Author: bnseemabhat990122

Organic Manure

Organic manure usage in agriculture is becoming more and more famous day by day. Organic manure, as the name suggests are the natural nutrients from sources like Human and animal excreta, decomposing vegetable wastes and leftovers of agricultural practices. Plants extract the nutrients from the soil for their growth and organic manure helps in restoring that nutrients by undergoing decomposition easily and getting mixed with the soil perfectly. By restoring the nutrients, manure increases the fertility of the soil. Regular usage of organic manure maintains the level of soil organic matter.

sources of organic manure
  • Cattle wastes like cow dung and urine, slurry from biogas plant, Human wastes like sewage, sludge can be used in organic manure preparation.
  • Dry leaves, stubble, sugarcane trash, crop residue and some other agricultural wastes can be used.
  • oil cakes, vegetable processing wastes wheat straw and bran are agriculture industry byproducts and these are also sources of organic manure.
  • Slaughterhouse wastes like blood and bone meal are also can be the sources.
methods of preparing manure at your home

POT COMPOSTING CAN BE DONE: Pot composting can be done using wastes from kitchen. Take a container and add some pebbles and soil at the bottom. Take dry wastes like paper and dry leaves and add them. Collect all the wet wastes from kitchen. They may include food leftovers, fruit peels etc. Put them in the container after the dry waste. You can make 3-4 layers like this. Sprinkle water to keep them moist. Keep this arrangement away from rain. Keep on mixing the layer everyday. And keep it moist. After 30-45 days compost will be ready.

THE VERMICOMPOSTIING: Verm compost is the droppings of the earthworm after they consume the organic waste. Take container or you can make a separate large concrete tubs if you want to produce in large quantity. Put first layer of soil and pebble. On that add the organic wastes that are collected. Put handful of worms in the tub. Water is sprayed to them on daily basis to keep everything moist. Earthworms will produce the droppings which can be used as the manure.

USING BOKASHI METHOD: In this method, collect some kitchen waste in an airtight drum and add some Bokashi powder. Bokashi powder is inoculated with microbes which help in decomposition, made of bran based material. After 15 days fungus growth will be seen indicating fermentation has happened. Put this fermented waste in a trench and wait for 3 weeks. Black compost which can be used as manure will be ready.

benifits of using organic manure

Organic manure provides all the nutrients to the soil and maintains its fertility. They also improve soils physical properties like texture and structure and also improve aeration. organic manure increases the water holding capacity of the soil and helps in retaining rain water. Soil pH is also maintained. Organic manure usage increases the microbe population in the soil resulting in increased biological activity. Carbon nitrogen ratio will be well maintained.

Usage of organic manure is economically beneficial also. The production can be extended as a small scale business and it requires less investment. Hence it will be a very profitable business.

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technique

CRSPR-Cas9 technology is a famous gene editing technique. This technology is used to cut the target DNA at a specific site and after that the gene can be left totally destroyed or can be altered because of the body’s natural repair mechanism. Because, The repair mechanism is prone to errors and may induce mutations or alter the genome.

The basis of this technology resides in the bacterial Immunity. Bacterias get infected by the phages. And the phage DNA gets fused to the bacterial genome as natural process. If the bacteria survives the attack, the fused genome forms CRISPR or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. Transcription will produce CRISPR-RNA which can bind to the phage genome because it is complementary to that. Cas9 is a protein type called nuclease which has the capacity to cleave the nucleotide strand, that is DNA and also can be easily programmed to bind to any target sequence. The combination of CRISPR-RNA and cas9 act as a certain type of memory which helps the bacteria to kill the phage if it attacks again. The CRISPR-RNA binds to the phage genome, and the cas9 cuts it, making sure that the phage will be destroyed.

The same procedure is used to edit the genomes of other species. The procedure of CRISPR-Cas9 first involves the production of CRISPR-RNA which is complementary to the target site. The combination of the CRISPR-RNA and cas9 protein is introduced into the cell. Both cas9 and CRISPR-RNA are programmed to bind to the target site. Once the RNA binds to the target site, the Cas9 protein gets activated. Now, there are sites on the genome called PAM sites. Cas9 protein cleaves DNA at this specific PAM sites on both the strands. Now bodies natural repair mechanism tries to repair the cleaved site. During this process some mutations can happen or alteration in the genome can happen. This alteration may result in the deactivation of the entire gene, or changes in the products of that gene.

Not only gene editing, CRISPR-Cas9 can also be used to do selective transcription where only selected part of the gene is transcribed. It can also be used to inhibit the same. This technique can also be used to marking or live imaging of the target gene. All these can be done by just deactivating the cas9 protein.

disease control with crispr technology
  • This technology can be used to treat cancer by modifying the immune T cells of the patient.
  • It can also be used to treat beta-thalassemia, a blood disorder by editing the bone marrow cells of the patient to produce hemoglobin.
  • It can also be used to treat blindness by editing a single gene causing the problem.
  • It can also be used to treat cystic fibrosis by treating the CFTR genes.

crispr gene editing in space

NASA astronauts have performed first in space CRISPR gene editing, They used this technology to modify the yeast genome as if it mimics the damage caused by the radiation. This will help to study the damages to human body in space and the ways to prevent them. The idea is first proposed by students named David Li, Arthi vijaykumar, Rebecca Li and Michelle Sung in Genes in space contest. Christiana Koch and Nick Hauge carried out this experiment.

How to do reforestation

the process of replanting trees as a recovery process of deforestation is known as reforestation. Reforestation has very large importance to recover for the harm of deforestation. It is important to decrease the pollution, specifically air pollution and also helps to fight climate change.

Every person asks to plant trees and has a list of reasons to do so. But nobody told about the right way to do reforestation. Is it ok to go on planting any species thinking every plant gives oxygen, what is the difference. Along with reforestation, protecting our biodiversity is also crucial. Just planting same species to an entire area is just like agriculture. It will never contribute more than oxygen and never helps to address other co-existing problems.

Conducting right reforestation programs will help to restore habitats. A large number of animal species are facing the fear of extinction because of deforestation. They just not need any tree to survive, Their survival depends on the biodiversity as well. Forests take part in ecological changes. Forests maintain soil quality. Planting a single species will surely not helps to restore the soil quality and also maintaining humidity and temperature.

HOW TO SELECT SUITABLE SPECIES

Go for the study of the site or place where you are planning to do reforestation. Study the soil composition and derive conclusions based on that. See whether the place has the capacity to grow the species you are selecting. Look for the plants that have naturally regenerated in that place. That will give you an idea about the verities that originally belong to that place. Study about the historical vegetation that is try to get knowledge about the vegetation present there before deforestation. This can be done by looking for old forest department records. After you decide for the species that to be planted collect information about the growth of each type. Look for requirements of water and sunlight and other necessary things and whether they are now available at that site.

HOW YOU PLANT WILL ALSO MATTER

There are two methods in regeneration: 1. Natural regeneration in which includes natural seeding techniques, stump sprouting and root suckering. 2. Artificial regeneration method which involves machine planting, hand planting, aerial and ground seeding methods. Choose whatever works for you.

Choose the plants samplings from the local source. This will help in effective reforestation. Go for mixing of species, both naturally occurring and planted and maintain diversity. In the area with management problems go for long-lived species. Use species which is appropriate for the site.

Promote natural appearing style rather than planting in rows and columns. Leave enough space between the samplings and allow for establishment of other species. consider other soil management techniques like scarifying and irrigation if needed. Protect the surrounding natural habitats like lakes and ponds. Provide debris to the plants. And also increasing complexities may increase the cost of reforestation. Always manage the budget.

Kwimba Reforestation project of Tanzania is an example for successful reforestation project. This project was commenced in 1990 funded by World land trust. The main purpose of the project was to restore the biodiversity of the Usambara mountains. Now species like ficus, mahogany cedar, plum tree, apple trees are the part of that biodiversity and world needs to be inspired by such stories.

Peace is everybody’s desire, But violence never disappeared-Why?

Before getting into the topic, let us learn what is violence. Violence, as described by the WHO is the ” intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation”. I believe simplifying this definition will make us loose out on something important. Developing such a strong definition for an act shows how it is affecting the humanity without any doubt.

WRVH DIVIDES VIOLENCE INTO THREE TYPES:

SELF DIRECTED VIOLENCE: The violence which is directed to harm one`s self. These include the forms of self harm such as suicide attempts, either successful or not, or even thinking about it. Attempts to injure or destruct body parts without conscious intention of suicide also included in this.

INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE: Violence that occurs between family members or partners or individuals who may not know each other is included in this category. For example abuse of elders or children.

COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE: This is mainly what we see in public, I mean violence by group of people who identify themselves under a group against another group. This includes genocides, abuses of human rights etc.

Regardless of what type of violence is happening, its impact is always negative. Even witnessing a act of violence leaves a mark. Many people suffer from psychological disorders as the result of violence. Children who are victims of violence may develop insecurities, anxiety, antisocial behavior, anger issues etc.

Having witnessed or experienced violence, people always talk about having peace. There are so many measures explained over internet. But we don’t see any hope of getting rid of it any soon. Why is it so?

  • Preaching is easier than practicing: It`s easy to talk about anything and everything until you have to practice it. Asking for peace is not wrong, its the best thing to do. But only asking to have peace will not be sufficient. One should practice act of peace before preaching.
  • Peace is defined differently according to different perceptions people have: Peace is just the absence of war for somebody and for somebody its peace of mind. Some people think peace is present in what they believe according to their religion or some may describe it as absence of difference.
  • Increase in stress and pressure by various things: It is like a loop. Violence increases stress which may again result in violence. Its like a mother abusing children because of the harassment she faces in the family. Or stress can be induced by other things also which may result in violence. Like a person who is so stressed out in work may abuse family members as a way to vent out his/her frustration.
  • Sometimes, nobody cares: People don’t take violent behaviors seriously until someone they love or themselves face it. Thinking about violence as some other persons problem until it knocks your door is slowing down peace in the race.
  • Increasing materialism: We may not see the direct impact of materialism on violence. But greed of power, money, supremacy and many more other things blurs out peace from the frame.

Then what is the thing that brings peace in a real sense and brings it effectively? nobody knows. That doesn’t mean you should not hope for it. But one thing is sure that it should start from the individual level but definition should be universal. Whatever may be our beliefs, peace should be the ultimate goal.

MIGRAINE- A Severe headache

Migraine is a medical condition described by severe recurring and intense headache. There can also be sensory changes called as aura. Aura includes visual disturbances like flashing lights, seeing zigzag pattern or a temporary vision loss. Other symptoms are nausea, stress, anxiety, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, vomiting, nasal congestion, sweating, diarrhea etc. Migraine affects the capacity to perform regular works due to pain. Sensitivity to light and sound may also increase. It is 3 times more common in women than men and affects more than 10% of the population worldwide. Migraine effects may vary from person to person.

HOW MIGRAINE IS DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL HEADACHE

Even though it is difficult to differentiate between the normal headache and a migraine, the intensity of pain may tell something about that. Migraine pain sometimes can be so severe that patient may need hospitalization which is not seen in the cases of normal headaches. Normal headaches tend to occur in both sides of the head. Migraine headaches can also occur in both sides, but majority instances include pain in only one part of the head. In normal headache you may feel pressure instead of throbbing which happens in migraine cases. Normal headaches are may be due to stress and worry or tiredness. But reason for migraine is unclear.

as already said, the cause of migraine is unknown. Some suspect that genetic features play a role in migraine. But it can be said that they arise mainly because of the changes in the way nerves communicate, loss of balance in chemicals and dilation of blood vessels in the head. But migraine can be triggered by hormonal changes, inadequate hydration, change in diet and some emotional triggers. Some medications can also cause it as side effects. Strong smells, loud noises or tiredness and lack of sleep also trigger migraine.

treatment

There is no cure for migraine. But medications can control or reduce pain and other symptoms. The frequency of the headache can also be reduced from the medication.

HOME REMIDIES TO REDUCE PAIN

Effective stress management and a good sleep habit will help to manage the pain. An improvement in the diet can also help. A regular practice of yoga and workouts may help but don’t do them while having pain. It may increase the pain. During pain staying in a dark quiet room or taking a good sleep will definitely help. Putting icepacks on forehead, neck and shoulders will help to manage the pain.

SOME FACTS ABOUT MIGRAINE
  • Migraine is found to be most common in the people belonging to the age group between 18 to 44 years.
  • Migraine tends to run in families.
  • It is the 6th most disabling illness in the world.
  • People who suffer from migraine are prone to depression and anxiety.
  • Majority of the migraine sufferers remain undiagnosed and majority people do not seek medication as well.
  • Migraine can be related to menstrual cycle as well.
  • Children can also get migraine.
  • There are surgical procedures available for migraine treatment.
  • migraines without headache and aura are also possible.

Know asteroids better on World asteroid day

June 30 is the world asteroid day and it is held on the anniversary of Siberian Tunguska event which is known as one of the most dangerous asteroid related event on earth. This day is designed by United Nations general assembly to raise awareness about the harmful effects of asteroids and measures to be taken to avoid these effects. On this day lets know more about the asteroids.

After the formation of the solar system, some of the rocky remains which failed to form a planet started to revolve around the sun around 4.6 billion years ago and these are called asteroids. Asteroids are made of same starting materials as earth and the other planets. But they are not big enough to be called a planet. Currently 1,097,065 is the known asteroid count and there is an asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars which contains more than 200 asteroids of size larger than 60 miles in diameter. And many asteroids are present outside the belt also.

asteroids can be very big of 940km and can be very small of 6-foot-wide. They are irregularly shaped although some are nearly spherical. Their surface is pitted as moon`s surface. Some of the asteroids also have their own moon. There are binary asteroids also present which revolve around the sun in pair and revolve around each other too. The average temperature on their surface is minus 73 degree Celsius.

THERE IS A CLASSIFICATION FOR ASTEROIDS BASED ON THEIR COMPOSITION
asteroid

C-type asteroids: They are also called as carbonaceous asteroids. This is the most common type of the asteroid making 75% of the population. They are mostly grey in color. They have large amount of carbon with rocks and minerals. They inhabit the main belt`s outer region.

M-type asteroids: They are also called as metallic asteroids. They are mostly made of nickel and iron and small amount of stone. They are moderately bright and red in color. They are in the middle region of the main belt.

S-type asteroids: They are also called as siliceous asteroids. They are of 17% of the total asteroids present at inner region of the asteroid belt. They are mostly made of silicate materials. Their composition is similar to meteorites.

CAN ASTEROIDS BE A SPACE COLONY FOR HUMANITY?

The desperation of the humanity for survival is the main driving force to think about colonizing the asteroids. But this has many obstacles. The main challenge is the transportation. Asteroid belt is 204.43 million miles away from the earth & journey to them may take more than 18 months. And size of the asteroids is not enough to produce gravity. This makes landing on them difficult. Another problem is the temperature which is very less. Scientist are studying to remove all these obstacles and possibility of habiting on the asteroids is quite at the far end of the future.

MINING ON ASTEROIDS
mining

Mineral depletion is becoming a major thing on the earth. It is predicted that earth will run out of the minerals in coming 50-60 years. So extraction of minerals from the space that too asteroids sounds interesting and hopeful. Asteroids also contain water which can be used as fuel for the spacecrafts used. Its been said that the world`s first trillionaire will be a person who owns asteroid mining. Asteroid mining will bring the essential economic progress.

Mining on asteroids requires a  lot amount of resources. Some of may include mining robots and haulers. Construction and maintenance of infrastructure is important. In-space manufacturing should be enabled to do mining effectively. Bringing the mined materials back to earth is also a challenge.

The technology for asteroid mining is being constructed by a company called Deep space industries. They are developing 3 types of spacecrafts. They are: Fireflies to examine the asteroids, Dragonflies to bring back samples to the earth and Harvesters to voyage to the asteroids and gather tons of minerals and return back to the earth. TransAstra is another company which is developing technologies for the same. If all these companies succeed then the dream of mining on asteroids will come true and will benefit the earth`s economy.

Wonders of Western Ghats

Western Ghats, mountain range which is older than the Himalayas, is present parallel to the western coast of Indian peninsula covering 160,000 square km area in a stretch of 1600km. Western Ghats travel through the states of Karnataka, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. UNESCO identifies it as a World Heritage site and it is one of the hotspots of biological diversity in the world. The mountain influences the country’s monsoon. Western Ghats has a rich biodiversity. There are so many species of flora and fauna endemic to the place and make it rich.

Western Ghats has over 7,402 flowering plants species, 1,814 non-flowering plant species, 139 species of mammals, 179 amphibian species, 6,000 insect species and 290 freshwater fish species. There are at least 325 globally threatened species present.

SOME OF THE WONDER SPECIES OF WESTERN GHATS
  1. BENGAL TIGERS: Bengal tigers are known for their beauty and power. they are native to Indian subcontinent. These predators are present in western Ghats also. Western Ghats are home to 10% of the tiger population. they live in the tiger reserve. Ranthambor national park has 585 tigers.
  2. KING COBRA: This is the worlds largest venomous snake. This lives in rainforests and scrubs and grasslands of western Ghats. Adult king cobras are 3.18-4m long and weigh between 11 and 20lbs. Male snakes are little longer than females. They are snake eaters and also eat lizards rats etc. This is the only snake that builds nest for its eggs. Their behavior include aggressiveness and shy nature. It has enough venom to kill an elephant.
  3. INDIAN WILD DOG: It is one of the most dangerous wild animal of Western Ghats. They are classified as endangered and the main reason is habitat destruction. They are also called as Dhole. They can be seen in jungle roads, river beds etc. It has large round ears and hooded eyes. It is a highly social and co-operative animal.
  4. LION TAILED MACAQUE: This animal is endemic to Western Ghats and it is one of the endangered species. their population is below 4000. They are an old world monkey. This magnificent animal is the proof for the wonderful biodiversity of the western Ghats. These are omnivores but fruits are the major part of their diet. These get a part of their required moisture by licking the leaves.
  5. INDIAN GIANT SQUIRRAL: They are also called Malabar giant squirrel. Bhima Shankar wildlife sanctuary has a noticeable population. They mostly live on trees. They build their spherical nest with leaves and twigs. they have a long bushy tail. They are mostly seen solitary or sometimes in pair. They feed on nuts, fruits and bird eggs.
  6. PURPLE FROG: It is also an endangered species because of habitat loss. this species is formally described recently in 2003. They have a bloated body, short hind legs and sucker like mouthparts. Local people consume tadpoles of this frog. These frogs are found in damp soil which is well aerated and loose. Only 135 individuals are identified in which only 3 are females.
  7. MALBAR GREY HORNBILL: This is also endemic to Western Ghats. They have large beak. They are found in dense forest and are mostly fungivores. They are mostly 45cm in length and weigh 240-340g.

What you should know about IVF-Technology

IVF or In Vitro Fertilization is one of the famous fertility treatment where eggs from a woman’s ovaries are is retrieved and fertilized in vitro that is in laboratories with the sperm to produce embryo. This embryo can be stored by freezing or can be transferred to woman’s uterus. This technique became a boon to couples who were facing infertilely or pregnancy related issues.

SOME OF THE INFERTILITY ISSUES:
  • Chances of fertility is reduced in woman over 40 years of age.
  • There may be damages in the fallopian tube of the female which may be causing infertility.
  • Reduction in the function of the ovaries due to various reasons.
  • Endometriosis– Where the tissue that normally grows inside the uterus, lining it, will grow outside it.
  • Uterine fibroids – Non cancerous growths in the uterus
  • In males, low sperm count
  • Abnormalities in sperm shape
WHAT ARE THE PROCEDURES BEFORE IVF

Before IVF women undergoes ovarian reserve testing which involves tests for the level of follicle stimulating hormone in blood. Examination of the uterus usually by doing ultrasound to know the health of the uterus. Men will have sperm testing which is done by taking semen sample and analyzing for the sperm size, number and shape. If the sperms are weak or damaged, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is performed where sperm is directly injected to the egg by the technician. Otherwise sperms are left to fertilize the egg in incubation.

EMBRYO
HOW IVF IS PERFORMED
  1. Stimulation: IVF requires multiple eggs to make sure that viable embryos are produced. A woman produces only one egg during one menstrual cycle. So drugs are injected into female body to stimulate the production of multiple eggs. The doctor will perform multiple blood tests to monitor the production of eggs and to decide when to retrieve them.
  2. Egg retrieval: It is a surgical process. Doctor uses an ultrasound wand to direct a needle into the ovaries through vagina to an egg containing follicle. This needle takes out the eggs through suction.
  3. Insemination: Semen sample is taken by the male partner. Technician will mix the sperm with the eggs in a petri dish. If it did not work they may go for ICSI.
  4. Transfer: Normally after 3-5 days after insemination, when embryos become big enough, they are implanted into the uterus. A catheter is introduced into vagina past the cervix into uterus. Embryo is released. Then embryo implants itself to the uterine wall. A blood test will determine if the female is pregnant or not.

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

SOME OF THE MYTHS ABOUT IVF

  • IVF can be done at any age: This is not true. As the age of women increases she may not be able to produce many eggs and that time IVF can not be done.
  • Fertility drugs cause cancer: The drugs used to stimulate egg production are safe. No studies have shown increased risk of cancer.
  • IVF babies have risk of birth defects and malformations: Not true. Even though there is slight increase in the malformation as compared to normal births, but the risk remains low as studies say.
  • IVF is dangerous: IVF is not dangerous. Only 1-2% patients become unwell.
  • IVF is for rich people: This is little bit costly but less expensive compared to other surgical treatments.
LEGAL ASPECT OF IVF

IVF is legal in India. But there is no specific law regarding the aspect. But IVF has gained public attention and needs a good law to monitor.

gaming- TYPES, GNERES AND CAREER

Gaming, a word which is shifting its meaning specifically towards electronic games. The technology is becoming more accessible. Internet prices are becoming low. And this field is becoming more and more familiar.

THERE ARE TYPES OF GAMES

  1. Arcade game: These type of games are typically seen in malls, refreshment parks and restaurants. These are usually coin operated. Pinball machines, videogames and electromechanical games are some of the games you might have seen. They have short levels in games with simple controls. players will rent the games to play. popularity of these games decreased with introduction of PC games.
  2. Console game: This type of game will provide interactive multimedia experience through a display device. A handheld control device is used to play games. Computer runs the game`s software. These games may come in a disk or can be downloaded directly from the internet. These are also played in specialized computers.
  3. Cloud game: This game resides on the company server instead of the users device. The gamer only have to install the client program. The client program will access the server to play games. These games will not require large storage and and processing power to play. The provider can also easily update the game.

POPULAR GENRES IN GAMES

  • Action games: Action games challenge the player`s physical capabilities like reflexes, hand and eye coordination, reaction time etc. These will have a great visuals to treat the player as well as give a punch of adrenaline rush while playing. They deliver a unique experience to the player. Innovations in these genre are frequent and dominating the other genres.
  • Sports games: This genre is present since the beginning of the gaming culture. Traditional physical sports are simulated here. The opposite team is controlled by Bots or by artificial intelligence. Some games will have actual sport tactics and rules. FIFA series is the best example to give here which has a record as fastest selling game.
  • Adventure games: These games involve storytelling themes with action and great visuals. These visuals take gamers on an adventure. Action-adventure games are also developed. The games will have adventure tasks like item collecting, puzzle-solving and explorations. The legend of Zelda is a good example for this genre.
  • Role playing games: These games showcase visually rich 3D experience. The gamer plays or controls a fictional character which goes on a quest. There will be a fantasy world for the character. The tasks assigned to the character are done by the gamer.
  • Simulation games: These games will create a simulation about the tasks of the real world or something near to that. These games try to copy various activities from the real life. These can be used for training analysis or prediction. These games will have more freedom of action within the game. sim city is an simulation game.
  • Battle royale games: This genre puts the player in exploration, scavenging and survival of the players character. This involves dozens of hundreds of players. Players start with minimal equipment and go on exploring and eliminating others. Winner is the last player to be alive. PUBG the game which took the gaming world with a storm is of this genre.
CAREER AS PROFESSIONAL GAMER

Gaming was once restricted to recreational purposes. But now this taking a form of a stable career. As it is a budding industry and not everyone is familiar with this field. But the professional side is picking up quickly. A professional gamer in India can earn between 5000 rupees to 45,000 rupees per month once they tie up with the e-sports company. Obviously the paycheck will depend on the performance and skills.

To become a gamer professionally one should find motivation and interest in playing e-sports. There are plenty of games out there but which game you are choosing to master on will also matter. Anyone who can play a game will not become a professional gamer. To be a professional gamer you have to practice the game you have to make a career in day and night. play and replay the levels so that you will master the levels. Participate in competitions happening around and get noticed by the e-sport companies. Make your own team and become a pro player.

Playing games is a fun task and a successful career from will be more fun. There are many gaming streamers in YouTube platform and game play has become one of the major content. Future will have more professional gamers and a big E-sports community will be built. There is no doubt that younger generations are obsessed with these games and we will definitely see E-sports as a mainstream sport throughout the world.

agriculture

Agriculture is both art and science of cultivating plants and livestock i.e., growing crops and raising livestock. The cultivated plant and animal products are marketed for people use. Agriculture provides the most of world`s food and fabrics. It also provides leather, wood and paper products also.

Before agriculture, humans were filling their stomach by searching for food here and there, wandering and hunting like every other animals. But 11,500 years ago humans gradually stared learning growing cereals and roots and started to settle down in one place. They also started domestication of animals around 10,000 years ago. according to scholars first domesticated plant was rice or corn. And first domesticated animal would be dog , which helped for hunting. After dogs, sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were also domesticated. first animal domestication was for meat but then gradually usage of milk and fur also started. Oxen were then domesticated for pulling and transportation.

” You know, farming looks mighty easy when your plow is a pencil, and you’re a thousand miles away from the corn field.”

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Agriculture enabled production of large amount of food which may have motivated humans to settle down and shift to agriculture for survival . But scholars think climate change made that shift happen. Production of in large amounts may have introduced the concepts of stocking for future and trading. Barter system, the exchange of products and services arose and this may have promoted growing different products. Wherever the agriculture flourished, humans came in groups and the economy and trade grew, small villages were formed and civilizations happened.

“When tillage begins, other arts follow. The farmers, therefore, are the founders of human civilization.”

Danial Webster

Development of tools are also one of the things that accelerated the growth of agriculture. Fire is one of the greatest invention and earliest tool used in agriculture. Small equipment like axes of bone, stone, iron, bronze were invented. To store the products, pots and vessels were made. Around 5500 BCE Mesopotamian farmers developed simple irrigation. A not so famous tool called shaduf, was important for irrigation and now also it is used in some parts of the world. Jethro Tull from England invented horse drawn seed drill which helped to replace planting seeds with hands. Cyrus McCormick invented mechanical reapers that helped to modernize grain cutting process.

Now, new inventions of science and technology have revolutionized agriculture. Some of the ancient cultures knew breeding of animals and plants from centuries. Gregor Mendel’s experiments then proved that crops can be improved through implementation of techniques of genetics. Scientific advances of the modern world increased the yield to an another level. introduction of gasoline and electricity and machinery powered by them replaced animals.

Further introduction of chemicals to control pests and protect crops from getting ruined increased the shelf life of the food products. Synthesis of fertilizers with elements that are essential for plants growth like potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus further increased yield. Development of different and new strains by genetic modification lead to the green revolution. Dr. Norman Borlaug is father of green revolution of the world. For India, M. S. Swaminathan, popularly known as father of green revolution, lead to the latter by producing a new strain of wheat.

agriculture is the backbone of any economy. growing population of every region will have basic necessities to be fulfilled and agriculture is holds the power to provide all that. Improvement in agriculture increases food security of the country and hence its prosperity.

16 personality types

HOMO SEPIANS are the species dominating the world. This species makes its own standards and breaks them too. They call themselves smartest on earth. They create the most chaos and try to resolve them too. The species that is functioning efficiently because of its mental capabilities like learning new things, to comprehend information, to use it and mostly the so-called self-awareness.
Let’s get into self-awareness. Debbie ford says “the ability to take an honest look at your life without attachment to it being right or wrong”. Simply, to know or to be able to judge your state without being influenced by anything makes you self-aware. Once you are self-aware you understand your needs, values, habits, or we can say you understand your complete personality.
Once you know yourself you want to define yourself. The term which defines your uniqueness. It’s The personality description. There is one famous personality test called “The Myers-Briggs Test” which classifies the world into 16 personality types. This is created by Myers and Briggs who were inspired by Jung’s theory of psychological types. The test includes some awareness questions including likes, dislikes, strengths, weakness, preferences etc.
The 16 personality types include:

  1. ISTJ- The inspector
  2. ISTP- The crafter
  3. ISFJ- The protector
  4. ISFP- The artist
  5. INFJ- The advocate
  6. INFP- The mediator
  7. INTJ- The architect
  8. INTP- The Thinker
  9. ESTP- The persuader
  10. ESTJ- The Director
  11. ESFP- The performer
  12. ESFJ- The caregiver
  13. ENFP- The champion
  14. ENFJ- The giver
  15. ENTP- The debater
  16. ENTJ- The commander
    The first letter in all of these abbreviations include the letter I or E. The letter I indicates introversion and E indicates extroversion. A person is classified as extrovert or introvert based on how they interact and respond with the surrounding world. Extroverts mostly enjoy social interaction, feel energized after spending time with other people. Introverts like to stay thought-oriented, enjoy deep and meaningful social interaction.
    Second letter of the abbreviation include S or N. S stands for sensing and N stands for intuition. This explains how a person gather information from the world. People who are considered to be sensing, tend to derive information from their experiences, from what they see and what all the facts say about. On the other hand, people who are intuitive like to imagine the future, think about possibilities and learn from theories.
    Third letter is either T or F. T stands for thinking and F stands for feeling. These mainly signifies about how personalities take decision based on the information they have. Person of Feeling category prefer people and emotions over material things. Person of thinking category tends to rely on the facts collected and wants to emphasis on thinking about them.
    The last letter may have J or P. this is mainly how people like to deal with the outer world. J stands for judging, where these kinds of people prefer firm decision and a perfect plan. P stands for perceiving and these people are more flexible and adaptable. They are open to everything.
    Any of the above personality is not superior or inferior than the other. And these classification does not give any information about the mental health. But this can provide some insights about yourself and it will increase your self awareness.

Aloe-e cell

Aloe Ecell Pvt Ltd, is a startup company based in India, who won national startup award 2020 by startup India for their invention of 100% natural, eco-friendly battery Out of aloe-vera. This amazing invention is done by two engineering graduates Nimisha Verma and Naveen Suman. The headquarters of the company is in Rajiv Nagar, Lucknow.
Batteries are used everywhere as a primary source of energy for electronic devices. These conventional small, disposable batteries that we use in our remotes, clocks, toys are alkaline batteries. They are made of many harmful chemical substances like sulfuric acid, sodium bicarbonate etc. And the reusable batteries which can be recharged and used multiple times are lithium-ion batteries and lead acid batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are used in laptops and smartphones. Lead acid batteries are used in cars. These batteries also contain lead, nickel, cadmium, mercury etc. which are very hazardous. If these were not handled carefully, end up leaching into the environment and the ultimate result is pollution. The polluted water and soil will confirm accumulation of these compounds in plants and animals. And also, these batteries are used only up to their 70-80% efficiency and landfilling of these waste batteries may cause explosion. They also cause liver cirrhosis and pulmonary heart disease. As reported by India today Our country contributes for 82% of E-waste. In addition, All the raw materials for the preparation of these batteries are almost imported from different countries. This import applies a high pressure of $148 billion on the Indian economy.
Till this invention Aloe-vera is only known for its medicinal property and as a natural moisturizer. But the scenario has changed now. A new belief on manufacturing of eco-friendly batteries is built. As Nimisha Verma says she always has been an environment friendly person and when she saw Ghaziabad landfill which had huge amount of waste filled made her to think about contributing towards the waste management.
As consequence aloe-ecell created aloe-vera batteries. These can be used to power remotes, clocks, torches and cameras. and it is of 1.5V power liquid battery at a cost of 9-10 rupees per battery which is 10% less than existing ones. These batteries can easily be recycled or refilled. It is safe during use and also after disposal. They will never cause any kind of pollution. The internal structure of the battery is like that it will help in better ion transport. It is leakproof. And no special segregation and disposal processes are needed. An increased use of these batteries will decrease the pressure on the economy by up to 78% saving approximately $109 billion. It will increase the market demand of aloe-vera and benefits the farmer as 2-3 crops of aloe-vera can be easily grown on a small land. A profit of 8400 USD can happen on growing aloe-vera on 2 acres of land per harvest. This will also decrease pollution by 71.6% and disease caused by dry cell batteries by 97%. Zinc usage will also decrease by 89%. Nimisha also hopes to produce mobile batteries as well.
Like aloe-ecell there are many startups which can make India’s Athmanirbhar dream come true if executed with a vision and will help India grow bwtter.

Internet of things

The technology called internet of things, a tech section with a zany name, can be a much fascinating thing for technophiles. Because this booming sector has a lot of opportunities for growth both economically and technologically, equally for the country and the individual.
What’s Internet of things? The answer is simple. What’s internet, the global system of interconnected computers. In the similar way internet of things is also a network of interconnected physical objects -a.k.a. things, that are implanted with sensors, software and other technologies which will help them to connect and exchange data with each other. And the term was coined by Kevin Ashton, a British technology pioneer in 1999.
The prime role is of the sensor. They are embedded in all physical devices like refrigerator, an air conditioner, a barcode, or a car as well. These sensors continuously vent data about the working states of the device. All this data is dumped in a common platform provided by the IOT which also provides a common language for devices to communicate with each other. The data collected is sent to IOT security and this platform integrates the collected data and performs the analytics and extracts a valuable information about the device. This information is shared between all other connected devices. For example, the sensor in your AC collects the data about the performance of the device, emits it which is collected by IOT and from which a result about the devices is extracted. This result is shared to your smartphone which is connected with the AC and you can easily access information about your device`s state.
Arrival of cheap computer chips and omnipresence of wireless network made the conversion of anything into an IOT possible, from a pill to an aeroplane. Now anything that can have a sensor introduced can become an IOT device. The automated switches of lights, a self-driving car, a smartwatch or fitness bands are all IOT devices. ATMs are one of the old IOT device. But a conventional smartphone or a PC is not an IOT. Because a device which you would not expect to have internet connection and can communicate with the network independently is included in this category.

The industry of IOT will contribute a lot to the economic growth. McKinsey report says that 127 new IOT devices connect to the internet every second and it may produce an economic value of $11 trillion by 2025. A research organization called Zion states that $53 billion growth will be shown by the smart house automation market. The number of IOT connected devices will grow to 50 billion by 2030 as estimation.
India also shows a significant growth in IOT sectors. India’s investment in IOT sector is projected to reach $15 billion by 2021 from $5 billion on 2019 and this estimation is given by zinnov report. The companies like TCS, Infosys, HCL tech, LTI, Wipro, Tech Mahindra, Mindtree and may other are involving into the IOT sector. There are 154 industrial suppliers of IOT in India. And initiatives like smart manufacturing and smart cities will make India one of the best IOT ecosystem in the world.
The IOT sector has more opportunities and high salary compared to IT sector because it’s a new field and there are less skilled professionals. Median salary of an IOT professional is 15.2 LPA and that of IT professional is 8.65 LPA. According to talent supply index, 304% increase in the demand for IOT professional between 2014 and 2017 is observed. IOT India salary study of 2017 mentions that salary of IOT professionals is 76% higher than that of IT professionals.
Despite of all the comfort and benefits of the IOT there are some serious concerns about the security of the consumer data and botnet attack. There will also be a problem of device management at the individual level and also lack of user knowledge impacts the system. There are also concerns about the impacts on nature from this technology. But how much growth will this self-aware device technology will attain is a matter of time.

Quantum dots are the near future

Quantum mechanics is a field of physics which has grown to the best and still growing endlessly from its first proposal by Niels Bohr and Max plank. It has influenced greatly the way humanity approaches the advancement in each and every field including technology. Now this quantum theory has birthed a new contrivance called Quantum dots and there is no doubt that they are going to show substantial influence on our near future.
The quantum dots are very small particles of a few nanometers size. But their properties vary from the larger particles due to quantum mechanics. Even though size is the main criteria for quantum dot’s exceptional behaviour, their shape, structure and composition also play a major role. They act like artificial atom showing similar electronic wavefunctions to atoms, and artificial molecules can be prepared from them, exhibiting hybridization. Alexander Efros was first to theorize the quantum dots. And then Alexei Ekimov first time produced a quantum dot. Now quantum dots of different materials are produced for the different purposes of research and technologies.

What makes us to call quantum dot the near future? From their first synthesis to today quantum dots have shown immense application throughout the varying science fields. Quantum dots are used in biological imaging and labelling of live cells as they can be injected into the cells and can be attached to biomolecules. Quantum dots conjugated to immunoglobulin G and streptavidin are used as label to malignant cells of breast cancer. Cells can easily engulf these quantum dots. And their capacity to show symmetrical emission, broad excitation and ability to be excited in single excitation make them a potential replacement to organic label dyes.

They can be used as absorbing photovoltaic material. Quantum dots produce multiple excitons from a single photon compared to today’s solar cells which produce only one. So bulk materials like silicon can be replaced by these materials. Hence QDs promise to extract more energy per photon and also require less space. Thermodynamic calculations by National renewable energy laboratory in Colorado, United states has shown that solar cells developed by quantum dots operating under concentrated sunlight have theoretical conversion efficiency of 66% compared to 31% of present-day solar cells.

There is one more interesting thing. In an article by NCBI headed QUANTUM DOTS AS A PROMISING AGENT TO COMBAT COVID-19 says Carbon based quantum dots could be used to disable S protein of SARS COV-2. And quantum dots incorporated with suitable functional groups interacts with the entry receptors of the virus and affects genomic replication. These things can turn into potential solutions to the pandemic.

Apart from all these, quantum dots find real and potential applications in single electron transistors, lasers, LEDs, microscopy and many other things. They are more promising, efficient compared to the conventional ones. Their application in technologies like quantum computing are signs to hope for a revolution. All these technologies are half the way and can surely become our present very soon.