Month: August 2021

Petra

Petra and as the Nabateans used to call it “Raqmu” is one of the most famous cities in Jordan due to its archaeological and architectural history. The city is also known as the Rose City due to its pink rocks formations.

Petra was established in 312 AC, and it became the capital of the Nabateans people, who were referred to in the Bible. They inhabited the region of Petra between the IV AC and II DC. Petra was also a very important commercial center between the Arabic peninsula and Damascus in Syria, and today Petra is the most visited tourist attraction in Jordan.

The Romans conquered Petra in 106 A.C, and they turned the territory into a roman province. During the second and third centuries, Petra continued to grow and in the seventh century, the Romans lost the power of Petra to Islam.

In the 12th century, Petra was once again taken by different leaders and for a while, Petra was hidden until it was found by Swiss explores Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, who was responsible to announce the city into the world with his poem “a rose-red city half as old as time.”

Where is Petra located?

Petra is located in the territory between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba, in the mountains of the east side of the Wadi Araba. In the city of Petra, many ancient monuments can be found such as the Roman Theater, the Royal Tombs, and others.

Places to visit in Petra

Bab el Siq

Bab el Siq is the gate of Siq, the main entrance to the city. As you arrive, you will see three square blocks carved into the rock, then you will see the tomb of the 1st century A.D. The bottom is where you can find the Triclinium, a banquet room. On the opposite side of the cliff, you will see a double inscription in Nabataean and Greek.

Al Khazneh (The Treasury)

The entrance to the city of the Nabataeans is made through the Siq, a strait measuring around one km long, flanked by rocks that reach up to 80 meters high. A walk through the Siq is a unique experience. The colors and rock formations you will see are impressive.

During the walk as you reach the end of the Siq, the great treasure begins to emerge, the postcard Al-Khazneh, one of the ruins of Petra, the most famous among them. The natural beauty and the remarkable architectural features of this place will blow your mind.

The Treasury is one of the wonders you can find in the ruins of Petra. There are several, or rather, hundreds of tombs made in the rock, Roman theater, obelisks, temples, altars for offering sacrifices and colonnaded streets, and, high up in the valley, there is the sumptuous Ad-Deir Monastery.

Petra Royal Tombs

Downhill from the Theatre is a larger thoroughfare. Within its west-facing cliffs, there are some of the most impressive burial places in Petra, known collectively as the ‘Royal Tombs’. They look particularly stunning bathed in the golden light of sunset; there are four of them one next to the other. However, they suffered flood damage over the centuries which lead to some of their facades no being as well kept, possibly part of the reason they are not as famous as the Treasury. There are steps that lead up to them and you can actually visit the inside of these tombs.

Petra Today

After the eighth century, when Petra was largely abandoned as a trading center, its stone structures were used for shelter by nomadic shepherds for several centuries.

When Petra was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, Petra Bedouin tribespeople who had made homes for themselves within the city’s remaining ruins were forcibly relocated by the Jordanian government.

In the early 2000s, the site was named one of the “Seven New Wonders of the World,” leading to a spike in tourism. Since then, efforts have been made to protect the ruins of Petra from heavy tourism, as well as damage from floods, rain and other environmental factors.

“ALESSANDRO VOLTA” Biography

“Alessandro Volta” was an Italian physicist and inventor of electric battery. He was born in Como, of Milan, on 18 February, 1745. His father’s name was Filippo Volta and mother name was Donna Maddalena. Child he did not display much Intelligence and did not start peking until he was four years old.

He received his early education at the royal seminary in como in 1774 Volta began his career in the field of Physics by teaching the subject at the Royal School of Como. During the year he studied atmospheric electricity and conducted experiments in fields of electrochemistry electromagnetism and electrophysiology in 1775, he pioneered the electroporous, a device that produced a static electric charge. This was a device that would be charged with electricity only bye rubbing and this charge could be transferred to other object between 1776 and 1778 Volta worked in the realm of gases and discovered methane gas in the nature environment which he was able to isolate by the end of this period. In 1880, he invented Volatile the first elected battery. This battery was actually a pile of alternating disc of Copper and zinc, separated by pieces of cardboard soaked in a brine that had tha ability to maintain steady electric current. He also developed the law of capacitance and theorized the law of bimetallic contact. One of the major published works of this ingenious scientist, was “De vi attractive ignis electrici”, on 1769, it was based on his extensive research on attractive force present in the electric fire. He is also regarded as the father of the electric automobile in 1791 he was made a fellow of the Royal Society of London for his groundbreaking work and physics at specially development of electroscope. He married Terasa Peregrini, in 1794, at the age of 48. The couple had three sons in 1794 he was awarded the Copley medal by the Royal Society of London for development of Voltas law of the electrochemical series. In 1801 he was honoured with the title of “Count”, by Napolean Bonaparte after he demonstrated the functionality of his battery to him. He died in Como, Lombardy-Venetia, on 5 March, 1826, at the age of 82.

SAWAN MONTH

Sawan month is considered one of the most sacred months of the year according to the Hindu calendar. It is the fifth month in the Hindu calendar.
But why is this month called Shravan? It is believed that in Poornima or on the full moon or at any time during this month, Sravan Nakshatra or the star controls the sky which is why, this moon gets its name from this nakshatra.
Volunteers providing Patram-pushpam & falam-toyam in Shiva linga Shravan Maas
The month of Shravan is like festivals and good events. It is a very good time to make the most important religious ceremonies, because almost every day in this month is made for shubh arambh, which is a good start. The ruling god of Shravan maas is King Shiva.
This month, every Monday is celebrated as Shravan Somvar in all the temples with Dharanatra hanging over Shiva linga, bathing it with holy water and milk, all day until night. The devotees donated Bael leaves, flowers, holy water and milk, namely Falam-Toyam, Pushpam-Patram to rule Shiva in all Shravan Somwar. They fast until sunset and Nandadeep burns, Akhand Diya.
The Importance of Lord Shiva in the Moon of Shravan (Sawan)
Samudra Manthan is the most important episode according to each Putana. The explosion of the sea, which is Samudra Manthan in search of amrit, occurred during the month of Shravan. During the uproar, 14 different rubies appeared in the ocean. Thirteen rubies were separated between deas and asuras, however, Halahal, the 14th ruby ​​remained untouched because it was the most deadly poison that could destroy the universe and a living creature. King Shiva drank Halahal and kept the poison in his throat. As a result of the toxicity, his throat turned blue and he was called Neelkantha.
Such was the toxic effect of King Shiva wearing the moon on his head and all the loved ones began to offer water to the holy river Ganges to King Shiva to reduce the effects of the poison. Both events took place at Shravan Maas and therefore, it is considered the best way to dedicate the sacred water of the Ganga to Lord Shiva this month.
The importance of wearing Rudraksh in the month of Shravan
Devotees to Lord Shiva consider it good to wear Rudraksha in the month of Shravan. On Monday Lord Shiva was dedicated as his ruling god of the day. However, on Monday the Shravan maas are known as Shravan Somwar and auspicious, and are celebrated with all the antics.

Rituals to follow the month of Shravan (Sawan)


Offering milk to King Shiva During the month of Shravan leads one to receive many punyas.
Wear Rudraksha and use it for japas.
Bhibhuti is considered very important when given to King Shiva. Some of them must also be applied to the forehead.
Offer a panchamrit (a mixture of milk, curd, butter or ghee, honey and jaggery) and Shiva bail bail leaves.
Chant the chalisa shiva and perform the typical aarti of king Shiva.
Shouting the Mahamritunjay mantra is a wonderful thing.
Fast forward to all Shravan Somvars. This is especially important for young women who are looking for the right men

Thunderbolt 5 might provide up to 80 Gbps of bandwidth, according to an Intel leak.

An Intel manager tweeted and then removed an image exposing some details about the Thunderbolt 5 in development, including the fact that Intel is attempting to quadruple the current Thunderbolt bandwidth limitations to 80 Gbps.

Gregory Bryant, the Intel Client Computing Group’s EVP and GM, published a tweet early Sunday that sparked discussion over Thunderbolt’s future as a communications standard. During a visit to Intel’s Israel Research and Development Center, the manager provided four photographs, but one of them was surreptitiously deleted.

Despite the fact that Thunderbolt isn’t mentioned on the poster, Bryan claims in his tweet that the lab tour was about Thunderbolt. The billboard looks to be promoting Thunderbolt 5, given the near closeness of Intel’s Thunderbolt and USB standards, which allows the Thunderbolt 3 specification to be incorporated in the USB 4 standard.

According to the poster, the connection is “designed to complement the existing USB-C ecosystem,” indicating that Intel would continue to use the USB Type-C connection.

On the poster, the use of “new PAM-3 modulation technology” is highlighted in a unique fashion.

When using NRZ coding, the data line transmits one bit at a time using an electrical signal that alternates between two states. Pulse-Amplitude Modulation 4 (PAM-4) is an option that specifies how two bits can be broadcast at the same time, with the number 4 referring to the number of possible bit pairs.

In PAM-3, a data line can be in one of three states: 0, +1, or -1. The system is informed of a three-bit group via a transmission pair, which is roughly 50% more efficient than NRZ.

Thunderbolt 5 should potentially provide consumers much of the same advantages as Thunderbolt 3, including increased power, video, Thunderbolt networking, and fast bandwidth. Thunderbolt 5’s enhanced bandwidth from 40 to 80 Gbit/s enables quicker file transfers and greater data interchange between connected devices with fewer restrictions.

A nation that can’t control its energy sources can’t control its future.

Energy is essential to life and all living organisms. The sun, directly or indirectly, is the source of all the energy available on Earth.

Out energy choices and decisions impact Earth’s natural systems in ways we may not be aware of, so it is essential that we choose our energy sources carefully.

The true cost of energy is more than just dollars and cents; there are important economic, political and social factors and consequences to consider as well.

In the united states and many other countries, most energy sources for doing work are nonrenewable energy sources:

• Petroleum

• Hydrocarbon gas liquids

• Natural gas

• Coal

• Nuclear energy

These energy sources are called nonrenewable because their supplies are limited to the amounts that we can mine or extract from the earth.

The major types or sources of renewable energy are:

• Solar energy from the sun

• Geothermal energy from heat inside the earth

• Wind energy

• Biomass from plants

• Hydropower from flowing water

They are called renewable energy sources because they are naturally replenished.

Energy resources: Energy is the capacity to do work and is required for life processes. An energy resource is something that can produce heat, power life, move objects, or produce electricity. Matter that stores energy is called a fuel.

Human energy consumption has grown steadily throughout human history. Early humans had modest energy requirements, mostly food and fuel for fires to cook and keep warm.

In any event, the exploitation of all energy sources with the possible exception of direct solar energy used for heating, ultimately rely on materials on planet earth.

What Is Fast Fashion?

Clothes shopping used to be an occasional event—something that happened a few times a year when the seasons changed or when we outgrew what we had. But about 20 years ago, something changed. Clothes became cheaper, trend cycles sped up, and shopping became a hobby. Enter fast fashion and the global chains that now dominate our high streets and online shopping. But what is fast fashion? And how does it impact people, the planet, and animals?

It was all too good to be true. All these stores selling cool, trendy clothing you could buy with your loose change, wear a handful of times, and then throw away. Suddenly everyone could afford to dress like their favourite celebrity or wear the latest trends fresh from the catwalk.

Then in 2013, the world had a reality check when the Rana Plaza clothing manufacturing complex in Bangladesh collapsed, killing over 1,000 workers. That’s when consumers really started questioning fast fashion and wondering at the true cost of those affordable t-shirts. If you’re reading this article, you might already be aware of fast fashion’s dark side, but it’s worth exploring how the industry got to this point—and how we can help to change it.

What is fast fashion?

Fast fashion can be defined as cheap, trendy clothing that samples ideas from the catwalk or celebrity culture and turns them into garments in high street stores at breakneck speed to meet consumer demand. The idea is to get the newest styles on the market as fast as possible, so shoppers can snap them up while they are still at the height of their popularity and then, sadly, discard them after a few wears. It plays into the idea that outfit repeating is a fashion faux pas and that if you want to stay relevant, you have to sport the latest looks as they happen. It forms a key part of the toxic system of overproduction and consumption that has made fashion one of the world’s largest polluters. Before we can go about changing it, let’s take a look at the history.

How did fast fashion happen?

To understand how fast fashion came to be, we need to rewind a bit. Before the 1800s, fashion was slow. You had to source your own materials like wool or leather, prepare them, weave them, and then make the clothes.The Industrial Revolution introduced new technology—like the sewing machine. Clothes became easier, quicker, and cheaper to make. Dressmaking shops emerged to cater to the middle classes.

Many of these dressmaking shops used teams of garment workers or home workers. Around this time, sweatshops emerged, along with some familiar safety issues. The first significant garment factory disaster was when a fire broke out in New York’s Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in 1911. It claimed the lives of 146 garment workers, many of whom were young female immigrants. By the 1960s and 70s, young people were creating new trends, and clothing became a form of personal expression, but there was still a distinction between high fashion and high street.

In the late 1990s and 2000s, low-cost fashion reached its zenith. Online shopping took off, and fast-fashion retailers like H&M, Zara, and Topshop took over the high street. These brands took the looks and design elements from the top fashion houses and reproduced them quickly and cheaply. With everyone now able to shop for on-trend clothes whenever they wanted, it’s easy to understand how the phenomenon caught on.

How to spot a fast fashion brand

Some key factors are common to fast fashion brands:

  • Thousands of styles, which touch on all the latest trends.
  • Extremely short turnaround time between when a trend or garment is seen on the catwalk or in celebrity media and when it hits the shelves.
  • Offshore manufacturing where labour is the cheapest, with the use of workers on low wages without adequate rights or safety and complex supply chains with poor visibility beyond the first tier.
  • A limited quantity of a particular garment—this is an idea pioneered by Zara. With new stock arriving in store every few days, shoppers know if they don’t buy something they like, they’ll probably miss their chance.
  • Cheap, low quality materials like polyester, causing clothes to degrade after just a few wears and get thrown away.

What’s the impact of fast fashion?

On the planet: Fast fashion’s impact on the planet is immense. The pressure to reduce costs and speed up production time means that environmental corners are more likely to be cut. Fast fashion’s negative impact includes its use of cheap, toxic textile dyes—making the fashion industry the second largest polluter of clean water globally after agriculture. That’s why Greenpeace has been pressuring brands to remove dangerous chemicals from their supply chains through its detoxing fashion campaigns through the years.

Cheap textiles also increase fast fashion’s impact. Polyester is one of the most popular fabrics. It is derived from fossil fuels, contributes to global warming, and can shed microfibers that add to the increasing levels of plastic in our oceans when washed. But even ‘natural fabrics’ can be a problem at the scale fast fashion demands. Conventional cotton requires enormous quantities of water and pesticides in developing countries. This results in drought risks and creates extreme stress on water basins and competition for resources between companies and local communities.

The constant speed and demand mean increased stress on other environmental areas such as land clearing, biodiversity, and soil quality. The processing of leather also impacts the environment, with 300kg of cehmicals added to every 900kg of animal hides tanned. The speed at which garments are produced also means that more and more clothes are disposed of by consumers, creating massive textile waste. In Australia alone, more than 500 million kilos of unwanted clothing ends up in landfill every year.

On workers: As well as the environmental cost of fast fashion, there’s a human cost. Fast fashion impacts garments workers who work in dangerous environments, for low wages, and without fundamental human rights. Further down the supply chain, the farmers may work with toxic chemicals and brutal practices that can have devastating impacts on their physical and mental health, a plight highlighted by the documentary The True Cost.

On animals: Animals are also impacted by fast fashion. In the wild, the toxic dyes and microfibres released in waterways are ingested by land and marine life alike through the food chain to devastating effect. And when animal products such as leather, fur, and even wool are used in fashion directly, animal welfare is put at risk. As an example, numerous scandals reveal that real fur, including cat and dog fur, is often being passed off as a faux fur to unknowing shoppers. The truth is that there is so much real fur being produced under terrible conditions in fur farms that it’s become cheaper to produce and buy than faux fur!

On consumers: Finally, fast fashion can impact consumers themselves, encouraging a ‘throw-away’ culture because of both the built-in obsolescence of the products and the speed at which trends emerge. Fast fashion makes us believe we need to shop more and more to stay on top of trends, creating a constant sense of need and ultimate dissatisfaction. The trend has also been criticized on intellectual property grounds, with some designers alleging that retailers have illegally mass-produced their designs.

What is friendship ?

Friendship This word has many different meanings in our life, what is friendship? It is necessary to have friendship? Are the people of school, college who study together, they are friends?

Friendship is that which can be with anyone, it can be with your grandfather, grandmother or father, mother, brother, sister or even with your friends from college, school. Friendship is that relationship that people maintain even without any relationship. And maybe not. Friendship is that which is in any relationship, then that relationship automatically becomes good. Friendship acts as sweetness in every relationship, in which no matter how angry we get, but the relationship never breaks.

Mr. Krishna has said that friendship has no meaning, this question has meaning that what is the meaning of anarth? Friendship means giving, Your time, your happiness, your feelings And if you do it to ask for something, how is that friendship? And if seen, those who love do not need to get anything, they get it themselves when the time comes. But in today’s time friendship has become of two types, one selfless and the other selfish friendship. But if we see in today’s time or in movies or in our history, then friendship was very important. At that time friendship meant family only. In today’s time, if a person keeps humanity, then that is a big thing.

But even today there is such friendship. Friendship is never done by seeing someone’s caste, religion or whether he is rich or poor, friendship is always from the heart. Friendship is never made by looking big or small, it happens with people of any age. Friendship is between every parent and child, That’s why those people openly tell each other everything about them. Friendship means love without fear and having fun.

Friendship is not only between humans, there is also friendship between humans and animals.

And if said, the friendship of animals more than humans is selfless which is without any meaning. They can’t even speak, they just love, they are the companions of our loneliness, so are the partners of happiness. Animals also love us like us, but they love us more than us, in front of their love, the love of us humans is also less. They are happy with our arrival and they express that happiness by loving us fun, they cannot even speak but they are more than honest people. In today’s time everyone has some pet animal in their house which is a member of their family. To be fair, this is friendship. Friendship supports even in sorrow and even in happiness, friendship is very beautiful, they are very lucky. Those who are destined to have friends who stand by them all the time. And friendship means family, friendship should be such that it becomes family and friendship cannot be more than family. Where we get love without any meaning even after our mistake. So friendship means family. The friendship that is made from the heart, that is friendship without any selfishness.

 it is true that in today's time we are all very busy. But believe that those who love us only want time from us that we should spend some time with our loved ones. So do take some time out for your friends and family members. And wherever you are, may you all be happy and healthy.

Differences between agency and distribution agreement

When a supplier/manufacturer wishes to distribute products, he examines whether he needs to select an agent or a distributor to do so, as this is an essential choice, and forms an agreement accordingly. There are several factors that must be considered while making such a decision. As a result, it is necessary to understand the distinctions between an agency agreement and a distribution agreement.

Now we need to know who is an agent. An agent is defined in section 182 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. He is a middle man or a mediating person who is involved in making a contract between the primary supplier and the primary client. There are two types of agents where goods are sold i.e. the sales agent who does the sales work and a marketing agent who does the marketing of goods. The sales agent has the authority to enter the agreement on behalf of the supplier and the prescribed agreement is binding to the supplier as well. Unlike the sales agent, the marketing agent doesn’t have the authority to bind the supplier but he can market and endorse the supplier’s goods and articles to potential clients. Now when there is a demand or wish in the market by the client to make a purchase of goods the supplier completes the contract. 

The next step is to determine who is a distributor. In this case, the distributor gets the products from the supplier/manufacturer and then resells them in the market in a specific location where there is demand, on his own description, with complete control over the pricing and profit. Let us continue reading to learn more about the distinctions between an agency agreement and a distribution agreement.

Agency agreement

The agency agreement is a legal document in which the supplier/manufacturer and the agent enter into a contract with certain particular acceptable terms and conditions, and the agent, on behalf of the supplier, mediates between the primary supplier and the client for the sale of products to the market. It establishes a fiduciary connection between the agent and the manufacturer, as well as an indirect link between the manufacturer and the customer.

In this contract, the self-regulating body assumes all the risks in the work and makes all the choices on behalf of the first-party as stipulated in the contract. This contract is defined and controlled by the Agency Agreement Legislation, and it also has the rights of agents specified in the Contract law under sections 217, 219, 225, 222, and 223 and in the Sales of Goods Act, 1930. Agency arrangements might be exclusive, non-exclusive, or sole.

Advantages:

  • To begin, the supplier can reclaim control of the conditions of sale of the goods, namely the price and marketing tactics.
  • Can also establish direct contact with needy consumers on their own, eliminating the necessity for a middleman in sales and reducing competition.
  • In comparison to the margins earned by distributors, the agent generally receives a lesser commission.

Disadvantages:

  • The Commercial Agents (Council Directive) Regulations 1993(the “Commercial Agents Regulations”) shall apply and impart certain legal necessities benefiting the agents wherein the parties cannot exclude the agents. 
  • During the contract, the agent will be entitled to commission and under certain situations, after its termination too as per the Commercial Agents Regulations. 
  • The supplier regains all of the monetary possibilities of those goods which are not sold. 
  • Tax-related issues can arise wherein sometimes a supplier can be held as a dealing person in a place where an agent is based so tax liabilities can lead to him. 
  • An agent would be working for several manufacturers/suppliers so he carries several goods from them. So if some goods of any supplier are not selling well, the agent focuses more on the saleable goods of other suppliers. 

Distribution agreement

This agreement is a legal contract in which the supplier/manufacturer authorises distributors to distribute products for resale in a certain location. A combined partnership of two firms is necessary in such a deal to distribute the goods. It is accomplished through the authorization or commercial practises of the provider. The distributor is the sole authorised party to engage in such operations and is permitted to profit by putting the cost on the goods. As there is no legal regulation, no unified jurisprudence on analogicality of both civil and commercial law applies to the distribution agreement.

There are several types of distribution agreements, such as exclusive rights, sole rights, non-exclusive, selective distributorship agreements, and so on. Exclusive rights agreements forbid the supplier from seeking sales in his region and appointing any other distributors in the same area. Sole rights permit the supplier to seek sales but do not permit the appointment of any other distributor in the same region. Non-exclusive rights are those in which the provider may designate as many distributors as he wishes and pursue direct sales in the same geographic region. Selective distributorship agreements are ones in which the provider appoints distributors based on his own needs.

Advantages:

  • The majority of the supplier’s risk is transferred to the connected items in this case.
  • The distributor is encouraged to sell the majority of the items acquired from the supplier, taking the risk of not generating sales, and the distributor will be held accountable for any difficulties that arise.
  • The supplier will simply be required to validate and check accounts with the distributor.
  • According to the current law, the provider is not obligated to pay any compensation or indemnity upon termination of the agreement.

Disadvantages:

  • Under this case, unlike in an agent arrangement, the supplier has no influence over the distributor’s operations.
  • All risk associated with the location where the distributor is appointed is transferred to the distributor with the credit risk rather than to each client/customer.
  • In this arrangement, the distributor is constantly at danger of violating competition legislation, which jeopardises the agency’s connections.

Differences between agency and distribution agreement

To distinguish the agency agreement from the distribution agreement, both are completely distinct. To begin, an agent is hired to assist the supplier/manufacturer in negotiating and concluding contracts on his behalf, but the distributor is appointed exclusively to resale the supplier’s goods on its own terms. Second, an agent is a paid person who is given a percentage commission by the supplier and distributor to buy and own the products from the supplier, sell them in the market, bear the risk on his own, and add a profit margin to cover its expenses and profit from it.

Third, the agent does not own the products, but the distributor does and also bears the risk of commodities that do not sell in the market for any reason. Fourth, an agent interacts with the client on behalf of the supplier/manufacturer, whereas the distributor interacts with the consumer directly, and the supplier has no idea to whom his goods/products were sold.

When it is necessary to extend the firm into a new market or location, distributorships are utilised as a low-risk method. He accepts legal responsibility for his own conduct or omissions in connection with the sale of products. The distributor assumes a higher amount of risk than the agent in the course of his operation. Because the consumer knows the distributor, if there is a problem with the product/goods, he can sue the distributor rather than the provider.

On the other hand, the agent is a self-employed mediator who negotiates with the customer for the sale of the goods and concludes the deal on behalf of the supplier/manufacturer. He has no ownership of the goods so no risk for any legal issues it remains with the supplier itself. 

Conclusion

We learned about the numerous distinctions between the agency and distribution agreements in the preceding session. Both operate for very distinct purposes and employ entirely different methodologies. Prior to commencing the partnership, it is critical to consider and investigate formalising these commitments in writing. Failure to do so may result in uncertainty, and the connection may result in litigation rather than commercial progress. So, before entering into any commercial contracts, it is essential to evaluate the significance and differences of such agreements.

The Indian courts have made a clear distinction between non-competent covenants after the terms of the agreement and beyond the duration of the agreement. To assess enforceability, the courts consider whether the covenant is or is not a trade limitation. To improve customer service and efficiently manage product sales and price, relevant limitations must be imposed in accordance with contract law and competition law.

Digital Marketing and Its Types

Marketing their products and services is a very important thing for any business and company. Through media outlets such as television, newspapers, and FM radio, some companies market their products directly to homes and attract customers. But despite such marketing methods in this technological world, a method called digital marketing is becoming very popular.

What is this digital marketing? How many types are there? we will find out in this article.

What is Digital Marketing?

Digital marketing is the process by which a company or business makes their products available to the public through the Internet, marketing them, and attracting customers to sell their products. 

In the 21st century, people have been using the Internet more and more actively, especially for a few years. Knowing this, every company knows the needs of the people and adopts the strategy of marketing their products and services through the internet.

You do not need to have vast coding or programming knowledge to enter this digital marketing field. A certain amount of coding knowledge is sufficient. Not only that but an important requirement is to have the ability to understand what customers expect and what their need.

Types of Digital Marketing

1. SEO


SEO is Search Engine Optimization. A business or company will have created a website for them. That website should rank top in search engines like Google. This means that if you search for the name of the company or their products on Google, their website should come in the top rank. To do this, they use keywords or tags when creating the company’s website, and use some coding techniques to bring the website to the top. Not only that but only if the keywords are updated frequently will the company be able to rank in the top rank in the search engine.

2. SMM

SMM is Social Media Marketing. Any company would have created an account for them on social media. I.e. media like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter. They will often update on social media like this about their products. This will increase the chances of attracting customers and selling the product easily.

3. Email Marketing

Every company, they will advertise their products to their customers via email. Each company will advertise their products to their customers via email. For example, if we enter into a website it will ask you to sign up or login. If we put our email ID in and sign up, they will know our email ID. Through this they often advertise their products and services to us via email. 

4. Content Marketing

A company will create blogs and videos about their products and services on their website. When customers see all of this, there is an attraction to their products. So the chances of that company making progress are high.

5. SEM

SEM is Search Engine Marketing. SEM can be said to be the paid version of SEO. A company will pay for their website and make it rank top in the search engine. The company will publish their website on Google AdSense. When customers search for a keyword related to that company on Google it will come up in the top of the search engine.

6. Pay Per Click Ads

It’s something everyone knows. When we enter in to certain websites, apps, we are shown some ads there. Those advertisers will publish their ads on Google AdSense. Related ads will be displayed according to the needs of the customers. Advertisers will pay Google AdSense based on how many customers click on the ads.

7. Affiliate Marketing or Influencer Marketing

A company will select people who have a lot of followers on social media and tell them about their products and services. Tell to people about their products. If someone buys the company’s products through that influencer, the company will pay a certain amount of commission to that influencer. We’ve all seen some of the biggest actors talking about certain products on their social media.

Indian Education System

Education plays an important role in the development of an individual and making him a knowledgeable citizen. It is the education that makes an individual self-reliant, helps to suppress the social evils and contribute towards the development of the society and nation as a whole. Education helps in unravelling the mystery of nature. It enables us to understand and improve the working of our society. It creates conditions for a better life. Education brings out the capabilities to fight injustice happening in society. Every individual has the right to education. 

Indian Education is one of the largest and complex education systems in the world along with China. India is committed to providing basic education to its citizens, the framework of which is defined in the National Policy of Education. Elementary education is now compulsory in India. At the time of Independence, only 14% of India’s population was literate. Now after so many decades since Independence, the number of literates has increased by fivefold.

History of Education System

The history of Indian education system comes from the times of Ramayana and Mahabharata. The historic Indian education system is also called the Gurukula system. There were gurus then who are now known as teachers and shishyas who are called students now. The gurus and the shishyas lived together under one roof in Gurukula until the completion of their education. The shishyas were expected to help the guru in all the daily chores as part of their learning. The children belonging to higher strata of the society were taught all the subjects from Sanskrit to Holy Scriptures and mathematics to metaphysics by the gurus. The Gurukulas during those times focused on the practical aspects of life. The students were taught in the open classroom in the surrounding area of nature. This early system of education in India continued for many years until the modern education system came into the picture in the nineteenth century.

In the early 19th century, during the British period, the modern education system was brought into our country by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay. The basic strength of this modernized education system was the examinations and a well-defined curriculum, which gave importance to subjects like science and mathematics and subjects like philosophy, metaphysics were given a back seat. The brick and mortar classrooms replaced the open classrooms in the Gurukulas. The essence of the guru shishya bond was taken over by a more formal relationship between the teacher and the student. To understand the progress of any student, examinations were conducted at frequent intervals. The focus of the education system shifted from learning to memorizing of the concepts to score good marks in the examinations.

Problems of Indian Education System

Over a period of time, it has been observed that there are many loopholes in the system of education in India. Instead of understanding the concepts, students started cramming and memorizing the lessons. Knowledge is given a backseat and scoring in high rankings takes importance. The modern parents have tuned their mindsets accordingly and their goal is to ensure that their children score good marks instead of acquiring knowledge right from the primary level. 

Private schools and colleges have been rapidly increasing in the country but the results produced by them are far beyond satisfactory. It has also been observed that the quality of teachers deteriorated with the passing of time. Our examination system is responsible for the wide skill gap. India is producing lakhs of engineers and professionals every year but only a fraction of this number is actually getting employed. This is because the Indian examination system focuses more on scoring good percentages rather than the actual continuous comprehensive evaluation. 

Research and development, which should be the cornerstone of our system, are given the least importance. The private schools and colleges focus on the admission of more students and are least interested in the quality of their education. This is the major reason why the faculties and the teachers lack skills and specialization. This is quite evident from the fact that a single professor is assigned to teach multiple subjects. 

How Can We Improve the Indian Education System?

First and most importantly we should improve the grading system. Rote learning should be discouraged completely. Teachers and faculties should focus more on the analytical skills of the students and grade them accordingly. There should be more focus on comprehensive evaluation instead of scoring only good marks. Workshops must be organized for teachers on a regular basis to keep them updated about the latest developments in the sector of education. At the same time, the curriculum should be reframed according to the present needs of education in India. 

The payroll structure of the teachers and the faculties especially in the government institutions should be improved. This step will help in motivating the teachers to develop their skills and they will take a keen interest in grooming or shaping up a student’s life and career. The government and other entities who are associated with the education sector, need to understand the importance of quality of education. Education should be a holistic process that must focus on the overall development of the physical, emotional, social and cognitive skills of a child. It needs to be a slow and cyclic process and must take place gradually to help the child develop into an autonomous, independent and knowledgeable individual.

Conclusion

An educated individual is an individual who should be able to contribute towards the betterment of the economic and social development of the society as well as the country. The true goal of education must exceed awarding the degrees and certificates to the students. Education is not a tool to earn livelihood but it is a way to liberate the mind and soul of an individual. 

Cracking the Interview Using ATS Resume?

 

Selection of Resume



Job searching is indeed a hard task.
Let’s get real.

 

You have great CGPA in college, you
did your graduation with flying colors, you made cool projects, and also earned
online course certificates. And with huge expectations you are applying to that
online job opening in your favorite Company, for days, weeks, and months…., and
what you get is stone-cold rejection!  


You must remember that you are
applying for a job along with millions of job seekers aka your competitors, for the same position, for the same Company,
and with same qualifications as yours. This is the part of job seeking phase
where we start questioning our abilities and toss your certificates out of the
window. With no success in view, you have two options: lose all hopes in
humanity or change your job hunting strategy.

And the best time to change your
strategy is now!


The Initial phase of job rejection: RESUME.

Have you ever received any friend
request from an unknown person, and you immediately hit ‘reject’? Yes you have.
We choose not to waste our time knowing anything more about an unknown person,
just because we don’t like his ‘Profile’. Your resume is your academic profile.
The recruiters are out of time for most of the time, they have meetings,
deadlines, interviews, and what not. And your resume just has 5 to 7 seconds to
make you visible to them. All the rest will be discarded without a second
thought.

 

The pandemic has captured businesses
into your mobile. The unemployment has been the reason for exodus of resources
in search of better career. Loads of resume get flooded in the single company
for a single job opening. Imagine analyzing thousands of resumes in a day.


The recruiters of giant techs do not have all
day to screen your well-designed resume. They just toss your resume
away…..not in trash……… but in ATS. 

 

ATS, What’s that?

Applicant tracking system or ATS is document
screening software that analyze your resume in 2-3 seconds. This eliminates the
load of applications that the recruiters are looking for and give opportunity
to the best. ATS converts your well-designed resume into a text file then looks
for the keywords, sections, and skills that your recruiters are looking for. To
crack this phase you would have to make your resume ATS friendly.


ATS optimized resumes go to the final
decision phase, the HR. Saying that you would get selected or rejected because
you have ATS resume is half-truth. ATS is just filter that picks out candidates
with selective skills with non-relevant ones.


Public Sectors could use the ATS that
would be efficient to choose the right candidates, rather than accepting hundreds
of applications from PhD holders to fill a peon’s position. Like seriously.   


Not all recruiters use ATS

There are chances that your regional
recruiter expects well-structured resume that used best tools out there,
including tables, graphics, fonts and all.


You do not need to strictly comply
with ATS template. Your resume must fit the job requirement as much as your
recruiter’s scope. Every resume must be optimized with the area you want to
work. You would not require taking a minimally designed resume to the graphic
design position. Moreover, local companies do not really mind reading your
resume, as they do not have enough application to screen.


But bigger companies that use ATS do
not require these. ATS, a software, is really not interested in the creativity.
It reads text and might have problem reading fancy texts and graphics. So
before applying for any position do read the requirements if the company needs
ATS resume or not.


Writing a proper resume increases your
chance of getting hired. ATS or not, it all depends on the position and company you are applying for. After all, your resume must reflect your merit,
excellence, capability, and the true YOU. 

What Is Thrifting?

If you have never heard of thrifting and you wonder what it means, then thrifting simply means to shop at a flea market or at a thrift store where you get discounted items. Those who thrift shop love it cause items sold are at a good shape and can be purchased at a very lower price.

What is the difference between thrift store and retail store?

Thrift stores have goods that may not be brand new but they are surely in good conditions. Items already being partially used are sold in these stores at discounted prices. Retail stores on the hand sell unused goods similar to thrifted goods but with much higher price.

Thrift stores sell goods that are not from the current season and are vintage. Goods that you mean to own have to be hunted in flea markets or thrift store. Whatever you see at lower price you can purchase. Best part about thrifting is that you never know what you might find. You might end up getting the most affordable deal on an amazing item.

Retail stores have expensive products but if someone who follows particular season clothing can find them at retail stores and not thrift stores. Original brands are sold on these stores.

Why do thrift stores excite people so much?

Thrift stores are exciting and attractive. These stores don’t necessarily have clothes in-season but have clothing that create a creative personal style for someone seeking a trendy transformation. Thrift stores are owned by creative people who redesign fashion into trendy and affordable clothing. Clothes may not have a brand tag but are equally fashionable.

Thrifting isn’t entirely clothing related. Collectible items like vintage vases or paintings or jewelry are available that may have been used before but enhance aesthetics of your home. Old books that aren’t readily available can be unexpectedly found here. It’s also a great place to buy a totally unique item that you never discovered before. You get a wonderful opportunity to add these special items to your collection with absolute marginal price.

What type of items can you find in thrift stores?

You will find items like shoes, handbags, wallets, clothes, furniture, jewelry, household goods, kitchen supplies. Thrift stores have pretty similar products to what you get in any retail store.

Why should you choose thrifting?

Experimentation helps you understand what suits you and what doesn’t. Investing in clothes bought at thrift store allows you to experiment with your clothes without spending a huge amount on them.

Trendy clothes are found that sometimes you may not find in retail stores. They are not typically from famous brands but are of good quality.

Items that you find here will be quite different from the others. You are not likely to find a twin in public. You will stand out as clothes you own will be something that others may not find that easily.

Vintage clothes, bags, leather shoes are considered to be the new definition of fashion. To own such clothes that set you apart from the rest of the world is the beauty of thrift stores. Also, competition among brands that you see completely disappear in the case of thrift store.

Furniture items like cushions, bedspreads, glasses, dishes, curtains, mats, baking pans, mirrors and such other items are easily available in these stores with affordable prices.

Since, you spend very little on thrifted goods getting rid of those goods is possible. Unnecessary hoarding of goods can be avoided. If you buy clothes but they don’t fit you after a few days or months, then you can donate them as you haven’t spent that much.

Lastly, thrifting provides support to community. A lot of thrift stores donate a substantial amount to the charities. You can donate as well to be part of it.

Conclusion

Thrifting is an attractive concept that has been adopted in foreign countries but not so much in India. Nevertheless, thrifting is rising in cities like Mumbai and Delhi. It is an affordable solution to fast fashion. Online thrifting is significantly gaining popularity on social media platforms. Younger generation seems to be fascinated by this growing concept. It can potentially be the next big thing to dominate Indian fashion.

Cyrus Poonawala to receive Lokmanya Tilak Award

The founder of the Serum Institute of India (SII) in Pune, businessman Cyrus Poonawalla has been named the winner of the prestigious National Lokmanya Tilak Award 2021.He will be commended for his work during the COVID-19 pandemic and how his company helped save many lives by creating the Covishield vaccine and then making provided the medicine to the citizens of the country at an affordable price.Although the awards ceremony takes place on August 1 each year on the anniversary of the Freedom Fighter’s death, this epidemic-stricken year the award has been scheduled for August 13. The prize includes a cash prize of 1,00,000 rupees and souvenirs for the winners. The award was first presented in the year 1983. Winners include former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Dr. Manmohan Singh and Atal Bihari Vajpayee; Infosys founder NR Narayana Murthy and former President Pranab Mukherjee.

Cyrus poonawalla

Cyrus S. Poonawalla (born in 1941) is an Indian billionaire businessman, and the chairman & managing director of the Cyrus Poonawalla Group, which includes the Serum Institute of India, an Indian biotech company which is the largest vaccine manufacturer in the world. In 2021, he was ranked number eight on Forbes’ India rich list with a net worth of $12.7 billion. Poonwalla founded the Serum Institute of India in 1966 and built it to the largest vaccine manufacturer in the world by doses. Serum produces over 1.5 billion doses annually of a range of vaccines, including for measles, polio and flu. In May 2019, it was reported that Poonawalla, in partnership with Naum Koen, had proposed supplying Ukraine with 100 thousand doses of the measles vaccine for free vaccination.

Serum institute of India [SII]

Serum Institute of India (SII) is an Indian biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals company. It is the world’s largest manufacturer of vaccines located in the city of Pune, India and was founded by Cyrus Poonawalla in 1966. The company is a subsidiary of the holding company Poonawalla Investment and Industries. he company set out to produce immunobiologicals, which were imported into India at high prices. Among the first products the Serum Institute of India manufactured in large quantities were the tetanus antitoxin, snake antivenom, DPT vaccine, and MMR vaccine. The company’s product lines was expanded to include different types of vaccines against bacterial or virus infections, combination vaccines, influenza vaccine, and meningococcal vaccine. Besides vaccine the company also manufactures antisera, blood plasma, and hormone products. As of 2014 the vaccines manufactured by the Serum Institute of India have been used in international vaccination programmes run by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Today the Serum Institute of India is run by the Poonawalla Group and engages in research, development, and manufacturing.

The company has partnered with the British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, which is developing AZD1222 (Covishield) in partnership with the University of Oxford. It is reported that Serum Institute of India would provide 100 million (10 crore) doses of the vaccine for India and other low and middle-income countries. This target was later increased to 1 billion doses by the end of 2021. It is estimated to be priced at ₹225 (around $3) per dose.In September 2020, trials were halted by DCGI after a volunteer in Oxford developed illness following vaccination, but were soon resumed after consent by the British regulators. In December 2020, the Serum Institute of India sought emergency approval for the vaccine developed with AstraZeneca which was approved a month later. In March 2021, an agreement was reached to supply some doses to the UK.

Left wing politics

Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition of social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involves a concern for those in society whom its adherents perceive as disadvantaged relative to others as well as a belief that there are unjustified inequalities that need to be reduced or abolished. According to emeritus professor of economics Barry Clark, left-wing supporters “claim that human development flourishes when individuals engage in cooperative, mutually respectful relations that can thrive only when excessive differences in status, power, and wealth are eliminated.

Within the left–right political spectrum, Left and Right were coined during the French Revolution, referring to the seating arrangement in the French Estates General. Those who sat on the left generally opposed the Ancien Régime and the Bourbon monarchy and supported the French Revolution, the creation of a democratic republic and the secularisation of society while those on the right were supportive of the traditional institutions of the Old Regime. Usage of the term Left became more prominent after the restoration of the French monarchy in 1815, when it was applied to the Independents.The word wing was first appended to Left and Right in the late 19th century, usually with disparaging intent, and left-wing was applied to those who were unorthodox in their religious or political views.

The term Left was later applied to a number of movements, especially republicanism in France during the 18th century, followed by socialism, including anarchism, communism, the labour movement, Marxism, social democracy and syndicalism in the 19th and 20th centuries.Since then, the term left-wing has been applied to a broad range of movements, including the civil rights movement, feminist movement, LGBT rights movement, anti-war movement and environmental movement as well as a wide range of political parties.

The terms “left” and “right” appeared during the French Revolution of 1789 when members of the National Assembly divided into supporters of the king to the president’s right and supporters of the revolution to his left.One deputy, the Baron de Gauville, explained: “We began to recognize each other: those who were loyal to religion and the king took up positions to the right of the chair so as to avoid the shouts, oaths, and indecencies that enjoyed free rein in the opposing camp”.

When the National Assembly was replaced in 1791 by a Legislative Assembly comprising entirely new members, the divisions continued. “Innovators” sat on the left, “moderates” gathered in the centre, while the “conscientious defenders of the constitution” found themselves sitting on the right, where the defenders of the Ancien Régime had previously gathered. When the succeeding National Convention met in 1792, the seating arrangement continued, but following the coup d’état of 2 June 1793 and the arrest of the Girondins the right side of the assembly was deserted and any remaining members who had sat there moved to the centre. However, following the Thermidorian Reaction of 1794 the members of the far-left were excluded and the method of seating was abolished. The new constitution included rules for the assembly that would “break up the party groups”.

The terms “left” and “right” were not used to refer to political ideology per se, but only to seating in the legislature. After 1848, the main opposing camps were the “democratic socialists” and the “reactionaries” who used red and white flags to identify their party affiliation. With the establishment of the Third Republic in 1871, the terms were adopted by political parties: the Republican Left, the Centre Right and the Centre Left (1871) and the Extreme Left (1876) and Radical Left (1881). The beliefs of the group called the Radical Left were actually closer to the Centre Left than the beliefs of those called the Extreme Left

How can online learning influences the education of a Student?

When the world has witnessed one of the most infectious diseases spreading around the globe that affects not only the physical health but also the mental health of people. It was really difficult for any educational institutions, schools, or a college to manage classes physically, But 21st-century technology made it easier and helped institutions with their breathtaking software to conduct online classes and tests.

Photo by Julia M Cameron on Pexels.com

How online education is a new way of learning?

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, there were people who used to study on E-platforms, but not often, there were people who didn’t go to school and studied at home. Technology made a click away to explore and learn anything a student wanted to. Now one can carry their textbooks in their pocket, one can meet up anyone face to face on a software, just a click away and one can do learn anything from the internet. After school closed as a result of the pandemic, about 1.8 billion students from 186 different countries, their education was affected, but again technology did not want the student’s life to be ruined by the physical closure of schools. 

Future of Online Education

As per some scholars and economists, it’s highly believed that the overall market for online learning can be up to US $350 Billion in 2025 or more. Parents and students now don’t have to spend extra charges for classrooms, Electricity, or for any other activities that the school asks the students to pay. Parents who used to worry about their kids in school about their bullying, consuming drugs or any other harmful activities now are totally diminished. Now parents can witness their kid’s education during their online classes. Students now can easily study as well as can upgrade their extra skills through e-learning. Many students nowadays do internships, do extra courses, learn new things as well as the technology. Now a 8 year old student knows how to operate a mobile phone or a PC. Some believe that in future online education would be easily available and students don’t have to pay more for their education. “I believe that the integration of information technology in education will be further accelerated and that online education will eventually become an integral component of school education,“ says Wang Tao, Vice President of Tencent Cloud and Vice President of Tencent Education.

As Online education can also put the students in a bad or harmful influence, there are people who don’t want the online education as a major medium of learning.

Reasons why online education can be a harmful influence for the students?

  • Nowadays, most of the school or college students don’t study and cheat on their online exams or tests. It can be a really bad impact on their future and can be the core reason for the lack of their knowledge.
  • The daily and often use of electronic devices can make a person sick and hits their mental health in a really bad way.
  • Students are well aware of the technology and now are highly active on social media networks and making online friends. One can be good, but there are high number of chances to meet a fraud one. Those frauds assault the kids and ask them to do things which a kid didn’t want to.
  • Nowadays students as well as the adults store their personal information on their electronic devices and one don’t know that there are people on the internet named as hackers, who often used to steal the random people information from their cloud and upload them in the Dark web. There is a high number of chances of a kid or high school student could be one of the victims of online frauds and assault.

Reasons why online education can be a good influence for the students?

  • Firstly, the online education can be done in massive numbers at a time, which in physical classes were not possible. A student can know a number of different answers to a same question which is really helpful for a kid to understand that how an answer could be framed for a question.
  • Question answers from textbooks were limited, but in online education one can know more about a question through exploring it on the internet.
  • Technology is our future generation and learning about it since childhood could be an advantage for a student in their future.
  • In a traditional way of learning, one has to stick by a particular teacher and had to adapt their teaching style, but in online education a student can get through a number of teachers and can stick with the one they liked the most.

Disadvantages of Online education

Schools, Colleges are one of the best moments one could live in and online education can totally dismiss it. The other activities in schools like Upgrading leadership qualities through school/college competitions, Outdoor games for physical health of a student, and more things which a student learns through offline education are not possible through online education. The major and the core problem is, not every student or kid have mobile phones or PC and the access to the internet. They all were dependent on government schools, offline classes and free books from the school for their education. Poor family conditions, Bad environment, Poor Electronic facilities could be reason in the future for a student who might lose their interest in their education through E-Learning.

In the end, the conclusion of learning through online education has more disadvantages than their benefits.

Sources:-

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/

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