Book Review of The Kite Runner – A book by Khaled Hosseini

Talking about the author, Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan. Hosseini is currently a Goodwill Envoy for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Here is a book review of The Kite Runner which was published in the year 2003.

The unforgettable and heartbreaking story of the improbable friendship between a wealthy boy and the son of his father’s servant, The Kite Runner is a beautifully crafted novel set in a country about to be destroyed. It is about the power of reading, the price of betrayal, and the possibility of salvation; and an exploration of the power of parents over children: their love, their sacrifices, their lies.

A sweeping tale of family, love, and friendship advised in opposition to the devastating backdrop of the records of Afghanistan during the last thirty years, The Kite Runner is an uncommon and effective novel that has to turn out to be a beloved, one-of-a-type classic.

The book gave a good cry to so many people with the brilliant writing and the emotions it holds. There was from praising all around the world.

“An astonishing, powerful book.”
—Diane Sawyer

“This powerful first novel, by an Afghan physician now living in California, tells a story of fierce cruelty and fierce yet redeeming love…In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini gives us a vivid and engaging story that reminds us how long his people have been struggling to triumph over the forces of violence – forces that continue to threaten them even today.”
—The New York Times Book Review

“Like Gone with the Wind, this extraordinary first novel locates the personal struggles of everyday people in the terrible sweep of history.”
—People

“Poignant…The Kite Runner offers a moving portrait of modern Afghanistan, from its pre-Russian-invasion glory days through the terrible reign of the Taliban.”
—Entertainment Weekly (Grade: A)

“A marvelous first novel… an incredible story of the culture. It’s an old-fashioned kind of novel that really sweeps you away.”
—San Francisco Chronicle

“A powerful book…no frills, no nonsense, just hard, spare prose…an intimate account of family and friendship, betrayal and salvation that requires no atlas or translation to engage and enlighten us. Parts of The Kite Runner are raw and excruciating to read, yet the book in its entirety is lovingly written.”
—The Washington Post Book World

“The Kite Runner, Hosseini’s first novel, is more than just good writing. It is also a wonderfully conjured story that offers a glimpse into an Afghanistan most Americans have never seen, and depicts a side of humanity rarely revealed.”
—The Philadelphia Inquirer

A gripping and moving story of betrayal and redemption, The Kite Runner moved me at the same time it tells the story of Amir and Hassan, closest friends, as well as brothers. The two boys lived in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, and that year they tried harder than ever to win the local kite fighting tournament, a popular Afghan pastime, and this is Amir’s only hope of winning his father’s race.

But as dragons fight in the sky, war comes to Afghanistan and the country becomes an extremely dangerous place.

People are frequently compelled to make huge sacrifices in conflict, and the young Amir himself commits a betrayal, directed at his best friend Hassan, that will plague him for the rest of his life. Amir and his father are forced to flee Afghanistan for America, and The Kite Runner becomes the story of Amir’s redemption quest – righting the wrongs he committed as a boy in Afghanistan.

The novel is fast-paced and never dull, and it brought me to a weird, interesting, yet oddly familiar world – the world of Afghan life. Not only is the story itself brilliantly constructed, but the book also explores the very art of storytelling.

Hosseini’s writing strikes a great balance between being clear and yet powerful, and not only is the story itself brilliantly constructed, but the book also explores the very art of storytelling.

The best aspect of the kite runner, in my opinion, is its sense of fate and justice, of good triumphing over evil in the end, despite all odds. Without giving anything away about the plot, Amir returns to Afghanistan and makes a new series of sacrifices in order to put things right.

The book’s closing chapter is possibly my favorite, and I’ve found it moving even after revisiting it.

The message underlying the finale could be perceived differently by different readers, but I believe it offers a glimmer of hope for the characters’ futures, as well as perhaps for war-torn Afghanistan.

This beautiful, moving novel deals with complex adult issues about religion, prejudice, forgiveness, and the nature of “goodness.”

What You Can Learn from Anne Frank’s Diary

A 13-year-old girl who was introduced through her relatable chapter about teachers was how I remembered Anne Frank before reading her diary. I still remember her phrase, “Teachers are the most unpredictable creatures in this World” because it was the funniest and most truthful statement that I had ever come across in my grade-school life. But it wasn’t until recently, years later, when I decided to give a shot at reading the complete diary of Anne Frank. And let me tell me, it totally wowed me away.

Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1929. She was a Jew and her full name was Annelise Marie Frank. On her 13^th birthday, her father Otto Frank gifted her a diary as a birthday gift. However, this diary became a place of solace and the chronicles of German-Nazi events as recorded by Anne Frank when she went into hiding with her family from the German Nazi in ‘Secret Annexe’. (1942- 1944). She died in 1945 after her family was captured by the Nazis and later killed in Holocaust. Her father Otto Frank, who was the last survivor, discovered Anne’s diary and decided to publish it.

Anne’s diary carries her confessions, philosophies, and convictions. The beginning of her diary starts on a casual note as Anne confesses her emotions to her diary ‘Kitty. She talks about her social life, crushes, and school. However, these entries change once she goes into hiding with her family and admits her worries, faults, anxiety, and ideas that she faces in the ‘Secret Annex’. Her thoughts are profound and simple, exploring the tiniest details of life and her longing for the joys and sorrows of ordinary life.

When I first read her complete diary, there were many instances where I was shooked by her maturity and thoughtfulness, and there were moments where I sympathized, related, and longed for life with her. What was more intriguing for me was how the thoughts that I began to have when I was 18 were the thoughts that Anne had at the age of 13. Her keen observations about life and herself made me realize so many things that I was blind to before. There were instances where I found her childish side and there were instances where I saw the grown-up in her. At each stage she made me feel for her and her philosophies.

So here is a short compilation of her profound thoughts that I have picked for you. I hope you can learn and appreciate life and people the way Anne did, and maybe get a bit more curious about this girl and decide to grab her diary to explore more of her life and thoughts.

At such moments I don’t think about all the misery, but about the beauty that still remains. This is where Mother and I differ greatly. Her advice in the face of melancholy is: “Think about all the suffering in the world and be thankful you’re not part of it.” My advice is: “Go outside, to the country, enjoy the sun and all nature has to offer. Go outside and try to recapture the happiness within yourself; think of all the beauty in yourself and in everything around you and be happy.

We aren’t allowed to have any opinions. People can tell you to keep your mouth shut, but it doesn’t stop you from having your own opinion. Even if people are still very young, they shouldn’t be prevented from saying what they think.

How noble and good everyone could be if, every evening before falling asleep, they were to recall to their minds the events of the whole day and consider exactly what has been good and bad. Then without realizing it, you try to improve yourself at the start of each new day.

As long as this exists, this sunshine and this cloudless sky, and as long as I can enjoy it, how can I be sad?

I soothe my conscience now with the thought that it is better for hard words to be on paper than that Mummy should carry them in her heart.

Because paper has more patience than people.

TIPS TO STICK TO A HABIT

1. USE REINFORCEMENT

As humans, when we get rewarded we tend to repeat the same thing because we want rewards, but when we get failure or pain from something we tend not to perform it for the second time again.

The thing explained above is a universal truth, but hard habits do not reward us that early, it requires time and patience and also a lot of discipline and that’s why very few of us stick with those habits. So the solution here is using rewards for motivation and encouragement so you will repeat the behaviour.

2. NEVER MISS A WORK TWICE

Its normal to miss one day or taking a rest for one day because after all we human beings need rest and we love to rest than to do certain things continuously ,but we shouldn’t miss the work twice.

When you miss continuously for two three days a new habit or to be specific procrastination develops which is highly destructive and can make all efforts that you have put in worthless, so after having a rest day try to come back again quickly.

3. TRACK YOU HABIT

Tracking habit will give you inner peace and satisfaction. And most importantly you will get the much needed motivation to keep continuing the task.

4. REMEMBER WHY YOU STARTED.

We human being easily get diverted. Many times it becomes very difficult to keep us on track and to the habit.

In such cases we should try to imagine the end result of the work, or we should remember why we started that particular work. Make the subconscious mind aware about it. Whenever you get diverted immediately bring the end result in front of your eyes.

Genghis Khan: The Universal Ruler

Genghis Khan, originally known as Temujin, is known today as the man who established the largest land empire known in history. He had united the various nomadic tribes in Mongolia, and then went on to conquer huge parts of central Asia and China. Even after his death, his descendants expanded the empire to much greater lengths up to places like Poland, Vietnam, Syria and Korea. At their peak, the Mongols controlled around 12 million square miles of land. This is an area around the size of Africa, all controlled by a single empire. In contrast, the Roman empire was only about half the size of the USA. Hence, it is evident that Genghis Khan was a legendary ruler and is remembered well by history, but he is also regarded as the very avatar of savagery and barbarism.

The Rise of Genghis Khan

Temujin, later Genghis Khan, was born around 1162 near the border of Mongolia and Siberia. At that time, many nomadic tribes in the central Asian steppes were constantly fighting and killing each other, and life for Temujin was violent and unpredictable. Before turning even 10 years of age, his father was poisoned to death by an enemy clan and his own clan had deserted him and his family. Following this, Temujin killed his older half-brother and took over the reins as the head of his abandoned and poverty-stricken family. He soon began making alliances, building a reputation as a warrior and attracting a growing number of followers. Most of what we know about Genghis Khan’s childhood comes from “The Secret History of the Mongols,” the oldest known work of Mongolian history and literature. Going against custom, Temujin preferred to put competent allies rather than relatives in important positions in his tribe. He also executed the leaders of enemy tribes, and incorporated the remaining members into his clan. By 1205, Temujin had vanquished all his rivals.

The Establishment of an Empire

Temujin thereby became the leader of a Mongol confederation consisting of all the tribes and territories that he had united. He established a nation similar in size to modern Mongolia, and was also proclaimed Chinggis Khan, which roughly translates to ‘Universal Ruler,’ a name that has now become bastardized to be known as Genghis Khan. After this, he started his conquests outside of Mongolia and garnered his brutal reputation through continuous invasions. Genghis Khan’s first campaign outside of Mongolia took place against the Xi Xia kingdom of north-western China, after which went to war against the Khwarazm Empire in present-day Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Iran. He gradually expanded the borders of the Mongol Empire over the years of his reign, and many surrounding empires had started becoming wary of the Mongol threat. Genghis Khan also had an extensive network of spies which used to detect his enemy’s weaknesses, and made use of advanced military equipment like catapults and mangonels while attacking large cities. By 1227, the Khan had conquered much of Central Asia and made incursions into Eastern Europe, Persia, and India.

It is important to highlight here that it was not only because of his aggressive invasions and warfare that he was successful, but also because of his administrative capabilities. For example, he forbade the selling and kidnapping of women, banned enslavement and torture, and made livestock theft punishable by death. Moreover, he ordered the adoption of a writing system, conducted a regular census, granted diplomatic immunity to foreign ambassadors and allowed freedom of religion and protection within his empire.

The Fall of Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan eventually died in 1227, at the age of 65. But there is a lot of mystery and uncertainty surrounding his death. Some stories suggest that he died from injuries sustained after falling from his horse, while others suggest it was while he was trying to put down a rebellion in China. Furthermore, the final resting place of the Khan is unknown, as he wanted his death to be a secret.

Regardless, Genghis Khan conquered more than twice as much land as any other person in history, bringing Eastern and Western civilizations into contact in the process. Though he has a unfavourable reputation because of all the killing, plunder and rape he had caused, one cannot deny that he is among the greatest, if not the greatest conqueror in history.

Greed vs Generosity: Which Gives a Better Competitive Advantage?

Many people think that in the professional world, selfishness and greed are the characteristics that pay dividends. But the truth is, excepting win-lose situations, that the most successful people in the medium and long term are those who are the most generous in their business and personal lives.

Ambition is a desire to take on more than you can realistically accomplish, to constantly strive for improvement, to grow both personally and professionally, and, of course, the desire to generate more income. However there comes a time when ambition crosses a line, and when that happens it becomes greed. Greed is the desire to chew more than you can eat, a desire that distracts you from realistically possible goals. Greed is wanting to get more than what you have actually earned, obtaining maximum profit at minimum cost, or as an old adage has it: “Grasp all, lose all.”

Today there is an abundance of courses and books on finance, limitless knowledge on hand with a simple click. But to know what is right, to subdue the pirates of greed and to follow your trading plan- this is another story. People who look for easy money invariably find that there is no such thing, paying a heavy price for this lesson. Ego, vanity, and revenge play a part, causing people to fail on their trading accounts. This is one of the factors that explains why people might not fall into the exclusive 10% that ‘win’, and find themselves one of the 90% that lose.

Literature and film are full of greedy and stingy characters, and the moral of films like ‘A Christmas Carol’ or ‘The Wolf of Wall Street’ is always the same: the fate of the greedy is heartbreaking. Their addiction to work means that they live a lonely life, and their search for wealth means that at the end of their lives, they have only the sober memory of their friends from the Stock Exchange.

GIVE AND TAKE

People do not realize that giving without expecting something in return could be a competitive advantage, as well as making ones outlook more positive. Studies have shown that the most successful people are generous. At least this is the affirmation of Adam Grant, a psychologist and professor at Wharton and author of “Give and Take”.

A generous person builds bigger and stronger networks, improves communication with their existing contacts, and also finds it easier to interact with people outside of their core network- this gives them access to new contacts and valuable sources of information. Generous people inspire in others a predisposition, or positive receptivity, to reconnect with them, as well as a greater willingness to collaborate.

Moreover, being a giver encourages persistence because givers are able to enthusiastically motivate people, inspiring confidence, because they are liberal with praise. They create a generally positive environment. Talent is important, but the most important factor in success is persistence. And what’s even more interesting is that being a giver has an energizing effect that increases levels of happiness.

According to Bill Williams, famous trader and writer of “Trading Chaos”, people with a ‘giving’ mindset enjoy more happiness and success. For example, later in his career Bill always traded two accounts, one for himself and one for his charities. The charity account always made more money, even though he traded using the same method with both accounts. In the charity account he never veered from his strategy, while in his own account he would sometimes take a trade based on a “feel”, or get in a trade before the actual signal. This shows us the importance of sticking to a plan, but also the importance of being a ‘giver’.

Giving distracts us from our problems, adds meaning to our lives and helps us feel valued by others. This explains why avidity and egoism are the trader’s worst enemy. Having a benevolent mindset while trading helps the trader to increase performance. Happy people earn more money on average, score higher yields, make better decisions and contribute more to their organizations. Furthermore, traders who are givers are at the top of the most successful trading operations.

THE GREED EFFECT

Focusing only on money results in the ‘greedy effect’, something that all professional traders know. In fact, one of the most common pieces of (rarely followed) advice that newbies receive is to shift their focus from trade results to the trading process, analyzing and following the rules of their trading system. Another suggestion is to start reasoning in pips and ticks instead of dollars. This reduces the greedy mindset and develops a more reliable attitude.

However we can make a further effort to improve our performance by shifting our focus to be more generous. One example is trading for charitable purposes like the aforementioned Bill Williams, another could be simply committing a small part of your monthly or annual profit to microcredits, which promote a world of stability and self-sufficiency, key to overcoming poverty.

Material things can be recovered, but feelings of guilt, helplessness and loneliness cannot be solved with money. If humans would be more understanding of and generous to others, the world would be a very different place. And that is why those who practice generosity, making it part of their daily lives, experience an uplifting of their mental and emotional state, and are generally filled with more satisfaction in their professional and personal lives.

In conclusion, we see that generous people are the most successful in their daily trading performance for the reasons described above. Having a giving mindset helps professionals become part of that exclusive group, the 10% of winners.

AMBITION

“The starting point of all achievement is desire.” —Napoleon Hill

One needs to aim for the sky, to achieve as much as a mountain in the bargain Success in life comes only to those who are ready to work hard for the same. The key to success is to have an aim in life and the earlier you attain this aim, the better.

In spite of all the new options in today’s times, there are those age-old professions that are a favourite with most of the youngsters all the time. These include, the profession of a doctor, an engineer and that of a teacher or an advocate. I too, wanted to be part of one of these noble professions. If my memory proves me right, I always wanted to be a teacher. What is exciting about teaching is that this is one of the few professions where you are actually dealing with living beings. To make a difference to a child’s life or to positively influence a child in such a way as to bring about good change, is a great achievement in itself. Somewhere, along the path, we are also the product of the reinforcements made by our parents and teachers, one way or the other.

However, even our Puranas reinstate that the teacher or the guru’ comes above God. The reason being that teacher is the person who shows you the way to God, or teaches you, what God is all about. So, if the enlightenment of God and the things around you comes from one particular force, then that is the person to be revered, first.

The responsibility being immense, it’s not an easy job either. If the young minds have to look forward to you as a source of knowledge, then you need to be one. With the quantum of knowledge increasing day by day, it’s a difficult task to keep abreast of the upcoming information. Apart from all this, what is more important in this profession is whole hearted dedication and willingness to work beyond the restrictions of time and assigned duties.

With all this view in mind, I would like to pursue my ambition to be a teacher. It’s anyhow of least importance to assert which subject I would specialize in because subject is not as important, as to know, how to effectively teach it. Be it Maths. English or Science, to develop a flair and love for the subject is a teacher’ s greatest challenge. A bad teacher can always generate an aversion towards the subject in the minds of the children, just by not giving the subject a proper treatment. My ultimate aim would be to be such a teacher who would make a difference in the lives of young minds and bring about their overall development.

TIPS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING

1. ACT CONFIDENTLY

Move towards the stage with energy and enthusiasm and deeply breath for few seconds. Look towards your audience straight in the eyes, and begin to talk as confidently as if every one of them owed you money. Imagine that they do. Acting confidently will help you gain some confidence and its better than talking nervously.

2. CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC WISELY

Your topic is the major factor of the success of your talk. Choose that topic which you feel most earnest and enthusiastic about, because if you feel confidently about your topic then only you can deliver a good speech. For example I like sports and book and I will talk about them.

3. INCLUDE YOUR AUDIENCE

Make the audience a part of your speech, because then only they will attentively listen to you and will eagerly wait for what you have to say. And the best way to do that is by asking simple question that the audience can easily answer.

4. FIRST SPEAK TO YOUR FRIENDS

Before speaking directly to audience, rehearse that topic by actually speaking in front of someone like your friend or your family member. This will help you to become more confident about your topic and also it will help to learn what you have missed in your talk through your friend.

Conversion to Islam and Marital Rights

Introduction

Muslim law applies to-
1) Mohammedans by birth, as well as to,.

2) Mohammedans by conversion.

A non-muslim , who has attained majority and is of sound mind may embrace Islam in any of two modes:-

a) He may simply declare that he believes in the oneness of God and the Prophetic character of Mohammad,or

b) He may go to a mosque, to a person who is well versed in Islamic theology (Alim), where he utters Kalma (Lailaha-ill-Allah Muham-mad-ur Rasoolullah) before Imam, whereupon he is given a muslim name by the Imam. It is however, necessary that the conversion must be bona fide; the Court will not permit any one to commit a fraud upon the law by pretending to be a covert Islam in order to elude te personal law by which he is bound .

In Rikhya Bibi v. Anil Kumar , a hindu women accepted Islam in order to get rid of her Hindu husband, who was impotent. It was held that her conversion to Islam was colourable and was effected with the intent to commit a fraud upon the law, and was therefore invalid and ineffective.

Conversion to Islam and Marital Rights

According to Muslim Law, a distinction, is made between conversion to Islam of one of the spouses when such conversion takes place-
1) In a country subject to Muslim Law, and

2) In a country where the Law of Islam is not the law of the land

In the first case, when one of the parties embraces Islam, he should offer Islam to the other spouse , and of the latter refuses, the marriage can be dissolved. In the second case, the marriage is automatically dissolved after the lapse of a period of three months after the adoption of Islam by one of the spouses. The courts in India do not administer the laws of any particular community but they administer such laws as are valid in India. Muslim Laws is administered only in those cases where it happens to be the law of India and where the parties are muslims. In India , the spouse who has become a convert to Islam can sue for divorce or a declaration of dissolution of the marriage on the ground that the other spouse has refused to adopt the Muslim religion. It has been held in Pakistan that a marriage of a Hindu married woman on her conversion in British India to Islam should be regarded as dissolved on the completion of three of her monthly couses without any decree or order of the court.

In Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India, the Supreme Court has held that the second marriage of a Hindu husband after conversion to Islam without having his first marriage dissolved under law would be invalid. The second marriage would be void in terms of the provision of Section 494, IPC and the apostate husband would be guilty of the offence under Section 494 of IPC.

In Lily Thomas v. Union of India, the Supreme Court has observed that if hindu wife files a complaint for the offence of bigamy under Section 494, IPC on the ground that, during subsistence of marriage her husband had married a second wife under the other religion after converting to that religion, the offence of bigamy pleaded by her would have to be investigated and tried in accordance with the provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act. Since under Hindu Marriage Act, a bigamous marriage is prohibited and has been constituted as an offence under Section 17 of the Act, any marriage solemnized by the husband during the subsistence of that marriage in spite of his conversion to another religion, would be an offence under Section 17 of the Hindu Marriage Act read with Section 494 of IPC. Change of religion does not dissolve the marriage performed under the Hindu Marriage Act between two hindus. Apostasy does not bring to an end the civil obligation or matrimonial bond but it is a ground for divorce under Section 13 as well as ground for judicial separation under Section 10 of Hindu Marriage Act.

Conversion to Islam and Rights of Inheritance

In the absence of a custom to the contrary, in case of a Hindu converts to Islam, succession and inheritance are governed by Mohammedan Law and not by Hindu law.

Where a Hindu, who had a Hindu wife and children, embraced Islam and married a Muslim woman and had children by her,his property would pass on his death to his Muslim wife and children and not to his Hindu wife or children because under Muslim Law, a Hindu cannot succeed to the estate of a Muslim.

Effects of conversion to Islam

The legal consequences that follow by conversion, may be summarised as under:

1) The religion of Islam is substituted for the previous religion of the convert to Islam, with so much of the personal law as necessarily follows from that religion;

2) The rights and status of the convert become subject to the Mohammedan law;

3) His apostasy (abandonment of religion) has an immediate and prospective effect, from the moment of the conversion and is not retrospective;

4) Conversion of the both spouse, without any intention to commit fraud upon the law, will have the effect to altering the rights incidental to marriage, but this question was left undecided by the Privy Council in Skinner v. Orde.

5) Succession to the estate of a convert is governed by Muslim Law.

Effect of renunciation of Islam

Under the pure Muslim Law Mohammedan after renouncing Islam loses all rights to succeed as Muslim. But now under the provision of the Caste Disabilities Removal Act XXI of 1850, the apostate will lose such rights. The question here arises as to what amounts to apostasy, i.e., abandonment of one’s religion. The answer is that mere deviation from non-fundamental provisons of Mohammedan religion does not amount to apostasy. So long as a person is prepared to accept the fundamental tenets of Islam, he is not an apostate.

Apostsy of guardian – According to Mohammedan Law an apostate has no right to contract a minor in marriage: Hedaya, 392. It is enacted however, by Act XXI of 1850, that no law or usage shall inflict on any person who renounces his religion any “forfeiture of rights of property”, and it was accordingly held in Muchoo v. Arzoon that a Hindu father is not deprived of his right to the custody of his children and to direct their education by reason of his conversion to Christianity. It is submitted that the decision in Muchoo’s case is correct . But the court may in its discretion deal with each case on its own merits.

Effect of renunciation of Islam on Marriage

Marriage of a Muslim husband with a Muslim wife is dissolved ipso facto on the renunciation of the husband of the Islamic religion, their marriage remains intact and is not dissolved.

The renunciation of Islam by a married Muslim woman on her conversion to a faith other than Islam does not by itself dissolve her marriage. But were a woman converted to Islam from some other faith re-embraces her former faith, her marriage with the Muslim husband stands dissolved .

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AFTER BBA

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

MBA is the most popular choice for a graduate in management domain. The course takes the graduate one step further in the management stream and builds on the basic principles that he/she was taught during graduation. A graduate can choose to go for a particular sector or industry after MBA by choosing the correct MBA specialization as per his/her interest and requirements.

Fee Structure

The average course fee for MBA in India is around Rs. 5,00,000.

May extend beyond Rs. 15,00,000 in the top colleges with a national and international reputation

What attracts students?

i) Excellent returns

ii) Pathway to some of the most well-paying jobs available in the private sector

A New Study Suggests You May Want To Rethink That MBA

Bachelor of Legislative Law (LLB)

Many students may decide to go for an LLB after BBA. Having a degree in law along with the management skills can work in the favor of a student and help them earn more money, take up cases in their chosen specialization or switch fields completely. LLB gives graduate a wide range of career options and provides a great alternative skill set to rely on.

Fee Structure

The average course fee for LLB in India ranges between Rs. 2.5-4 LPA.

What attracts students?

•Excellent returns •Range of Salary offered by Law firms range from 25-30 LPA.

•Offers a package ranging between 5-10 LPA to 18-20 LPA for Freshers

Bachelor of Education (B. Ed.)

Students who like teaching and see their future in teaching line can purse higher education by pursuing B. Ed. courses.

Qualification Requirements

Graduation from a recognized institute

Drawbacks of joining B. Ed after Graduation

• Only eligible to apply for teaching in class I-VIII

• Not eligible to apply for teaching in Higher Secondary Schools or Colleges

• Must hold Master Degree to become eligible for teaching in Higher Secondary Schools or Colleges

RTI ACT- Every Citizen’s right!

Right to Information (RTI) is an act of the Parliament of India which sets out the rules and procedures regarding citizens’ right to information. This particular act was passed as an independent act by the Indian Parliament in the year 2005.

The RTI act has been useful in getting to know our personal grievances, making our politicians and elected representatives accountable.

The RTI act empowers common public in India by indirectly involving them in decision making and in other important public affairs. Every citizen in India through this act got the privilege of right to be informed.

RTI ACT: Controversial, yet beneficial.

Very recently, an RTI application was filed by a group of individuals seeking to know about source of a particular line in NCERT History textbook of grade 7th which said “Temples were rebuilt after they were destroyed by the Mughals”. The individuals wanted to know about the source of information regarding the text to which the response was “Source of information is unknown”.

In such a case, one may argue that RTI act doesn’t mandate an authorised body to respond “according to the query” (meaning, they just have to respond, it does not matter what the response is) that is, an authorised body doesn’t necessarily have to respond, they can just pass the query off by saying “no source of information available.”

But at the same time, RTI ACT as mentioned earlier is a powerful tool for citizens through which commoners in the country can keep an eye on the government and its activities. For example, in 2016, when Demonetisation was announced by the Government of India, Mr. Venkatesh Nayak filed an RTI application which revealed that RBI did not agree with Government of India’s justification that the decision would curb corruption in India.

Another example could be the Commonwealth Games Scam, in which an RTI application was filed by a non-profit organisation which revealed that Delhi Government had diverted Rs. 744 crores from funds which were kept only for Dalits to Commonwealth Games.

A very successful case was also found in Bangalore where a bundle of corruptions and dereliction of duties in allowing encroachment of government land of 12,000 square feet without the permission from the respective authorities by New Cambridge School Trust. The Assistant Executive Engineer who was supposed to actions against the encroachment of land which was worth Rs. 6 crores was found protecting the illegal encroachment of land. These irregularities came out when an RTI application was filed before the Executive Engineer Division in Bangalore.

Denouement:

RTI act from the beginning has been into controversies for being chaotic and problematic in many cases. But in my view, these instances of chaos are again because of the same loopholes we have in our democratic system and legal system we strive to fight against via the help of RTI act. Nonetheless, the act has enabled the citizens to become more aware and hold the government accountable when required. This is evident from the fact that India ranked 4th best in the world for RTI laws. The recent amendment of act in 2019 is however criticised as many feel, it would give Central Government more power.

4 MAJOR LEARNINGS FROM THE BOOK: STEAL LIKE AN ARTIST.

1. NOTHING IS ORIGINAL

What a good artist understands is that nothing comes from nowhere. All creative work builds on what came before. Nothing is completely original.

If we are free from the burden of trying to be completely original, we can stop trying to make something out of nothing, and we can embrace influence instead of running away from it.

2. PRODUCTIVE PROCRASTINATION.

Creative people need time to sit around and do nothing. You get some of your wonderful ideas when you seat and do nothing. So take time to do nothing and just sit.

If you are running out of ideas, go for a long walk. Por stare at something as long as you can. As artist Maira Kalman says, “Avoiding work is the way to focus my mind”.

3.KEEP YOUR DAY JOB.

A day job gives you a daily routine in which you can schedule a regular time for your creative pursuits. Establishing and keeping a routine can be even more important than having a lot of time.

4. SCHOOL YOURSELF.

School is one thing. Education is another. The two don’t always overlap. Whether you are in school or not its always your job to get yourself an education.

You have to be curious about the world in which you live. Look things up. Chase down every reference. Go deeper than anybody else – that’s how you will get ahead.

Reasonable Pluralism

The world we live in today consists of people belonging to different religions, castes, places, people who speak different languages, have differing political opinions and the list goes on. Human beings are unique in their thinking as well as the way they express their thoughts. They are inherently different so many ways and sometimes conflicts can arise between people due to this. But having difference of opinion always does not necessarily mean it is bad or it can end up in conflicts, it can sometimes give insight into how differently and parallelly things work in the other paradine.

This can result in Political Liberalism, where people are more attentive and acceptable of other people’s religion and are not ethnocentric. This is what John Rawls talks about, he brings in the idea of Political Liberalism where he claims that people who are reasonable would have a liberal approach towards the differing views. And hence the idea that conflicts or fights will happen between people because of their differences is flawed.

People who hold different comprehensive doctrines can only be acceptable of others differences if they are reasonable. This is what Rawls point out in his study, he says that people living in a society, if they are reasonable people and rational in thinking and attitudes.

Rawls talks about ‘Reasonable Pluralism’ where people are accommodative of other people’s differences and views. Even though people are inherently different and have different ideas and beliefs people choose to understand them and let this not cause a divide between them. It instead made people more accommodative of these changes and will make them more cosmopolitan in approach.

This is how Political Liberalism comes into play, people who are liberal and rational tend to understand these diversities and learn to be more adaptive of these differences. This is termed as overlapping consensus. A term used to define the consensus between people having different opinions and view points but are still accommodative of each other. Rawls believed that this would only happen if people were reasonable enough to understand these differences in its moral sense.

Although this idea behind Rawls is really good, the problem here is that he only takes into account the reasonable citizens. He never accounts for people whose thinking lies beyond reasonable one. Hence, we cannot really say if this is applicable to everyone in the state. Flawless his theory was but it failed to capture people with different perspectives and opinions as different from the crowd of reasonable people. This is one of the major problems which has gone unanswered.

Benefits of learning any foreign language.

In this cutting-edge World, who would mind having an extra set of skills. Having proficiency in more than one language is one of the skills needed in today’s era. Being bilingual/multilingual doesn’t mean one can only connect with the world in a more meaningful way but being bilingual/multilingual one can also stand out from the crowd, and advance their career. These are not the only benefits, let’s have a look at some of the benefits in brief. Mentioned below are some of the many benefits a bilingual/multilingual can have:–

Advance your career

Learning a second language can set you apart from your monolingual colleagues and provide you with opportunities for better employment. Companies with overseas clients and foreign customers are looking for fluent professionals in a second language, who can deal with various communities.

Improves decision-making skills

It is found in a study by the University of Chicago that a multilingual person is better at decision making than a monolingual.

When you learn a foreign language, you try to learn native expressions and their hidden meaning, which enhances your decision-making process. It is also proved that the decision you make in a foreign language is more reasonable than the decision you make in your native language.

Connect with people

One of the most incredible advantages of learning a foreign language is opening new windows of opportunities and meeting new people of different communities. When you learn a foreign language, you also generate a sense of better understanding and appreciation towards people from different communities. And you might end up having a lifelong connection with people from different parts of the world. Isn’t it magical?

Sharpens memory

When you learn a new language, your mind is been introduced to various rules, different grammar, and an entirely new set of vocabulary, which exercises your memory. It has also been claimed that people who are into learning a new language find it easier to remember names, facts, directions, and figures.

Makes traveling easy

When you have fluency in more than one language, it is easier to travel to different parts of the world, as it makes it easier to connect with different cultures and native speakers. When you can talk to a native person you can get more information about the place, even the information that is not on the web. Hence, being bilingual/multilingual can make your traveling so much easier.

Be it learning a foreign from a university or online classes. If you are planning to learn one, it will for sure provide you several benefits and will boost your career to new heights.

Math 2.0 day

Today is math 2.0 day, but what exactly does that even mean?.With or without knowing we all use math several times every single day. The subject is also important for the advancement of technology. And thus, to celebrate the combination of maths and technology, Math 2.0 Day is celebrated on July 8. Read on to know other details.

Imagine the way the world used to be viewed! Math as known to be important but not thought to be something you could make a living at and the rising tide of technology was considered a fad! Math 2.0 Day reminds us that technology is here to stay!

Every year, Math 2.0 Day is celebrated on July 8. The day is observed to highlight the importance of the combination of maths and technology. The day was formed to celebrate the achievement made through the combination of maths and technology. Math 2.0 Day also helps to educate the masses about the benefits of maths and technology. Without maths and technology, it would have been impossible for us to achieve the various entertainment mediums we have now.

History of Math 2.0 Day

In 2009, the Math Interest Group formed Math 2.0 Day. Math is extremely important for the advancement of science, technology and education.Math 2.0 Day is a celebration of the blending of technology and mathematics. For a lot of us, math wasn’t a favorite subject, we’d spend the entire period staring at the equations and wondering what sort of livid madman designed these torture chambers on paper. Ultimately, however, we realized that math is utterly indispensable in our modern world. If you’ve ever wondered who uses math in their day to day careers, you aren’t alone and we have some answers for you.

Programmers deal with mathematics every day, as it’s the framework upon which all computer operations are formed. Everything from the order of operations to quadratic equations is necessary to make even the simplest program. Scientists are one of the biggest users of mathematics, whether they’re calculating the statistical variance of their data or figuring out how much to add to their chemistry experiment, it’s involved at every step.

One presumes you live in a house, drive a car, or operate a computer? The engineers responsible for designing those things so that they work, and especially in the case of the house, use math to ensure it doesn’t come crumbling down on your head. Math 2.0 day celebrates all these mathematical heroes and more.

How to celebrate Math 2.0 Day

If you’re like me, you probably have your old math books from college laying around. I suggest busting them open and studying them again. Who knows, in the intervening years you may have secretly developed a love for those dancing numbers. If not, make sure that you stop by those people who use math every day and thank them for doing the work so you don’ thave to.Mathematics is one of the most important fields in the world today, and just about everything we know and love is built on its back.

Asset Bubble

What Is a Bubble?

A bubble is an economic cycle that is characterized by the rapid escalation of market value, particularly in the price of assets. This fast inflation is followed by a quick decrease in value, or a contraction, that is sometimes referred to as a “crash” or a “bubble burst. Typically, a bubble is created by a surge in asset prices that is driven by exuberant market behavior. During a bubble, assets typically trade at a price, or within a price range, that greatly exceeds the asset’s intrinsic value (the price does not align with the fundamentals of the asset).The cause of bubbles is disputed by economists; some economists even disagree that bubbles occur at all (on the basis that asset prices frequently deviate from their intrinsic value). However, bubbles are usually only identified and studied in retrospect, after a massive drop in prices occurs.

How a Bubble Works

An economic bubble occurs any time that the price of a good rises far above the item’s real value. Bubbles are typically attributed to a change in investor behavior, although what causes this change in behavior is debated. Bubbles in equities markets and economies cause resources to be transferred to areas of rapid growth. At the end of a bubble, resources are moved again, causing prices to deflate.

The Japanese economy experienced a bubble in the 1980s after the country’s banks were partially deregulated. This caused a huge surge in the prices of real estate and stock prices. The dot-com boom, also called the dot-com bubble, was a stock market bubble in the late 1990s. It was characterized by excessive speculation in Internet-related companies. During the dot-com boom, people bought technology stocks at high prices—believing they could sell them at a higher price—until confidence was lost and a large market correction occurred.

The research of American economist Hyman P. Minsky helps to explain the development of financial instability and provides one explanation of the characteristics of financial crises. Through his research, Minsky identified five stages in a typical credit cycle. While his theories went largely under-the-radar for many decades, the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 renewed interest in his formulations, which also help to explain some of the patterns of a bubble.

Displacement

This stage takes place when investors start to notice a new paradigm, like a new product or technology, or historically low interest rates. This can be basically anything that gets their attention.

Boom

Prices start to rise. Then, they get even more momentum as more investors enter the market. This sets up the stage for the boom. There is an overall sense of failing to jump in, causing even more people to start buying assets.

Euphoria

When euphoria hits and asset prices skyrocket, it could be said that caution on the part of investors is mostly thrown out the window.

Profit-Taking

Figuring out when the bubble will burst isn’t easy; once a bubble has burst, it will not inflate again. But anyone who can identify the early warning signs will make money by selling off positions.

Panic

Asset prices change course and drop (sometimes as rapidly as they rose). Investors want to liquidate them at any price. Asset prices decline as supply outshines demand.

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Displacement

Boom

Euphoria

Profit-Taking

Panic

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