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Motivation and Morale – 2 Major M’s

The key difference between motivation and morale is that morale is a feeling of enthusiasm and encouragement that comes from an individual, whereas motivation refers to an individual’s drive to get a task done. 

Motivation and morale are two concepts for establishing a positive work environment. Both these can ultimately contribute to high productivity, and low staff turnover. However, it is important to understand the difference between motivation and morale in order to make use of these concepts.

What is Motivation?

Motivation is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish goals. In other words, motivation involves stimulating desire and energy in people so that they show continuous interest and commitment to a job or role or to make an effort to achieve a goal. Human Resource models describe two types of motivation: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.

Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from external factors. For instance, you can motivate employees by offering incentives or promotions. In contrast, intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from self-satisfaction. It is important to note that intrinsic motivation is more favourable than extrinsic motivation.

Factors that motivate people differ from one person to another. However, motivation is something that needs to be activated within the individual.  There are different theories that describe motivation and factors that affect it.

In a workplace with high motivation, employees are willing to work beyond the boundaries of their job description. Enthusiasm, interest or commitment make someone to work beyond his responsibility. Moreover, the employees think in a proactive manner for the betterment of the company. This will increase productivity, efficiency, and quality of work and. Thus, when the staff is highly motivated, businesses are usually geared towards success.

What is Morale?

Morale is a psychological condition or a feeling of a person that determines his or her willingness to cooperate.

There are two states of morale as high morale and low morale. High morale indicates determination at work, which is essential in achieving management objectives. You can see the following features in a workplace with high morale.

  • An enthusiastic team
  • Organizational commitment
  • Proper conflict management
  • Healthy and safe work environment
  • Sense of belonging in the employees’ mind
  • Effective communication in the organization
  • Increase in productivity and efficiency, fewer customer complaints and claims
  • Greater motivation

In contrast, you can note the following features in a workplace with people having low morale.

  • Too many conflicts in the organization
  • A high rate of employee absenteeism and turnover
  • Job dissatisfaction and frustration among employees
  • Poor working conditions.
  • A decrease in productivity, efficiency and high number of customer complaints and claims
  • Lack of motivation

What is the Relationship Between Motivation and Morale?

Both morale and motivation are a fundamental part of creating a positive working environment. Sometimes, both morale and motivation go hand in hand. When employees have high morale, they work harder, and are motivated to achieve goals; there is also an increase in production and quality of work. At the same time, when employees have low morale and low motivation, they tend to work slower; there is a decline in production and low quality of work. However, there are exceptions to this case.

In certain instances, there can be highly motivated employees who work harder to achieve the goals, but with low morale. Negative factors such as job insecurity and fear of supervisor may drive these employees to work harder. In these instances, motivation is high, while morale is low. You can also note cases where morale is high, but motivation is low.

Difference Between Motivation and Morale?

Morale is a  feeling of enthusiasm and encouragement that comes from an individual, whereas motivation refers to an individual’s drive to accomplish a task. So, this is the key difference between motivation and morale. Higher motivation can often lead to higher morale of employees; however, high morale does not essentially result in highly motivated employees as their attitude may not encourage them to work more efficiently. Thus, high motivation leads to higher productivity, whereas higher morale may not lead to higher productivity. Moreover, motivation is considered as an individual concept, whereas morale is a group concept. Therefore, this is another difference between motivation and morale.

Below infographic presents more comparisons regarding the difference between motivation and morale.

Summary – Motivation vs Morale

Although morale and motivation are fundamentals for a positive work environment, there is a distinct difference between motivation and morale. Morale is a  feeling that comes out from an individual to cooperate, whereas motivation refers to an individual’s drive to get a task done. Thus, motivation is considered as an individual concept, whereas morale is a group concept.

Parle G is the largest selling biscuit brand in the world !

Parle-G is a brand of biscuits manufactured by Parle Products in India. A 2011 Nielsen survey reported it is the best-selling brand of biscuits in the world. Parle G or Parle Glucose is one of the most popular brands of biscuits not only in India but the entire world. Parle G is a brand of biscuits manufactured by Parle Products in India, and it has been in the market for decades.

In 2011, Nielsen, a market research company, published a report stating that Parle G has consolidated its position as the world’s largest selling biscuit brand. In fact, Parle G has topped other leading brands such as Kraft’s Oreo, Mexico’s Gamesa and Wal-Mart’s private labels. This may come as a surprise to many but India is the world’s leading market for biscuits, moving past some of the biggest markets in the world – the US, Mexico, China, Italy and Spain.

History

Parle Products was established as a confectionery maker in the Vile Parle suburb of Mumbai, in 1929. Parle Products began manufacturing biscuits in 1939. In 1947, when India became independent, the company launched an ad campaign, showcasing its Gluco brand of biscuits as an Indian alternative to British-branded biscuits.

Parle-G biscuits were earlier called ‘Parle Gluco’ Biscuits until the 1980s. The “G” in the name Parle-G originally stood for “Glucose”, though a later brand slogan also stated “G for Genius”. In 2013, Parle-G became India’s first FMCG brand to cross the ₹ 5,000 crore mark in retail sales.

Popularity

Primarily eaten as a tea-time snack, Parle-G is one of the oldest brand names in India. For decades, the product was instantly recognized by its iconic white and yellow wax paper wrapper. The wrapper features a young girl (an illustration by Everest creative Maganlal Daiya back in the 1960s).

Parle-G has recently become available in plastic wrapping. The modern packaging retains its traditional design. The change in materials was promoted with advertisements showing a Parle-G packet placed into a fish tank.

As of January 2013, Parle-G’s strong distribution network covered over 6 million retail stores in India. The Brand Trust Report ranked Parle-G as the 42nd most trusted brand of India in 2014.

The low price is another important factor in Parle-G’s popularity.Outside India, it is sold for 99 cents for a 418  gram pack as of 2012. A more common 80-gram “snack pack” is sold for as low as 15 cents (5 INR) at Indian grocers, and 40 cents at major retailers. By 2016, smaller 56.4-gram packs were being sold as eight for one dollar at Indian grocers in the United States. Also the first TV commercial for Parle-G was made in 1982. Kids favorite Indian superhero Shaktiman also endorsed the brand in the 1990s

Parle G came into existence in 1939 and today, it is a household name when it comes to biscuits. In fact, it is consumed by people of all ages and all classes. It is not only one of the oldest brands of biscuits in India but it is also the most trusted brand in this category. The reason why Parle G has made its way into so many homes is because of its diverse ways of consumption. Many people view biscuits as snacks or teatime food, but Parle G has changed this perception. Today, Parle G is not just seen as an accompaniment for tea but as a substitute for meals.

This is especially beneficial in India where malnutrition is rampant. So, when poor people are unable to afford meals, they can consume a few biscuits and they will get the required nutrients for the day – one pack of Parle G biscuits offers 450 calories.

In addition, Parle G can be consumed by diabetics too. So, Parle G biscuits can be consumed by anyone and everyone. This is how Parle Products has positioned this product and it has proven to be beneficial for the company. Apart from providing the necessary nutrients, Parle G is value for money. Parle G biscuits are sold in various packs ranging from Rs 1 to Rs 50, making it affordable for the masses. Parle G’s positioning as a brand for the masses has enabled it to be the largest selling biscuit brand in the world.

Today, Parle G is exported to Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, the US, Europe, and Africa. Parle G is valued at over Rs 2,000 crores and enjoys a 70 percent market share in the glucose biscuit industry. Two brands that are strong competitors of Parle G are Britannia Tiger and ITC’s Sunfeast Glucose.

In India, Parle Products is not just a commercial entity; it is an organisation that cares about the people. Apart from producing world-class biscuits that are unmatched in terms of taste and nutritional value, Parle Products carries out corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes throughout India. It conducts free eye check-up and treatment in rural areas, develops facilities such as libraries for children and plants trees as a way of promoting clean and green environment.

Parle G is a biscuit brand that not only satisfies one’s hunger and tantalises the taste buds but it also looks into the welfare of the community. This is a great differentiating point between Parle G and other biscuit brands, and all these factors combined together have bestowed upon Parle G its deserving position in the world.

Why Dollar is Higher Than Rupee ?

Indian National Rupee and US Dollar are the legal tenders in India and the US respectively. Both USD and INR are accepted in the US and India respectively because they meet following conditions which are necessary for anything to be called as money –

1.    General Acceptability
2.    Unit of account
3.    Store of storage
4.    Medium of Exchange

For general acceptability means that no one should refuse from accepting it; unit of account means that is can be used to represent the real value of an economic item; for store of value, it means that if it is stored, it value must not perish; and for medium of exchange, it means that it can be used as a medium for exchange of goods and services. 

As the aforesaid conditions are satisfied for Rupee in India and Dollar in the US, both the currencies are used as money in respective countries. However, in international trade when the nations carryout exchange of goods and services among themselves, Rupee lacks the general acceptability while Dollar, Gold, Special Drawing Rights (SRD) of International Monetary Fund (IMF)  and some other hard currencies like Euro, Japanese Yen, etc. are accepted by almost all countries as a medium of exchange. Thus dollar becomes the international currency while Rupee remains a currency in India only. 

Rupee Vs Dollar

As it is already explained why Rupee is a national currency while Dollar is an international currency, now let’s take a look on the factors which make Dollar stronger than the Rupee. 

1.    Current Account Deficit

The value of any currency in terms of international currency is determined by the demand and supply of the international currency in a particular country and the demand and supply depends on the nature of Balance of Payments (BOP) of a country. BOP is the foreign trade account divided into two parts – Current Account and Capital Account. All the trade in goods and services and foreign remittances are entered in current account while financial exchanges like loans, or overseas investments, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) etc. are the part of capital account. If the value of exports is higher than the value of imports, then their will be a current account surplus and there will be a current account deficit if vice versa. 

The export from a country determines the supply of dollar as they will receive dollar from international market for their sold goods and services. Similarly, the imports determine demand of dollar. If imports from a country are higher than the exports from that country, then the demand of dollar will be higher than supply and the domestic currency like Rupee in India, will depreciate against the dollar. Similarly, if exports outpace the imports, then supply of dollar will exceed demand and Rupee will appreciate against dollar in India. In other words, if a country is having current account deficit, the local currency will depreciate against dollar while if it is having a current account surplus, the local currency will appreciate. 

In case of India, if BOP account will continue to have a current account deficit, Dollar will continue to overpower the Rupee. 

2.    Movement Of Capital

Not only just current account but capital account of BOP also determines the value of dollar against a currency. The capital account details the flow of foreign capital in and out of the country. If there is net foreign capital inflow in India in the form of FDI or FII, then the supply of dollar will be much higher than demand and Rupee will strengthen against the dollar. Similarly if there is net capital outflow, Rupee will depreciate. 

3.    Other Factors

There are several other factors also which determine the supply of dollar into the country. The foreign capital usually flows into the region which provides minimum risk and maximum returns. Higher interest rates in a country suggests higher returns. Therefore whenever Fed Reserve of the US increase the interest rates, there is turmoil in all financial markets across the globe because there is a risk of flight of Dollar back to the US. Since US is the largest economy of the world, it is also minimises the risk. As the risk factor also determines capital movement, most countries give significance to the risk rating by international agencies like Moody’s, Fitch etc. It is because of the risk factor that despite high interest rates in Zimbabwe, most investors ignore it. 

And last but not the least, Dollar is an international reserve currency and it is because of this reason, it overpowers most currencies across the world. The strength of US economy vis a vis Indian economy is another reason why Dollar overpowers the Rupee.

FM holds meeting with officials of Ministries, CPSEs to review capital expenditure situation

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman today said, the better performance of Central Public Sector Enterprises can help the economy in a big way to recover from the impact of COVID-19.

The Finance Minister today held a meeting with the officials of the Ministries and Central Public Sector Enterprises, CPSEs to review the capital expenditure situation in the current financial year. During the meeting, CPSEs discussed the constraints being faced by them due to COVID-19 pandemic. Ms Sitharaman said, extraordinary situation requires extraordinary efforts and collective efforts will ensure better performance to achieve better results.

While highlighting the significant role of these enterprises, she encouraged the enterprises to perform better to achieve their targets. She asked officials to monitor the performance of CPSEs in order to ensure capital expenditure of 50 per cent of capital outlay by the end of second quarter of this financial year. The combined capital expenditure target for seven Central Public Sector Enterprises is 24 thousand 663 crore rupees.

28 lakh people reeling under wave of floods in Assam

In Assam, over 2300 villages are submerged in flood water. 28 lakh people are reeling under the wave of floods in 26 districts.

Surging water disrupted road, embankments, culverts, bridges and some places touched the rooftop of houses. 

Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal visited Rangia and Darrang on Thursday.

Along with floods, land erosion also took serious turn at several places. 

Over one lakh hectare of crop areas are submerged in the flooding.

Rescue and relief measures are in full swing in the state. 

New health warnings for all tobacco products to come into effect from 1st December

Union Health Ministry has notified new sets of health warnings for all tobacco products by making an amendment in the Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products (Packaging and Labeling) Rules, 2008.

In a statement, Union Health Ministry said, the new warnings will come into effect from 1st December this year. 

The text messages that will be printed on the packs are – ‘tobacco causes painful death’.

It said, any person engaged directly or indirectly in the manufacture, production and supply of cigarettes or any tobacco products will ensure that all tobacco product packages shall have the specified health warnings exactly as prescribed.

The images, details of the specified health warnings and the Rules are available at www.mohfw.gov.in.

The Ministry said, violation of the provision is a punishable offence with imprisonment or fine as prescribed in the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products act.

CPCB issues fresh guidelines on disposal of COVID-19 waste

Central Pollution Control Board, CPCB has issued fresh guidelines on disposal of COVID-19 waste. It has directed that masks and gloves used by everyone, whether infected or not, should be cut and kept in paper bags for minimum 72 hours before disposing off them.
 
The CPCB also directed commercial establishments shopping malls, institutions and offices to follow the same procedure with discarded protective personal equipment,PPE from general public.
 
It asked to ensure that general solid waste and biomedical waste generated from quarantine centres and quarantine homes is not mixed and they should be collected separately.
 
It added that leftover food, empty juice bottles or tetra packs, empty water bottles, packaging material, and any other items, generated or handled by COVID-19 patient should be collected along with other general solid waste in bags securely tied for handing over to waste collectors.
 
The CPCB also recommended use of bio-degradable or non-disposable cutlery to minimize waste generation.
 
It directed that isolation wards, including temporary healthcare facilities like rail coaches, must keep separate colour coded bins to maintain segregation of waste and use a dedicated bin to collect and store COVID-19 waste and keep it separately.
 
From COVID-19 isolation wards, used PPEs such as goggles, face-shield, splash proof apron, plastic coveralls, hazmat suits, nitrile gloves must be collected into a red bag.

Record number of over 29 thousand people cured from Corona virus in a single day in country

The Central Government has said that a total of 7,82,607 people have recovered from Corona virus so far and with this the recovery rate has reached 63.18 per cent in the country.

The Health and Family Welfare Ministry said yesterday, a record 29,557 people have recovered in the past 24 hours.

This is the highest number of recoveries in one day since the outbreak of COVID-19 in the country.

The Health Ministry said, the highest number of 45,720 new cases of COVID-19 were reported in the country within last 24 hours taking the total number of cases to 12,38,635.

Presently, the total number of active Corona cases in the country is four lakh 26,167.

In a single day, one thousand 129 deaths were reported taking the nationwide toll to 29,861.

However, the case fatality rate is continuously declining in the country and it has reached 2.41 per cent.

Govt imposes restrictions on public procurement from countries sharing land border with India on security ground

Government has imposed restrictions on public procurement from the countries which share a land border with India to strengthen the defence and national security.
 
The Department of Expenditure in a detailed Order said the Government has amended the General Financial Rules 2017 to enable imposition of restrictions on bidders from countries which share a land border with India on grounds of defence of India, or matters directly or indirectly related thereto including national security.
 
As per the order, any bidder from such countries sharing a land border with India will be eligible to bid in any procurement whether of goods, services including consultancy services and non-consultancy services or works including turnkey projects only if the bidder is registered with the competent authority.
 
The competent authority for registration will be the registration committee constituted by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, DPIIT.
 
Political clearance from the External Affairs Ministry and security clearance from the Home Ministry will also be mandatory.
 
The order also takes into its ambit public sector banks and financial institutions, Autonomous Bodies, Central Public Sector Enterprises and Public Private Partnership projects receiving financial support from the government or its undertakings.
 
The Central government has also written to State Chief Secretaries for the implementation of this Order in procurement by them and their undertakings.
 
The Finance Minister said the relaxation has been provided in certain limited cases, including for procurement of medical supplies for containment of COVID-19 global pandemic till December this year.
 
The Ministry said the new provisions will apply to all new tenders. In respect of tenders already invited, if the first stage of evaluation of qualifications has not been completed, bidders who are not registered under the new Order will be treated as not qualified.
 
If this stage has been crossed, ordinarily the tenders will be cancelled and the process started de novo.
 
The Order will also apply to other forms of public procurement. The Ministry said it does not apply to procurement by the private sector.

Importance of yoga

The genuine embodiment of yoga rotates around raising the existence power or ‘Kundalini’ at the base of the spine. It plans to accomplish this through a progression of physical and mental activities. At the physical level, the strategies include different yoga stances or ‘asanas’ that intend to keep the body sound. The psychological methods incorporate breathing activities or ‘pranayama’ and contemplation or ‘dhyana’ to teach the mind.The extreme objective of yoga is, be that as it may, to assist the person with transcending oneself and accomplish edification. As the Bhagavad-Gita says, “An individual is said to have accomplished yoga, the association with Oneself, when the completely trained psyche gets opportunity from all wants, and gets ingested in the Self alone.”

Significance of Yoga

Yoga isn’t a religion; it is a method of living that points towards ‘a solid brain in a sound body’.

Man is a physical, mental and significant being; yoga propels a sensible improvement of all the three. InVarious kinds of physical exercises, like heart animating activity, ensure simply physical thriving. They have little to do with the improvement of the profound or astral body.

Yogic activities energize the body with enormous vitality and encourage:

Achievement of impeccable balance and concordance

Advances self-recuperating

Expels negative squares from the psyche and poisons from the body

Upgrades individual force

Builds mindfulness

Aides in consideration, center and focus, particularly significant for youngsters

Diminishes pressure and strain in the physical body by enacting the parasympathetic sensory system

The hopeful feels restored and stimulated. Consequently, yoga gives to each wannabe the forces to control body and psyche.

Advantages of Yoga

The specialty of rehearsing yoga helps in controlling a person’s brain, body and soul. It unites physical and mental orders to accomplish a tranquil body and brain; it oversees pressure and nervousness and keeps you unwinding. It additionally helps in expanding adaptability, muscle quality and body tone. It improves breath, vitality and imperativeness. Rehearsing yoga may appear simply extending, yet it can do considerably more for your body from the manner in which you feel, look and move.

Yoga asanas manufacture quality, adaptability and certainty. Standard act of yoga can help get thinner, mitigate pressure, improve insusceptibility and keep up a more beneficial way of life.

In 2014, Indian Head administrator Narendra Modi proposed the Unified Countries to observe June 21 as the Universal Yoga Day as it is the late spring solistice; the longest day of the year in the Northern Half of the globe.

This convention is 5000 years of age. It isn’t about exercise however to find the feeling of unity with yourself, the world and the nature.By changing our lifestyle and making mindfulness, it can help in flourishing. Let us move in the direction of embracing a Universal Yoga Day.” —  Narendra Modi, UN General Get together, September 2014.

Pros and Cons of Longitudinal study

A longitudinal research is an observational research method in which information or data is collected for the same subjects over a period of time. They are often used in the field of psychology. Longitudinal researches can take place over a week, month, year or even years. In some cases, it can last to decades.

Just like any other research, longitudinal research also has some advantages and disadvantages. They are;

  1. ADVANTAGES
  • Effective in determining variables:- Since, longitudinal studies include collecting information in longer period of time, they are able to determine the patterns efficiently.  It is easy for a researcher to know more about causes and effect relationship and make connections in a clear way. These studies are really effective for determining long term changes that have occurred.
  • Powerful than cross sectional :- Longitudinal studies are known to be more powerful than cross sectional studies when it comes to excluding time invariants and unobserved individual differences.
  • Provide meaningful insights:- Longitudinal studies provide meaningful insights that may not be applicable with other researches such as cross sectional and similar studies. The longitudinal study also help the researcher to trace the development over time rather than directly jumping to conclusions.
  • Chronological order of events can be traced:- Longitudinal studies have the ability to identify events. The chronicity of events can be recognized by conducting this type of study especially in the medical field.
  • 2.DISADVANTAGES
  • Time consuming:- Longitudinal research requires huge amount of time. It takes considerable amount of time to collect and organize the data. Moreover, it takes equally amount of time to gather the results. By this time, Participants are more likely to drop out as they get bored. There is less chance that all the participants stay until the entire research ends. Continuity of the research is highly affected because of this factor.
  • Can be expensive:-  One of the main drawback of longitudinal research is that it is not cost effective. The amount of money that needs to be pitched in, is considerably high since longitudinal researches run for a long period of time. Because of this reason, the study consists of small group of people, which makes it difficult to apply the results to a wide population.
  • Require large sample size:- Another main drawback of the study is that it requires a large size of sample. The researcher should have a large number cooperating samples otherwise the research will not work perfectly.
  • Panel attrition:- If the researcher is only depending on the same group of subjects for a research, then there is high possibility that some of the subjects won’t be able to participate for various reasons, such as variations in the contact information, geographic location or even death.
  • Risk of getting unreliable data:-  People are likely to behave differently once they know they are being observed. So, it becomes very difficult to obtain unbiased data. The participants might unknowingly change their qualitative responses over time. This can adversely affect the result of the entire research.

BASICS ABOUT RESEARCH

It is an accepted fact that nothing stays constant forever. The world keeps on changing as the time passes. Every sector of life is thus likely to undergo the process of evolution. All the scientific researches have been conducted to foster the expansion of these sectors, which is necessary and unavoidable. Researches help to get an idea about the current situation of a specific field/area, problem and also how it can be flourished even more. Research makes path for generating new questions. A research is simply defined as a careful and detailed study related to a specific problem or issue using some scientific methods. It is basically a higher form of projects and case studies.

            Research is the process of systematic enquiry that contains collection of data, documentation of important information, analysis and interpretation of the given information or data using suitable methodologies that have been set by the academic disciplines and professional fields. The purpose of conducting research is to get a wide knowledge about a specific topic. It can be applied to both scientific and nonscientific fields. The topic of research can be anything ranging from marketing to medicine.  Depended on the topic the types and characteristics of the research varies. Researches are broadly classified into two; Basic or Fundamental research and applied research. Basic research is done to enhance knowledge. It is a noncommercial research that doesn’t help in inventing anything new. On the other hand, applied research help in analyzing and solving real life problems. These two researches are further divided into three based on the particular features. They are qualitative (non-numerical), quantitative (numerical) and mixed. Depends on the time consumed, target audience and methodology, research can be classified into longitudinal, cross sectional, descriptive, explanatory research and so on.

How Water Shortage Affects Development

Recently, UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) and WHO (World Health Organization) states that 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation and around 1.1 billion people lack access to water supply. Myriads of water systems that were able to feed a growing population have come to an end. According to a recent study, it has been estimated that there will be no enough water left for domestic and industrial purpose by 2040. Two thirds of the world population might face huge water shortage by 2025. The shrinking clean water resources and growing demand will create negative implications for millions of people. There are many problems that can cause due to water shortage which ultimately affects the economic and social development of a country. They are;

  • Hunger

         This is one of the basic and unavoidable problem of water shortage. Water is very much essential for farming and grow crops. Shrinking water resources will make it difficult for food production. People can hardly survive without food and water. Water shortage causes starvation to both human beings and animals.

  • Inadequate sanitation

Without water, there is no way to have a clean and hygienic atmosphere. Water is very much needed in order to clean our surroundings and the things we use. When people are not given access to clean water, it can lead to many diseases which can be very dangerous at times. People can easily cause disease from an unhygienic environment. It has been noted that nearly 1.6 million people die from diseases caused by lack of access of clean water, inadequate sanitation and pure hygiene.

  • Increased global conflict

Fresh water resources are often shared by two or more countries. Some rivers and lakes will be overlapped between two countries. These countries will have a mutual understanding in the control and usage of water. The water scarcity can thus affect these countries at the same time. There are high chances to have international conflicts between these countries because of water shortage. 

  • Economic slowdown

More than 1.3 million worldwide jobs are heavily depended on water, including, agriculture, mining, and industries that range from paper to pharmaceuticals. Another 1.2 million jobs across world are moderately water depended. They do not use large quantities of water, such as industries that are related to construction, recreation and transportation. In short, 78 percentage of world jobs need water. Shortage of water can adversely affect these jobs which ultimately leads to an economic crisis.

  • Energy shortages

Energy production is one of the world’s largest consumers of water resources. High quantity of water is needed in the production of electricity. Lack of water availability can affect the production of energy. Even though there are alternative energy sources such as wind and solar energy that require far less water to produce energy, it can make only up to a small fraction of energy production.