The World of Nepotism

Welcome to the anti-meritocratic world, this world. What are you going to do about it? Will you stand back and watch while cronyism, nepotism, the old school tie, the private club, the right university, the right accent, the right background, the right secret society, the right religion, the right family, destroy merit so that their chosen ones can prosper at your expense. It’s time to smash the conspiracy. Break up all the mechanisms that allow privileged groups within society to rig the system in their favour and penalise anyone who doesn’t belong to their insidious cliques.
Michael Faust, The Meritocracy Party

Well , Its a very complicated questions . In the world, where one’s knowledge didn’t get recognition .

What would you do , when you get acknowledged not on the basis of your knowledge but on the basis of your relation with the owner ?

What would you do , if you don’t get promoted because you are not his /her relative ?

Do you ignore the fact that you are not the one , whom your boss approves?

Well , if you think it’s favouritism than you are absolutely correct . You may also come accross the word NEPOTISM and if you don’t than start reading the passage . (I did as well )

This 8 letter word is destroying everyone in today’s world. And who is responsible for creating such a hypocrite. We the people have to repose this curse and make sure to control it with our coming generations, else it will destroy the whole world. And there’ll be no humanity left in this world” –
Ikramul Hannah.

Introduction

Nepotism is a the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs.

Nepotism is generally defined as “the bestowal of patronage by public officers in appointing others to positions because of blood or marital relationship”.

Nepotism is found in almost all the fields but it is practiced most in business, politics, sports and entertainment sectors. It has been in practice since time immemorial, but some special cases have made it to the limelight in the past few decades.

Nepotism in India :

India has it’s fair share in the field of NEPOTISM . Well , have you ever expected that . I say , YES . Because being one of the largest country , people might become more thirsty for power . “When constantly reaching out for more, you forget what you have” Christine Szymanski.

Nepotism can be characterized as ‘the demonstration of utilizing force or impact to get out of line preferences for individuals from one’s family’.

You must be conflicted , why does nepotism exist even today ? We are living in 21st century , than why we have such orthodox thinking ? Who says no one can define what is going on in one’s mind ( well I say , isn’t is obvious ) .

From the politics to the Entertainment , from the owner to the customer, from the Bollywood to the Judiciary ; Nepotism is everywhere .

Like in OJO -MOJO , After the submission of writing competition , OJO’s class teacher asked him who wrote better . Is it MOJO or OLLY , what do you think whom he would choose . MOJO thinks OJO will choose OLLY because he likes her . But when the result announced MOJO was astounded because OJO choose MOJO’s writing . So , what do you think is it nepotism or not . Think and you will know the answer .

Bias has become the first qualification to join a party, and extreme bias the virtue to become a leader.

Link

The Memorandum of Association . ( Meaning , Definitions, Clauses , Importance )

A joint stock company does not come into existence on its own .

The Indian Companies Act contains provisions regarding the legal formalities for setting up a company .

The formation of a joint stock company passes through the following stages :-

• Promotion; • Incorporation ; • Raising of Capital ; • Commencement of Business .

Incorporation of a company requires legal documents to be filled with the Registrar of Companies of the State in which the registered office of the company is to be suitable .
Therefore, several legal documents and papers are prepared and filed with the Registrar of Companies.
Three most important documents include :-

• Memorandum of Association
• Articles of Association
• Prospects or Statement in lieu of prospectus.

Memorandum Of Association ( MOA):-

Memorandum of Association of a Company is one of the most important documents.
According to Palmer, “It is a document of great importance in relation to the proposed company.”

Memorandum of Association required to be filed with the Registrar of Companies at the time of formation of a company.
It defines the objects and scopes of the company’s activities as well as its relation with the outside world.
MOA is a document which contains the fundamental rules and regulations regarding the constitution and activities of a company .

MOA states the limits to which a company can proceed.
A company is said to be ‘ultra vires’ if it proceeds beyond the limits mentioned in the memorandum.

Memorandum of association is a public document .The entire structure of the company is detailed in the Memorandum of Association. Through the Memorandum of Association he will get all the details of the company. To know the company details one can contract with the company by obtaining the Memorandum of Association ,which can be obtained by paying the required fees to the Registrar of Companies.

Memorandum of Association is a legal document which describes the purpose for which the company is formed.
It is a foundation on which the superstructure of the company is built. It is mandatory for every company to have a Memorandum of Association.

Thus , Memorandum of Association is the charter of a company .

Definitions :-

“The Memorandum of Association of a company is it’s charter and it defines the limitations of the power of the company . The memorandum contains the fundamental conditions upon which alone the company is allowed to be incorporated.”
– Lord Cairns

“The purpose of the memorandum is to enable the shareholders , creditors and those who deal with the company to know it’s permitted range of activities .”
– Lord Macmillan.

According to the Indian Companies Act

“Memorandum means the Memorandum of Association of a company ,as originally framed or as altered from time to time in pursuance of any previous Companies Act .”
– Section 2(56) of Indian Companies Act , 2013.

Clauses of The Memorandum of Association

The Memorandum of Association contains the following clauses :-

1:
Name clause :-

•The name of the proposed company is mentioned in this clause.
• The name of the a company must end with the word ‘Limited ‘ in the case of public company and
‘ Private Limited ‘ in the case of a private company .
•The name should not be identical with the name of the existing company .
• The name should not be misleading i.e creating confusion regarding its nature of business .

2:
Registered office (i.e domicile ) clause :-

•The name of the ‘State ‘ in which the registered office of the company is to be situated is mentioned in this clause.
•This clause determines the jurisdiction of the Registrar of Companies and the court .
• This clause also ascertains the nationality of the company .
• The full address of the registered office must be communicated to the Registrar of Companies for future communication.

3: Object clause :-

This clause states the object with which the company is proposed to be established . A company is not legally entitled to do any business other than the specified in the object clause .

The object clause should include the following :-
•.the main objects to be pursued after incorporation ;
• incidental objects ancillary to the attainment of the main objects ;

The object clause must not include anything which is illegal or opposed to the public interest or against the general law of the country or Contradictory to the Companies Act itself.

4:
Liability Clause :-

This clause states the nature not the liability of the members of the company i.e whether limited by shares or by guarantee or unlimited .
• In the case of a company limited by shares , the member’s liability is limited to the face value of the shares .
• In case of a company limited by guarantee ,the liability clause must state the extent of liability of each individual member in the event of its being wound up .
• In case of an unlimited company ,the liability clause does not appear in the memorandum of association .

5:
Capital Clause :-

•This clause states the total capital of the proposed company .
• A company cannot collect funds exceeding the authorised capital.

The division of capital into equity share capital and preference share capital should also be mentioned.The number of shares in each category and their value should be given in the Memorandum.

6:
Subscription / Association Clause :-

The name , addresses , signature and descriptions of the signatories to the memorandum are given in this clause

This clause also states the amount and number of shares taken by the signatories of the memorandum . The number of signatories to the memorandum shall not less than :
• seven in case of public company
• two in the case of a private company.

Importance of Memorandum of Association

1:. Basis of Incorporation :- It is the basis of Incorporation of a company . A company cannot be registered without filing this document .

2: Informing the name , address, object , capital and liability of the company to outsiders :- Every outsider can easily obtain information about the company regarding its name , address , object , capital and liability etc., through the Memorandum of Association.

3: Determine the extent of working of the company :- It lays down the objects and scope of activities outside the scope of the fundamental will be ultra vires’ and void .

4:. Unalterable document :- The provisions of this document cannot be changed without passing a special resolution (passed by 75% majority ) . In certain cases ,the change can be made by seeking permission from the Company Law Board or Central Government .

5: Determining the relationship between the company and others :- It enables outsiders to know whether the company is authorised to enter into a particular transaction or not .

Difference between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association .

• Memorandum of Association is the fundamental charter of a company whereas articles are subsidiary to the charter .

• Memorandum defines the relationship between the company and an outsider whereas articles contain provisions for internal management of the company .

• Memorandum is the supreme document. It provides the area within the articles are to operate whereas articles are to act within the orbit of the memorandum .

• Memorandum cannot be altered easily whereas alteration of articles is easy .

• Registration of the memorandum is compulsory whereas registration of articles is not necessary in the case of a public company.

Globalization

Introduction

Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. It is used to describe the growing interdependence of world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, flow of investment, people, and information. Countries have built economic partnerships to facilitate these movements over many centuries and years. Globalization has accelerated since the 18th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology. The term gained popularity after the Cold War in the early 1990s, precisely after the fall of the Soviet Union, as these cooperative arrangements shaped the modern daily life.

Importance

This increase in global interactions has caused a growth in international trade and the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture. The wide-ranging effects of globalization are complex and politically charged. Economically, globalization involves goods, services, data, technology, and the economic resources of capital. Advances in transportation, like the steam locomotion, steamship, jet engine, and container ships, and developments in telecommunication infrastructure, like the telegraph, Internet, and mobile phones, have been major factors in globalization and have generated further interdependence of economic and cultural activities around the globe. Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization, economics, socio-cultural resources, and the natural environment. Academic literature commonly divides globalization into three major areas: economic globalization, cultural globalization, and political globalization

Negative Effects

Despite its benefits, the economic growth driven by globalization has not been done without awakening criticism. The consequences of globalization are far from homogeneous: income inequalities, disproportional wealth and trades that benefit parties differently. In the end, one of the criticisms is that some actors (countries, companies, individuals) benefit more from the phenomena of globalization, while others are sometimes perceived as the losers of globalization.

https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-globalization-definition-benefits-effects-examples/

New chief minister of Uttarakhand

Dhami is Uttarakhand’s third chief minister in nearly four months. Tirath Singh Rawat, who was sworn-in on March 10 as the successor to Trivendra Singh Rawat, resigned amid uncertainty over by-polls which he required to win to continue in office.

New Uttarakhand CM Pushkar Singh Dhami

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) announced on Saturday that Pushkar Singh Dhami will be the new chief minister of Uttarakhand, succeeding Tirath Singh Rawat, who stepped down from the post on Friday. Dhami, who is an MLA from the Khatima assembly constituency in the hill state’s Udham Singh Nagar district, was elected after a BJP legislature party meeting in Dehradun, which was chaired by Union agriculture minister Narendra Singh Tomar.

Data Breach – An Overview

A data breach occurs when sensitive, confidential, or otherwise protected data is accessed and/or disclosed without authorization. Personal information, such as credit card numbers, Social Security numbers, driver’s licence numbers, and healthcare records, as well as company information, customer lists, and source code, are all common data breach targets. A data breach occurs when someone who is not authorised to see or steals personal data from the entity in responsibility of securing it.

Causes of a data breach

While data breaches can take many forms, they are virtually usually the result of a weakness or flaw exploited by hackers to obtain access to an organization’s systems or processes. A data breach could be caused by a variety of factors, including:

weak login credentials
social engineering scams
malware or ransomware
phishing
lost or stolen hardware (laptops, hard drives, mobile devices)
lack of access controls
back doors
insider threats
user errors

Regulations on data breaches

To avoid data breaches, a number of business guidelines and government compliance rules need stringent controls over sensitive information and personal data. There are no particular laws that govern intellectual property protection. However, a breach of that type of data might result in serious legal conflicts as well as regulatory compliance concerns.

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) governs who can receive and use personal information (PII) in financial institutions and other businesses that handle financial data. Financial information such as bank account numbers and credit card numbers, as well as contact information such as names, addresses, and phone numbers, are examples of PII.

What can be done to avoid data breaches?

There is no single security technology or control that will completely eliminate data breaches. Commonsense security policies are the most reasonable means of preventing data leaks. These include well-known security fundamentals like:

conducting ongoing vulnerability assessments
penetration testing
implementing proven malware protection
using strong passwords/passphrases
consistently applying the necessary software patches on all systems

While these measures will help to prevent intrusions into an environment, experts recommend encrypting sensitive data, whether on-premises or in the cloud. Encryption will prevent threat actors from accessing the actual data in the event of a successful breach into the environment.

Well-written security rules for employees, as well as continuing security awareness training to promote those policies and educate staff, are further strategies for preventing breaches and minimising their impact.

Employees may be given the minimal minimum of permits and administrative rights to accomplish their jobs under such rules, such as the principle of least privilege (POLP).

In addition, firms should have an incident response plan in place in the case of a security breach or intrusion. A rigorous method for identifying, containing, and quantifying a security event is usually included in this strategy.

A list of notable data breaches

According to the 2020 Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report, the banking business has the most verified data breaches, followed by information services and the public sector. In recent years, there have been numerous massive data breaches at both huge corporations and government institutions.

Target:
Target Corporation revealed in 2013 that it had experienced a large data breach that exposed customer names and credit card information. People, state governments, and credit card companies have all filed lawsuits as a result of the Target data breach, which affected 110 million customers. Legal settlements totaled tens of millions of dollars for the company.

Sony Pictures:
When threat actors launched malware that disabled workstations and servers in late 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment’s corporate network was shut down. The data theft was blamed on a hacking group known as Guardians of Peace, which exposed unreleased films taken from Sony’s network as well as private communications from corporate leaders.

Source:
What is a data breach? (techtarget.com)

Child Labour and Kailash Satyarthi

The desperate conditions affecting the rural as well as the urban poor are forcing children to toil often in subhuman conditions. They are deprived of their basic rights as children including education and their joyful childhood. Most of them have never been to school. Some of them have dropped at a very young age.

Estimates of the number of child labour vary largely. According to 2001 census, 12.6 million children are working in India. But in a Supreme Court case last December, Ashok Agarwal, an advocate of non-governmental organizations submitted that 100 million children are out of school and working- that is half of India’s 200 million children.

India has the largest number of child labour in the world. They are employed in industries and trade, including garments, footwear, brick kilns, hotels, and textile shops. Many children work in export oriented hazardous industries. Girls are often subjected to trafficking.

Kailash Satyarthi

Kailash Satyarthi is an Indian child right and education advocate and an activist against child labour. He founded the Bachpan Bachao Andolan- Save the Childhood in 1980 and has acted to protect the rights of more than 83,000 children from 144 countries. It is largely because of Satyarthi’s work and activism that the International Labour Organizations adopted Convention No. 182 on the worst forms of Child labour, which is now a principal guideline for governments around the world.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsatyarthi.org.in%2F&psig=AOvVaw0FH2um2lnVjx2oRAc0z_6N&ust=1625483078110000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjhxqFwoTCJDalr2iyfECFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Electric Mushrooms- Torches for the locals’

When was the last time you came across wild mushrooms? Oh wait! Scratch that. Have you ever heard of glowing mushrooms? Yes, you read absolutely right. Don’t worry, in this article you’ll get to know everything about this miraculous mushroom.

It sounds like a psychedelic riddle, but believe me when I say that bioluminescent mushrooms are a reality.

There are about 120,000 known species of fungi, and amongst them only around 100 are known to be bioluminescent or in simple words, capable of emitting light. Before we dive in deeper let us first take a look at the story behind these fascinating and mind-blowing exotic species.

The story behind the discovery

Scientists were amazed on the discovery of the glowing mushrooms, used by locals as natural torches. During the monsoon season, a team of scientists from India and China embarked on a fungal foray in Assam. After hearing reports from the locals about the ‘electric mushrooms’, out of curiosity they headed to West Jaintia Hills District in Meghalaya.

It was drizzling that night and the team was guided by a local to the bamboo forest. Then the local asked them to switch off their torches.

The team was bedazzled by what they saw: amidst the darkness an eerie green glow emerged from a dead bamboo sticks that were covered with mushrooms.

The new species

The new species- named Roridomyces phyllostachydis- was first sighted near a stream in Meghalaya’s Mawlynnong in East Khasi Hills District. This mushroom was found only on the dead bamboo plants.

What does bioluminescent fungi means?

Bioluminescence is a property exhibited by living creatures to produce and emit light. The colour of the light emitted by the organism depends on their chemical properties.

In fungi, the luminescence comes from the enzyme, luciferase. The green light is emitted from the fungi when luciferans is catalysed by the enzyme luciferase, in the presence of oxygen. Luciferans give fireflies and the bioluminescent underwater creatures their characteristic glow as well. The mushrooms glow 24 hours and are not reactive.

Other bioluminescent mushrooms in India

Numerous glowing fungi have been reported in other parts of India as well. Two have been reported from the Western Ghats, one from the Eastern Ghats, and one in the state of Kerala, among others. Some have been spotted in Maharashtra and Goa as well, but they were not scientifically reported.

“Animals, plants, fungi and bacteria show bioluminescence. Bioluminescent organisms are usually found in the ocean environments, but they are also found on terrestrial environments. The colour of the light emitted by the organism depends on their chemical properties,” Samantha Karunarathna, mycologist from the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, who was part of the team that discovered the mushroom, told East Mojo.

Bioluminescence- https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/bioluminescence/#:~:text=Encyclopedic%20Entry%20Vocabulary-,Bioluminescence%20is%20light%20produced%20by%20a%20chemical%20reaction%20within%20a,reaction%20where%20light%20is%20produced.

Today’s Kalam Foundation

Today’s Kalam Foundation was started in the year 2016 in Hyderabad, by a group of intellectuals inspired by Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam, with the main objective of creating more Kalams to lead the way forward.

Mission

To impart quality education and enhance employability
To improve lives by effective health management
To empower women to stand on their own feet
To inspire and bring together intellectuals to contribute in community development

Vision

A reformed society, contributing to national development.

Activities

As of today, 15 Kalam Centers have been set up with over 450 children attending every day. Important national festivals like Independence Day, Republic Day etc are celebrated with gusto.

Currently, Today’s Kalam Foundation is focusing on expanding its activities to reach out to more underprivileged children in the Old City and reduce the consequences of lack of education. They plan to set up 50 more Kalam Centers which will touch the lives of over 1500 deprived children and give them access to education and life skills. Towards this, we are seeking volunteers based out of Hyderabad, trainers who could train volunteers and individual as well as corporate sponsorship

Become a Volunteer Today

Volunteer to teach children in our Kalam centers – Spoken English, Computers, Art & Craft. You can also be a part of the health camps and awareness sessions we conduct.

If you wish to help the poor please donate at

https://milaap.org/fundraisers/GSanjay

Please Support. Even 1 Rupee could bring a change.

100% of your contribution will go for this cause.

Today’s Kalam Foundation has been running Kalam Centers for Slum Children since 2017 and benefitting 450 children on daily basis.
Kalam Center :
TKF volunteers go to slums and choose a group of students who study in Govt. schools or who don’t go to schools. From the same slum a Mentor is employed and a “Kalam center” is established either in the nearby community hall/school premises/rented place. Generally, the Mentors are under/postgraduates. In these centers, the respective Mentors provide after – school support to the students for 2 hours per day.
Kalam Centers aims towards the holistic development of children, hailing from an under-resourced section of the society. The project covers various aspects viz., academic education, vocational training, personality development, health tips, hygiene & nutrition awareness, career counseling, and extra curriculum activities.
We are run Centers in Riyasatnagar,Hussainialam,Dabeerpura,N.M.Guda, MM Pahadi,Farath nagar,Edi Bazaar,Falaknama,Kanchanbagh,Moinbagh, Bapu nagar,Talabkatta& Babanagar.
Background of Children:
Most of the Children parents are Daily wagers men go for civil works,auto,road side shops ..etc.Few mothers go for Bangle Making and embroidary works or as servants to other houses.
Effect of Corona 2nd Wave:

In the Corona 2nd wave we have seen lot of positive cases in our Kalam Center Children families and as the family is dependant on elders and their income was affected .We have decided to support Corona Positive families with Sustenance Kits.
Our Work:

We have good wrapo with the families of Kalam Center Children from 2 years and can understand their pain.So we have decided to be with them during these hard times and decided to support Ration required for Corona Affected Families.

Request:
Sustenance Kit Rs 1000Home Isolation Kit Rs 800
For more details you can check our website http://www.todayskalam.org

Thank You

100% of your contribution will go for this cause.

Health Infrastructure in India

The pandemic has shown that India’s healthcare system is lacking on multiple ares and calls for a rework by all stakeholders. Government expenditure on health, demand-supply mismatch, and chronic shortages are just some of the problems.

In 2020-21, India spent 1.8% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on healthcare. With ‘health and well-being’ one of the six pillars of the Union Budget 2021-22, the government has committed approximately 2.5-3% of GDP now. Data shows that India has 1.4 beds per 1,000 people, 1 doctor per 1,445 people, and 1.7 nurses per 1,000 people. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), India ranks 184 out of 191 countries in health spending. The US spends over 16% of its total GDP on healthcare, while Japan, Canada, Germany etc. spend over 10% of their GDP on healthcare.

How have facilities coped with the pandemic?

Badly. The capacity of the healthcare system has been stretched to its limits with critical shortages of hospital beds, oxygen concentrators, life-saving drugs, medical supplies, disease surveillance etc. With urban India struggling to counter the onslaught of the second wave of covid-19, rural India’s threadbare healthcare system stands even more stressed.

On April 9, Harsh Vardhan said the country had “substantially ramped up” hospital infrastructure, with 75,867 ICU beds and 255,168 oxygen beds. But going by the crisis across states, these numbers seem inadequate. Public health experts say the Centre and the states must now work together to quickly add more beds, ICUs and ventilators and also open temporary Covid facilities. They must ensure uninterrupted supply of medical oxygen. Several states have launched online tracking of hospital beds, but these often fail to display real-time data, leading to harassment of patients. For milder cases, the district administrations can open home care facilities with regular tele-monitoring so that the load on hospitals can be reduced.

Does poor healthcare impact the economy?

At a micro level, increased expenditure adversely impacts savings and consumption levels. Reduced consumption leads to reduced demand, disincentivising producers to invest more in capital formation. In case of firms, poor health conditions impact physical and mental ability, worker turnover, and attendance, leading to lower productivity. At a macro level, lower economic efficiency results in lower production relative to inputs employed, leading to lower economic growth and reduced income generation.

What is needed to improve healthcare?

India is in desperate need of an all-encompassing public healthcare system. The need of the hour is to have a regulator who can work with states and ensure that the focus shifts to affordable health-care, availability of more health-care professionals, well-equipped facilities, and disease prevention instead of disease management. Inequity among states in terms of facilities needs to be minimized. The Centre needs to aim for 100% health insurance coverage.

Government Initiatives

Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government of India to promote Indian healthcare industry are as follows:

In March 2021, various states and UTs started implementation of the ‘Intensified Mission Indradhanush 3.0’—a campaign aimed to reach those children and pregnant women who were missed out or have been left out of the routine immunisation programme due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is aimed to accelerate the full immunisation of children and pregnant women through a mission mode intervention.
In March 2021, the Parliament passed the National Commission for Allied, Healthcare Professions Bill 2021, which aims to create a body that will regulate and maintain educational and service standards for healthcare professionals.
In the Union Budget 2021, investment in health infrastructure expanded 2.37x, or 137% YoY; the total health sector allocation for FY22 stood at Rs. 223,846 crore (US$ 30.70 billion).
The government announced Rs. 64,180 crore (US$ 8.80 billion) outlay for the healthcare sector over six years in the Union Budget 2021-22 to strengthen the existing ‘National Health Mission’ by developing capacities of primary, secondary and tertiary care, healthcare systems and institutions for detection and cure of new & emerging diseases.
In Union Budget 2021-22, the government announced its plans to launch ‘Mission Poshan 2.0’ to merge ‘Supplementary Nutrition Programme’ with ‘Poshan Abhiyan’ (Nutrition Mission) in order to improve nutritional outcomes across 112 aspirational districts.
The Government of India approved continuation of ‘National Health Mission’ with a budget of Rs. 37,130 crore (US$ 5.10 billion) under the Union Budget 2021-22.
In the Union Budget 2021, the Ministry of AYUSH was allocated Rs. 2,970 crore (US$ 407.84 million), up from Rs. 2,122 crore (US$ 291.39 million).

The Imposter Syndrome

What is Imposter Syndrome?

Imposter syndrome basically refers to internal feelings of insecurity or inadequacy that make you believe you are not as competent as people perceive you to be. Basically, it is when we feel like we are frauds, and that anything we have achieved in our lives has been because of pure luck or chance. While in some cases such feelings may cause people to start working harder and meet their own standards of competency, most often they serve as a constant source of anxiety. You may start overworking yourself and spending countless hours trying to get better to make sure no one ‘finds out’ about you.

Especially people who are highly skilled or who have achieved a lot and become successful in a particular field may begin to garner feelings of insecurity and feel that other people are just as skilled, if not even more skilled than them. They start to feel as if they don’t deserve their achievements and success, and that someone more qualified should have got them. Even some of the great people in history like Albert Einstein suffered from this syndrome. He believed himself to be an ‘involuntary swindler’ who did not deserve the recognition his work got. This shows how pervasive and powerful imposter syndrome is, where even a man like Albert Einstein who we now revere as a great scientist that contributed so much to the world, thought of himself as mediocre and undeserving of recognition or praise. This also shows there is no threshold of achievement that puts feelings of inadequacy at rest.

However, it is important to highlight feelings of imposterism are not only felt by highly skilled individuals. Everyone is susceptible to a phenomenon known as ‘Pluralistic Ignorance’ where we each doubt ourselves privately, but think we are alone in thinking that way because no one openly voices their self-doubt. Imposter syndrome is not necessarily a disease or an abnormality, and neither is it always tied to any mental illness like depression or anxiety. Every single person is prone to imposter syndrome, regardless of their race, gender, occupation or mental/physical health. The base cause of this is that we know ourselves from the inside, but we know others only from the outside, so we do not realise that everyone is flawed in some way, not only us. We know all our own shortcomings and weaknesses, but all we know about others is what they tell us, which is far narrower and edited. So we make the mistake of concluding that we have a lot more flaws than others do.

How to deal with Imposter Syndrome?

Perhaps the easiest and most common way to deal with imposter syndrome is to simply talk about it more. We slowly learn that many people around us suffer from the same problem, and become comforted by the fact that we are not alone in such ways of thinking. Once we have this awareness of the syndrome, we can combat it by collecting and revisiting positive feedback and reassuring ourselves of our competence. It also helps us understand that it is simply a negative way of thinking and is not always true.

Apart from this, we must also look inwards and start dealing with it on an internal level as well. This includes things like separating fact from fiction, where we must recognize that even though we have these feelings, they are not objectively true and that we are unreasonably doubting ourselves. We must also stop comparing ourselves with others and try to focus on our own standards of success, not everyone else’s. This is especially important in today’s age of social media, which is the primary cause nowadays for imposter syndrome. We must learn that social media is not real life and that we shouldn’t compare ourselves to what we see on it.

Still, it may be hard to completely eradicate these feelings, but having open conversations about it and self-reflecting and introspection definitely helps us in keeping them controlled. It highlights to us how common these experiences are and that we should not burden ourselves with them. This process of humanizing the world makes us understand that everyone is like us, with their own flaws and problems, and that we all deserve success and fulfilment.

BEST OF YOUTUBE – PART 1

TANMAY BHAT

He is one of the most hilarious stand-up comedian that I have come across. He is one of the co founder of a comedy group called All India Bakchod. His YouTube channel is a great source of free laughter therapy. His contents include daily vlogs, gaming streams, video reviews.

(Go and check out all parts of Mummy-Papa Pitai review, you’ll die laughing)

AVANTI NAGRAL

Avanti Nagral is a Artist, Song-writer, Influencer and a You-Tube who has completed a dual degree from Harvard University and Berklee College of Music. She uses her music to convey various social messages and creates YouTube contents to break the stereotyped norms by openly discussing sexual topics with her family members in a one-on-one interview, held in a very respectful manner.

(Check out her music video ‘Sun Toh Lo’)

JAY SHETTY

Jay Shetty is a 33 years old monk turned into a life-coach, author, podcaster, you-tuber and an influencer. His channel is inspirational to people of every age group however, his videos focuses on teenagers and young adults. His content includes podcasts and clips where he provides insight on the topics of motivation, wisdom, love and relationships.

THERAPY IN A NUTSHELL

As the name suggests, Therapy in a Nutshell is a YouTube channel owned by Emma McAdam, a Licensed Therapist who makes weekly videos on mental health skills that are easy to understand via YouTube videos and Online Courses. It’s a good platform for people to learn new personal skills and live better. Her video’s cover various topics from Depression, Anxiety, OCD to Sleep disorders and ways to control them. It’s definitely a good investment for people who are curious to learn about mental health.

RANVEER ALLAHBADIA

Ranveer Allahbadia aka BeerBiceps is one of the most famous Indian Youtuber, fitness mentor, social media influencer, and entrepreneur. It’s one of the most informative channels that I have come across. It includes videos on a variety of topics from finance, fashion, etiquette, grooming to meditation, yoga, body-building. They conduct one-on-one podcasts with famous Celebrities, Nutritionists, Health Experts, Monks, etc. Hence, his channel is a good source of free knowledge.

Travel the World!!

Figuring out how to travel the world is no easy feat, especially when you’re trying to do it on a budget or planning world travel with a family.

There are many factors to keep in mind when evaluating your trip, including what to do before leaving and your budget. To help you get started, we’ve put together a guide on how to travel the world, including everything from how to start looking into your trip to how to save money once you’re abroad.

Get prepared

If you want to travel the world, there are some planning measures you want to take first to ensure you have durable luggage and the proper documents — a passport and possibly visas — and figuring out how much time off you’ll need.

Book travel far in advance

After all that preparation, you’re ready to book your trip around the world, which will likely be a round-the-world plane ticket, a journey by sea, or a combination of flights and ground transportation.

Avoid hidden travel and communication fees

Once you’ve started your trip, there are tips and tricks to help you travel each destination across the world on a budget. City-pass offerings vary by location, but many will give you free or discounted admission to top attractions in a city, as well as fast-track options to cut lines

Choose Restaurants Wisely

While eating food from around the world is often one of the best parts of traveling, dining out for every meal can become expensive. To save some money: stay away from restaurants located near tourist attractions, which generally have higher prices and lower quality.

Ask about free amenities on flights and at hotels

Some airlines and hotels have free perks available to guests who know to ask for them. On flights, for example, travelers can request everything from ukuleles on some Hawaiian Airlines flights to hot chocolate on Southwest Airlines. Some hotels also offer free amenities that range from night lights, chargers and curling irons

reference-https://www.thetravelmagazine.net/articles

Laws in India children need to know

Out of tons of subjects and important topics missing from our Indian curriculum, laws are one of the most important.

Here are some laws each and every child needs to be aware of, regardless of all variable factors:

I LAWS AGAINST CHILD LABOUR

Image source: Google | Image by: **Nikita Roy**

Children below 14 years of age – can work in family enterprise or entertainment industry as artists with certain conditions

Children between 14-18 years of age- cannot work in any factory, mine or any other hazardous setting, without exception

Children cannot be made to overwork or even work night shifts.

These laws are made clear in article 24 of the Indian constitution and acts that were passed in its pursuance.

II LAW AGAINST SEXUAL OFFENCES

Image source: Google | Image by: Manisha Yadav scroll.in

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences(POCSO), amendment Bill 2019 protects children below 18 against:

Sexual assault against children
Child pornography
Harassment
Drugs being administered to them to bring about early sexual maturity

POCSO aims at making offences against children gender-neutral.

III ENSURING FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION

Image source: Google | Image by: **Aprajita Jha**

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE), 2009, Article 21A of the Indian constitution, ensures free and compulsory education to everyone between 6 to 14 years of age. 25% of seats in all private institutions are reimbursed by the state to which kids are admitted based on economic status or caste-based reservations.

The Right to education of a specially enabled child (under 18 years of age) has separate legislation that is laid down under the Persons with Disability Act.

IV PROHIBITION OF CHILD MARRIAGE

Image source: Google | Image by: OBJECTIVE IAS

Any marriage in which either the boy is under 21 or the girl is under 18, is child marriage.

Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 serves the following purpose:

Prevents child marriages
Protects the children involved
Prosecutes the offenders

Child marriages, under the above-mentioned act, are cognizable and non-bailable offences. This law also prescribes punishment for performing, conducting and abetting child marriage. Permitting or promoting these marriages by the parents of a child is punishable.

POCSO penalizes penetrative sexual assault on a child by anyone related to the child through marriage

Section 375IPC penalizes sexual acts with a girl below 18 years of age, with or without her consent.

V LAWS AGAINST TRAFFICKING

Image source: Google | Image by: *Jessica Gooding*

The Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill of 2018 addresses this crime affecting mostly children and women.

This bill addresses:

Aggravated trafficking for forced labour
Begging
Trafficking by administering chemical substances or hormones for the purpose of early sexual maturity
Trafficking for marrying, under the ploy of marriage or after marriage.
Promotion or facilitation of such crimes

So these were some of the children specific laws other basic laws such as the right to equality, right to life, right against discrimination etc. should also be taught to children.

Here are some of the basic ways we can spread awareness:

Including basic laws and fundamental rights in school textbooks.
Making young parents aware of the laws.
Workshops, seminars, etc. in educational institutions.
Including them in cartoon shows and podcasts for children.

To all the parents reading this, ensure your child is safe and comfortable and make them aware of all the laws to ensure their well-being.

To all the children reading this,

If you’re being hurt in any manner, verbal abuse, beatings, bad touch, not being provided with essentials or absolutely anything that is making you feel uncomfortable, REPORT.

Here are some of the few actions you can take:

Image source: Google | Image by: Sage Day

Tell a trusted adult, your parents, grandparents, school counsellors or teachers. You can also tell a friends’ parent, or any other adult you trust.

Don’t have an adult you trust, don’t worry as there is support available, you can always call childline number 1098.

As a child being harassed, you might be threatened to stay mum, but it’s important you raise your voice.

If you think any of your friends or someone you know is being abused or suffering in any manner, you should tell your parents or teachers.

Child-friendly mechanisms are used in all stages of your case and you don’t ever need to hesitate to report when something unfair is happening to you. You don’t deserve that ordeal.

References:

STARTUP STORIES – YULU

Yulu

Mobility Matters:

The world is evolving at a rapid phase which makes people turn into nimble-footed. People are endeavoring to match their 24 hours between their job and their life. This could be clearly understood when stood in a signal of a busy urban road. They try their level best to spare the time spent on their daily commute. The pandemic has taught us the best lesson that it’s always better to have alternative options to public transport modes. Because at certain times public transport is unreliable, time-consuming and exhausting. There are many possible alternative solutions offered for the same. One such hassle-free solution is to rent electric bikes and pay after the rode ends. This could be a revolution in urban mobility.

Yulu – the market changer:

Bangalore is one of the first Indian cities to adopt and explore new technologies. No wonder it’s known as the “ Silicon Valley of India. ”Many Multi-National Companies are headquartered in the city and hence the population is becoming denser day by day. Hence the commute problem is becoming crucial in the city. Yulu came as a game-changer in resolving the problems. Started in 2019 they launched with a fleet of 2000 electric scooters named Miracle.

You can simply download the Yulu app, find the Yulu zone, unlock the bike by scanning the QR code, ride the vehicle and once you end the ride you will be charged based on the distance you have covered. People like the idea for 2 reasons : * The user interface was easy to use *The bike had a decent range of 60kms and a speed of 25km /hour. Owing to the acceptance of the people in Bangalore, Yulu expanded its fleet in 2020. The startup operated in 4 major cities of India – Mumbai, Bangalore, Pune, and Bhuvaneshwar.

Reason for their success:

Early adopters: They addressed the mobility challenges of India with a service-based vehicle fleet at an early stage. The hassle-free commute experience with proper service and support attracted the consumers easily.
Consistent updates: They follow their customers so closely and understand their needs better. They improvised the charging infrastructure, added slots for carrying personal things etc.
Beginner-friendly: Since it’s a vehicle with a maximum speed of 25km/hr, it does not need a license for a ride. This has made the vehicle a beginner-friendly one.
Analyzing Algorithms: They have algorithms in the software which analyze the areas and time zones that hold peak demand. Based on the analysis they expand their zones of operation.
Alternative thinking: In the pandemic situation, the usage of YUlu bikes dropped significantly. Then they offered their bikes as service to frontline warriors, delivery executives, etc which has improvised their revenue and has also provided a better reach

The micro-mobility solution provider has been backed by a series of investors and AutomotivePioneer Bajaj. As its revenue has increased almost 2.5 times in the current year its expected to raise the next round of funding for its further expansions.

https://www.yulu.bike/products/miracle/

Tokens in Python

Token :- A token is the smallest unit of program. There are various tokens in python some of them are literals, keywords, identifiers, delimiters, operators, statements and expressions.

1. Literals

It refers to data item that have a constant value. Various type of literals are string literals, None (special literal), numeric literal and boolean literal.

2. Keyword

Python has some reserve words which have predefined meaning to its interpreter. It can’t be used as variable, mrthod or class name.

3. Identifiers

It is a name used to identify a variables, arrays and functions.

4. Variable

Variables are used as containers to store data. The data stored in a variable can be modified whenever needed.

5. Delimiters

Delimiters can be defined as a sequence of one or more character that is used to specify the boundary between separate independent region in plain text or other data streams.

6. Statements

A statements is a unit of code that python interpreter can execute.

7. Operators

Operators are used to specify operations to be performed in an expression.

Introduction

Nepotism in India :

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Causes of a data breach

Regulations on data breaches

What can be done to avoid data breaches?

A list of notable data breaches

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Mission

Vision

Activities

Become a Volunteer Today

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Get prepared

Book travel far in advance

Avoid hidden travel and communication fees

Choose Restaurants Wisely

Ask about free amenities on flights and at hotels

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1. Literals

2. Keyword

3. Identifiers

4. Variable

5. Delimiters

6. Statements

7. Operators

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