In our daily lifestyle our food practices and the tablets we consuming make our body toxified and increasing the amount of mucus in our body. these toxification
livers, kidneys and colons are the major organs which eliminates waste in our body
bad food habits, over stress, not eating at the right time and many more reason are the reasons makes people unhealthy
Intermittent fasting is one of the detoxification method which can be followed in day today life
Every company wants a hard working and goal oriented employee. Every organisation desires the results but what does employee desires? what is his/her goal.? An employee desires appraisal for his/her performance that he/she going to produce with the extra inputs employee going to produce.
Lets understand about appraisal of employees and needs of appraisal.
An employee performance appraisal is a process—often combining both written and oral elements—whereby management evaluates and provides feedback on employee job performance, including steps to improve or redirect activities as needed. Documenting performance provides a basis for pay increases and promotions. Appraisals are also important to help staff members improve their performance and as an avenue by which they can be rewarded or recognized for a job well done. In addition, they can serve a host of other functions, providing a launching point from which companies can clarify and shape responsibilities in accordance with business trends, clear lines of management-employee communication, and spur re-examinations of potentially hoary business practices. Yet Joel Myers notes in Memphis Business Journal that “in many organizations, performance appraisals only occur when management is building a case to terminate someone. It’s no wonder that the result is a mutual dread of the performance evaluation session—something to be avoided, if at all possible. This is no way to manage and motivate people. Performance appraisal is supposed to be a developmental experience for the employee and a ‘teaching moment’ for the manager.”
Lets look at goals of appraisal system.
While the term performance appraisal has meaning for most small business owners, it might be helpful to consider the goals of an appraisal system. They are as follows:
What are the types of appraisal and assesment terms.? Lets list them out
1.Traditional
2.Self Initiated reviews
3.Self appraisal
4.360⁰ feedback
In developing an appraisal system for a business, an entrepreneur needs to consider the following:
The law is important for a society for it serves as a norm of conduct for citizens. It was also made to provide for proper guidelines and order upon the behaviour for all citizens and to sustain the equity on the three branches of the government. It keeps the society running. Without law there would be chaos and it would be survival of the fittest and everyman for himself. Not an ideal lifestyle for most part.
The law is important because it acts as a guideline as to what is accepted in society. Without it there would be conflicts between social groups and communities. It is pivotal that we follow them. The law allows for easy adoption to changes that occur in the society.
Law is a successful medium or organization, instrumental in realizing the social change in the nation or any locale precisely. In this way, we revive our conviction that law has been crucial in presenting changes in the societal structure and connections and keeps on being so.
Law is an arrangement of principles and rules which are implemented through social establishments to oversee conduct, at every possible opportunity. It shapes governmental issues, financial matters, and society from numerous points of view and fills in as a middle social person of relations between individuals.
Laws provide a framework and rules to help resolve disputes between individuals. Laws create a system where individuals can bring their disputes before an impartial fact-finder, such as a judge or jury. There are also legal alternatives where individuals work together to find a solution, such as by using alternative dispute resolution (ADR). There are courts at every level, from local to federal, to decide who should win in a dispute.
Without laws, there would be no way to set standards. It is easy enough to see why murder and theft are crimes, but laws also provide a framework for setting many other kinds of standards. Without the Federal Code of Regulations, it would be difficult for individuals.
The law helps in protecting our freedoms. No one can cause harm or be a nuisance to the society because they will be going against the law. Everyone is encouraged to be a law-abiding citizen for peaceful co-existence in the society. Those who do practices that are not guided by the law and end up infringing other people’s rights are should be subjected to harsh penalties.
Having a girlfriend/boyfriend is not acceptable but marrying a complete stranger and having sex on very first night is acceptable???? This is our so called society mentality.
Because sex has become cheap, easy, and worst of all, meaningless. Why bother with anyone’s emotions or opinions when you don’t have to?
The traditional mindset portrays men, especially young men, as hormone-driven beasts incapable of controlling their masculine urges. Women are tasked with protecting their sexual castle from conquest by one of these beasts. They are raised and expected to say “no,” and the beasts are expected to pull all the tricks, up to manipulation, pressure, and even force, to get “in the castle.”
In the worst cases, societies will pressure, mistreat, or even oppress women in order to satisfy this mindset. If a woman is raped, it’s her fault: What did she expect from a beast? Societies lock up the women to ‘protect’ them from the beasts out there.
If a woman accuses a man of rape, before any investigation, he is immediately taken into police custody and can be harassed for days if the woman has a good lawyer. A large number of rape cases recorded in India have been found to be fake. On the other hand, if a live-in is considered as marriage and the man has forcible sex with the woman, she cannot do much given that marital rape is not illegal in India. Again, a large number of rape cases in India go unrecorded for one reason or another. Further, the legal course is riddled with obstacles and confusions when it comes to inheritance, alimony, and rights of children born from such relationships. Girls also have feelings their emotions, dreams to live their life as they wanted to.why anyone wants to rulled her life?
society should understand this that girls are not an instrument or a toy to play with it. so please change your so called mentality towards them !! Because a girl is also a human being, she also has the right to live her life on her own terms whether you accept or not but the truth is that girls are the most beautiful creatures of the god and we all have to accept what she really wants and what things make her more happy. whether being with a boy she loves and spend her whole life with him or go with the parents choice. Thats only and only her choice.
Because being in a relationship is her business not at all society’s business !
India had a record single-day surge of 24,879 Corona cases taking the cases to 7,67,296 on Thursday, with Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Delhi, Telangana, UP and Andhra Pradesh contributing to around 75 per cent of the new cases, according to the Union Health Ministry data.
The death toll climbed to 21,129 with 487 new deaths, the updated data at 8 am showed.
There have been 4,76,377 recovered cases, while there are 2,69,789 active cases of coronavirus infection in the country.
“Around 62.08 per cent of patients have recovered so far,” an official said.
The total number of confirmed cases included foreigners.
Of the 487 deaths reported in the last 24 hours, 198 are from Maharashtra, 64 from Tamil Nadu, 54 from Karnataka, 48 from Delhi, 23 from West Bengal, 18 from Uttar Pradesh, 16 from Gujarat, 12 from Andhra Pradesh, 11 from Telangana, 10 from Rajasthan, seven from Madhya Pradesh, six each from Jammu and Kashmir and Odisha, three each from Bihar, Uttarakhand, Punjab and Haryana and two from Assam.
India is seeing huge surge in cases with almost 20,000 to 25,000 new cases every day. The positive fact is that recovery rate is very good around 61 % and death rate is also nearly 4-5% .India is facing many tensions amid such pandemic ie border disputes with China, terrorist attacks from Pakistan as well as internal attacks from gangsters. But India would soon sort out things and pave way for world to recover from this crisis.
In a significant move on Wednesday, the Indian Army has asked its personnel to delete 89 applications from their smartphones including Facebook, TikTok, Truecaller, and Instagram to plug leakage of information, news agency ANI reported quoting Indian Army sources. It also put out a list of those applications that the Indian Army has asked its personnel to delete. The list includes the China-based applications that are already banned; other big names are Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, PUBG, Zoom, Daily Hunt, Tinder, Truecaller, Clash of Kings, Club Factory, Tumblr, Reddit.
The move was taken in wake of rising cyber crime hacks and information leaks due to some high risk apps, India is taking many strong actions against cyber crime and suspects on China for information leaks. The army personnels are requested to ban apps like snap chat, instagram ,pubg, we chat etc which are threat to army’s privacy.
India bans Chinese apps
In a big move last week, the Home Ministry banned 59 Chinese Apps including TikTok. The government said that it had received many complaints from various sources about the misuse of these apps for stealing and transmitting users’ data in an unauthorized manner to foreign servers.
As India banned the apps including TikTok, Chinese mouthpiece Global Times quoting sources said that the loss to the parent company – Beijing-based ByteDance could be as high as $6 billion. At the time that TikTok was taken down, it had approximately 370 million users on the Play Store, with a large majority of those coming from India
PM Modi Quits Chinese App
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on July 1 quit the Twitter-like Weibo account in China. The account, which posted messages in Chinese, removed all photos, posts and comments from the PM’s official handle. Reports stated that China had deleted ‘official Indian statements’, including PM Modi’s speech from the Indian embassy’s official account on WeChat – China’s popular social media app.
It is very necessary that we common people should stop using Chinese apps and products to promote Atmanirbhar Bharat.
SERVICES
Top clients
Kajaria
Khanna jewellers
Fun foods
Fortune – member of itc’s hotel group
Fortis
Air india
Address: 8, Madan St, Chandni Chawk, Bowbazar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700072
Phone: 033 4141 4142
Website: http://www.crayonad.com
2.ABC advertising
Advertising Bureau and Consultants has grown into a full service media agency with a creditable roster of clients since 70’s. It aims to provide services to both private and public sector clients. ABC is a one stop shop which provides customized solutions with its creativity, designing and planning .Their leading ideology is based on innovation.
SERVICES
Top clients
Godrej Properties
Ambuja Neotia
West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL)
Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC)
United Bank of India
National Highways Authority of India
Address: FD145, FD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106
Phone: 033 4007 5480
Email: info@abcadvertising.in
Website: http://www.abcadvertising.in
3.pearl enterprises
With the moto of good branding is good business their constant effort is to satisfy the clients and enable them to achieve their desired corporate image and business goals From full-service engagements to A la Carte services with their artistry knowledge and inventiveness
SERVICES
Address: 55 B, Mirza Ghalib St, Taltala, Kolkata, West Bengal 700016
Phone: 084205 30383
Email: info@pearlenterprises.in
Website: http://pearlenterprises.in
4. Bright Advertising Pvt Ltd.
Just like their brand name they have a bright vision and with a 40 years of experiance they aim to provide innovative and constructive brand marketing and public relations solutions help the clients, improve their sales and foster their growth.
SERVICES
Top clients
Kent
Panasonic
Patanjali
Whirpool
Samsung
Address: 156/A Lenin Sarani, Kolkata,India, Kolkata, West Bengal 700013
Phone: 033 2215 1422
Website: https://www.brightadvt.in
5. SAMPARK ADVERTISING & MEDIA PVT.
It is one of the finest Outdoor Advertising Companies in Kolkata & Eastern India, Headquartered in Esplanade, Kolkata established in 1995. If you wish to advertise your brand outdoors with full potent, you know whom to contact to.
SERVICES
To clients
ABP group
Star tv
Sony tv
Hsbc
Birla sunlife
Address: 9A, Esplanade East, Kolkata, West Bengal 700069
Phone: 098302 76087
E-mail : sampark.advertising@gmail.com
Website: http://www.sampark-advertising.com
6.TCP advertising
With the right tune, tone and empathy for brands TCP is serving it clients at its best since 1976. With a full-service agency it offers innovative, strategic creative solutuions to its clients by using both traditional and digital media.
SERVICES
Top clients
BSNL
ONGC
Allahabad bank
Indian oil
Address: TCP Advertising, Madan St, Chandni Chawk, Bowbazar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700072
Phone: 033 2212 7244
Email: info@tcpindia.net
Website: http://www.tcpindia.net
7. Zero Budget Agency
Here at zero budget they study your business goals and aspirations , customer, product and brand competition at near-zero media costs. Their objective is to connect brands with their specific audiences at near-zero production and media costs.
SERVICES
Top clients
Shree Venkatesh Films Pvt Ltd
Sureka Group
SVF Private Ltd
Address: 103, Tivoli Court Complex, Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019
Phone: 098309 58002
Email: talk@ZeroBudgetAgency.com
Website: http://zerobudgetagency.com
8. Pink Lemonade
It is a community of marketers, creators, artists, working on everything from brand design to print material , photography , digital marketing etc. With simplicity as a symbol of clarity right and playing with elements and leading edge designs they never fail to impress their clients.
Services
Address: 3/5 Jyotish Roy Road, New Alipore, Near Hindustan Sweets,, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053
Phone: 098450 00342
Website: www.pinklemonade.in
9. Blue antz advertising Pvt. Ltd.
As a significant creative ad agency of Kolkata ,they have always believed in making a difference by their strong research base while adapting to innovative approaches for each brand ,creating striking advertisements, adapting unique branding strategies and they aim to grow bigger and better each day .
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Top clients
Philips
Rupa
Swissotel
Address –Trinyani plaza 36A/1 Purbachal kalitala Road, Ground Floor, Kolkata – 700099
Contact – +91 33 2484 5134
Email –bluant.mail@gmail.com
10. Pressman Advertising Ltd.
India’s one of the leading independent full service advertising agencies with wide capabilities and a substantial reputation built over more than four decades. Their mission is to create competitive advantages for their clients, enhancing brand values and enriching client equity.
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Address: Pressman House, 10A, Lee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020
Phone: 033 4031 0815
Email: Kolkata@pressmanindia.com
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Mental load, also sometimes called emotional labor, is having lots of things on your mind. It’s having to remember to pick up eggs, to label your kid’s PE kit, to plan the Christmas shopping, to buy and make dinners for the week, to read the communications from school—the list goes on. Even if you ask someone else to buy eggs, it’s you then checking that the eggs were in fact bought. It’s essentially project management. And when it’s at work, that’s what we call it. Project management. Or just management. It’s a whole job. Yet when it’s at home, we call it, well, we don’t really have a word for it.
But if someone you live with ever says to you, ‘I don’t know why you’re upset you had to tidy up the house. You should have asked for help’, guess what? You’re the one who has to ask. You’re the project manager. You’re the one carrying the mental load.
Of course there are lots of kinds of households but at my company, Koru Kids, 97% of our users are moms. We recently did a study of our users, sending an experienced ethnographer to their homes for three weeks to observe their lives. Our ethnographer saw how moms generally take the strain of the mental well-being of the whole family on their shoulders.
Before I get there, I apologize for assuming here a traditional two-parent family; my hat goes off to single parents, you are true heroes.)
Mental load might not be the biggest issue governing women’s equality around the world. But it is a widespread issue affecting all sorts of families, rich and poor, working, middle, upper class, of all ethnicities, religions and backgrounds. We can make home life so much fairer.
The coronavirus has spread rapidly in India since the relaxation of lockdown. The vaccine is being searched to combat this. In this episode, the Indian company has launched the US medicine in the Indian market. Whose name is Remedesivir. But you would not know that this is a generic version of the drug.
Indian giant Cipla has prepared a new version of Rame Desivir. Which has been made available for sale in the Indian market. The price of this medicine is very low in the world. The company has set a target of supplying 80,000 drugs in the first phase. Cipla has said in his statement that the price of 100 mg vial (vial) has been fixed at Rs 4,000.
Cipla had said that the price of this medicine will be kept low. After this statement of the company, it was believed that the common man can easily buy medicine. Because the company had said that the price per 10 mg vial is going to be less than Rs 5,000. The company’s VP and CEO Nikhil Chopra said in an e-mail statement that we are proud to commercially launch Cipremi today. Its price is quite low at the global level. We intend to supply more than 80,000 medicines across the country in the first month.
In view of the pandemic situation, on June 1, 2010, the Indian drug regulating authority, the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) granted the marketing authorisation to Gilead Sciences’ anti-viral drug remdesivir injection 5 mg/mL and remdesivir lyophilised powder for injection 100 mg for the treatment of suspected or laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and children hospitalised with severe disease. And the DCGI has approved it for “restricted emergency use” as well.
Mike Pompeo, the U.S. Secretary of State, has said that the country is contemplating to ban Chinese apps which include the majorly popular app, TikTok. Having said that, he also has mentioned how TikTok has caused security breaches by sharing information with the Chinese government. The app has experienced massive growth all over the world and now this statement by the Secretary of State could cause a major blow to the app.
On being asked a question which was on the lines of recommending users to download TikTok, Mike Pompeo replied saying, ‘ Only if you want your private information in the hands of the Chinese Communist Party. ‘
This is definitely not the first time the TikTok has received a backlash on how this particular app is responsible for relaying information of a particular country back to China, India too has made the same allegations recently.
The ban may be seen in coming week after India had raised questions against The Chinese apps for sharing information with other servers located outside India. This can be huge blow to TikTok company after its ban in India.Now, U.S. lawmakers are also of the same opinion that the app definitely has some serious security concerns that should not be overlooked at any cost. Chinese laws also need domestic companies ‘to support and cooperate with intelligence work controlled by the Chinese Communist Party.’ The U.S government has now made it very clear that the citizens of the country should be wary of the app.
The Chinese based app, which is owned by ByteDance, was asked to clarify the statements that stated the security concerns, to which it had completely denied the same. ‘We have no higher priority than promoting a safe and secure app experience for our users. We have never provided user data to the Chinese government, nor would we do so if asked,’ TikTok has mentioned in the email it has sent.
It has now created a safe distance from its Chinese roots hoping to calm the global uproar it has created. In the case of the U.S., it is still unclear if the sole reason behind the thought of banning this app is purely based on security concerns.
Coronavirus cases are increasing across the country. There is a continuous effort to make a vaccine for this disease. But its changing symptoms have created new problems. According to reports, doctors at Chest and King Koti hospitals in Hyderabad have issued a medical report. In which new symptoms of coronavirus have been reported.
There are many symptoms like headache,fever ,difficulty in breathing etc which can show if you are infected with corona. The officials say that the virus is modifying itself according to change in seasons. The virus is extremely dangerous and is making it almost unpredictable with new researches discoveries in almost every week.
The 3 new symptoms which are added are:
1.Diarrhea
2.Eye drops
3.vomiting or nausea
A person is considered to be corona infected when exposed to common symptoms of coronavirus such as dry cough, fever, and breathlessness. However, now the initial symptoms in corona infected patients are reported to be diarrhea, headache, and vomiting, due to which the treatment of patients is delayed. At the same time, doctors say that if someone is suffering from diarrhea, headache, and vomiting, then they should get their corona test done.
Virus changing its structure according to weather.
Doctors say that the coronavirus is changing its genomics structure according to the seasons. A report quoted a senior doctor as saying that due to the changing weather, the virus is now attacking the gastrointestinal tract rather than the lungs. If a person is in this condition, he may have symptoms such as weakness, low oxygen, low blood pressure, low sugar, and sudden faintness.
The fatal symtoms of corona virus infection are:
–
Chills
– Headache
– Don’t smell
– Lack of taste
– Muscle ache
to have a sore throat
– Shortness of breath
MS Dhoni’s manager Mihir Diwakar has clarified that the wicketkeeper batsman does not seem to be harbouring thoughts of retirement as of now. The former India captain, who has not played any form of cricket since India’s World Cup exit last year, turned 39 on Tuesday.
His manager and childhood friend Mihir Diwakar, while speaking to PTI, gave a peek into the trailblazer’s reclusive life at his home in Ranchi.
“Patriotism is in his blood, be it serving for the country (in defence) or (farming) the land, he’s very passionate about it. He has about 40-50 acres of farm land and he is busy growing organic crops like papaya, banana there,” Diwakar said.
The wicketkeeper-batsman was expected to be back in action at the IPL but that has been postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.He was recently seen driving a tractor during the lockdown. Diwakar said they are soon going to launch their organic fertiliser under their company’s name Neo Global.
He said the fertiliser is being tested at Dhoni’s farm. Dhoni recently spoke about the harmful impact of pesticides in a video to promote organic farming. “We have a team of experts and scientists and they have developed the fertiliser and it should be launched within two-three months,” Diwakar said.”I spoke to him past midnight. It was a normal business talk. As usual, Dhoni would be at home with his family, with a quiet birthday celebration.”
Asked whether retirement has crossed Dhoni’s mind, Diwakar said: “Being friends, we don’t talk about his cricket. But looking at him, he’s not all thinking about retirement.”He is very determined to play the IPL. He has worked really hard for this. If you remember he was there in Chennai one month in advance before everything was shut down,” he pointed out.
“He is very determined to play the IPL. He has worked really hard for this. If you remember he was there in Chennai one month in advance before everything was shut down,” he pointed out.
“He has maintained his fitness regimen at his farmhouse and will start practice after the lockdown is lifted. Everything now depends on how fast the situation returns to normalcy,” he concluded.
Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. While regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving performance.
The greatest challenge of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up and putting in your reps is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly overlook small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement.
This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to transform repeated behaviors into automatic habits. For example, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence automatically. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.
Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. Too often, we assume we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In reality, we are merely reinforcing our current habits—not improving them.
Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world
Deliberate practice always follows the same pattern: break the overall process down into parts, identify your weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate your learning into the overall process.
Consider the following example:
Basketball: Consider the following example from Aubrey Daniels, “Player A shoots 200 practice shots, Player B shoots 50. The Player B retrieves his own shots, dribbles leisurely and takes several breaks to talk to friends. Player A has a colleague who retrieves the ball after each attempt. The colleague keeps a record of shots made. If the shot is missed the colleague records whether the miss was short, long, left or right and the shooter reviews the results after every 10 minutes of practice. To characterize their hour of practice as equal would hardly be accurate. Assuming this is typical of their practice routine and they are equally skilled at the start, which would you predict would be the better shooter after only 100 hours of practice?
Perhaps the greatest difference between deliberate practice and simple repetition is this: feedback. Anyone who has mastered the art of deliberate practice has developed methods for receiving continual feedback on their performance.
Humans have a remarkable capacity to improve their performance in nearly any area of life if they train in the correct way. This is easier said than done.
Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration. The people who master the art of deliberate practice are committed to being lifelong learners—always exploring and experimenting and refining.
Deliberate practice is not a magic pill, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and commitment, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite alluring: to get the most out of what you’ve got.
A thing to remember always is that if you don’t climb the cliff you won’t ever be able to see the view from top up there all you can see would be a view from the ground and the key to climb that tree is only through practise, the longer you persist it the more you would grow in terms of success.
Instagram’s new feature Reels were in testing for some time now and now as the TikTok took an exit from India, Facebook-owned Instagram has rolled out their new Reels feature which allows user to shoot 15-second videos. The feature now arrives in India. This is good opportunity for reels to attract short video lovers as its demand has grown in the country.
many short video apps such as Roposo, Mitron, Chingari, Sharechat, and others are becoming more popular among users and seeing millions of downloads every day.Facebook is also all set to use this opportunity to attract 200 million TikTok users to Reels.
Reels is just a new feature on Instagram and users in India are loving this new feature which is just like TikTok.
How to use Instagram Reels?
Step 1: Update your Instagram on Google Play
Step 2: Open the Instagram Camera
Step 3: Reels option is available next to boomerang, Superzoom, hands-free, and layout.
Step 4: Click on Reels and select audio from the Instagram Music library.
Step 5: Reels also come with an option to record original voice besides lip-syncing.
Step 6: Reels also let users add AR effects and provide options like Timer, Speed to edit videos as required before sharing. Reels also let users re-record a video and even delete it if needed.
Step 7: After creating their Reel, users can choose to share it with either their followers or everyone on Instagram. Reels can be shared to Feed as well as Explore so everyone on Instagram can view it.
Reels also feature several AR effects allowing users to add a custom touch to their videos. To put AR effects in their videos, users can open Reels camera and go to effects and then AR effects.
Users will also be able to record multiple 15 seconds Reels – it can also be recorded at once and the different effects can be added to each clip post the shoot. The Reels can also be reviewed, deleted, and re-recorded.
Authors, in todays world authors are considered as minor celebrities. Most of the best seller authors are usually in fame for a short period of time after which they are lost to obscurity. Yet there are some with writings of such epic proportions that they are still celebrated as influential authors by many. One such author was the world’s first author, and despite such a feat not much is known about her by the general populace. 4,300 years ago, in ancient Sumer, the most powerful person in the city of Ur was banished to wander the vast desert. Her name was Enheduanna, a high priestess and the world’s first author. And by the time of her exile, she had written forty-two hymns and three epic poems— and Sumer hadn’t heard the last of her. Who was this woman, and why was she exiled?
Enheduanna lived 1700 years before Sappho, 1500 years before Homer and about 500 years before the biblical patriarch Abraham. Born in Mesopotamia, her birthplace was one of the first cities and cultures to have emerged in the world. Her father was King Sargon the Great, history’s first empire builder who conquered the independent city states and was often seen as somewhat of a foreign invader by the Sumerian cities of the south. Thus, to bridge the gap between the cultures, Sargon appointed his only daughter, Enheduanna, as high priestess. Female royalty was traditionally given religious roles, and she was educated to read and write in both Sumerian and Akkadian and make mathematical calculations. The worlds first writing started in Sumer as a system of accounting, allowing merchants to communicate over long distances with traders abroad. This pictogram system of record keeping developed into a script about 300 years before Enheduanna’s birth. But until Enheduanna, this writing mostly took the form of record keeping and transcription, rather than original works attributable to individual writers. As high priestess, she oversaw hundreds of temple workers, interpreted their dreams and set about unifying the older Sumerian culture with the new Akkadian civilisation. To accomplish this feat, she wrote 42 religious hymns that combined both mythologies. Since each Mesopotamian city was thought to be ruled by a patron deity, her hymns were dedicated to the ruling of each major city. In her writing she humanized the once aloof gods- now they suffered, fought, loved and responded to human pleading. Enheduanna’s most valuable literary contribution is said to her poetry dedicated to Inanna, the goddess of war and desire. Her odes to Inanna, mark the first time an author used the pronoun “I” and the first-time writing was used to explore deep, private emotions. After the death of king Sargon, a power-hungry general took advantage to the power vacuum to stage a coup. As a powerful member of the ruling family, naturally Enheduanna was targeted, thus the general exiled her from Ur. Her nephew, the legendary Sumerian king Naram- Sin, ultimately crushed the rebellion and restored his aunt as the high priestess. She died after serving as high priestess for 40 years. After her death she was regarded as a minor deity and her poetry was copied, studied and performed throughout the empire. Her poems influenced the Hebrew Old Testament, the epics of Homer and Christian Hymns.
Today, Enheduanna’s legacy still exists on clay tablets that have stood the testaments of time. To end lets celebrate a quote of Enheduanna herself “With your strength, my lady teeth can crush flint”.
Eduindex 
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