Month: May 2021

Mizoram- the happiest Indian state

In the recently released India Happiness Report 2020 Mizoram has been announced as the happiest Indian state followed by Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Punjab among the top three. It was the first time that all the union territories were surveyed along with the states.

The Happiness Survey was conducted between March and July 2020. The parameters of happiness index were:

>Personal relationships- family and friends

>Work related issues- income level, work pressure and growth

>Physical and mental health

>Social issues

>Impact of COVID-19

Further, it was observed that the above mentioned parameters are positively related to happiness.

Contributing factors

>care for others

>preservation of culture

>belief in nature

>respect for tradition

Why was Myanmar under Military coupe ?

 

Myanmar also called ‘The golden land’ a country famous for its Buddhist culture and tradition is located in Southeast Asia. Thousands of Buddhist temples embellish it and the serene white beaches magically ornate the land. It is the 10th largest country in Asia in terms of its area with 54 million people residing, mostly Buddhist but also Muslim Rohingyas. It shares its border with China in the northeast, Thailand in its east and southeast, Bangladesh and India to its northwest, and Andaman sea and Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest.   

 

History-

Myanmar also called Burma became a territory in the 19th century after it lost 3 Anglo-Burmese wars. It gained independence from Britain in 1948 and was rules by armed forces under the Burma socialist programme party from 1962 to 2011. Due to increasing pressure from the western countries Myanmar’s military regime decided to transition the country towards partial democracy from 2010. Although Myanmar became democratic but the army still continued its authority and control over the territory. 

In 2015 Aung San Suu Kyi’s party National league for democracy formed the first elected government by winning majority and ushered in a booming transition towards full democracy. 

 

Military coup- 

 

On 1st February 2021 Aung San Suu Kyi and her anointed president Myint, was arrested by the military and detained under house arrest. The Burmese army general Min Aung Hlaing accused the party of voting fraud in the parliamentary elections of 2020 and imposed a state of national emergency for 1 year. The election commission reported that no record of fraud was found. 

 

Reasons cited for the military coup include the constitutional amendments which the democratically elected government Aung San Suu Kyi was about to make in the coming term abolishing the power and control of military rule in Burma. Just after the military rule was imposed the general commented that he was on people’s side would form a ‘true and disciplined democracy’. It would hold a free and fair election once the state of emergency was over. 

 

People’s reaction-

 

People of Myanmar have taken the streets and raised their voice demanding the reversal of military coup. But the military seemed hesitant on backing down, making the overall situation violent and deadly. 

The military put restrictions on people’s gatherings. It used water cannons, rubber bullets, live use of fire and opened fires on more than 40 places to suppress the people revolting against them. It took control of country’s infrastructure, suspended domestic and international flights, stock market and commercial banks were also closed.  More than 400 people have dies due to this absurd violence. 

 

Global response- 

 

 United stated of Americas has imposed sanctions on Myanmar and also prohibited access to $1bn of government funds to military coup. China’s foreign ministry spokesperson said “ China is a friendly neighbor of Myanmar’s. We hope that all sides in Myanmar can appropriately handle their differences under the constitution and legal framework and safeguard political and social stability “ United Kingdom also spoke against the coup and asked the army to release Aung San Suu Kyi and the president. It also issued orders stating the British residents their to come back to UK unless and until they have an important task in Myanmar. India being an immediate neighbor of Myanmar and a democratic country is supporting the democratic government. India should share its experiences in dealing with constitutionalism and federalism with Myanmar and support it in all aspects.

 

The Midnight Circus- A confusing wonder

The Midnight Circus is a 2011 historical fantasy by Erin Morgenstern and revolves around the lives of Celia Bowen and Marco Alisdair. Set in Victorian-era London, the book follows a magic duel between the apprentice of Prospero the Enchanter and Mr. Alexander. The duel is intended to be a test of their respective teaching methods. Celia Bowen is the daughter of Prospero and is trained under his watchful eye. What starts as an involved mentorship, turns into a toxic relationship. Prospero doesn’t see Celia as a daughter, but as a contestant, one who is capable of winning him a duel he has lost until now. Buy The Night Circus (Vintage Magic) Book Online at Low Prices in India | The Night Circus (Vintage Magic) Reviews & Ratings - Amazon.in

Marco is taught differently. Alexander rarely interacts with him. He lives alone in an apartment with only books to keep him company.

After their respective training, they are both sent to work at the Midnight Circus, Celia as an impressionist and Marco as the proprietor’s assistant.

This is where the story really begins. Due to its non-linear narrative, this book does make for a confusing read, but Morgenstern’s beautiful descriptions and masterful storytelling more than makeup for this. The book has a somewhat gothic aesthetic but oh! does it own it. At no point in the story does the reader feel alienated or disconnected.

Balancing multiple narratives while simultaneously creating an engaging narrative, Morgenstern really doesn’t disappoint. The twists are unpredictable and leave the reader exhilarated.

I would strongly recommend this book to lovers of historical fantasies who don’t mind a bit of a challenge.

Lockdown: Mothers Are Tired

“Mothers are like glue. Even when you can’t see them, they’re still holding the family together.”

                                                                                                                                                          —Susan Gale

The COVID-19 pandemic started almost two years back and since then we’re under lockdown. There have been so many changes in the world, so many people have been affected physically and mentally and the most affected ones are Mothers. Everyone being present at home, hardly gives them time for themselves.

 

Vector parenthood problems of big family. Tired, exhausted mother with naughty and nasty children crying trying to handle kids and household chores. Mom holding dirty laundry, cooking, washing dishes:: موقع تصميمي

 

As the classes are conducted online, a mother has to ensure that her child pays attention and thus she sits with her child. Normally if the pandemic wouldn’t have happened, the child would have gone to school and she could rest at home at that time. Her family members are present at home all the time so now she’s got extra work and less time for herself. She has to cook for her family and do other household chores while her child is asking for something or disturbing her.

 

Working mothers suffer too. They have to work from home as well as take care of her family. Her children are present all the time which makes it really difficult for her to concentrate on her work while the pressure from the boss just increases. Same scenario with the single moms.

Moms Cut Work Hours Four Times More Than Dads During Pandemic

 

We don’t even realize how much they have to sacrifice for us. Few days back I saw a post where a mother was breathing through a portable oxygen cylinder and simultaneously cooking for her family. Her love is unconditional, her sacrifices are beyond comparison; so high time we understand this and help them out. It’s time that we acknowledge their misery and give them what they deserve the most – love, help and understanding.

WANT TO KNOW ABOUT MORTGAGE?

Blockchain Mortgages Could Help The Impending Recession

MORTGAGE : According to Section 58 (a) of the Transfer Of The Property Act,1882, a ‘mortgage‘ is the transfer of an interest in specific immovable property for the purpose of securing the following :

  • the payment of money advanced or to be advanced by way of loan,
  • an existing of future debt, or
  • the performance of an engagement which may give rise to a pecuniary liability.

In simple words, mortgage means taking of loan in place of some security (immovable property).

PARTIES OF MORTGAGE : Two parties are involved here which are as follows :

Lender Meaning

  • The person who transfers an interest is called the mortgagor.
  • The person in whose favor the interest in property is being transferred is known as the mortgagee.

INSTRUMENT : 

  • The instrument by which the transfer is effected is known as the mortgage deed.

What Is a Mortgage Lien? - FindLaw

MORTGAGE-MONEY :

  • The principal money and interest of which payment is secured for the time being is called the ‘mortgaged-money’.

ELEMENTS OF MORTGAGE :

  1. Transfer of an interest
  2. Specific immovable property
  3. Consideration of mortgage

6 TYPES OF MORTGAGES : What are the Different Types of Mortgages in India?

SIMPLE MORTGAGE : 

It is a kind of mortgage where the mortgagor binds himself to repay the mortgage-money. No possession of the property is transferred in case of Simple Mortgage. It should be done by registered deed. The mortgagee can exercise his right to make the sale of that specific immovable property by the intervention of the court.

MORTGAGE BY CONDITIONAL SALE : 

It is a kind of mortgage where the mortgagor ostensibly sales his property on conditions :

  • on the repayment of such loan taken, the sale become void and the property will be retransferred by the mortgagee in the favor of the mortgagor,
  • in case of failure of payment of mortgage-money on certain time, the ostensible sale will become absolute.

In case of mortgage by conditional sale, the mortgagee has the right of foreclosure.

USUFRUCTUARY MORTAGAGE :

Usufructuary Mortgage is such a kind of mortgage where the possession of the property is being transferred in favor of the mortgagee so that the mortgage-debt or interest can be satisfied out of the rents or profits of that property. In such kind of mortgage, the mortgagee can neither have a right of sale nor of foreclosure.

MORTGAGE BY DEPOSIT OF TITLE DEEDS :

It is popularly called an ‘equitable mortgage’. It is a kind of mortgage where there is a delivery to the mortgagee, documents of title to immovable property with intent to create a security thereon. It requires neither a registration nor an attestation.

ENGLISH MORTGAGE :

An English Mortgage is a transaction in which the mortgagor binds himself to repay the mortgage-money on a certain date and transfers the mortgaged property absolutely to the mortgagee but subject to the condition that he will retransfer it to the mortgagor upon payment of the debt.

ANOMALOUS MORTGAGE :

In such a mortgage, the possession may or may not be delivered. A mortgage which is not a simple mortgage, a mortgage by conditional sale, an usufructuary mortgage, an English mortgage or a mortgage by deposit of title deeds within the meaning of section 58 is called an anomalous mortgage.

RIGHTS OF THE MORTGAGOR AND MORTGAGEE 

Mortgagee vs Mortgagor | 8 Best Differences To Learn (With Infographics)

RIGHTS OF THE MORTGAGOR :

  1. Right to redeem the mortgage.
  2. Right to inspection and production of documents relevant to the mortgage transaction.
  3. Right to redeem the mortgage separately or simultaneously.
  4. Right to appropriate accessions, if any, to the mortgaged property.
  5. Right to appropriate improvements, if any, to the mortgaged property.
  6. Right to renewal of lease where the mortgaged property is leasehold.
  7. Right to effect lease of the mortgaged property.

RIGHTS OF THE MORTGAGEE :

  1. Rights to foreclosure or sale of the mortgaged property in default of non-payment of debt.
  2. Right to sue mortgagor for the recovery of mortgage-money.
  3. Right to exercise power of sale if given under the mortgage-deed.
  4. Right to get a receiver appointed.
  5. Right to accession to mortgaged-property.
  6. Right to have the benefit of renewed lease if mortgaged property is leased out.
  7. Right to spend money in preserving the property, defending mortgagor’s title or in renewal of lease if the property is in possession.
  8. Right to receive proceeds of revenue sale of the mortgaged property.

DUTIES OF THE MORTGAGOR AND MORTGAGEE

Procedure of Transfer of Immovable Property

DUTIES OF THE MORTGAGOR :

  1. Liability to guarantee his title in the mortgaged property.
  2. Liability to defend his title in the mortgaged property.
  3. Liability to make payments of public.
  4. Liability to pay rents if the mortgaged property is leased hold and mortgagee is a lessee.
  5. Liability to discharge prior encumbrances on the mortgaged property.

DUTIES OF THE MORTGAGEE :

  1. Liability to manage the property with ordinary prudence.
  2. Liability to collect rents and profits with due diligence.
  3. Liability to pay the government dues in case there is no contract to the contrary.
  4. Liability to spend money for necessary repairs in the mortgaged property.
  5. Liability not to commit waste on the mortgaged property.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US promises to help India in Covid Fight

‘Will never forget the help given to us by India’ says US promising help to India in its Covid fight: Indan minister of external affairs S Jaishankar who was in his official trip to US became the first cabinet minister to visit it since Joe Biden was appointed as US president i.e January 20th. On Saturday external affairs minister gave an statement related to expand production of vaccines in India with assistance from the United States. He gave this statement after lot of discussion with some officials of US regarding Covid pandemic and vaccines.

“The primary focus of the visit obviously was on the relationship with the new administration. It is a very important relationship. Also, to engage with the senior cabinet members here,” said the external affairs minister while revealing reason of his visit to Indian reporters after concluding successfully most of his engagements. The minister further added “There was also of course the COVID-19 context because of the vaccine partnership between India and the US, and also Quad-based discussions on vaccines. That was also one of the important subjects. In fact, in many ways, I would say the most important subject of my discussion,”.

Over the last two days Jaishankar met many officials and cabinet ministers of US. He met Secretary of State Antony Blinken, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, US Trade Representatives Katherine Tai and Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines and some others. Jaishankar had some wide ranging talk with his counterpart from US i.e Anthony Blinken. He discussed many important issues with him and expressed his gratitude for Biden administration for it’s strong support and solidarity with India at a moment of great difficulty and for helping India in fighting with this deadly Covid 19 pandemic.

Blinken also expressed his gratitude for the help given to US by India while welcoming Jaishankar to the state department. He said that they will never forget that India was with US in the early days of Covid. He addressed to state department that “Now we want to make sure that we are there for and with India,“.

In the joint media interaction between the two leaders while addressing the reporters, Jaishankar said that “We have a lot of issues to discuss. I think our relations have grown stronger over the years and I’m very confident that it’ll continue to do so. I also want to take the opportunity to express to the Secretary, through him to the administration, (and) to the United States for the strong support and solidarity and at the moment of great difficulty (for us),” .

“We are united in confronting COVID-19 together…We are united in dealing with the challenge posed by climate change and we are partnered together directly through the QUAD and other institutions in the United Nations in dealing with many of the challenges that we face in the region,” Blinken said emphasising on the unity of India and United States in supporting each other and fighting such challenges.

The end of an era: Analysing Brooklyn Nine-Nine

After running for eight wonderful years, the creators of Brooklyn Nine-Nine have announced that they will be airing their final season in August of this year. After shooting nearly 150 episodes, the show has called it quits.

The show boasted of an impressive cast with SNL legend Andy Samberg, the hilarious Chelsea Peretti, the talented terry crews, the award-winning Andre Braugher, and several others. The premise of the show revolved around the lives of the detectives at the 99th precinct in Brooklyn. Watch Full Episodes | Brooklyn Nine-Nine on FOX

Not only did they have a talented cast, but it was also a diverse one. Out of the 9 main cast members, only 4 were caucasian males. Melissa Fumero plays Amy Santiago, an aspiring captain. The show follows her journey and we can only hope she achieves this goal in the final season.

The most amazing thing about the show was the way it addressed social issues while still maintaining a comedic tone. Covering issues such as racial profiling, sexual harassment, and homophobia, the show never shied away from uncomfortable topics. The elegance with which these topics are handled is truly respectable.

The eighth season will air in August and will be covering recent events such as the murder of George Floyd and the Covid pandemic. Hopefully, we’ll see more of Cheddar too!

Covid Vaccines: Why you can’t compare 92% efficiency with 81% efficiency

The only way to fight this deadly pandemic is by vaccinating ourselves. People are people’s cure. With so many companies releasing Covid-19 vaccines, people get confused as to which parameter is to be used while comparing them. Most of them start comparing vaccines based on their efficiency. There is a strong reason behind why you shouldn’t do that.

Parameters to consider

covishield,covaxin,sputnik
Covaxin, Covishield, Sputnik V (left to right)

Let us consider the three most used vaccines in India: Sputnik V, Covaxin, Covishield. The efficacy rates of the three are:

  • Sputnik V- 92%
  • Covaxin-81%
  • Covishield-70%

Based on this data, one may conclude that Sputnik V is the best and Covishield the worst. But before reaching this conclusion, let us consider some more important specifications.

Sputnik V vaccine:

Sputnik V is an adenoviral based Russian made vaccine, used against Covid-19. It works by introducing a weakened virus into the body so that they don’t immediately replicate and cause disease. Instead it prepares our immune system so that when the real virus attacks, the severity can be minimum to none. It requires two doses, with a 21 day interval between.

The trials were conducted on volunteers from Russia from June 2020 to Nov 2020 against the original and UK variant Covid-19. 19,000 volunteers from Russia participated in the trial, so trials were not done on Indian people.

Covaxin:

Covaxin was developed by India’s National Institute of Virology (NIV). It works by introducing a dead Covid virus into the body, thus enabling the immune system to develop a response, and this method is often considered safe. It was first trialed on animals, and then proceeded to human trials. It requires two doses, with a 4-6 week interval between.

The trials were conducted on volunteers from India from June 2020 to Jan 2021 against both the original and UK variant virus. Trials were done on a total of 26,000 volunteers.

Covishield:

Covishield was developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca. It works by introducing a weakened version of a common cold adenovirus into the body and triggers an immune response. It requires two doses, with a 4-8 week interval between.

The trials were conducted on volunteers from USA from August 2020 to December 2020 against the original virus only. Trials were done on a total of 30,000 volunteers.

As it can be observed, all three vaccine trials were conducted under different time periods, in different countries, on people of different nationalities on different variant viruses. Thus comparing them solely on the efficiency rates alone is not fair.

So which one to choose?

The answer to this question is that all three do their jobs as specified. There is no single ‘perfect’ vaccine. So instead of waiting for a vaccine with higher efficiency rate, try to vaccinate yourself as soon as possible. The goal of a vaccine is not to prevent you from getting Covid-19, but to reduce its severity, thus reducing severe symptoms and death.

Evidently, no vaccinated individual during the trials were hospitalized when they got Covid-19. The intake of medicines prescribed by their doctors, good food and isolation cured them. Hence this is proof that vaccination reduces the severity of the virus. Do not be under the false pretense that once vaccinated, Covid-19 cannot affect you and hence do not roam out. You maybe vaccinated, but other may not be. So do not be the cause of their attack.

This post was written with the intention of debunking the false hope of people that better efficiency rate equals better vaccine. So vaccinate yourself when you get the chance instead of waiting for the perfect vaccine. Be safe and be home. Let us together win this battle and soon return back to normal.

India achieves major milestone in Corona Vaccination; Over 21 Crore doses administered

India has crossed a major landmark in Covid-19 vaccination. More than 21 Crore Cumulative Vaccine Doses have been administered in the country so far. Health Ministry said, vaccination is an integral pillar of the comprehensive strategy of the Government for containment and management of the pandemic, along with Test, Track, Treat and COVID Appropriate Behaviour.

The Ministry said that more than 28 lakh nine thousand beneficiaries were inoculated with Covid-19 vaccine doses yesterday. Out of which more than 25 lakh 11 thousand beneficiaries were vaccinated for 1st dose and around three lakh beneficiaries received 2nd dose of the vaccine. The Ministry said, more than 14 lakh 15 thousand beneficiaries of the age group 18 to 44 years received their first dose of COVID vaccine yesterday and more than nine thousand beneficiaries of the same age group received their second dose of vaccine.

Cumulatively, over one crore 82 lakh persons across 37 States and Union Territories have received their first dose since the start of Phase-3 of the vaccination drive. The Ministry said, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh have administered more than 10 lakh beneficiaries of the age group 18-44 years for the first dose of COVID vaccine.

Centre liberalises insurance compensation schemes under ESIC, EPFO

Centre has enhanced and liberalised the insurance compensation schemes under Employees State Insurance Corporation and Employees Provident Fund Organization with a view to mitigate the financial difficulties faced due to death of single earning member in the family. The decision on the relief measures were taken by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in an important meeting held in New Delhi yesterday.

Under the relief measures announced, benefit of ESIC pension scheme for employment related death cases has been extended to even those who have died due to COVID. Dependent family members of such persons will be entitled to the benefit of pension equivalent to 90 per cent of average daily wage drawn by the worker as per the existing norms. This benefit will be available retrospectively with effect from 24th of March of last year and for all such cases till 24th of March next year.

Additionally, the insurance benefits under the Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (EDLI) have been enhanced to seven lakh rupees. The provision of minimum insurance benefit of two lakh 50 thousand rupees has been restored and will also apply retrospectively from 15th of February last year for the next three years. To benefit families of contractual and casual workers, the condition of continuous employment in only one establishment has also been liberalized.

The benefit under the relaxed norms will be made available to families of even those employees who may have changed jobs in the last 12 months preceding their death.

Prime Minister announces financial aid for children orphaned by Covid-19

In a major relief announcement extending much needed support for the children who have lost their parents due to COVID-19, Prime Minister Narendra Modi yesterday approved slew of measures under PM-CARES for Children scheme, including free education and an amount of 10 lakh rupees on attaining the age of 23, among others.

The Prime Minister chaired an important meeting to discuss and deliberate on steps which need to be taken to support children who have been orphaned due to COVID-19. Mr. Modi emphasized that children represent the future of the country and the country will do everything possible to support and protect the children so that they develop as strong citizens and have a bright future. He stressed that in such trying times, it is our duty as a society, to care for our children and instill hope for a bright future.

All children who have lost both parents or surviving parent or legal guardian or adoptive parents due to COVID-19 will be supported under PM-CARES for Children scheme.

Under the PM-CARES for Children scheme contribution will be done through the PM CARES Fund till the age of 18 years to create a corpus of 10 lakh rupees for each child orphaned due to COVID-19. The beneficiary will be given a monthly stipend for five years from 18 years of age till he completes 23 years. On attaining the age of 23, the full amount of 10 lakh rupees will be transferred to the beneficiary for his professional or personal use.

Ensuring free education to such Kids, under this scheme, children under 10 years of age will be given admissions in Kendriya Vidyalayas and private schools whereas provision has been made for educating kids between 11 to 18 years of age in residential schools including Sainik Schools and Navodaya Vidyalayas. Expenditure on uniform, text books and notebooks for beneficiary kids will be done through PMCARES Fund. Students going for higher education will also be assisted to get education loans and scholarships.

All children beneficiaries will be enrolled under Ayushman Bharat Scheme with a health insurance cover of five lakh rupees, the premium for which will be paid by the PM CARES Fund.

PM Narendra Modi to share his thoughts in ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme today

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will share his thoughts with the people in the country and abroad in the ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme on All India Radio at 11 AM today. It will be the 77th episode of the monthly radio programme. It will be broadcast on the entire network of AIR and Doordarshan and also on AIR News website www.newsonair.com and newsonair Mobile App.

It will also be streamed live on the YouTube channels of AIR, DD News, PMO and Information and Broadcasting Ministry. AIR will broadcast the programme in regional languages immediately after the Hindi broadcast. The regional language versions will be repeated at 8 in the evening.

5 tips to improve your personality

Do you remember someone from a party long back who had an everlasting impression on you because of their charismatic presence? It might happen at times that you meet people with great personalities and persona. This might want you to leave a similar impact on the people around you as well. It is always great to develop your personality and attitude which makes you more likeable. This is also why we keep looking for tips and ideas to keep improving our personality. Developing your personality means improving your behaviour and other personal traits, which makes people want to be with you. Personality should not be confused with looking beautiful or handsome, instead its the way you carry yourself and the impact you make in a room full of people. Wherever you go, be it to any competition or interview or even a social event, your personality plays a very important role in your success and growth. This is why brushing up your personality is important. While there also are a lot of personality development courses available, following these tips might help you develop your personality yourself-

  1. Dress well –

The way you carry yourself is very important in making a mark on the people you are around. Would you want to be around someone who wears un-ironed, shabby unclean clothes? That makes the person in front of you feel that you have taken no effort to look presentable. Dressing well is very important to make that first impression count.

2. Communication skills –

Talk politely, yet be interesting. Being able to engage the other person in the conversation while keeping it flowing is important. Keep brushing up your knowledge to help you be well-equipped with all the information required to keep conversations meaningful. 

3. Self-belief –

Self-belief is a very important factor determining one’s personality. You will only interest another person or make a mark on them when they remember you as someone who is strong-headed and trusts their actions. Having self-belief is extremely essential, it gives off an intoxicating aura. That captivates others and want them to be around you.

4. Not fearing change –

Remember change is the only constant. Sticking to something just because you are comfortable and you fear change will never let you grow. Embrace the change, because only when things change do they improve too. Remember you are the author of your life, and you have the power to carve for yourself the personality that you aspire to be. Do not fear and be open to changes in life.

5. Be confident and positive –

Be confident – as that makes you ready for all challenges in life and also the other spheres of life. It makes you reach your full potential, as you do not question your abilities. Have a confident attitude and positive mindset and that will reflect in the way you look at things, be it the most difficult problems. This mindset will surely have a positive impact on your body language and the way you tackle your problems, enhancing your personality.

Should smoking be prohibited?

Smoking is one of the greatest killers of mankind in the present day world. It causes various diseases like asthma, lung cancer, bronchitis and leads to millions of untimely deaths annually all over the world. But still people become its slave. To create awareness of its harmful effects, statutory warnings like “Smoking is injurious to health” is displayed in every cigarette packet and hoarding advertising for cigarettes.

The problem of smoking has to be viewed from different angles. Banning of smoking by legislation will not only remove this potential source of health hazard but also result in useful monetary savings to the consumers. But this will have an adverse effect on the economy. The entire tobacco industry will have to be closed down, throwing large number of people into unemployment. Government also will lose substantially in excise revenues.

The situation creates a vicious circle in which millions of people are killed by an industry that supports another few millions for their economic survival. But life is certainly more precious. Attempt should, therefore, be made to ban smoking in stages. People dependent on tobacco industry for their livelihood are to be provided with alternative means for economic support.

LIVE-IN-RELATIONSHIP

The Invisible Parts of Your Relationship. - Kim CochraneKim Cochrane

INTRODUCTION

Live-in-relationship means where the partners live together as husband and wife without marriage. It involves continuous cohabitation between the partners without any responsibilities or obligations towards each other. It resembles like marriage but in actual it is little bit different as marriage is a sacred bond accepted by the society whereas on the other hand live-in-relationship is not accepted by the society at large till now.

Change is the law of nature and where right we should change ourselves a bit over time like we have started changing our perspective on live-in-relation. As we live in a society where our customs, rituals, ceremonies, traditions, etc. matter a lot so it will take some time to accept this emerging concept at large.

 

 

 

LAW IN INDIA ON LIVE-IN-RELATIONSHIPS

A BOND BY HEART OR BY KNOT” A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON MARRIAGE AND LIVE IN RELATIONSHIP | RACOLB LEGAL

Marriages are governed by the personal laws of the parties to which they belong but there is no uniform code for Live-In-Relationship. There is neither any law relating to Live-in-relationship nor any enactment which can determine the rights and obligations of the parties living as partners. It is nowhere defined in the law but if two major consenting adults are living together without marriage for a long span of time it is not illegal or unlawful. However, court has interpreted this concept in various judgements. By interpreting it, court ascertained certain rights and is amending the existing legislations so that misuse of such relations can be prevented.

VARIOUS LEGISLATIONS

  • DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT,2005 : The provisions of the act are now extended to those who are in live-in-relationships as well. The amendments intend to protect the victims of domestic abuse in live-in-relation. Legislature has given the rights and protection to the females not legally married but living with a male individual in a relationship having resemblance of marriage. A woman who is in live-in-relationship can now seek the legal remedy against her partner in case of abuse or harassment.

Section 2 (f) of the Domestic Violence Act, 2005 defines :

Domestic Relationship means a relationship between two persons who live or have, at any point of time, lived together in a shared household, when they are related by consanguinity, marriage, or through a relationship in the nature of marriage, adoption or are family members living together as a joint family.

Section 2 (g) of the Domestic Violence Act, 2005 provides :

A relationship between the two individuals who live together or have lived together in the past is considered as a domestic relationship.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EVIDENCE ACT,1872 : It raises the presumption of the existence of the fact.

Section 114 of the Evidence act,1872 says :

The court may presume the existence of any fact which it thinks likely to have happened, regard being given to the common course of natural events, human conduct and public and private business, in a relation as to the facts of the particular case. Therefore, where a man and a lady live respectively for a long time as a couple then there would be an assumption of marriage between the two.

 

 

 

 

 

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE,1973 : 

The Supreme Court of India has confirmed the proposition in Velusamy vs. Patchaiammal case that a woman who was in a live-in-relationship with man not legally wedded is not entitled to claim maintenance under Section 125 of Criminal Procedure Code. However, if such a woman proves that she was in domestic relationship with the man in the nature of marriage would be entitled to claim maintenance under Section 20 (3) of Protection of Domestic Violence Act, 2005.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHILDREN BORN OUT OF LIVE-IN-RELATIONSHIP :

Legal Rights of a Child Born in a Live-In Relationship

In January 2008, the Supreme Court held that children born out of live-in-relationships will not be considered as illegitimate.

In Vidyadhari v Sukhrana Bai, the Supreme Court passed a landmark judgement wherein the Court granted inheritance to the children born from the live in relationship in question and ascribed them the status of “legal heirs”.

  • Maintenance can also be claimed by a child born out of such live-in-relationship under section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code,1973.

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUPREME COURT OBSERVATIONS AND JUDGEMENTS :

  • In the landmark case of S.Khushboo vs. Kanniammal (2010), the Supreme Court held that a live-in-relationship comes within the ambit of right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The court further held that live-in-relationships are permissible and the act of two major living together cannot be considered as illegal or unlawful.

 

  • In Lata Singh vs. State Of U.P & Anr., AIR 2006, the Supreme Court of India observed that live-in-relationship between two consenting adults of heterogenic sex does not amount to any offence (exception adultery which is decriminalized now) , even though it may be perceived as immoral.

 

 

  • In Indra Sarma vs. V.K.V.Sarma (2013), the Supreme Court observed that live-in-relationship like relations are neither a crime nor a sin though socially unacceptable in this country. The decision to marry or not to marry or to have a heterosexual relationship is intensely personal. 

 

  • In its recent judgement in the case of Pardeep Singh and Anr. vs. State Of Haryana

the Punjab & Haryana High Court : Live-In-Relationships not prohibited; such persons are entitled to equal protection of laws. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONCLUSION 

Live-in-relationships are not illegal or unlawful, if the two consenting adults are living together for a long period of time and that too without marriage.