The best gift God has given to all living beings on earth is a family. Getting a happy family is a blessing because not everyone in the world has it. The pleasure of living with your parents, fighting over petty with your siblings can just make you smile the moment you think about it.
My family has always supported me without any claim, from the moral teachings to love and support. For me, my family is like a strong pillar on which I can rely blindly whenever I need support. My family is always there to inspire and support me to overcome all life challenges and accomplish things. A relation is a unique kind of love that gives you all the lessons you need to live a healthy lifestyle.
My family is one of the world’s craziest families. We ‘re four members, my mother, my father, my younger brother, and me. While my dad is the one who works for a living, my mom is the boss of the house. My dad is a humble person. He doesn’t scold us. But, just the opposite, our mother. She needs us to remain vigilant, and she quite often scolds us.
I have a wonderful family, and I love every member of my family.
My family is made up of four members- father, mother, brother, and myself.
My dad is an engineer, and my mother, by profession, is a school teacher.
Every member of my family loves, respects, and cares for one another.
My family goes there once every two weeks for a picnic.
After dinner each night, we all like to spend time with each other.
My family has taught me strong lessons about our love, solidarity, and cooperation.
Why family is important?
Families are wealth, which not everyone is lucky enough to have. Sometimes, those who have don’t value this gift. Families are important because they assist in our development. They grow us all into a full-fledged human with individual identity. They always offer us a sense of comfort and a safe place to flourish within. We learn to socialize and develop our intellect through our families. Studies demonstrate that people who live with their families tend to be happier than those who live alone. In times of trouble, they serve as your pillar.
When the entire world questions you, families are the only ones who believe in you. Similarly, they ‘re the first to cheer you up when you’re down and out. Having a supportive family by your side is a great blessing. In ups and downs, my family has always been at my side. They taught me how to be a better human being. I will be grateful to my family forever for what they did to me. Without them, I can’t imagine my life. They are my first instructors and friends.
The atmosphere in my family
We have a peaceful environment at home. After school, we spent our time studying, playing and watching TV, which our mother certainly doesn’t like. Like other partners, my mum and father rarely fight. In reality, as soon as we see an argument coming up, one of them just withdraws, and a heated debate between them is just rare to see. That’s what I like most about them because I feel my parents are so sweet. It is just my brother and me who enjoy competing with each other.
However, we know that it is truly our love for one another that holds us together behind those battles. I just enjoy spending time at home with my parents and my brother. I feel like how bad it will be when we go on with our professional lives tomorrow, and we won’t be able to spend a lot of time together.
My family values
My family values are what I care so much about because they have made me what I am today, and I intend to pass on these great values in the future to my children. Every family has those things, acts, and values that they hold in high regard and so much appreciation
My Family Values include –
Loyalty
This is a strongly secured concept within my family. Since my childhood, my family has made me learn how to be honest and the benefits that lie inside
Kindness
My mom believes that if the world and everyone in it shows love and kindness to each other, there will be no hatred, and wars will be wiped out.
Education
This is a concept passed down in my family from generation to generation. My dad would say the best legacy you can give a child is education.
Appearance
I don’t want to be wrongly addressed and give the wrong impression. So, the way we dress and our appearance matters a lot to us.
Why do I love my family?
My father is the world’s best father. I am looking a lot at my father because I want to take a lot of his habits and make them mine. He taught me to be satisfied with everything that I have. My mum is the world’s greatest chef. Without my mum, I don’t know where I will be today. I owe her quite a deal.
My brother is one of the greatest presents that I’ve received. He is the last kid, so if you know what I mean, this gives him the potential to be irritating.
Conclusion
Each family has one thing or the other, which they hold in high regard and continue to pass from one generation to another. That is what makes a family a single group not because blood binds us but because we share the same beliefs. We always have one reason to love our family. I love my family because it’s the best gift I’ve ever been able to ask for and the fact they’ve been there for me through the good, bad, and fun times. They are a complete word for me. They are always to support me during my tough times.
3 habits that can change your life.
In today’s world, people don’t even have time to capitalize on themselves because of there hectic schedule and sometimes because of careless behaviour. There are few habits that if you follow with disciplines. Then you actually can change the world.
1) Physical fitness- in studies it is proven that a person who does physical activity is likely to have a better IQ or intelligence than a person who doesn’t do any physical activity and the reason behind it is when we any type of aerobic or cardio exercise our blood flow increases which leads to a lot of benefits like. Strengthens your vision, prevent you from various syndrome including cardiovascular diseases, provide glow on the face, upgrades quality of life.
2. Reading – reading is as important habit as doing physical activity. the first habit talks about training your body and this habit talk about training your mind. This habit is very important as far as our mental fitness or health is concerned. My suggestion is to read every day anything of your choice for eg. Right after doing physical activity in the morning start reading if you are reading a book give yourself a target of reading 10 to 15 pages every day or start your day by reading the newspaper it will not only increases your knowledge but also improve your communication skills and if you pursue this habit regularly it will help you a lot to grow. ‘A person who reads is the person who leads’
3. Writing- It is one of the most important habits towards your growth. Start writing everyday anything of your choice this will improve your non-verbal skills as wells as enhance your knowledge and also plays a vital role in your communication skills. I’m pressing a lot of pressure on communication skills because in today’s world if you want to accel in your life. communication is very important. Remember the power of expression is a core quality of a leader.
DUTY OF GOOD STUDENTS
DUTY OF GOOD STUDENTS
The first duty of an good student is to study. His main interest is his studies. He is genuinely interested in his books. He doesn’t have to force himself to read. He does not require any external pressure. His parents need not goad him to study. His teachers are confident of his earnestness. He devotes most of his time to his work. He takes pleasure in his work. He does not allow any other activity to disturb or distract him.
An good student is therefore well versed in his courses of study. He is hardworking and intelligent. He is conscientious. The result is that he is regular in his work. He does not allow his work to pile up. He is attentive in the classroom. He takes notes and improves upon them at home. If there is any difficulty he consults the teacher without any hesitation. Of course he does not cram. Nor does he study only from the examination point of view. He, therefore, does not fear the examination. An examination offers him an opportunity to show and test his ability. Generally, he avails himself of this opportunity.
But he is not a book-worm. He is keen but not blind. He goes frequently beyond the prescribed text-books. Being intelligent, he is able to select his reading wisely. He does not read more than he can digest. Moreover, he does not read for show. He has well defined tastes and he develops them with patience and care. He knows his own limitations. He does not waste his time in struggling with books that are beyond his grasp. This does not mean that he remains content with his achievements. On the contrary, he makes earnest efforts to improve his mind and is systematic in his reading.
Naturally, he cannot do without the teacher’s guidance. He has faith in the superior knowledge of his teachers. He goes to them and discusses his difficulties. He then goes to the library and picks up books suggested by the teacher, Advanced students.plan their reading. There are books without number. Planning is therefore necessary. An good student does not waste his time and energy on trash. He goes to the classics, the great books; first.
Apart from studies, an good student is interested in many other things. Books are necessary but they are not everything. Constant and unbroken reading makes a person dull. If also affects one’s health. So the good student is interested in games and sports. He may not be an excellent .player of any game but he has enthusiasm for playing. If he cannot play he at least participates as a spectator, Besides games there are other general activities at a college. An good student participates in as many of these activities as possible. He picks and chooses according to his taste. If he has taste for literature he joins the literary union. Is he is interested in debating, he joins the debating society. He may be good actor. In this case he takes a prominent part in the dramatic society. In short, he contributes as much as he can to the life of the institution where he studies.
An good student’s attitude to discipline is worth mentioning. Many students look upon discipline as a check on their freedom. An good student regards discipline with respect and understanding. With him discipline is not an external force. He disciplines himself. He does not go against the rules of the college. If he finds the rules unreasonable, he goes to the principal and expresses his opinion. He is not afraid of the authorities because he is not against them. He does not agitate or join strikes on tribal issues. In fact he discourages such interdisciplinary activities. He co-operates with the authorities for running the institution along efficient lines.
What is his attitude to politics? This is a controversial matter. Some persons regard politics as harmful to students. They suggest that students should keep aloof from politics. There are others who think that students most actively take part in politics. Both the positions are wrong. How can a grown-up student be blind to politics? He is an intelligent person. He reads newspapers, listens to the radio, reads books, keeps his eyes and ears open. Can be remain ignorant of the political currents in his country? The answer is an emphatic no. Now if he cannot remain ignorant he cannot help taking some interest in politics. The problem is what should be the extent of his interest.
An good student solves this problem in a very intelligent manner. He takes interest in politics. He tries his best to understand what is happening in the country and in the world. But he keeps his mind open. He does not jump to conclusions. He may discuss political issues with his friends or on the college platform, but he does not allow his mind to become prejudiced. He does not, therefore, attach himself to any political party. He remains free. Normally speaking, he does not take part in demonstrations and strikes. He is wise enough to know that such things are often engineered by interested political parties. It is only in times of national crisis that he may give up his studies and join a political organization. Many students, for instance, took an active part in the struggle for independence. Many of them Here good students. They sacrified their studies temporarily for the noble cause.
An good students generally on affectionate terms with his parents and other members of the family. He loves them and is loved in return. He is not impudent. He knows the financial condition of his parents and does his best to economize in everything. He is never a burden on them. Some hardworking students work and earn even as they study. In our country this practice is not so common. In foreign countries most of the students work during the vacation to supplement their allowance. Unfortunately here people look down upon a student who does tuition or any other work. This should not be so. An good student, in any case, does not mind working if necessary.
As suggested above, an good student is well-informed. His interests are not narrow. There is no harm if he takes interest in films, · Only he should not become a filmaddict. He should try to know everything. He should know what is where. It is unfortunate that many of our students lack general knowledge. This is because they do not read newspapers. They think it is a waste of time. They have no hobbies except idle talk. Chitchat is delightful but you cannot talk intelligently without being well-informed. An good student does not waste his time in useless gossip.
Of course, an good student is well-behaved, He is graceful in everything that he does. He tries to be sweet to others. He is not selfish. As far as possible he helps weaker boys in studies. Wherever he may be he gives a good account of himself. In his personal appearance he is neat and clean and simple. He does not misbehave in the bus or on the roadside. In fact the question of misbehaviour does not arise. He may commit mistakes as anyone may. But he is not ashamed of admitting his mistakes. He tries to remove them as best as he can.
An intelligent interest in studies, wide but systematic reading, interest in extra-curricular activities, general knowledge, simplicity and grace these are some of the most important qualities of an good student.
Indian cricket team.
The Indian men’s national cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One-Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status.
Cricket was introduced to India by British sailors in the 18th century, and the first cricket club was established in 1792. India’s national cricket team did not play its first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord’s, becoming the sixth team to be granted test cricket status. From 1932 India had to wait until 1952, almost 20 years for its first Test victory. In its first fifty years of international cricket, India was one of the weaker teams, winning only 35 of the first 196 Test matches it played. The team, however, gained strength in the 1970s with the emergence of players such as batsmen Gavaskar, Viswanath, Kapil Dev, and the Indian spin quartet.
Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad, the Indian team has improved its overseas form, especially in limited-overs cricket, since the start of the 21st century, winning Test matches in Australia, England and South Africa. It is second cricket team to win World Cup after West Indies. It has won the Cricket World Cup twice – in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and in 2011 under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni. After winning the 2011 World Cup, India became only the third team after West Indies and Australia to have won the World Cup more than once, and the first cricket team to win the World Cup at home. It also won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, under the captaincy of MS Dhoni. It was also the joint champions of 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, along with Sri Lanka. The team has also won the Asian Cup seven times, making them one of the most successful cricket team in both Asia and the world. They are also one of the only four teams to win all major ICC tournaments. India have also won the ICC Test Championship, ICC ODI Championship, ICC T20I Championship and the World Championship of Cricket in 1985.
The Indian cricket team has rivalries with other Test-playing nations, most notably with Pakistan, the political arch-rival of India. However, in recent times, rivalries with nations like Australia, South Africa and England have also gained prominence.
As we do have our favourite cricketer, we all have different tastes but mine is MS Dhoni (Mahendra Singh Dhoni) he’s the beat no one can’t beat him but as we see our current Indian team so these are the players:
1. Virat Kohli.
2. Rishabh pant.
3. Kl Rahul.
4. Subhman gill.
5. Rohit Sharma.
6. Ravichandran Ashwin.
7. Jasprit B.
8. Yuzvindra chahal.
9. Umesh Yadav.
10. Ravendra Jadeja.
11. Kedar Jadhav.
And so on there’s alot of players in our Indian cricket team. And our Indian cricket team is doing so well. And is considered as one of the best teams.
IMPACT OF HUMAN POPULATION ON ENVIRONMENT
WHAT IS POPULATION
The number of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic area at the same time, with the capability of interbreeding is called population.
HUMAN POPULATION:
Human population refers to a collection of humans living in a particular geographic area. The social science that entails the statistical study of human populations is called Demography. Thus, human population is the number of people in a city or town, region, country or world; population is usually determined by a process called census (a process of collecting, analyzing, compiling and publishing data).
HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH The increase in the number of individuals in a population is population growth. Annual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million or
1.1% per year. In 1800 the global population was 1 billion which has rises to 7.9 billion in 2020. The UN projected population to keep growing, and estimated that by the middle of 2030, 2050 and 2100 the total population will rise to 8.6 billion ,9.8 billion and 11.2 billion respectively. But some academics outside the UN have developed human population models that shows the additional downward pressures on population growth. They also suggested that if this happens then the population would peak before 2100.
POPULATION EXPLOSION AND ITS CAUSE:
The sudden increase in population growth in an unmannered way is called population explosion.
Causes of population explosion:
The causes of population explosion are as follows:-
High Birth Rate
The major cause responsible for the rapid growth of population is high birth rate. In India, the birth rate was found to be 45.8 per thousand during 1891-1900 and 25.8 per thousand in 2001, but still it is considered to be substantially high. This shows in spite of the increase in the widespread propaganda of family planning, family welfare programmes and population education campaigns, instead of a decrease in the birth rate it is increasing.
2. Low Death Rate
The death rate in recent years has phenomenally fallen which is another important factor that leads to the rapid increase in population. The death rate in India was about 8.5 per thousand in 2001. But because of the advancement in medical science, dreadful and chronic diseases such as smallpox, cholera, plague, typhoid are no longer dreaded. Better facilities for sanitation and cleanliness, provision of pre-natal and post-natal care has also reduced infant mortality rate.
3. Early Marriage
The practice of early marriage is another important reason for the rapid increase in population in India. The marriage of girls at an early age results in a longer span for reproductive activity and thus leads to an increase in the number of children.
4. Social and Religious reasons
In India,marriage is a compulsory institution as per social norms.so people have to marry.Therefore, people do not hesitate to increase the size of the family as in a joint family everyone takes equal responsibility . Apart from this most people think that it is necessary to give birth to at least one male child so in expectatin of getting a male child, they go on increasing the family size.
5. Poverty
Poverty is another cause of population growth. Children are source for income of the family. So instead of going to school they go to work and thus prove to be an asset for the family. This makes the parents believe that every child born will become an earning member of the family.
6. Standard of living
People whose standard of living is low tend to have more children because an additional child is considered as an asset rather than a liability. Since majority is uneducated and think that every child born will become the earning member of the family they keep on increasing the family size.
7. Illiteracy
Most of the people in India are either illiterate or has the minimum education. This leads them to accept low paying work but fails to support the family resulting poverty. Due to the prevalence of higher rate of illiteracy, there is widespread ignorance in the form of social customs and beliefs like early marriage and preference for a male child. As a result, there is high rate of population growth in the country.
IMPACTS OF POPULATION GROWTH ON ENVIRONMENT: Population growth leads to overconsumption that causes environmental concerns, such as biodiversity loss and climate change, due to resource-intensive human development that exceed planetary boundaries.The impacts of overpopulation and the environment are often interrelated and complex.
Farming impacts
If the population increases the need for food also increases. To meet the need of food intensive farming is done.This includes harmful mechanisation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides that degrades the soil quality causing soil erosion. This also leads to eutrophication that depletes water from oxygen having negative effects. To create new farmland deforestation is done resulting in a negative outcome.
Agriculture is responsible for about 80 percent of deforestation.
Deforestation
Deforestation leads to a reduced ability to capture CO2, resulting in the increase of greenhouse gas problems. Deforestation is also strongly associated with loss of habitat and extinctions.
Human population increase is related to all of these deforestation pressures. The more people we need, the more food, more wood products, and more firewood.
Eutrophication
The main cause of eutrophication is agricultural runoff caused by the presence of excessive nutrients in bodies of water.
Eutrophication causes the dense growth of plant life that consumes oxygen, resulting in the death of aquatic animals. Other major sources of eutrophication are industry and sewage disposal–both related to population growth.
Loss of Freshwater
Although there are plenty of water resources,only 2.5 percent of water resources are fresh water, and only a small fraction of it is available as unpolluted for drinking purposes. This is because with the increase of Human population, human waste also increases which pollutes the water making it unsuitable for drinking. Also with the increase in population the need for drinking water increases thus water scarcity also increases.
Global Warming
Human population growth and climate change have grown hand in hand as the use of fossil fuels has exploded to support industrialized societies. More the number of people, the more is the demand for oil, coal, gas, and other energy sources extracted from below the Earth’s surface that spew carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere when burned, trapping warm air inside like a greenhouse. Most fossil fuel consumption comes from developed countries.It is a sobering thought that most developing nations aspire to similar industrial economies as they experience economic growth, which further escalates CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.
PREVENTION:The population can be controlled by following measures.
A. Social Measure:
Population explosion is a social problem and it is deeply rooted in society.
1. Minimum age of Marriage:
The minimum age of marriage should be raised because fertility depends on age of marriage. Fixed by the law the minimum age of men is 21years found 18 years for women.
2. Raising the Status of Women:
Women should be given opportunities to develop socially and economically.
3. Spread of Education:
The spread of education changes the outlook of people. The educated men will prefer to delay marriage and adopt small family norms. Educated women are health conscious and avoid frequent pregnancies and thus help in lowering birth rate.
4. Adoption:
Some parents who do not have any children are advised to adopt the orphan children. It will be beneficial to orphan children as well as lower the population.
5. Change in Social Outlook:
Social outlook of the people must be changed. Marriage should not be considered as social binding anymore.
6. Social Security:
People should be covered under-social security schemes. So that they do not depend upon others in the event of old age, sickness, unemployment etc. with these facilities they will have no desire for more children.
B. Economic Measures:
1. More employment opportunities:
The first and foremost measure is to raise the employment avenues in rural as well as urban areas.This step can check the population growth.
2. Development of Agriculture and Industry:
If agriculture and industry are properly developed then a large number of people will be employed and when their income increases they would improve their standard of living and adopt small family norms.
3. Standard of Living:
Improved standard of living acts as a deterrent to large family norms. In order to maintain their higher standard of living people prefer to have a small family.
4. Urbanisation:
People in urban areas have a lower birth rate than those living in rural areas. Urbanisation should therefore be encouraged.
C. Other Measures:
1. Late Marriage:
At the age of 30years,marriage should be solemnized. This will reduce the period of reproduction among the females bringing down the birth rate.
2. Self Control:
Self control is a powerful method to control the population. It helps in reducing the birth rate.
3. Family Planning:
This method implies family by choice and not by chance. People can regulate the birth rate by using preventive measures like cheap contraceptive devices for birth control etc.
4. Recreational Facilities:
For many people sex is the only recreation of life which is responsible for a high birt rate. But the birth rate will fall if other recreational activities like cinema, theatre, sports and dance etc are available to the people. As a result of which people will not have sex for recreation reducing in lower birth rate.
5. Publicity:
The communication media like T.V., radio and newspaper will propagate the benefits of the planned family to the uneducated and illiterate persons especially in the rural and backward areas of the country.
6. Incentives:
The govt. can give various types of incentives to the people to adopt birth control measures. This will result in small family norms reducing the birth rate.
7. Employment to Woman:
If women are given employment they will get incentives for their work. This will keep them busy and is a good measure of population control. @track2traininginstitute @track2trainingseminar @edunewsnetwork
Environmental Sociology: The Perspectives of Madhav Gadgil
Introduction
The aggregate of all animate beings and inanimate objects surrounding a living organism is defined as environment. The environment of a being is an important factor in its growth and development. Throughout history, all human societies have been dependent on the ecosystem for fulfilling their needs and wants. The use of nature, the working of which during the initial stages was considered capricious, has changed significantly over time. From considering himself a part of nature and using natural resources prudently to believing him to be apart from nature and conqueror of nature, man’s interaction with the environment has undergone a drastic shift.
Environmental sociology is a study of human behaviour towards nature. It focusses on the nature of interaction between man and the ecosystem. Environmental sociology has now solidified its position as an interdisciplinary study.Madhav Gadgil is an India ecologist known for his contribution towards the preservation of ecology in the country. His researches played a major role in identifying Nilgiris as the first biosphere reserve in India. In his works, he focusses on the ecological and historical aspects of man’s interaction with nature and natural resources. His works detail the role of humans in causing environmental destruction and also focusses on prudent use of natural resources by humans. He understands environmental problems through environmental history. His works study the conditions under which humans preserve or exploit natural resources. He analyses human actions that are prudent and profligate in use of natural resources.
From a sociological point of view, he presents a new framework called ‘modes of resource use’. This framework analyses how different societies interacted with nature and classifies them based on their interactions with nature and natural resources. He finds the need for this classification as the classical Marxian concept of ‘modes of production’ does not consider the realms of natural resources. He also explains the role of environmental factors in conflicts within groups and conflicts between groups. In one of his important works, he focuses on the history of resource use and abuse in post independent India. In this work, he proposes a programmatic agenda for renewal of environment. He proposes another framework on ecological consumption, which classifies human populations based on their consumption of natural resources. He retains the essence of both sociology and ecology in his works by explaining the reciprocal relationship between nature and man and nature’s influence on the relationship between humans. This paper aims to analyse the perspectives of Madhav Gadgil and the theories proposed by him in his works.
Theory of ‘Modes of Resource Use’
Understanding the shortcomings of Marx’s mode of production when trying to classify societies based on resource use and ecological context, Gadgil introduces the concept of modes of resource use. His major criticisms of Marx’s mode of production are that it ignores natural contexts within which field and factory exist, places less importance on political structures and struggles, its lack of applicability outside Europe, and its little value when interpreting religious, ideological and cultural values of various societies and differences in them. The concept introduced by Gadgil ‘modes of resource use’ includes natural resources in its domain of production.
According to Gadgil, the concept of modes of resource use helps in finding the characteristics of different modes, and estimates the environmental impact of different modes, and estimates the effects of these modes on the ecosystem and availability of natural resources.
According to the theory of modes of resource use, human societies are classified into four historical modes. These are gathering(including shifting cultivation), nomadic pastoralism, settled cultivation or agriculture, and industrial mode of society. Each historical mode of society has a set of unique characteristics with respect to the aspects of technology, economy, social organization and ideology. The nature of ecological impact varies from one historical mode to other. In the gathering mode of society, hunting wild animals and gathering of vegetable matter are the main activities for survival. The practices or characteristics of gathering is prevalent even in the time of shifting cultivation. Humans in this mode relied mostly on human muscle power and wood fuel as energy sources.
For fulling their needs and wants, they are dependent on plants, animals and stones. In this mode, man’s knowledge of nature is narrow and considers the working of nature as capricious. There are no efforts to dominate nature and believe nature to be beyond man’s control. The capacity to store food and transportation of resources during this period is also limited. The economy is constructed mostly around the resources gathered within small spaces. The range of resources that is possible to transport is limited(shells, peacock feathers and such things). The variety of species, considering restrictions of space, is high. The consumption is based on subsistence needs in this mode. These societies are vulnerable to changes in the availability of resources. Their response is fine tuned adaptations to these conditions. Their abilities to transform resources is also basic and rudimentary. The social organization is restricted to tiny social groups and territories are restricted. Relationship with people from outside these territories are rare. There is no division of labour present in this mode and when there is division of labour it is based on age and sex. Their accessibility to resources are restricted due to spatial restrictions and lack of transport. There are no ideas of personal property and nobody is in a position to dominate others. In this mode, man is considered as one of other beings in the community. There are several practices like restriction of fishing in some ponds in the name of sacred ponds that aimed at sustainable resource. The impact of human activities on environment is minimal in this period.
The next mode of society is nomadic pastoralism. In this mode, humans additionally start using animal power as a source of energy. Societies are dependent on plant and animal materiel for satisfying their material requirements. Domestic animals served as meat supply on hooves. Their ability to store resource is better than gatherers. They use domestic animals for transport purposes. Since they travel from one locality to another, their resource base is extensive. Their rate of consumption is moderate. They do hold the beliefs of gatherers and started using natural resource without the prudence of hunters and gatherers.
The mode of society slowly progressed to settled cultivation. This became possible after the development of farming or agricultural techniques and animal husbandry. In this mode, societies begin to use human and animal muscle power, fuelwood, coal and water power to certain extent. For fulfilling material requirements, they are dependent on stone, plant, animal and some metals. Their ability to store resource is high compared to previous modes. This is made possible by grains and domestic animals. Domestic animals are used for transportation purposes. Their ability to transform resources sees a shift as these societies begin involving in the practice of metal making and weaving. Their accessibility to resources is moderate and higher compared to gatherer mode of society. Some elites begin dominating others and notions of personal property start emerging during this phase. The rate of consumption by elites is higher than other. Overall consumption, however, remains moderate during this phase.
Invention of tools leads to the evolution of much advanced society called industrial mode of society. The sources of energy used is extended to fossil fuels, hydro-electricity, nuclear power, fuelwood, and human and muscle power. The reliance on human and animal power is much less compared to previous modes. There is an extensive use of resources for fulfilling material requirements. Societies use metals and synthetic materials extensively for fulfilling material requirements. The ability to store is very high as even perishable goods(like meat and fruits) are stored for longer durations. The usage of fossil fuels as an energy source makes transportation over large distances possible. The time of transporting is also drastically reduced. The ability to transform resources is extensive in this mode. There is no spatial or territorial restriction for accessibility of resources. Resources through world are transported to all parts and consumed. The rate of consumption is also high. Societies consume enormous quantities of resources. Division of labour is considerable is based on knowledge and skills. The extent of kinship and attachment to societies are also weak. Transactions, unlike previous societies, are codified with legal sanctions. The sense of personal property is high. Resources are owned by individual, states and corporates. Community ownership is delegitimized in this mode of society.
In this mode, man begins to dominate nature and is seen as apart from nature. The earlier modes of resource use followed practices, in the name of religion or customs, that were ecologically prudent. There were several social practices which guided the society towards sustainable use of resources. For example, gatherer societies and other communities followed practices like sacred groves and sacred ponds that prohibited usage of certain resources keeping in mind the sustainability of resources. There are several practices that regulated their behaviour. Man is the only who is cognitively able to exercise prudence in the use of nature and practice restraints. Old practices, studied by several anthropologists and ethnobiologist, have been proved to be beneficial in the long run. These practices involve different types of restrictions on harvesting, quantity, locality, season, and life history stages. There are also certain practices that do not contribute to sustainable resource use. These practices were guided by social beliefs and customs and may have been developed on the basis of their experience. In the modern industrial mode, such practices are not followed and practices guided by science have had several consequences. It is difficult to ascertain precise prescriptions, but simple methods could be followed to avoid resource collapse.
Insurgency in north-east
North East India comprising the seven States of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura has earned the dubious distinction
for persistent underdevelopment and growing insurgency. The fire of insurgency has been
engulfing the region in such a way that there seems to be existence of a parallel authority of
the insurgents in many parts of the region as rampant abductions, extortions and killings go
on unabated. Consequently, normal life is often paralysed and all initiatives including the
socio-economic ones are increasingly crippled as an air of fear and uncertainty pervades the
region.
Nagaland has been the epicenter of insurgency in the North East. The Naga leader,
A.Z. Phizo raised the banner of revolt at the very dawn of Indian independence, claiming
that Nagaland had never been a part of India. Although the sub national State of Nagaland
was created in 1963 in order to fulfill the political aspiration of the Nagas, the flame of
Naga insurgency could never be doused effectively and now it affects almost all the North
Eastern States in general and Manipur, Assam and Nagaland in particular as the Naga
insurgent outfits aim at political union and independence of all the territories claimed to be
Naga-dominated areas and as these outfits are providing help and training to the insurgents
in other States also. The National Socialist Council of Nagaland formed in 1980 (now split
into two factions) is the most formidable insurgent outfit in the region.
In Assam, the insurgency has grown out of mass movement over the foreigners’
issue starting in 1979. The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) which has been
committing terrorist acts with their avowed objectives of forming independent Assam has
created a serious internal security hazard. The Bodos are also up in arms under the
leadership of the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB). In the North Cachar
District of Assam, the Dimasa Halam (DHD) is engaged in insurgency activities. While the declared political ambition of the Bodos is for separate statehood under the Indian Union to
attain independence, the objective of DHD is not explicitly made known. Thus, Assam
faces a very complicated problem of insurgency.
Manipur is plagued by triple problems. The valley faces the insurgency of the
Meitei extremists while the hill areas are affected by depredations by the Naga militants on
the one hand and inter-tribal clashes between the Nagas and Kukis on the other. The more
prominent outfits operating in Manipur are the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). People’s
Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Kuki
National Organisation (KNO/KDF) and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland
(NSCN) (Singh, 2000).
In Tripura, the tribal-non-tribal socio-economic divide has been generating
dissension from the very dawn of the State’s accession to the Indian Union in 1948.
Although socio-economic development of Tripura has traditionally been associated with
immigration, the massive influx of the non-tribal refugees from East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh) in the wake of the division of India in 1947 reduced the tribal people into a
minority constituting less than one third of the population. As most of the immigrants
settled in rural areas, the pressure of population on land was tremendous. The sense of
being progressively marginalized gave rise to tribal insurgency in the State. In the 1980s
the Tripura National Volunteers (TNV) was a formidable tribal terrorist outfit spreading
hatred against the non-tribal and it was mainly responsible for the riots that took place in
June 1980. At present there are about 20 tribal insurgent groups in Tripura, the two
prominent ones being the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and the All Tripura
Tiger Force (ATTF). In recent years the non-tribal are also being involved in anti-tribal
violent activities (Ganguly, 1999).
Mizoram experienced rebellion of the Mizos under the leadership of Mr. Laldenga.
But after the Mizo Accord of 1986, there has been no major wave of insurgency in the
State. None the less, inter-tribe conflicts and suspicion against the non-tribal are not
altogether absent in the State.
Meghalaya has been free from insurgent activities. However, for the last few years
Hiniutrap Liberation Council (HNLC) has been organizing disruptive activities in the State
on certain occasions in spite of the fact that they do not have mass support.
Even Arunachal Pradesh which can be regarded as an island of peace in the whole of the North eastern Region is not totally free from trouble. The local tribal people refuse to allow the Chakmas to be absorbed in the State’s population. A rising trend of ethnic
separatism is also absorbed in the State.
World Test Championship Final- Day 2
Very happy!! We got to see some cricket yesterday after a very long wait since IPL. It’s India Vs New Zealand, the second day of the World Test Championship Final at Southampton, England. The day 1 was already vanished out completely due to rain. Thanks to ICC to plan a reserve day on June 23. Cricket missed in the five preplanned days will be played on the reserve day.
Toss:
It was bright and shiny in the morning yesterday. Though there was cloud. Captains went for toss. New Zealand won the toss and they decided to bowl first. The decision from New Zealand skipper may be because of the conditions. It was cloudy and the conditions are overcast. So it would assist the swing of the ball.
Teams:
India – Rohit Sharma, Shubman Gill, Cheteshwar Pujara, Virat Kohli(c), Ajinkya Rahane, Rishab Pant(wk), Ravindra Jadeja, Ravichandran Ashwin,Mohammad Shami, Ishant Sharma, Jasprit Bumrah.
New Zealand – Devon Conway, Tom Latham, Kane Williamson(c), Ross Taylor, Henry Nicholls, BJ Watling(wk), Kyle Jamieson, Colin de Grandhomme, Tim Southee, Trent Boult, Niel Wagner.
Toss insights:
New Zealand opted to have 5 fast bowling options. They don’t even pick a spinner in their eleven. This might be because of the conditions that they might have picked a team that is best suited to play in this English conditions. Also they are having Colin to bat at no.8 now. He gave stability to the team in terms of batting. There might be also a reason that they might have thought Indians are very good players of spin. They have shown their class against Nathon Lynn in Australia and against Dom Bess and Jack Leach in India. Whatever may be the reason, New Zealand surprised us by this move.
India- 1st innings:
Rohit and Gill really gave a very good start. Gill looked uncomfortable at the beginning but he soon adapted to the situation better. Rohit was good and runs flown at regular intervals from his bat right from the start. They made a good partnership but not so long. Both got out when team’s score was around 62 with Gill scoring 28 and Rohit scoring 34. Jamieson and Wagner bagged their wickets. Then came Pujara,the man. We were fortunate to see him bat as he always does. He played 35 dot balls before scoring his first run. He scored two boundaries in his very short innings and got dismissed by Boult when he was on 8(54). Momentum slightly turned towards New Zealand side. But Kohli and the later joined Rahane didn’t let that go away. They played a 50 run partnership in this tough swinging conditions going on and off the field. Yes, the play was constantly interrupted by the weather conditions. It was not rain this time. It’s bad light. Play was stopped for the third time when Rahane was at 29 runs and Kohli at 44 runs. Then no play resumed. Just 64.4 overs bowled last night. We lost nearly a session of play. Hope there is no such interruptions in the day-3 game. Stay home!! Stay safe!!
Important dates of year
| DATE | DAY | REMARKS |
| Jan 12 | National Youth Day | Birthday of Swami Vivekananda |
| Jan 15 | Army Day | Field Marshall K.M. Cariappa took over the command of Army on this day in 1949 from the British. |
| Jan 25 | National Voters’ Day | With effect from 2011 |
| Jan 27 | International Holocaust Day | The largest Nazi death camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau, was liberated by Soviet troops on Jan 27, 1945. |
| Jan 30 | Martyr’s Day | Martyrdom day of Mahatma Gandhi |
| Feb 14 | Black day for India | Forty CRPF personnel were killed on February 14, 2019, when their convoy was attacked by a suicide bomber on the Srinagar-Jammu highway in J&K’s Pulwama district. It was said to be the worst-ever terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir since militancy erupted in 1989. |
| Feb 14 | St. Valentine’s Day | Lupercalia survived the initial rise of Christianity but was outlawed—as it was deemed “un-Christian”—at the end of the 5th century, when Pope Gelasius declared February 14 St. Valentine’s Day. It was not until much later, however, that the day became definitively associated with love. |
| Feb 21 | International Mother Language Day | International Mother Language Day is observed on February 21, every year to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. International Mother Language Day recognizes that languages and multilingualism can advance inclusion, and the Sustainable Development Goals focus on leaving no one behind. |
| Feb 28 | National Science Day | Marks the discovery of Raman Effect in 1928 by C.V. Raman |
| Mar 8 | International Women’s Day | This day is observed globally every year on 8 March to celebrate the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women. Also, it is an action for accelerating gender parity. |
| Mar 15 | World Consumer Day | President John F Kennedy formally addressed the issue of consumer rights on this day in 1963. |
| Mar 20 | French Language Day | UN French Language Day is observed annually on 20 March. The event was established by UN’s Department of Public Information in 2010 “to celebrate multilingualism and cultural diversity as well as to promote equal use of all six official languages throughout the Organization”. |
| Apr 7 | World Health Day | WHO was formed on this day in 1948, but the first World Health Day was observed in 1950. |
| Apr 12 | International Day of Human Space Flight | Yuri Gagarin, the Soviet Cosmonaut made the first space flight on this day in 1961. |
| Apr 20 | Chinese Language Day | UN Chinese Language Day is observed globally on April 20 every year. The day has been chosen to pay tribute to Cangjie, who is a mythical figure who is presumed to have invented Chinese characters about 5,000 years ago. |
| Apr 23 | English Language Day | Celebrate English Language Day by learning a bit about its history, and words that may not be in use at the moment. Learn about where it’s spoken, and how it’s used. Maybe take some time to help someone learning English get a little better at it, or even learn about the different variations. |
| Apr 23 | Spanish Language Day | Every year on April 23rd, Spanish Language Day celebrates the second most spoken language in the world. It’s also a day to honor the most revered writer in the Spanish language, Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra. About 75 million people in the world speak Spanish as their second language. |
| May 1 | International Worker’s Day | New Delhi| Jagran Lifestyle Desk: International Labour Day is observed every year on May 1 to mark the achievements of the workers and to spread awareness about exploitation. Also known as International Worker’s Day and May Day, is observed across the globe. |
| May 8 | International Red Cross Day | JH Dunant, the man behind Red Cross was born on this day in 1828 |
| May 11 | National Technology Day | Nuclear tests at Pokhran carried out in 1998 on this day. |
| May 21 | Anti-terrorism Day | Former PM Shri Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated on this day in 1991. |
| Jun 5 | World Environment Day | The purpose of World Environment Day is to spread awareness about the threat to the environment due to rising pollution levels and climate change. The first World Environment Day was observed in 1974, giving a global platform for inspiring positive change in the environment. |
| Jun 6 | Russian Language Day | A language of politics, space and economics, but also 265 million people. Russian has been described as an ‘extremely politically and culturally relevant language’. Because of the power and influence of the Russian Federation, the language is playing a key role in some of humankind’s most groundbreaking advances. |
| Jun 21 | International Yoga Day | United Nations celebrate International Yoga Day every year on 21st June since 2015. The resolution for International Day of Yoga was proposed by India and endorsed by a record 175 member states through UN resolution 69/131. This year the theme of International Yoga Day (IDY) is ‘Yoga for Health – Yoga at Home’. |
| Jul 1 | National Doctors Day (India) | Birthday of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Ray |
| Jul 11 | World Population Day | Inspired by 5 Billion Day in 1987 |
| Jul 12 | Malala Day | Birthday of Malala Yousafzai |
| Aug 6 | Hiroshima Day | Bombing of Hiroshima on 6 Aug, 1945 |
| Aug 7 | National Handloom Day | Launching of Swadeshi Movement on 7 Aug, 1905 |
| Aug 9 | August Kranti Diwas | Launch of Quit India Movement in 1942 |
| Aug 19 | World Humanitarian Day | Commemorates the day when 22 aid workers were killed in a bombing at the UN headquarters in Baghdad in 2003 |
| Aug 20 | Sadbhawna Diwas | Birthday of Shri Rajiv Gandhi (1944) |
| Aug 29 | National Sports Day | Birthday of Shri Dhyanchand (1905) |
| Sep 5 | Teacher’s Day | Birthday of Dr. Radhakrishanan (1888) |
| Sep 8 | International Literacy Day | The 8th of September was proclaimed International Literacy Day by UNESCO in 1966 to remind the international community of the importance of literacy for individuals, communities and societies, and the need for intensified efforts towards more literate societies. |
| Sep 14 | Hindi Diwas | Hindi accorded the Official language status by the Constituent Assembly on this day in 1949. |
| Sep 15 | Engineers’ Day | Birthday of Sri M Visvesvaraya. |
| Sep 27 | World Tourism Day | Statutes of United Nations World Tourism Organisation adopted on this day in 1980. |
| Oct 2 | International Non-violence Day | Birthday of Mahatma Gandhi (1869) |
| Oct 8 | Indian Air Force Day | IAF was officially established on this day in 1932. |
| Oct 16 | World Food Day | Food and Agricultural Organisation was founded on this day in 1945. |
| Oct 24 | United Nations Day | Charter of the United Nations came into force on this day in 1945. |
| Oct 31 | Rashtriya Ekta Diwas | Birth Anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel |
| Nov 11 | National Education Day | Birthday of Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888), the first Education Minister of India. |
| Nov 14 | Children’s Day | Birthday of Shri Jawaharlal Nehru (1889) |
| Nov 19 | National Integration Day | Birthday of Smt Indira Gandhi (1984) |
| Nov 26 | Constitution Day (India) | Constitution of India was adopted on this day (1949) |
| Nov 26 | National Milk Day (India) | Birthday of Shri Verghese Kurien, Father of White Revolution in India |
| Dec 1 | World AIDS Day | It’s an opportunity for people worldwide to unite in the fight against HIV, to show support for people living with HIV, and to commemorate those who have died from an AIDS-related illness. Founded in 1988, World AIDS Day was the first ever global health day. |
| Dec 4 | Navy Day | Commemorates the courageous attack on the Karachi harbour during the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 in Operation Trident. |
| Dec 7 | Armed Forces Flag Day | On 28th August 1949, the Ministry of Defence decided to celebrate this day, to honour the soldiers, sailors, and airmen. This day celebration intends to tribute the valiant and martyred soldiers and to revamp the harmony of citizens. |
| Dec 10 | Human Rights’ Day | Universal Declaration of Human Rights was proclaimed and adopted on this day in 1948. |
| Dec 16 | Vijay Diwas | Marks India’s victory over Pakistan in the Indo-Pak war in 1971. |
| Dec 18 | Minorities Rights Day | United Nations adopted and promulgated the Declaration on the Rights of Persons belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities on this day in 1992. |
| Dec 18 | Arabic Language Day | The date coincides with the day in 1973 that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted Arabic as the sixth official language of the Organization. … Arabic has played a catalytic role in knowledge, promoting the dissemination of Greek and Roman sciences and philosophies to Renaissance Europe. |
| Dec 24 | National Consumers’ Day | The enactment of this Act is considered as a historic milestone in the consumer movement in the country. This day provides an opportunity for individuals to highlight the importance of the consumer movement and the need to make every consumer more aware of their rights and responsibilities. |
| Dec 25 | Good Governance Day | Birthday of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
Reference Link:
Behind her eyes – a REVIEW
In the event that you like thrillers, Netflix’s most recent arrangement, Behind her Eyes, might intrigue you. I say go ahead and observe it and after, that let’s examine the imposing finishing. A word of caution: You might get confounded, anxious, and baffled.
Based on Sarah Pinborough’s book of the same title, the British mental thriller may take off you a bit awkward within the conclusion, whereas wavering between sex scenes and parallel timelines. Creator Steve Lightfoot, at the side of chief Erik Richter Strand, presents a storyline that keeps you speculating till the conclusion, until that turned disclosure. You learn the truth around the characters, but the occasions that lead up to the climax are extended and need the capacity to keep the group of onlookers snared. And the much-talked-about finishing is difficult to persevere (you won’t see that coming).
Set in London, the six-episode arrangement spins around four characters – Adele, a forlorn and puzzling homemaker hitched to her adolescent adore David, a therapist. Similarly strange is David, who shows up in torment, but finds himself momentarily drawn to Louise, his secretary. At that point, there’s Victimize, Adele’s best companion.
It starts with Louise, a single mother, who gets sucked into the interesting world of David and Adele. All hell breaks when she unconsciously takes an interest in astral projection or astral travel. Yes, a few of the characters within the arrangement can effectively accomplish the out-of-body involvement, where their souls travel exterior their bodies. And so, comes the powerful portion of the appearance, which, in the case dealt with in an unexpected way, would have been much interesting. Eve Hewson as Adele and Simona Brown as Louise is idealizing, Robert Aramayo is true as Ron, and Tom Bateman plays David with a parcel of empathy and charm, but that’s not sufficient. That said, the often-slacking account comes up short of the star cast at times. For occurrence, you cannot offer assistance but ponder how a single mother can bear that cozy flat and supper dates, with a career that includes three days of work a week (I need that job). When it comes to a thriller, it is as a rule the finishing that keeps us on the edge of our seats.
We learn about him and his affiliation with Adele, as the story goes back and forward.
But with Behind Her Eyes, it is the ending that’s a bit disappointing. It’s a finishing that’s so unmistakably crazy that it feels like being trolled. In the event that the characters were wealthier, or in the event that the moderate burn of the primary a few scenes of the appear were more retaining, it’d be simpler to contend that the finishing is an energizing acceleration, or possibly a polarizing capper to an already pleasant thriller. But the end is exceptionally obviously the entire diversion. There’s no invigorating vitality here past drawing the group of onlookers toward those final a few minutes.
All in all I’ll give the show a 2.5 out of 5. You can stream it now on Netflix.
Overview of QUANTUM COMPUTING
“We can’t actually anticipate how electrons will act this moment,” says Zapata’s Christopher Savoie. “We can be more foresighted and undertake less real research facility tests if we can get into a state where we’re acting like it’s anything but a PC.” It is, he says, as though Airbus were all the while testing planes by building limited scope models and tossing them into the sky. “You can’t recreate compound cycles that no doubt about it,” says Google’s Sergio Boixo.
What is Quantum Computing?
Quantum computing is a space of processing zeroed in on creating PC innovation dependent on the standards of quantum hypothesis (which clarifies the conduct of energy and material on the nuclear and subatomic levels). PCs utilized today can just encode data in bits that take the worth of 1 or 0—confining their capacity. Quantum Computing, then again, utilizes quantum bits or qubits. It bridles the remarkable capacity of subatomic particles that permits them to exist in more than one state (i.e., a 1 and a 0 simultaneously).
History
During the 1980s, the area of quantum figuring arose. It was later discovered that quantum computations may be used to solve specific computer problems more effectively than their classical counterparts.
Because of its latent potential and expected market size, IBM, Microsoft, Google, D-Waves Systems, Alibaba, Nokia, Intel, Airbus, HP, Toshiba, Mitsubishi, SK Telecom, NEC, Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, Rigetti, Biogen, Volkswagen, and Amgen have all committed to work in the field of quantum processing.
Real-World Example
Google is investing billions in a project to construct a quantum computer by 2029. To assist it achieve its goal, the organization has established a Google AI campus in California. For a long time, Google has been investing in this type of innovation. Various organizations, such as Honeywell International (HON) and International Business Machine (IB), have also done so.
On 15 june, IBM unveiled one of Europe’s most spectacular quantum computers at an event at its German base camp. The Q System One, according to IBM, is “Europe’s most remarkable quantum computer in a mechanical setting.”
The computer has been running since February, but due to the pandemic, its dispatch has been delayed. The PC is a “miracle of technology,” according to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who holds a PhD in quantum science from her time as a researcher in former East Germany.
How Do Quantum Computers Work?
In quantum computing, tasks make use of an item’s quantum state to supply a qubit. These are the unidentified properties of an item, such as the twist of an electron or the polarization of a photon, before they’ve been discovered.
Unmeasured quantum states may occur in a blended’superposition,’ analogous to a coin spinning through the air before landing in your grip, rather of having a distinct position.
These superpositions can be ensnared with those of other articles, implying that their ultimate conclusions will be numerically connected, even though we have no idea what they are yet.
Benefits of quantum computing
The promise is for much faster, far more effective computations, which is convenient given that we are producing more data than at any other time in recent memory, need to analyze that data in more mind-boggling ways, and get results out much faster.
- Quantum computing allows programmers to write programs in entirely new ways. A quantum computer, for example, may include a programming sequence that reads “take all the superpositions of all the previous calculations.”
- This would make it possible to solve some mathematical problems, such as factorization of big numbers, in a very short amount of time
- Quantum physics and quantum processing have the potential to help with a wide range of problems.
- Because of the informational index used, a branch of study called topological examination, in which mathematical forms work specifically, displays calculations that are essentially unthinkable with today’s standard PCs.
- It can help us with physical science problems involving quantum mechanics and the interrelationship of materials or qualities. Quantum registering, on a nuclear level, mimics nature, and along these lines, it could aid in the discovery of new materials or the differentiation of new synthetic mixes for drug disclosure.
- The quantum computer being created by Google could aid in a variety of processes, such as accelerating AI preparation or assisting in the development of more energy-efficient batteries.
Problems in Quantum Computing
Since qubits are not advanced pieces of information, they can’t be rectified utilizing conventional techniques. Some problems related to Quantum Computing are:
- In quantum computing, where even a solitary estimation mistake can make the legitimacy of the whole calculation breakdown, blunder adjustment is significant. Notwithstanding, there has been critical improvement around here. With the advancement of a blunder rectification technique that utilizes 9 qubits (one computational and eight correction).
- The smallest aggravation in a quantum framework can make a quantum calculation breakdown, an interaction known as de-intelligence. A quantum PC should be completely segregated from all outer impedance during the calculation stage. Some achievement has been accomplished with the utilization of qubits in serious attractive fields, utilizing particles.
Conclusion
While no quantum computer has yet been developed enough to perform calculations that a traditional computer cannot, incredible progress is being made. This innovation may allow a fraction of the benefits and knowledge of quantum calculation to be realized some time before the quest for a large-scale, error-corrected quantum computer is completed.
IS UNEMPLOYMENT GOING FROM BAD TO WORSE?
“An unemployed existence is the worst existence of life than the death itself”
Unemployment is a very serious issue not only in India but in the whole world. Many people do not have employment. The problems of unemployment are severe in India due to population growth. It is not a problem to be neglected but a problem to which a solution is a must. If this problem is neglected, it turns down to be the doom of the nation.
In a population of 1.32 billion, it is really hard to make everyone employed. From a survey of unemployment-employment based on expenditure which was carried out in July 2011-June 2012, the employment rate was 2.7%. But a survey based on educational levels for July 2017-June 2018 reported the rate as 6.1%. This reveals a crisis of quality jobs among the educated youth. The unemployment rate among people of 15-29 stood at 27.2% for women, 18.7% for men in urban areas, and 13.6% for women, 17.4% for men in rural areas in 2017-2018. This shows a genuine increase in the unemployment rate. As the education levels are rising, the aspirations are also rising. The categorization is that one with a job is considered employed and the one without a job and trying to find a job is considered unemployed.
THE PROBLEM
Unemployment emerges as a major problem because we are more concerned about our status in society than grabbing the opportunities. If everyone tries to opt for a white-collar job, that particular field will be crowded and the remaining left empty. Unemployment is first and foremost an economic and social problem as it brings about money for the unemployed as well as for the nation. It can be sorted out by entrepreneurship and by focusing on agriculture. There are many causes for unemployment but a few among them share a larger part. The caste discriminations fail to treat every individual equally. As a result, low caste people remain unemployed on a large scale than the high caste people. Another cause is our education system. The education should be technical and practical but we are guided theory-oriented. The education we gain must be job-oriented to overcome unemployment. The rising population creates unemployment and this, in turn, will create a serious impact. Awareness about the increasing population alone cannot help, implementation could only help.
As unemployment touches its peak, poverty also starts to touch its peak. This unemployed condition paves the way for an individual to choose the illegal way to get money. They tend to take alcohol, drugs or at last commit suicide out of stress. Unemployment increases crimes and also it affects physical and mental health.
THE SOLUTION
These problems could be solved by improving the education system as said earlier. Developing the rural areas could stop the migration of people to urban areas thereby reducing the population in urban areas. Government should encourage and develop agriculture-based industries in rural areas. More opportunities can be created if we allow foreign companies to start their unit in India. On the whole, we must follow the saying, “United we live divided we fall” to bring all these into action.
YOGA-Indian heritage
Yoga’s roots began in India thousands of years ago. Yoga is one of the greatest achievements of Indian civilization, which has spread its influence far and wide.
The ancient seers used yoga as a means to explore the exterior and interior world and ultimately achieve the knowledge and wisdom of Vedas, shastras and Upanishads which have been passed down to the world. Yoga was evolved by the ancient Indian Rishis as a practical method for complete physical, mental and spiritual transformation of an individual. Different periods of Indian history can tell the origin of Yoga.
(i) Pre-Vedic period : The excavation of Mohenjodaro and Harappa in Indus Valley reveals that yoga was practiced in some forms during that period. The idols as well as statues which were found in excavation, are in various yogic postures. The language which was used in Indus Valley Civilization, is still unknown to us, but it is sure on the basis of idols that yoga was performed during that period.
(ii)Vedic period : Vedas refer to the oldest “portion of the sacred canon of Hinduism, they are four RIG, ATHARVA, SAMA and YAJUR. The word ‘Yunjate’ used in Rigveda gives the idea of the yoga for sense control. Some concepts of yoga are partially developed from Vedas.
(iii) Upnishads period : It is the upnishads, from which the later parts of Vedas provide the main foundation of Yoga teaching and philosophy known as Vedanta i.e., ‘Absolute reality’ or consciousness. The real basis of yoga can be found in upnishads. Pran and Nadis are discussed in upnishads along with the physiological effects.
(iv) Epic period : Around 6th century B.C. appeared two massive epics; the Ramayana written by Valmiki and the Mahabharata written by Vedavyasa. Various types of yogic practices were used during that period. Bhagavad Gita is perhaps the best known of all yogic scriptures.
(v) Sutra’s period : The backbone is furnished by Patanjali Yoga Sutra. He was rightly called the father of Yoga, who around 200 B.C, compiled, sythesized, modified, systematised and refined yoga in a metaphysical whole.
(vi) Smriti Period : Smrities were written till about 1000 A.D. During this period, of Smriti literature, we find various change in ideas, beliefs, worship and customs. Pranayam and other purification techniques used to occupy a significant place in every ritual of people.
(vii) Medieval Period : In this period, the two cults i.e., Natha cult and Bhakti cult were very famous. The literature of these cult shows that yoga was very popular in these cults. Hathayoga was evolved and became very famous in the Natha cult. The saints of these periods used to do various yogic practices.
(viii) Modem period: Swami Vivekananda made Yoga very popular and continued to spread its knowledge outside India also. Modern men have adopted this oldest science of life as a tool for keeping the systems of the body and mind in good health. Interest in Yoga is again at high pace with good reason. Yoga is the oldest form of personal development in the world, encompassing body, mind and spirit.
Yoga has its roots in the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedas, Upanishads, the famous epics Ramayana and Mahabharata specially the Gita, Smrities, Yogasutra are authentic evidences of development of Yoga in ancient times. The seeds of yoga were sowed and developed in India and now it is spreading all over the world by Swami Ramdev ji.
DESIGN OF BUYER-CENTRIC FUNNEL
What is a buyer-centric funnel?
A Funnel in business terms is the customer’s travel from a normal visitor to becoming a loyal customer of a particular product or a company. Buyer-centric means organizing the different business approaches from the customer’s perspective rather than building it from the seller’s perspective. A buyer-centric funnel is a marketing model built in a consumer-focused way that transforms normal visitors into constant customers.
Why do we need this?
In a normal world, the sales process is vendor-centric where buyer’s questions are not answered properly. So, to address the consumer’s problems, we bring in the buyer-centric approach which breaks the sales process into different stages such that it sustains existing customers.
The consumer funnel model build for the buyer’s journey should include the 3 stages:
- Awareness – This is the phase where consumers explore and understand the problems they have. About 80% of the customers will be in this stage. So, the model should be built with more insights about the problems and with the possible solutions. The benefits of the proposed solutions should also be mentioned. No marketing of the product should be done.
- Consideration – In this phase, the product’s information should be provided followed by a free trial or demo. Try to approach in an appealing way such as giving customer stories. This triggers the customers to buy the product which is the ultimate destination. An average of 15% of the customers reaches this stage.
- Purchase – The customers would be ready to buy the product in this phase. Only 5% of the customers will reach this stage and be ready to purchase the product. The main aim of this phase lies not only in selling the product but also in retaining the customers.
Getting to know your Buyer Personae
This is one of the important parts where we identify the key characteristics and the target audience. Try to understand the customer’s business goals and thrive to provide those to the customers. Analyze their problems and pain points more deeply and find out what they are exactly looking for. Then try to give the needed solutions or the features that are the customer’s highest priority. Understand what they like and do not like about the company and address the questions and concerns they have. Next is to know what influences consumers to buy the product. Before buying a product, a customer looks for the pros and cons of the product. Good services make the chances of buying the product higher. Design and re-design the funnel until the customers reach the ‘Wow Moment’.
Wow Moment
The moment which drives the customer to explore more when he/she comes across something interesting and cool is the ‘Mini Wow Moment’. The moment which urges the customer to buy the product as soon as he/she is satisfied enough is the ‘Full Wow Moment’.
Factors to be considered to reach the Wow Moment:
- How many steps are involved before achieving a Wow Moment?
- How much time is taken to reach a Wow Moment?
- How much friction is involved before reaching a Wow Moment?
Keeping these factors to the minimum is important to design an effective Buyer-centric funnel.
To change the traditional market paradigm, the Flip the Funnel approach is used which means investing fewer resources on the new customers and giving huge importance to retain the loyal customers. As a result, the existing customers share their experiences with their peers and act as a new client acquisition channel.
Flipping the funnel is done keeping the following factors into count:
- Look at the data – Frequently analyze the current marketing data. Three key metrics cited for this analysis are
- Average acquisition cost
- Average retention cost
- The average cost of acquiring a new customer through a referral
- Adapt new customer service rules – If a customer is not addressed when he reaches the service department, then the company would lose the customer. In order to avoid this, companies should have 24/7 customer support and reach out to every customer in need.
- Identify influencers – Identify the influencers who make or break the business and treat them well.
- Reward customers – Recognize and reward customers on a timely basis and always have track of customer’s purchases.
- Convince management – The key considerations of this hardest part are
- Metrics and benchmarks
- Outside validation
- Small steps, quick wins
- Manage expectations
Don’t oversell, make the customers believe that the strategy is easy.
education ministry releases guidelines for parents to facilitate children’s home-based learning
The Union Education Ministry on Saturday released guidelines for parents and caregivers on how to provide support to children and facilitate their home-based learning at a time when schools are closed due to COVID-19 pandemic.
The guidelines emphasized the need for parents to create a safe, engaging and positive learning environment for children, have realistic expectations from them, take care of their health and ensure a healthy diet, and also have fun, a statement from the ministry said.
In a tweet, Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ said the ‘Guidelines for parent participation in home-based learning during school closure and beyond’ have been drafted “for parents and caregivers to provide information on the ‘why’, ‘what’ and ‘how-to’ of participation in supporting children during school closure, irrespective of literacy levels”.
“I strongly feel that a home is the first school and parents are the first teachers. In this pandemic, the role of parents is pivotal in the growth and learning of children,” he tweeted.
These guidelines are meant not only for parents but also for caregivers, other family members, grandparents, community members and other siblings in promoting the welfare of children.
The activities suggested in the guidelines are in accordance with the various stages of school education under National Education Policy 2020, the statement by the ministry said. Age-appropriate art activities have been categorized on basis of 5+3+3+4 system such as Foundation Stage(age 3 to 8years); Middle Stage(age 11 to 14 years); and secondary stage: From Adolescent to Adult (age 14-18 years). The activities are simple and suggestive, which can be adapted and adopted to local needs and contexts. The guidelines appreciate the role of art as a therapy for children under stress or trauma, the statement said.
“They (guidelines) also lay significance on improving children’s learning by monitoring and addressing their learning gaps.” Collaboration of parents with teachers in documenting and reflecting on the progress of children in their learning is important for both teachers and parents, the statement by the Education Ministry said. The guidelines also advise schools to involve parents by providing information and ideas on helping students with homework and other curriculum-related activities, decisions, planning and involving them in school decisions, it said.
Resources have been made available for children with special needs which may be explored by parents. A separate chapter has been included in the guidelines for supporting parents with low or no literacy. Schools, teachers and volunteers may take suggestive steps to provide support to parents who are not quite literate, the statement said.
Eduindex 
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