Month: July 2021

Glycolysis

is a metabolic pathway that forms the base for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In this process, glucose is converted into pyruvate. Pyruvate is a six-membered ring molecule and formed after the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars. It is a multi-step process and occurs in the cytoplasm of animal and plant cells. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. It creates ATP without the use of oxygen but can occur in the presence of oxygen also. It breaks down one molecule of glucose, (a 6-carbon molecule) into two molecules of pyruvate, (a 3-carbon molecule) in a controlled manner enzymatic reactions. After the breakdown, glucose becomes the main fuel for the cell. Following are the steps of glycolysis

1.The first step in glycolysis is the conversion of D-glucose into glucose-6-phosphate. Hexokinase is the enzyme catalyst here.

2. The rearrangement of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) into fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) takes place in this second step.

3. Fructose 6-phosphate is converted into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate using magnesium as a cofactor.

4.The enzyme Aldolase splits fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars that are isomers of each other. These two sugars are dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).

5.The enzyme triphosphate isomerase rapidly inter- converts the molecules dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).

The above five steps are considered as a preparatory phase

6.Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) dehydrogenates and adds an inorganic phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, producing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

7. A phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is transferred to ADP to form ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.

8. P from 3- phosphoglycerate from the 3rd carbon to the 2nd carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate is relocated in this step.

9. A molecule of water is removed from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) by an enzyme enclose.

10. A P from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP to form pyruvic acid and ATP.

The last five steps are known as the pay off phase.

10 TIPS TO END A CONVERSATION

1. I’d better get going.

2. I have to rush off now.

3. Let’s meet up again son, bye for now.

4. Let’s get together soon. Take care.

5. You have been amazing

6. It was wonderful to talk with you. I must be going

7. It was great to see you again.

8. Sorry I’ve gotta go

9. Its been good talking to you

10. I look forward seeing you again soon.

MUMBAI AN EXPENSIVE CITY IN INDIA

The most expensive city in India is none other the city of dreams, the city that is better known as the home of ‘Bollywood’, Mumbai. It is the capital city of Maharashtra and it is also the economic capital of India too. Though it has less area for building many homes, because of a lot of beaches and sea areas, it has very tall buildings and thus very little space to breathe. Since it has a lot of posh people, the cost of expense is higher than all the other cities in the country.

It is not surprising that Indian cities are emerging to be among key contenders providing a business case to relocate operations for manufacturing or services for reasons such as skill availability, cost competitiveness and attractiveness to mobilize executives to conduct business.

Bengaluru has witnessed the highest jump in ranking, on account of surge in prices, especially on items pertaining to food and personal care. The city is also one of the most expensive cities in India on account of transportation, which include taxi fares, cost of auto and auto parts as well as running costs, it said.

The city of Mumbai occupies a peninsular site on Bombay Island, a landmass originally composed of seven islets lying off the Konkan coast of western India. Since the 17th century the islets have been joined through drainage and reclamation projects, as well as through the construction of causeways and breakwaters, to form Bombay Island. East of the island are the sheltered waters of Mumbai ( Bombay) harbour. Bombay Island consists of a low-lying plain, about one-fourth of which lies below sea level; the plain is flanked on the east and west by two parallel ridges of low hills. Colaba Point, the headland formed on the extreme south by the longer of those ridges, protects Mumbai Harbour from the open sea.

The natural beauty of Mumbai is unsurpassed by that of most other cities in the region. The entrance into Mumbai Harbour from the sea discloses a magnificent panorama framed by the western Ghats mountain range on the mainland. 

20 OTHER WAYS OF SAYING NO

1. That’s not going to work for me.

2. I would love to, but I cant

3. No thanks, I wont be able to make it

4. Not this time

5. Regrettably, I am not able to

6. May be another time.

7. My schedule is literally tight. May be another time.

8. I’m not able to commit to that right now

9. My heart doesn’t want to say no but my mind knows that I’d not be up to this plan.

10. The plan sounds fun but I’m not available.

11. That sounds a little off to me.

12. I am already taken

13. That’s really kind of you asking me for the plan but I am in for another one.

14. Sounds great, but I cant commit.

15. Rats! Would’ve loved to.

16. I’m slammed.

17. If only it worked.

18. Another time might work.

19. I’m resting now.

20. No, thank you but it sounds lovely.

Thousand Splendid Suns

If you are looking for heart breaking , yet fulfilling novel to read, then its the right time to pick up “Thousand Splendid Suns”.It is heart wrenching story of Mariam written by Khaled Hosseini. The book was published in 2007 and many loved it.

This book follows a story of a girl from Herat village , who was forced to marry a shoe maker at very young age. As the time passes , she learns many things, she grows accustomed to her husband’s behaviors and learns to compromise in life but her life completely alters when her husband marries for the 2nd time to a young, brave and educated girl , Laila

Here you will see unimaginable bond of two girls, both coming from different background, having different personalities , yet they have so many similarities to relate with. This book also gives details of Taliban rule in Afghanistan. The way women were treated and tortured. The hardships women had to suffer and the pain they endured. It shows the devastated life of civilians when the war outbreaks. It shows how this war intertwined the fate of two unfortunate girls.

This is a story of bravery, love , happiness and Mariam. If you are ready to cry your eyes out, then this it .

AIDS Awareness

AIDS Awareness

AIDS or Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome is a dreaded disease because it is not yet curable. This killer disease is spreading rapidly throughout the world. It is a disease which can strike anyone, anytime and anywhere unless proper precautions and preventive measures are taken. There are many misconceptions about the disease and the way it spreads. Even a majority of educated urban population is in the dark as far as this fatal and incurable disease is concerned. Many educated young men, women and adults are in the illusion that it can happen only to the prostitutes, rickshaw pullers, truck drivers, labourers or illiterate villagers. The illusion and ignorance is taking a heavy toll on the young men and women in school, colleges and universities and an increasing number of them are being attacked by HIV.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

This killer disease is caused by a retrovirus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks the human immune system by causing increasing loss of T-4 cells of blood. These cells are primarily responsible for energizing immune responses. The HIV infection gradually destroys the entire resistance system and then the patient succumbs to the diseases. The HIV remains somewhat dormant for 10-15 years and it makes its detection difficult in the early stages mainly because the victim remains totally unaware of it and does not go for diagnosis. It makes the diagnosis difficult and the problem more complicated. And then, finally the is caught unaware one day, when he proves HIV positive in the later stages. Within this period he might have transmitted the virus including many innocent children. This is the horrible nature of this disease.

There are about 30 million people affected with AIDS worldwide. In India, there are about 2.4 million confirmed AIDS patients in 2008 according to the statistics of UN AIDS and NACO. The disease is spreading fast in big cities and towns mainly because of lack of proper awareness among the masses. The disease spreads through homo and heterosexual contacts. Intravenous drug abuses, transfusion of blood products from infected persons are other causes of transmission of the dreaded disease. The other cause of its transmission is from infected mothers to their babies.

The disease is still incurable in spite of intensive and worldwide research. However, a patient’s life can be prolonged by 4-5 years by administration of certain drugs and medicines and proper and intensive care of the patient. But these medicines and care are very expensive and beyond the reach of most of the HIV patients. Moreover, the AIDS virus soon develops into a resistant strain to a particular medicine. And it necessitates the administration of a combination or cocktail of a number of drugs. It makes the patient’s care all the more expensive. For want of proper drugs and care the patient does a slow, lingering and painful death. Moreover, an AIDS patient is rejected by one and all. Even close relations refuse to accept an AIDS patient because of mainly misconception about the disease.

Casual contact like handshake or embrace of the HIV patient does not transmit the disease. It cannot be transmitted either by mosquito bite. Though there is no cure for the virus but still the patients deserve better care and treatment from the society. A combination of certain very costly drugs given to the patient can certainly minimise the complication yo certain extent and increase the life of an AIDS patient. These medicines should be produced on a large scale to make them less expensive. They should be made easily available on subsidised rates. The problem can be eased further by a mass movement in its awareness. The students in schools and colleges should be taught how to avoid the disease and help the infected people. There are many problems, issues and questions related to the AIDS patients which need to be discussed and debated before any decision can be taken about them. Really, it is a crisis of humanity and the mankind and should be treated as such. If not, no country or society can successfully fight the menace of AIDS.

Symptoms of AIDS

Supernatural Creatures

Supernatural creatures are not explainable by the laws of nature. They have abilities which are superhuman. Abilities like magic, levitation, mind control, extra sensory perceptions.
They have been mentioned in various forklore and mythological books and contexts. It states that humans believe in a superior power, good and bad. We can know more about these supernatural creatures from various movies and tv shows like the vampire diaries, lucifer, twilight, conjuring, supernaturals, etc. But they have showed some creatures like hybrids (vampire and werewolf) , and heretics (vampires with magical powers) which are not mentioned in any mythological history and are fictional.
Although there is no proof that they still exist but some paranormalists believe that ghosts and spirits do exist.
Some supernatural creatures and phenomenons :
1. Deity – They are the believed to be god, a supreme power. They are worshipped by people.
2. Angels – They are said to be the intermediataries between god and earth. They protect the children of god.
3. Prophecy – They are said to be the ones who completes God’s task on earth.
4. Revelation – When god or the good spirit appreas in form of visions or dreams.
5. Reincarnation – When the supernatural starts living inside the bodies of others.
6. Spirits – They are ghosts or angels.
7. Demon – A bad entity as said in religious history.
8.  Witchcraft – Practice of magical powers in a person.
9.  Miracles – Events which are not explainable by nature or scientific laws.
10. Banshee – Female spirit who’s whining amd crying is fatel.
11. Elf – Legendary beings who are mysterious and small.
12. Devil – Evil subordinates or bad spirits who harm humans.
13. Dwarf – Small creatures with magical powers.
14. Fairies –  Who are human like with magical powers and seem to keep others happy.
15. Genie – Creature who fulfils his master’s wishes.
16. Ghost – Spirit of a dead person who haunts people.
17. Giant – A mythical creature of superhuman size.
18. Golem – Artificially created human being by supernaturals.
19. Guarding angel – Who protects a person.
20. Imp – A small creature
21. Leprechaun – A small creature who is mysterious and troublesome.
22. Pixie – A fairy or elf.
23. Vampires – Human like creatures who cannot stand sunlight and drink human blood to survive.
24. Werewolf- A human like creature who turns into a wolf on certain specific occasions.
25. Wraith- A supermatural spirit who reanimates a dead body
26. Sirens – The legend of Greek mythology states that the monstrous women would sing enticing songs and lure sailors to their doom to eat them.
27. Basilisk – A serpentine creature who, much like the Gorgons of Greek myth, can kill with one look.
28. Phoenix – The golden bird who, at the end of its life, burst into flames only to be reborn again.
29. Cyclopes – The one-eyed giant who captured and ate people.
30. Centaurs – With the top half of a human and the full body of a horse.
31. Goblin –  a small grotesque supernatural creature, regarded as malevolent towards human beings.
32. Troll – one of a class of supernatural creatures that dwell in caves or mountains and are depicted either as dwarfs or as giants.

RTI ACT and Investigative Journalism.

Just like citizens, the RTI act has enabled lot many journalists in the country to investigate regarding their concerned issues. RTI act over the years has become an important weapon for journalists to divulge hidden and lesser known information. RTI act has become so crucial and an “everyday thing” for some journalists that they have build their entire career out of it.

Some of the famous cases where RTI act has helped journalists in their investigation procedure are:

1) Chhatrapati Shivaji Memorial Project by journalist Mr. Vishwas Waghmode:

Mr. Waghmode, a journalist at the time in The Indian Express investigated the controversial Chhatrapati Shivaji Memorial project. According to him, the initial cost quoted by the contractor was Rs.3826 crores which was supposed to be the lowest bid as opposed to the government’s bid which was Rs.2500 crores. The government in order to resolve this issue set up a committee led by the chief secretary in order to renegotiate the cost which successfully got the cost down to the government’s estimate of Rs.2500 crores. Mr.Waghmode in connection with this case stated that the rules do not allow renegotiation but rather they are supposed to issue fresh tenders. He further added that the opposition was alleging the government had reduced the height of the statue in order to reduce the cost which the government vehemently denied.

In order to have the “genuine information”, he took the help of RTI act. Mr. Waghmode discovered and revealed how the government had in reality decreased the height of the statue and the horse by 7.5m. But in order to show that the height of the statue was not reduced, they had instead increased the height of the sword by 7.5m. He further revealed that since the sword was straight, the amount of money required to build the sword was quite less when compared to the reduction in height and that in turn helped them reduce the cost by a substantial amount.

RESULT:

When all of this came into the public eye, the State Government could not justify why the height of the sword was increased and was in deep shame.

2) HONORARY DOCTORATE SCAM by Shyamlal Yadav.

When we talk about investigative journalism in India, we can never ignore this name, that is, Shyamlal Yadav. In 2018, Mr. Shyamlal Yadav in The Indian Express published a series of investigative reports on how India has emerged as one of the biggest markets for “predatory” publishers of substandard research journals.


On February 6, 2018, The Indian Express scrutinised over 500 RTI applications filed over 470 higher educational institutions to find that monitoring authorities, and hundreds of politicians and bureaucrats were awarded such degrees between 1997 and 2017.

The list for instance included former director of IISC, who received 18 honorary doctorates from public universities between 2006 and 2012 when he was chairman of NAAC’s EC. The list also had several UGC chairmen who had such degrees during their tenure.


RESULT:
Rules were made by higher authorities in 2019 after the investigative report via RTI files whereby NAAC officials, family weren’t allowed to accept honorary doctorates from institutions under their watch. RTI was used to dig out crucial facts in this case.

3) Discontinuation of LIC policies by Shyamlal Yadav

Shyamlal Yadav got information through RTI from Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) that there were 59 million insurance policies those were lapsed permanently due to discontinuance of premium. And the premium deposited since then had become LIC property. Despite many efforts LIC did not provide the info on total money deposited against those policies till the date they lapsed. As a result, Indian Express published the story about the discontinuation.


RESULT:


Within 25 days of publication of the story, LIC issued fresh
advertisements regarding renewal of policies.

4) Streams of Filth by Shyamlal Yadav:

This was an investigation by Shyamlal Yadav regarding water pollution in India that took over one year. About 39 RTI applications regarding expenses by Government on water projects were filed.
It came into notice that large amount of money was spent by Government for water purification projects but there was little effect on nation’s lifelines.
The story was published in The Indian Express and was selected by UNESCO as one of the 20 best Investigative pieces in the world.


RESULT:
Central Pollution Control Board said the rivers of India are not just polluted but severely toxic.

INSTANCE ON PUBLIC PLACES INJUSTICE.

A woman receives sexual harassment from a man in public transport.

Sexual harassments are becoming the worse part of people in public places. This kind of act is provoked by men in a very aggressive way that women can’t tolerate as well as be untold to others. Similar circumstance happened in a place while I was travelling to my native via public transport. I noticed that a family along with their relatives was travelling for a grand occasion I suppose. The family comprises of an adult girl along her little brother accompanied by their parents. As hours passed everyone felt drowsy and were fast asleep soon. While I was half awake, I noticed from a distance that the girl seating place has changed after sometime that she was with her uncle and his family was in one of their dreams.

“A STRONG WOMAN STANDS UP FOR HERSELF. A STRONGER WOMAN STANDS FOR EVERYONE ELSE.”

“WE DON’T WANT TO USE THE TERM ‘HARASSMENT’.WHAT IS HAPPENING TODAY IS SEXUAL TERRORISM.”

She as a small child without knowing the trouble trusting her uncle whole-heartedly.  But as being unnoticed by anyone his activities become suspicion and strange also. His touch was becoming worse after which the girl woke up. Inspite, of his worse activity she couldn’t express it to anyone as it was her own bloodline relative. Her struggle to relieve herself from him ended up in a failure. I can’t able to do anything because it was their own family people which could not be outspoken. It is also a shame for men because of these people wandering in this world. She felt the most indigestible moment until she got escaped from it. At that situation her sacrifice and tolerance were beyond words. I felt empathetic I express this happening and to share it to you at this place. I couldn’t control my tears flowing for this unacceptable incident. “Treat and respect women” is the quotes said by women protestors but animals like men forge them to do so.  “Freedom is something when women are treated with equal dignity and respect like men”, ’Women are not statues, they are even humans’ ,do try to treat them and share them with your thoughts and I request elders or guardians of female child to teach them to fight against this issue so that people will realize to punish such bastards.

“DON’T BE ASHAMED OF YOUR STORY, IT WILL INSPIRE OTHERS”

INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

India, being a developing country, has a lot of work to do to improve its education system. Despite its progress, India’s education system still lacks some of the basic needs for the country’s development. Education is critical to a country’s development and to an individual’s success. Because a lack of sufficient education has already resulted in poverty and despair in India, it is critical to strengthen the country’s educational system.

In recent years, India’s education system has been plagued by a slew of challenges that have hampered students’ growth and development. The grading system is a curse to our system, which assesses pupils’ intelligence based on their academic exam results. This makes pupils feel insecure, even if they are talented in other areas. Every person has their own unique talents, and judging them solely on the basis of their grades is absurd. As a result, even if they don’t understand what they’re writing, children do their hardest to achieve good grades in the exam. They’ve turned into bookworms with no practical expertise.

In the pursuit of higher grades, they are unable to learn the subjects adequately. Many pupils have been rendered jobless and unfit of society due to a lack of practical expertise. They are unable to obtain employment based on their education and study.

What can we do to improve our education system?

Rote learning: We have improved over time, but we have not yet been able to break free from rote learning. While we recognize that IB schools are transforming education at the local level, we must also recognize that the population of students who attend IB schools is extremely small. The education system that they provide is not affordable to everyone. As a result, the government must seize the initiative and eliminate rote learning from all levels of education. Schools should be encouraged to implement conceptual learning, which prevents students from memorizing what they are taught. This will not only help students grasp the concepts better, but it will also help them retain and apply them more effectively.

System of evaluation: Grades remain the most crucial aspect in determining a child’s future, and this is generally viewed as a burdensome factor for pupils. Students commonly underperform due to the pressure of grades. Rather than relying on a three-hour exam, the focus of the evaluation should be on a student’s classroom involvement, projects, communication and leadership abilities, and extra-curricular activities. Only then will pupils do their very best and be evaluated accordingly.

All subjects should be treated equally: We are still surviving in an educational system where the science stream has overturned the stream hierarchy. Students are pressured to become a machine that solely studies high-profile topics, whereas disciplines such as languages, communications, and the arts are shunned. Instead of creating a distinction between disciplines, students should be encouraged to pursue the subject they enjoy.

Introduction of technology: As we all know, the fourth industrial revolution has begun. We are in the midst of a technological renaissance, and technology and education cannot be separated in this situation. Students must be taught about technology beginning in elementary school so that it does not seem alien to them later in life. Indian schools must embrace technology and education with an open mind and teach it to pupils since it is there that their future resides.

Teach them the aim of education: The qualities that colonial educators established into our educational system are still present. It is not always about becoming a huge, wealthy person through education. The focus should be on humanism. Students should also be taught about life’s morality and instilled with humanistic values. They should be educated that life is about so much more than money, and that success isn’t measured in dollars. We can reach the level of the best education system in the world if the Indian education system starts adopting these things seriously. It is critical that we, as a country, begin to elevate education beyond the subpar level with which we have become accustomed and begin to view education holistically.

Hiccups

Hiccups(hichki). They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically don’t think of them as concerning. They’re usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a of couple days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition.

What causes hiccups (hichki)?

Hiccups seem to come from the chest–a quick influx of air that hits your vocal cords and causes a little sound. The spasm that causes a hiccup is really coming from your diaphragm or the nerves that control it. Some common causes include:

  • Eating too much or too fast
  • Feeling excited, nervous or scared
  • Drinking carbonated beverages or too much alcohol (sometimes in excess)
  • Stress
  • A sudden change in temperature
  • Swallowing air while chewing gum or sucking on candy
  • Irritation of the esophagus

Esophageal reflux is a common cause of hiccups. Prolonged hiccups, though, could be caused by direct post-surgical irritation of the phrenic or vagus nerves. Irritation can also be caused by cancers of the chest or neck. Rarely, hiccups can be associated with disorders of the brain–including tumors and strokes, among others—or cardiovascular disease. Some medications can trigger long-term hiccups, too.

Finally, hiccups can also persist without an apparent cause.

What really gets rid of hiccups?

Before we worry too much about serious conditions, let’s consider some of the many recommendations to get rid of your hiccups. One of the most common is temporarily holding your breath to disrupt your breathing pattern. It can be helpful, and it doesn’t carry much risk to try.

As mentioned, the vagus and phrenic nerves affect your diaphragm. They’re part of your autonomic nervous system, which controls your heart rate and breathing.

Maneuvers that affect the nerve reflex may knock out your hiccups. The Valsalva maneuver is performed by attempting to exhale while closing your mouth and pinching your nose shut at the same time. You’ll bear down a bit as well, trying to (unsuccessfully) expel air, as if blowing up a balloon.

This motion stimulates the vagus nerve, called a vagal nerve response, and it can interrupt the hiccups. I like to think of it as rebooting your nervous system; sort of a reset for the irritated nerves.

Ingesting ice or applying mild pressure to your closed eye might also reboot this nervous system response.

You also may get rid of hiccups with a spoonful of sugar to stimulate the back of your throat (which also might cause a vagal nerve response). Eating peanut butter from a spoon might relax the back of your throat and could help. Interestingly, some patients have had success getting rid of hiccups by eating a lemon wedge.

The one common recommendation to be cautioned against is the tradition of scaring someone to rid them of hiccups. While the gasp of fright may induce a vagal nerve response that interrupts the spasm, it also risks dangerous side effects: If you scare someone, they could lose their balance and fall, and being startled may also negatively impact an underlying heart condition.

Scripting languages

Introduction to Scripting Languages


All scripting languages square measure programming languages. The scripting language is essentially a language wherever directions square measure written for a run time surroundings. {they do|they square measure doing} not need the compilation step and are rather understood. It brings new functions to applications and glue advanced system along. A scripting language may be a artificial language designed for desegregation and communication with different programming languages.

There square measure several scripting languages a number of them square measure mentioned below:

bash: it’s a scripting language to figure within the Linux interface. it’s tons easier to use bash to form scripts than different programming languages. It describes the tools to use and code within the command and build helpful reusable scripts and conserve documentation for others to figure with.
Node js: it’s a framework to write down network applications mistreatment JavaScript. company users of Node.js embrace IBM, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Netflix, PayPal, Yahoo for period net applications.
Ruby: There square measure tons of reasons to be told Ruby artificial language. Ruby’s flexibility has allowed developers to form innovative software system. it’s a scripting language that is nice for net development.
Python: it’s simple, free and open supply. It supports procedure-oriented programming and object-oriented programming. Python is associate degree understood language with dynamic linguistics and big lines of code square measure scripted and is presently the foremost hyped language among developers.
Perl: A scripting language with innovative options to form it totally different and in style. Found on all windows and Linux servers. It helps in text manipulation tasks. High traffic websites that use Perl extensively embrace priceline.com, IMDB.
Advantages of scripting languages:

Easy learning: The user will learn to code in scripting languages quickly, not abundant information of net technology is needed.
Fast editing: it’s extremely economical with the restricted range of information structures and variables to use.
Interactivity: It helps in adding visualisation interfaces and mixtures in websites. fashionable websites demand the utilization of scripting languages. to form increased websites, fascinated visual description which has background and foreground colours and then on.
Functionality: There square measure {different|totally totally different|completely different} libraries that square measure a part of different scripting languages. they assist in making new applications in net browsers and square measure totally different from traditional programming languages.
Application of Scripting Languages: Scripting languages square measure employed in several areas:

Scripting languages square measure employed in net applications. it’s employed in server facet in addition as consumer facet. Server facet scripting languages are: JavaScript, PHP, Perl etc. and consumer facet scripting languages are: JavaScript, AJAX, jQuery etc.
Scripting languages square measure employed in system administration. For example: Shell, Perl, Python scripts etc.
It is employed in Games application and multimedia system.
It is accustomed produce plugins and extensions for existing applications

5 Best Colleges from All Over the World

When it comes to higher study everyone wants to attend the best colleges. If you are a student you also have the same dream. It is also same for an engineering student. I am listing Some best colleges below, which are eventually the dream college for not only engineering student but for every student from every other education field.

MIT
  1. MIT or Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA: It is one of the renowned colleges in the world, which is situated in Massachusetts of USA. It was established in 10th April of 1861.It accepted 7% students from all over the world. Their moto is “Mind and Hand”. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available .MIT holds the greatest number of Nobel winners, the notable alumni of these college are Kofi Annan, Richard Feynman, Raghuram Ranjan, Jairam Ramesh Katie Bowman and others. Subjects: language, law, Technology, general science, business ,art social & every other subjects . One can admitted here by GRE, GMAT, CAT etc. international examination.
Stanford University

2.Stanford University: It is one of prestigious college for student. It was established in 1891 in the world by Leland Stanford and Jane Stanford. Their Moto is “the wind of freedom blows”. It situated in Stanford in California in USA. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available .The  subjects which are taught here are language, law, Technology, general science, business and everything. It accepts 4.3% students from all over the world, it has some Nobel winner students and professors. Notable alumni of this college are Larry Page, Reed Hastings, Mukesh Ambani, Jennifer Connelly, Elon Musk, Stephen Brayer and others. One can admitted here by GRE, GMAT, CAT etc. internal examination.

Cambridge University

 3.University of Cambridge: Their motto is “from this place, we gain enlighten and precious knowledge”. It was first established in 1209 AC .It is one of the oldest and prestigious college in the world. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available . It is situated in Cambridge in UK. It accepted 21% students from all over the world. Subjects taught here are language, law, Technology, general science, business and everything. It also has noble winner students and professor. Notable alumni are Stephen Hawking, Charles Darwin, John Milton, Emma Thompson. Rajiv Gandhi. One can admitted here by GRE, GMAT, CAT etc. internal examination.

NTU

Nanyang Technical University (NTU):It is situated in Singapore. It is one of the oldest University. It was established on 1st August 1981. It has continuously ranked with 100 from all over the world. 36% students from all over the world are accepted in the University. GATE score is acknowledged here for the admission of Indian student. Subjects which are available — language, law, Technology, general science, business and everything. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available .Notable alumni are Melvin Yong, Cheryl Chan, Darryl David, General Tito Karnavian,  Inderjit Singh, Shirley Meng and others.

Harvard University

5.Harvard University: It is situated Cambridge, USA. The motto of the University is “truth”. It was established in 1636. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious University. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available. It accepts only 4% students from all over the world .The subject taught here are — language, law, Technology, general science, business and everything. Notable alumni are John Adams, Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Benazir Bhutto, Bill Gates, Michael Obama, Barack Obama. There are so many Nobel Prize winner is from this university. One can admitted here by GRE, GMAT, CAT etc. international examination.

BOOK REVIEW: PATHER PANCHALI

Pather panchali is iconic novel of Bibutibhushan Banerjee. The story originally written in Bengali. It was first published as a set of preodically in 1928 which was later put together as a book in 1929. The story is basically a bildungsroman of the child protagonist Apu whose narration is somewhat related to the author’s own childhood. “Pather” means the path or journey while “Panchali” means a folk poem/song,which can be put loosely as “Song of the Road”. 

The plot:

The plot is set in the village of Nischindipur where the family of Apu lives in a ancestral home of their Grandmother Indir Thakuran who happens to be the aunt of Apu’s father Harihor Rai who is the priest but not a man of pratical affairs. Another important person in this story is Indir Thakurun who has lost her whole family and is forced to live alone. So she accepts the proposal of letting in Harihor and their family members who were far off relatives to her. While Sarbhojaya is overly offensive on the old lady with whom they are forced to share their meager rations (although they are living in the old lady’s home) Durga,her daughter and Apu’s elder sister is sympathetic and has a filial affinity towards the old lady. Whenever the old lady leaves the house unable to bear the indifferent attitude meted out on her by Sarbhojaya,it is Durga who drags her grandma back to the home,with her innocent and gleeful talk.One day after an altercation between the two, Indir Thakrun refuses to come back forever and despite repeated calls by Durga she yields no ground. Durga is the quintessential free-spirited girl who refuses to be never bogged down by the difficulties and is presented as a cheerful and happy-go-lucky kind of girl. She has her own shortcomings;especially her propensity to steal things. She doesn’t mind taking away the things which she likes very much such as mangoes from trees of other family people of the village;the bead necklace from her neighbours etc. But she has a good and kind heart. It is just that poverty and failure to fulfill her desires forces her to steal them and behave like a kleptomaniac. Apu is more of an innocent kid who has followed in his father’s footsteps as it can be seen that he is more interested in the scholarly books and articles that are brought home by his father and is more happy to be left alone writing poems and plays of his own, unlike his sister who is an bubbling with hyperactivity and easily approaches any person with whom she wishes to interact. He is more of a shy kid who driven by her sister’s actions. Together they share the simplest of joys which any young brother and sister can have,like eating secretly the stolen mangoes from neighbour’s backyard,running after a candyman who passes through the village,watching a kaleidoscope shown by a vendor and being marvelled by its exquisiteness,walking miles far away from their home just to have a glimpse of the train and so on. As Harihor fails to make any considerable income from the village,he decides to try his luck elsewhere. He promises Sarbhojaya to come back soon with lots of money and gifts for kids. Although he goes here and there,his search goes in vain for the major part. So occasionally he sends a small token amount home which is not at all sufficient to run the family chores. They fall into greater poverty in this period. Adding to their woes Durga falls ill and cyclone hits them at the same time.Due to lack of medical facilities in the nearby village and monetary problems she fails to fully recover from the fever and on a stormy night the dilapidated house collapses partially and also takes away the life of Durga.

Finally Harihor gets a good opportunity as a family priest of a rich family. Brimmed with joy and unaware of the recent happenings in his house he comes back to inform them of the new job and and brings with him new gifts for the family.

Filled with anger and sorrow,when Sarbhojaya breaks down in front of him,he is equally overcome with grief and decides to leave the house and take the whole family with him to the new home where they can lead a better life and leave their bitter memories behind.

The story is a simple expression of human interactions and emotions that has been presented beautifully and poignantly.Even a movie was made in the name “Song of the Little Road” post independence by legendary director Satyajit Ray which was his directorial debut. It was hailed as a master-piece of its own.

SOME OF THE BEST QUOTES FROM THE BOOK: THE QUICK AND EASY WAY TO EFFECTIVE SPEAKING

1. “ Successful communication depends upon how well the speaker can make his talk a part of the listeners and the listeners a part of the talk”

2. “The chief cause of your fears of public speaking is simply that you are unaccustomed to speak in public”

3. “ If you want to interest your listeners then don’t begin with an introduction. Begin by leaping right into the heart of your story.”

4. “The best way for a speaker to endear himself to an audience is to play himself down.”

5. “ The audience must feel that there is a message being delivered straight from the mind and heart of the speaker to their minds and their hearts.”

6. “The ability to speak clearly precedes the ability to move others to action.”

7. “ You cant project your personality in a talk to others by using reasons alone; you have to release to them how deeply you yourself believe on what you say.”

8. “ You will never know what progress you can make unless you speak, and speak and speak again.”