from internet threats but it is also very much secure from other system related breaches or malpractices . Linux offers security at all levels , such as User level , Application level , System level , Device level , Inner threats , External threats .
Linux is Scalable : When Linux was in the gestation process , its creators wanted to make an operating system that was extensively suitable for any application , any hardware , and any process . They wanted it to work with computers with high power and capacities like of super computers , mainframes , and with computer for personal use like PCs , laptops and even with computers of limited resources like Palmtop , PDAs , etc., so that Linux fits everywhere .
On July 11, Virgin Galactic will make a giant leap toward commercial suborbital spaceflight. The company will launch its first fully crewed flight of its SpaceShipTwo space plane Unity with a special passenger on board: the company’s billionaire founder Richard Branson.
Branson, three crewmates and two pilots will launch on the historic flight after being carried into launch position by Virgin Galactic’s carrier plane VMS Eve. They will take off from the company’s homeport of Spaceport America in New Mexico, with a live webcast chronicling the flight. Here’s everything you need to know about the mission, which Virgin Galactic has dubbed Unity 22.
WHAT TIME IS VIRGIN’S GALACTIC LAUNCH & AND CAN I WATCH?
Virgin Galactic has not released a specific time for the actual Unity 22 launch, but the company has announced it will begin webcasting the mission at 9 a.m. EDT (1300 GMT). And it looks like it’s going to be fun. The crew will walk out to the ship about an hour earlier.
Stephen Colbert, host of The Late Show on CBS, will host the webcast along with singer Khalid (who will debut a new single during the launch), former Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris Hadfield and future Virgin Galactic astronaut Kellie Gerardi, who will launch on a research flight in 2022.
The webcast will begin with the Unity spacecraft and its carrier plane taking off from its runway at Spaceport America, which is located 55 miles (88 kilometers) north of Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Branson has stated that the entire flight will take about 90 minutes, including the ascent up to launch position, release, flight to space and glide back to Earth for a runway landing at Spaceport America.
Virgin Galactic will launch six people on the Unity 22 flight, although the spacecraft is designed to carry up to eight people (two pilots and six passengers).
Unity 22’s crew includes four mission specialists:
Sirisha Bandla, Vice President of Government Affairs and Research Operations at Virgin Galactic. She will evaluate the human-tended research experience via an experiment from the University of Florida that requires several handheld fixation tubes to be activated at various points in the flight profile.
Colin Bennett, Lead Operations Engineer at Virgin Galactic. He will evaluate cabin equipment, procedures and the experience during the boost phase and weightless environment inside Unity.
Sir Richard Branson, founder of Virgin Galactic. Branson will evaluate the private astronaut experience. He will receive the same training, preparation and flight as Virgin Galactic’s future ticket-buying astronauts and use the flight to fine ways to enhance the experience for customers.
Beth Moses, Chief Astronaut Instructor at Virgin Galactic. She will serve as cabin lead and test director in space. Her tasks include overseeing the safe execution of the test flight objectives. Moses has launched on Unity before.
Two veteran Virgin Galactic pilots will be at the helm of Unity during the launch. They have both launched to space on Unity before and are:
Dave Mackay: Mackay is Virgin Galactic’s chief pilot and grew up in the highlands of Scotland. He is a former Royal Air Force pilot and flew for Branson’s airline company Virgin Atlantic before joining Virgin Galactic.
Michael Masucci: Michael “Sooch” Masucci is a retired U.S. Air Force colonel who joined Virgin Galactic in 2013 who racked up over 9,000 flying hours in 70 different types of airplanes and gliders during more than 30 years of civilian and military flight.
Two other pilots will fly the VMS EVE carrier plane that will carry SpaceShipTwo into launch altitude. They are:
Frederick “CJ” Sturckow: A former NASA space shuttle commander who joined Virgin Galactic in 2013 with Masucci. A retired Marine Corps colonel, he was the first NASA astronaut to join the company and flew four space shuttle missions.
Kelly Latimer: Latimer is a test pilot and retired lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Air Force who joined Virgin Galactic’s pilot corps in 2015. She was the first female research test pilot to join what is now NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Centre.
The primary objective for Unity 22 is to serve as a test flight for future passenger flights by Virgin Galactic. As its number suggests, this will be the 22nd flight of Unity, but only its fourth launch to space.
The four mission specialists will each evaluate different experiences that Virgin Galactic has promised its future customers, many of whom have already reserved trips to space with the company at $250,000 a seat.
Bandla, for example, will test the experience of performing experiments aboard Unity during different phases of the flight, including the weightless period. Branson will take note of the flight as a paying passenger to look for ways to enhance the trip for ticket holders looking for the experience of a lifetime.
Moses is Virgin Galactic’s Chief Astronaut Trainer and will ensure everyone is safe in their tests while Bennet will examine Unity’s cabin performance to look for potential enhancements.
This mission is a critical flight or Virgin Galactic, which Branson founded in 2004. VSS Unity is the company’s second SpaceShipTwo after the first, VSS Enterprise, broke apart during a 2014 test flight, killing one pilot and seriously injuring another. Virgin Galactic has made numerous safety upgrades to prevent such an accident from happening again.
The mission will begin with takeoff from Spaceport America, where Virgin Galactic has built its “Gateway to Space” terminal to serve its future customers. The crews of Unity and Eve will walk out to their vehicles at about 8 a.m. EDT (6 a.m. local time, 1200 GMT). They’ll be wearing custom Under Armour flight suits made for Virgin Galactic.
After takeoff, the carrier plane VMS EVE will haul the SpaceShipTwo VSS Unity (short for Virgin Space Ship) to an altitude of about 50,000 feet (15,000 meters), when it will drop the the spacecraft.
Virgin Galactic’s first test passenger Beth Moses looks out the window of the VSS Unity during a test flight with pilots Dave Mackay and Michael “Sooch” Masucci, on Feb. 22, 2018. (Image credit: Virgin Galactic)
After separation, Unity will ignite its hybrid rocket motor, which uses a mixture of solid and liquid propellant, to begin the boost phase. This will carry Unity to its target altitude above 50 miles (80 kilometers), where the pilots and crew can expect up to 4 minutes of weightlessness. They will exist their seats and enjoy sweeping views of the Earth below through the many round windows that dot the space plane’s fuselage.
After that short encounter with weightlessness, the crew will climb back into their seats as Unity prepares to return to Earth. Pilots Mackay and Masucci will have “feathered” the spacectraft’s twin tail booms to provide stability during atmospheric reentry.
The feathered tail will then be locked back into place for the glide back to Earth, which will end with a runway landing at Spaceport America. The entire flight, from takeoff to landing, should last about 90 minutes, Branson has said.
WILL VIRGIN GALACTIC REALLY REACH SPACE WITH UNITY 22?
Virgin Galactic’s VSS Unity spaceliner captured this view of Earth during the vehicle’s first trip to space, on Dec. 13, 2018. (Image credit: Virgin Galactic)
Virgin Galactic will launch Unity to an altitude above 50 miles (80 km), which NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration and the U.S. military classify as space. They will earn astronaut wings for reaching that height.
Another widely recognized boundary of space, the Kármán line, is at an altitude at 62 miles (100 km) above Earth. The SpaceShipTwo VSS Unity won’t reach this milestone, which has led Virgin Galactic’s competitor Blue Origin (which does fly higher than 62 miles) to call out Virgin Galactic for missing that mark.
WHERE DOES VIRGIN GALACTIC LAUNCH SPACESHIPTWO FROM?
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Virgin Galactic initially launched SpaceShipTwo test flights from the company’s facilities at Mojave Air and Space Port in California. However, in 2020 the company moved Unity and its carrier craft to its permanent home at Spaceport America, where it plans to fly regular passenger flights beginning in 2022.
Spaceport America is located near Las Cruces, New Mexico and is home to Virgin Galactic’s “Gateway to Space” terminal, a welcome center and waiting room for ticketed passengers preparing for trips to space. It also sports a large hangar designed to fit multiple SpaceShipTwo spaceplanes and the VMS Eve. Virgin Galactic has also built a new vehicle, the SpaceShip III VSS Imagine.
WHEN COULD I LAUNCH TO SPACE WITH VIRGIN GALACTIC?
If you booked a trip with Virgin Galactic early and have one of the first reservations, you may get your chance to fly in space as early as 2022. If not, there’s a long wait ahead. And that’s assuming you can afford the $250,000 ticket price.
Virgin Galactic has said it plans to begin passenger launches in 2022 after a series of final test flights in 2021. The company does have hundreds of reservations for customer flights in backlog from eager would-be astronauts that have been waiting for over 17 years (since Richard Branson first announced Virgin Galactic in 2004) for the SpaceShipTwo to finally fly. The company paused taking new reservations after the 2014 accident.
Virgin Galactic is expected to resume taking reservations for “a limited number of tickets for future spaceflights” sometime this year, according to its website.
Another night, another 3 a.m, another binge watch? You promised yourself to sleep on time tonight, didn’t you? It has become an addiction, isn’t it? Speaking on behalf of the masses, laying in bed at 2:30 a.m, in a cozy blanket and a bowl of popcorn by the corner is our most favorite thing to do! We will to survive another day feeling worn out, we will even curse ourselves for the never altering schedule we have! However, we will be the same owls at night who have their eyes glued to their television screen, just to find out what next happens in the mystery at hand.
We are the generation that has seen everything. Right from Nokia 650 to Iphone 12 pro, from going to the restaurants to having delivered through Swiggy and Zomato, from the time when 1.5 GB data was enough for a whole month to the time when same 1.5 GB data is less for 24 hours, from Congress to BJP, from living life to surviving life, from street cricket to PUBG, we have come a long way, haven’t we?
Waking up early to hang out with friends is not a thing anymore. Specific time for cartoons is a long gone history. Catching up on weekends is a thing of past now. We as a generation are competent, we have a clarity in our thoughts and power in our speech which probably our ancestors didn’t have. We stand up for what we think is right, we protest, we support, we have a specific drive for life. We are not among them who work within the limits, we are the ones who break the stereotype, invent something new, no matter how many questions are thrown upon us.
We believe in thinking outside the box. End game for us is not studying medical or engineering, it is about doing what we love, and we do not care how many of our society look down upon us. Our target is not a 9 to 5 job, we think bigger, we aim for everything that is considered impossible.
Yes we are the Netflix generation, yes we are not bound in the mornings and nights of twenty four hours, yes we like to do things our own way. Yes our dream one day is to prove to our elders that we can mould our lives the way we want it to be.
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