Category: Economy

Hobbies

Hobbies are very common. Everyone have their own priorities and likes regarding the hobbies. My hobby is listening to the music.

Listening to songs is such a nice thing. Every individual starts listening to the songs when he or she is addicted to them and really cannot come out of it. The music the songs will change the mood of the person. The songs in the musical interrelated with the human beings.

It is so important to prioritize the positive things in and around us in the life. One of the positive things is the music. Music makes Man convertible. Whatever the situation may be, it it helps the individual to come out of the situation and also to move one and into a new situation. The music you listen motivates life. The lyrics in this song will motivate the individual and help the individual at anytime.

It is very important for an individual to prioritize the music and the songs in the life. Because the songs or the music helps the individual to feel stress-free. It also helps the individual to relieve the tension and all the depression he or she had.

Music is described for every emotion. Every emotion is described in its own way in mmusic. Every emotion is clearly explained by the respected song.

Hobbies can often also be very expensive. Luckily, there are still lots of cheap and even free hobbies that are fun, educational and rewarding.


Here some of fun and low-cost hobbies


DIY :
Buy a book on DIY and start on anything that needs fixing around your house, make your own clothes or give your friends self-made presents.


WRITE A THEMED LIST, AND WORK THROUGH IT :
Make a list of things you want to do or see. It could be anything from films you want to watch to local places you want to visit. Try to work through your list in a month.

WATCH ONLINE DOCUMENTARIES :


You can find lots of free documentaries on the websites of Tv channels, or even on youtube covering hundreds of subjects, such a history or the ocean. You could also finally watch your favourite actor’s ,author’s or musician’s biography.

LEARN NEW THINGS :
Educating yourself doesn’t have to be boring. What are you passionate about? It could be science , the oceams or even horror films. Google your interests and become a knowledgeable as you can about your passions.

GO CAMPING :


Try going caming with your friends during the weekend. All you need is a tent, some snacks, and drinks. If you dont live near woods or a forest, you can even try camping in your back garden.

DISCOVER NEW MUSIC :


Look for new music on music websites or youtube or spotify by searching for your favouirte genre. You could find a band you love.

LEARN HOW TO COOK :


cooking is a useful life skill as well as a fun way to spebd your time. Invest in cheap ingredients and learn how to cook all of your favourite meals.

TRY DRAWING :


Drwaing is a really enjoyable way of expressing yourself. There are lots of different ways to draw, from painting to sketchibg to doodling, so choose one you are comfortable with and give it a go!


START INVESTING :


Investing is a great way to earn some extra money, just make sure you do your research properly when you first start.you don’t have to invest large sums, but small ones will be just as rewaeding if you have a plan.

WRITING :

Writing is one of the chepest ways to have fun. From blogging to trying your hand on a book, there are lots of different ways to enjoy writing. All you need is a pencil and paper to get started.PLAYING CARDS :
Invite some friends over , and get a pack of cards. There are hundreds of different games. You can play with cards and a pack is fairly cheap.

LEARN TO DANCE :


This hobby is great for your body and enjoyable pastime. Use youtube vidros and tutorials to teach yourself new dance moves.


READING :


Reading is a great way to exercise your mind.you can choose to lose yourself in a fictional world, learn more about your own world, or read the autobiography of someone you adimre. If you decide to pick reading up as a hobby, consider getting a library card for your local library.


Remember , the secret of life, happiness and fulfillment is simple: ” Find three hobbies you love: one to make you money, one to keep you in shape, abd one to be creative” .

Discipline

Discipline is very important in everyone’s life. It is so important to be disciplined in the life. Discipline is not acquired from a single day. It is a achieved by a continued process.parents are the important in every individual’s life. The are the main reason for the discipline of their children.

After the parents, teacher is the most important person in an individual’s life. Teacher is the one who moulds the individual from the initial stage of the life and makes the individual into and perfect one. Even though the teacher schools or beats sometimes it is all for the well-being of the student and for the bright future of the student.

The first teacher in everyone’s life is their mother. Beginning with the correct thing the first mistake of the child, mother plays a very important role in correcting many of the mistakes in an individual’s life. Also the father who corrects the mistakes and puts the children in a correct way. And the teacher, who is very important in our students life to achieve their desired goals.

Teachers play a very important role in making the student perfect and make them to understand the need of the situation. Teachers help the students to reach their desired goals and in any situation teacher motivates a student to get up and stand in all the ups and downs. Like that of the mother and the father, the teacher also feels equally happy when their student acheives high in their life and when they reach their desired goals.

IMPORTANCE OF DISCIPLINE IN LIFE :


TIME MANAGEMENT :


A disciplined person always has the time to complete all the tasks within given deadlines. This is because they are focused and they know how to schedule the time properly. They dont’t believe in wasting time on unnecessary things. They understand the value of time and they know that time once has gone never comes back.


LEADERSHIP :


All great leaders are not born. Most of them follow a very tight schedule and maintain discipline in their life to become good leaders. Good discipline generates a positive attitude towards society. It creates confidence and eagerness to do something great. It helps people to build an attitude that becomes the key to becoming successful. They are able to set a great examples for others in society.

DECISION MAKING :


It is because everything gets finished within the given deadlines, disciplined people always have time to revise their work and improve their decisions.
People who are disciplined are more focused both mentally and physically. They are better able to gain their body and mind with their ideas and goals. Finally, everything is regulated in order and increases their productivity in all the activites they undergo.


ACHIEVEMENTS :


Disciplined people are more motivated and concentrated. Therefore, they achieve more when compared to a person who is not disciplinef with the activites he/she undertakes. As per study, 92% of people are able to achieve their goals in life because of the reason of being disciplined.

STABILITY AND STRUCTURE :


With discipline, comes stability in all the tasks. It helps to schedule and organize the activites and tasks in a proper structure. If a person is focused and regularly follows this particular structure, he/she is sure to succeed in their life.

RESPONSIBILITY AND CONTROL :


With great discipline comes great responsibility. Only by making schedules and timetables a person cannot become successful. It is very important regularly follow and fulfill the responsibilites which are mentioned in the schedule. This will help them to develop self- control and also build good relations with others.

RESPECT :


A disciplined person always respected by society. He/she is lookef upon as role models and mentors. Through discipline, they worked hard and achieved their goals which made them a respectful figure in the eyes of others.

IMPROVES MENTAL HEALTH :


Modern society suffers alot from anxiety and depression. We cannot blame them for their condition. Just by maintaining a little discipline in their life, they can easily improve it. Discipline will help them to reduces stress and take control of their tasks. They would be able to overcome their fears and also control their emotions.

MAINTAIN PEACE IN SOCIETY :


Disciplined people are lie assets to society. If there is no law and order, there would bee too many activites. Discipline is required to prevent such things in society. By setting the requiref rules and regulationa, it becomes easier to live in a society that is full of peace and harmony.


STAY ACTIVE :


Disciplined people have time to do every activity in the schedule. They plan their schedule in such a way that improves both their academic/ instituational performance and also their physical health. They know what is good and bad for them and thereby have good eating habits, exercising habits, sleeping and waking up paterns, etc.


SELF DISCIPLINE self discipline means self control, the ability to avoid unhealthy excess of anything that could lead to negative consequenes.


• It is the ability to reject instant grafication and pleasure, in favor of some great grain, which requires spending effort and time to get it.
• It means perservetance and not giving up.
• It is the strength not to give in to negative feelings.
• It means overcoming one’s weakness.
• It is the ability to pursue one plan despite temptations to abandom them.
• Delayed gratification in favour of accomplishing long term goals.
Discipline is very important. It helps people to showcase their attitude and represent their character and thinking. Both the body and mind are honed by discipline. Descipline helps to address individual problems and develop a society that is both peaceful and respectful. Therefore, it would be right to say that without disciplinr there is no life at all.

Time management

Time is nothing but the count of the life. It is measured in Hours, minutes and seconds. It is very important to manage the time as it is very precious and cannot come back once it is lost. It is also very important to utilize the time properly.

Managing the time is very important. Many of the people don’t know how to manage the time. Let us now know some of the time management techniques and how to use them.

•Make schedules:-

Making schedules is one of the best methods to manage the time. All you have to do is, think of the things what you have to do on a particular day and allot some particular time for each activity. Complete particular activity in the allotted time. When the work takes too much time, then leave it aside and go for another work. Whenever all the work is finished, go for the work which is unanswered in the beginning and complete it. This is how schedules helps for time management and makes the proper use of the time.

•Don’t spend much time on one thing:-

Spending much time on a particular thing disturbe the individual and disturbs the concentration. So, to focus on the work, an individual must go for some another work whenever they get bored on a particular work. So, it helps to focus on the work and for not wasting the time.

Time management is the process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities.
BENEFITS OF TIME MANAGEMENT :


The ability to manage your time effectively is important. Good time management leads to improved EFFICIENCY and productivity, less stress, and more success in life. Here are some benefits of managing time effectively:

  1. STRESS RELIEF :
    Making and following a task schedule reduces anxiety. As you check off items on your ” to- do” list, you can see that you are avoid feeling stressed out with worry about whether you’re getting things done.

  2. 2.MORE TIME :
    Good time management gives you extra time to spend in your daily life. People who can time- manage effectively enjoy having more time to spend on hobbies or other personal pursuits.
  4. MORE OPPORTUNITIES:
    Managing time well leads to more opportunities and less time wasted on trivial activities. Good time management skills are key qualities that employes look for. The ability to prioritize and schedule work is extremely desirable for any organisation.

  5. 4.ABILITY TO REALIZE GOALS :
    Individuals who practice good time management are able to better achieve goals and objectives, and do so in a shorter length of time.

  6. LIST OF TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT:


  1. 1.SET GOALS CORRECTLY:
    Set goals that are achievable and measurable. Use the SMART method when setting goals. In essence, make sure the goals you set are specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Timely.

  2. 2.PRIORITIZE WISELY :
    Prioritize tasks based on importance and urgency. For example, look at your daily tasks and determine which are :
  • Important and urgent : Do these tasks right away.
  • Important but not urgent : Decide when to do these tasks.
  • Urgent but not important: Delegate these tasks if possible.
  • Not urgent and not important : set these aside to do later.

  • 3.SET A TIME LIMIT TO COMPLETE A TASK :
    Setting time constraints for completing tasks helps you be more focused and efficient. Making the small extra effort to decide on how much time you need to allot for each task can also help you recognise potential problems before theyv arise. That way you can make plans for dealing with them.

  • 4.TAKE A BREAK BETWEEN TASKS:
    When doing alot of tasks without a break, it is harder to stay focused and motivated. Allow some downtime between tasks to clear your head and refresh yourself. Consider grabbing a brief nap, going for a short walk, or meditating.

  • 5.ORGANISE YOURSELF :
    Utilise your calendar for more long term time management. Write down the deadlines for projects, or for tasks that are part of completing the overall project. Think about which days might be best to dedicate to specific tasks. For example, you might need to plan a meeting to discuss cash flow on a day when you know the company CFO is available.

  • 6.REMOVE NON- ESSENTIAL TASKS :
    It is important to remove excess activities or tasks. Determine what is significant and what deserves your time. Removing non- essential tasks frees up more of your time to be spent on genuinely important things
  • IMPLICATIONS OF POOR TIME MANAGEMENT :
  • Let us consider the consequences of poor time management ;
  1. PLAN AHEAD :
    Make sure you start everyday with a clear idea of what you need to do- what needs to get done THAT DAY. consider making it a habit to, at the end of each workday, go ahead and write out your ” to- do” list for the next workday. That way you can hit the ground running the next morning.
  2. POOR WORKFLOW :
    The inability to plan ahead and stick to goals means poor efficiency. For example, if there are several important tasks to complete, an effective plan would be to complete related tasks together or sequentially. That translates to reduced efficiency and lower productivity.
  4. WASTED TIME :
    Poor time management results in wasted time. For example, by talking to friends on social media while doing an assignment, you are distracting yourself and wasting time.

  5. 3.LOSS OF CONTROL :
    By not knowing what the next task is, you suffer from loss of control of your life. That can contribute to higher stress levels and anxiety.

  6. 4.POOR QUALITY OF WORK :
    Poor time management typically makes the quality of your work suffer. For example, having to rush to complete tasks at the last minute usually compromises quality

  7. 5.POOT REPUTATION :
    If clients or your employer cannot rely on you to complete tasks in a timely manner, their expectations and perceptions of you rely adversely affected. If a client cannot rely on you to get something done on time, they will likely take their business elsewhere.

Ways to Manage Stress

Stress is part of being human, and it can help motivate you to get things done. Even high stress from serious illness, job loss, a death in the family, or a painful life event can be a natural part of life. You may feel down or anxious, and that’s normal too for a while. Talk to your doctor if you feel down or anxious for more than several weeks or if it starts to interfere with your home or work life. Therapy, medication, and other stategies help. In the meantime, there are things you can learn to manage stress before it gets to be too much. Consider these suggestions:

Exercise

To start with, physical activity can help improve your sleep. And better sleep means better stress management. Doctors don’t yet know exactly why, but people who exercise more tend to get better deep “slow wave” sleep that helps renew the brain and body. Just take care not to exercise too close to bedtime, which disrupts sleep for some people. Exercise also seems to help mood. Part of the reason may be that it stimulates your body to release a number of hormones like endorphins and endocannabinoids that help block pain, improve sleep, and sedate you. Some of them (endocannabinoids) may be responsible for the euphoric feeling, or “runner’s high,” that some people report after long runs.

People who exercise also tend to feel less anxious and more positive about themselves. When your body feels good, your mind often follows. Get a dose of stress relief with these exercises:

Applications

Animals

Since the time Earth developed the quality of sustaining life, life has always gone under the process of evolution. Life started from single celled organisms and developed stage by stage. One organism extinct to develop into its better developed species or even at times it happens that some animals get erased from the surface of the earth due to extreme environmental condition.

EXTINCT ANIMALS: Species of animals which existed in the surface of the earth once upon a time but has no current existence, this may have been a result of extreme environmental condition or some other condition for existence. For example, we have dinosaurs, Dodo.

ENDANGERED ANIMALS: The species of animals which have only a few animals left on the surface of the earth and are in the mouth of being extinct are known as endangered, currently this is a result of poaching i.e., unethical killing of wild animals with purpose or change in the climate due to pollution and other factors. For example, we have the Royal Bengal Tiger.

We cannot do anything for the species which are extinct but we can definitely take steps and save our endangered species. Poaching laws should be made stricter and it should be taken care that people follow them.

Different types of animals :

Scientists sort the different types of animals in the world into categories based on certain characteristics. Animals are generally grouped into six types of aninals. The system for animal classifications is called taxonomy.

The Animal Kingdom :

All animals belong to a biological kingdom called kingdom Animalia. This kingdom is then broken down into over 30 groups. About 75% of all species on earth are aninals. Animals are then broken down into two types : vertebrates and invertebrates.

* Animals with a backbone are vertebrates.

* vertebrates belong to the phylum called phylum chordata.

* vertebrates are classified into five classes. They are amphibians, birds, fish,mammals, and reptiles.

* Animals without a backbone are invertebrates.

* Most invertebrates are in the phylum Arthropoda.

1. Amphibians :

All amphibians are vertebrates, and they need moist environment or water to survive.

* They are cold- blooded.

* They absorb water and breathe through their thin skin

* They have at least one special king gland used for defense.

* Most follow the life cycle of egg-larva- adult.

* examples : frog , newts, salamanders, toads.

2. Birds

Birds are a type of warm- blooded vertebrate that are adapted to fly.

* Not all birds can fly, but they do all have wings.

* Birds have beaks that help them catch and swallow food.

* The digestive system of a bird allows it to eat whenever it can and digest that food later.

* Birds lay egg to reproduce.

* They are endothermic, mening they maintain their own constant body temperature.

* They are bipedal, which means they have two legs.

* They have hollow bones and their bodies are covered in feathers.

* Birds belong to the class called Aves.

* Examples : albatrosses, chickens, hummin birds, falcons, falmingoes, ostriches, owls, parrot, penguins, pigeons.

3. Fish :

Fish are also vertebrates, and they are considered the oldest-known vertebrates.

* They are ectothermic, or cold- blooded, which means they rely on their surroundings to regulate their body temperature.

* Fish have funs.

* Most, but not all, fish have bodies covered in scales and breathe through gills.

* Fish live under water.

* Examples : eels, hangfish, lampreys, minnows, rays, salmon, seahorses, sharks.

4. Mammals :

Mammals are another type of vertebrate that belongs to the class Mammalia.

* young mammals get nourishment from milk produced by their mothers.

* Most mammals have hair.

* Their jaw is hinged directly to their skull unlike all other vertebrates.

* Almost aĺl mammals give birth to live bsbies.

* They are endothermic, or warm- blooded.

* Examples : there are over 5500 living species of mammals all over the world. Aardvarks, bats, elephants, hamsters, human, rabbits, rhinoceroses, whales.

5. Reptiles :

Reptiles are thought to be the first vertebrates to live completely on land. But, not all reptiles live only on land today.

* They are cold- blodded, or ectothermic

* They lay eggs to reproduce.

* They have four legs or descended from animals with four legs.

* They breathe through lungs

* Their bodies are covered in scales or scutes.

* Examples : crocodiles, geckos, lizards, sea turtles, snakes, tortoises.

Invertebrates :

Approximately 95% of all animals are invertebrates. Invertebrates do not have a backbone. There are different types of invertebrates, but they all share a few characteristics.

• They are made up of many cells that work together, or multicellular.

• Most, but not all have tissues, cells that work together in a more complex way.

• Most, but not all, can move.

• There are over 35 phyla of invertebrates.

• They generally have soft babies.

● Types of Invertebrates :

There are eight phyla of invertebrayes that are alive today.

* Annelida – have a segmented body and primitive brain

* Arthropoda – have jointed appendages and an exoskeleton.

* Cnidaria – have tissues and an incomplete digestive system

* echinodermata – have some type of spiny structure on their bodies

* Mollusca – generally have sofy bodies and a hard exoskeleton.

* Nematoda – unsegmented with worm- shaped bodies

* platyhelminthes – have soft, ribbon- like worms with no respiratory system.

* porifera – multicellular organisms living in water with no organs or tissues.

Examples : anemone( cnidaria) , clams ( mollusca), coral,

Property Rights

What Are Property Rights?

Property rights define the theoretical and legal ownership of resources and how they can be used. These resources can be both tangible or intangible and can be owned by individuals, businesses, and governments. In many countries, including the United States, individuals generally exercise private property rights or the rights of private persons to accumulate, hold, delegate, rent, or sell their property. In economics property rights form the basis for all market exchange, and the allocation of property rights in a society affects the efficiency of resource use.

Understanding Property Rights

Property is secured by laws that are clearly defined and enforced by the state. These laws define ownership and any associated benefits that come with holding the property. The term property is very expansive, though the legal protection for certain kinds of property varies between jurisdictions.Property is generally owned by individuals or a small group of people. The rights of property ownership can be extended by using patents and copyrights to protect:

  • Scarce physical resources such as houses, cars, books, and cellphones
  • Non-human creatures like dogs, cats, horses or birds
  • Intellectual property such as inventions, ideas, or words

Other types of property, such as communal or government property, are legally owned by well-defined groups. These are typically deemed public property. Ownership is enforced by individuals in positions of political or cultural power. Property rights give the owner or right holder the ability to do with the property what they choose. That includes holding on to it, selling or renting it out for profit, or transferring it to another party.

Acquiring Rights to a Property

Individuals in a private property rights regime acquire and transfer in mutually agreed-upon transfers, or else through homesteading. Mutual transfers include rents, sales, voluntary sharing, inheritances, gambling, and charity. Homesteading is the unique case; an individual may acquire a previously unowned resource by mixing his labor with the resource over a period of time. Examples of homesteading acts include plowing a field, carving stone, and domesticating a wild animal. In areas where property rights don’t exist, the ownership and use of resources are allocated by force, normally by the government. That means these resources are allocated by political ends rather than economic ones. Such governments determine who may interact with, can be excluded from, or may benefit from the use of the property.

Private Property Rights

Private property rights are one of the pillars of capitalist economies, as well as many legal systems, and moral philosophies. Within a private property rights regime, individuals need the ability to exclude others from the uses and benefits of their property. All privately owned resources are rivalrous, meaning only a single user may possess the title and legal claim to the property. Private property owners also have the exclusive right to use and benefit from the services or products. Private property owners may exchange the resource on a voluntary basis.

Private Property Rights and Market Prices

Every market price in a voluntary, capitalist society originates through transfers of private property. Each transaction takes place between one property owner and someone interested in acquiring the property. The value at which the property exchanges depends on how valuable it is to each party. Suppose an investor purchases $1,000 in shares of stock in Apple. In this case, Apple values owning the $1,000 more than the stock. The investor has the opposite preference, and values ownership of Apple stock more than $1,000.

Financial Literacy

What Is Financial Literacy?

Financial literacy is the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills, including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing. Financial literacy is the foundation of your relationship with money, and it is a lifelong journey of learning. The earlier you start, the better off you will be, because education is the key to success when it comes to money.

Read on to discover how you can become financially literate and able to navigate the challenging but critical waters of personal finance. And when you have educated yourself, try to pass your knowledge on to your family and friends. Many people find money matters intimidating, but they don’t have to be, so spread the news by example.

Understanding Financial Literacy

In recent decades financial products and services have become increasingly widespread throughout society. Whereas earlier generations of Americans may have purchased goods primarily in cash, today various credit products are popular, such as credit and debit cards and electronic transfers. Indeed, a 2019 survey from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco showed that consumers preferred cash payments in only 22% of transactions, favoring debit cards for 42% and credit cards for 29%.

Other products, such as mortgages, student loans, health insurance, and self-directed accounts, have also grown in importance. This has made it even more imperative for individuals to understand how to use them responsibly. Although there are many skills that might fall under the umbrella of financial literacy, popular examples include household budgeting, learning how to manage and pay off debts, and evaluating the tradeoffs between different credit and investment products. These skills often require at least a working knowledge of key financial concepts, such as compound interest and the time value of money. Given the importance of finance in modern society, lacking financial literacy can be very damaging to an individual’s long-term financial success.

Being financially illiterate can lead to a number of pitfalls, such as being more likely to accumulate unsustainable debt burdens, either through poor spending decisions or a lack of long-term preparation. This in turn can lead to poor credit, bankruptcy, housing foreclosure, and other negative consequences. Thankfully, there are now more resources than ever for those wishing to educate themselves about the world of finance. One such example is the government-sponsored Financial Literacy and Education Commission, which offers a range of free learning resources.

Strategies to Improve Your Financial Literacy Skills

Developing financial literacy to improve your personal finances involves learning and practicing a variety of skills related to budgeting, managing and paying off debts, and understanding credit and investment products. Here are several practical strategies to consider.

Create a Budget—Track how much money you receive each month against how much you spend in an Excel sheet, on paper, or with a budgeting app. Your budget should include income (paychecks, investments, alimony), fixed expenses (rent/mortgage payments, utilities, loan payments), discretionary spending (nonessentials such as eating out, shopping, and travel), and savings.

Pay Yourself First—To build savings, this reverse budgeting strategy involves choosing a savings goal (say, a down payment for a home), deciding how much you want to contribute toward it each month, and setting that amount aside before you divvy up the rest of your expenses.

Pay Bills Promptly—Stay on top of monthly bills, making sure that payments consistently arrive on time. Consider taking advantage of automatic debits from a checking account or bill-pay apps and sign up for payment reminders (by email, phone, or text).

China’s 5 Year Plan (2021-2025): Proposed Dam on River Brahmaputra

The five-year plans are a sequence of economic and social development initiatives furnished by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) since 1949. The five-year plans were inspired by the five-year plans from the USSR and the focus was on launching new schemes, reforms and setting new growth targets.

Since the 11th five-year plan (2006-2010), the Chinese government has mentioned it as ‘Guidelines’ instead of plans. Currently China is on its 14th five-year plan/ guidelines. Unlike the previous five year plans, there is no specific GDP growth target and instead, the government announced that growth would be kept in “reasonable range” and an annual target would be set based on the specific conditions each year. The focus of the current plan is on self-sufficiency as the country had to endure difficulty after the United States had restricted China’s major chip makers from using American technology. Other areas of focus will be on the above 7 percent growth in the research and development spending. The government will also try to raise the urban residents to 65 percent of the population while maintaining green development and increasing the life expectancy by 1 year. Infrastructure will also be an area of priority with a focus on high-quality development of the belt and road initiative.

One of the biggest infrastructure projects of the 14th The five-year plan (2021-2025) has been officially approved to build a series of dams in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, as the Brahmaputra is known in Tibet before it flows into India.

The proposed dam would be in Medog, Tibet region will have a maximum possible capacity of 60 gigawatts and could potentially produce 300 billion kWh annually. The location is an area called ‘the great bend’ also known as ‘Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon’ where the river goes through a very drastic U-turn and then the river descents from an elevation of 3000 meters to around 800 meters. Due to the drastic elevation change, the river flow is quite strong and is also an ideal location to build the dam.

The location of the dam could be a strategically risky move by china as it is very close to the Indian border but the other issue is that this proposed dam can undermine the water security of India. India relies heavily on the Brahmaputra River for agriculture and various other purposes.  Due to this, the proposed Dibang Dam by India in downstream (Arunachal Pradesh) might be the solution to offset the effect of the Chinese proposed dam. Although the majority of the catchment area of Brahmaputra is on the Indian side there is still the issue of water flow from the upstream as Assam usually suffers from floods in the rainy season and any additional water flow from the Chinese dam would make the situation worse. The problem will not only affect India but also Bangladesh due to its low-lying land and flood-prone region. Problem is that the region is ecologically diverse and sensitive and any kind of development in this region will negatively affect the ecology of this region. Due to turbulent tectonic plates, there are high chances of landslides and earthquakes as well. India will have to be vigilant and develop its strategy according to the developments on the Chinese side.

References:

CAN WE ENCOURAGE BEGGING?

At a tender age when children should study in schools, play with toys and enjoy their leisure, many of them are seen on roads seeking alms to make both ends meet due to selfish motives of some miscreants that make them beg under extreme conditions. Masked perpetrators of such deeds are making it a huge business by remaining behind the scenes. The plight of such children is really heart-wrenching. Several initiatives are taken by various institutions and NGOs to check it, but to no avail. Not because they are not true to the work they are doing, but because people like us are not ready to accept that by giving them money we are encouraging begging. The situation is not better throughout the nation as these beggars can be seen begging at traffic intersections, market places, religious places and outside educational institutions. Many of them are mowed down by speeding vehicles. Such children sometimes take to stealing and snatchings. They also disrupt the traffic. There is a need to unmask those elements who are behind the menace. Don’t encourage begging, instead help them by instilling positive ideas and educating them. JASPREET SINGH, PATIALA, editorial@tribune.com

A Street Beggar Begging has been declared an offense in independent India, but it has really no real impact. On almost every red light’, there are number of beggars who beg in the name of mercy or religion. Initially, people used to beg only in desperate circumstances but now-a-days, it has become a profession. Those who can make easy money by begging. do not want to work. And at times, they can earn more than an honest worker. At every crossing, a woman carrying a child, a handicap person. young children asking for alms for food or in the name of God, IS a common sight. They can all work to earn their livelihood, even the handicapped, because all self-respecting people try to stand on their own feet. Of course, crippled people should be helped, but not by giving them alms. Begging cannot be justified at any cost. People use different innovative ideas for begging. Some form singing parties, some wear saffron clothes and carry a bowl, others beg in the name of charitable institutions. Some try to rouse sympathy by carrying small, crying, hungry infants but while giving aims to any beggar, one should always remember that one is not helping the beggar in any way by giving them money but is only satisfying his ego of being a kind and benevolent man. Begging is a stigma on the name of any nation and charity should be given only to charitable institution so that it reaches those who really need them.

Don’t encourage begging!

Internet- Boon or Bane

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INTERNET stands for Interconnected Network that is a network system that connects millions of web servers. . Let us simply know its definition first. Internet is a hug network that connects computers all over the world. It has become the most significant medium for sharing information and communication from anywhere in the world.

Internet got introduced in India in 1986 but it took a decade to make it available for the public. VSNL first launched the internet in India on August 15, 1995. Today it has taken such a place in our life that a person can manage anything but they can’t survive without internet.

Recently, a study reported that the number of IP addresses has crossed the total limit, with the increase in the number of internet users across the world. With this huge development in this field one question also remains whether Internet is a boon or bane? For this we can have different opinions because some people consider it as a boon as they are just seeing the advantages and entertainment they are being provided by the internet while the rest will have some other arguments.

Everything has some pros and cons so as the internet. We can get alot of opportunities through the internet we can carry our business at a global level ,we can entertain ourself and also education can be provided by the internet and many more else . But on the other hand we are aware of various incidents that take place regularly of cyber crimes which is a big threat amd virus can also enter in our system which will also disturb our information and harm our privacy.

Internet is one the biggest tool that is making our life very easy. Just think if in this COVID-19 there will be no internet how will you get yourself updated? And attend your online classes? So its basically important that the reason and the time period for which internet is used must be the priority concern and it must be used with all the necessary precautions to keep it as a problem solver instead of a problem creator.

I sometimes wonder how we spent leisure time before satellite television and Internet came along…and then I realise that I have spent more than half of my life in the ‘dark ages’!
— Arthur C. Clarke

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MULTIMIDEA IN MARKRETING

Services | Enforcer Web Solutions & Multimedia Marketing

Advertising has become very prevalent in our daily lives , so for a product to stand apart , it is very essential to present it in a dynamic , visually stimulating manner to grab the attention of consumers . The business world is slowly rejecting run of the mill tradition methods (such as placing ads in yellow pages , distributing pamphlets , etc.) and adopting solutions from the electronic era . Only companies with a nerve to radically change their marketing strategies for the new millennium will survive and be able to cater to ever- changing customer’s mindset . Applications of multimedia in the marketing field include the following :

  • Presentations for launching the products of a company . Reaching the target audience with necessary technical services or products requires clear communication stating the benefits and features , outlining its applications and any other product -related details , all presented in a well- designed and interactive manner so that the users can be familiarized faster . Multimedia presentations helps in motivating , informing and captivating audiences via PCs , laptops , plasma screens or kiosks delivered via CD-ROM or the Internet .
  • Multimedia is used to create interactive product catalogues , training tutorials , buyer guides and information directories with adequate search and navigation facilities to guide the user to easily trace the desired information . A buyer guide can list the nearly dealers , a comparison of the top brands , maps of the city and other helpful guest services .
  • E-mail advertising or placing banner ads on the internet is an extremely cost -effective method of launching a product , promoting an event or selling services . Effective use of multimedia in advertising can make potential clients sit up and make notice .
  • Multimedia applications help in building brand loyalty as well as improving sales .Brand loyalty will be improved as the users are provided a custom application which entertains ; informs or assists them .
  • Graphical elements , animations , as well as audio and video can be used to more effectively deliver sales instructional or marketing messages , thereby differentiating a firm from its competitors .

WHAT MAKES 18 JULY A SIGNIFICANT DAY ?

18th July marks the birth of an iconic figure who vanquished South Africa’s apartheid system. The great personality who fought for human rights and was an international peacemaker. This person who played a very vital role in shaping the society and conserving the human rights was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela.

 “It is easy to break down and destroy.
The heroes are those who make peace and build.” 

 – Nelson Mandela

ABOUT NELSON MANDELA

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. The main focus of his government was on knocking down the apartheid regime by fostering racial reconciliation and tackling institutionalized racism. Nelson Mandela is an iconic figure who was an human rights lawyer, a prisoner of conscience and an international peacemaker. He is that great personality who vanquished South Africa’s apartheid system and was the first democratically elected president of free South Africa. Nelson Mandela was born Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela in Transkei, South Africa on 18 July, 1918. His strategy was to bring change through Legal Revolution but not through actual violence. He began his journey towards by following the path of non-violence, later embracing violence, and then adopting a non-violent approach for negotiation and reconciliation.

ABOUT NELSON MANDELA INTERNATIONAL DAY

Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is celebrated in honor of Nelson Mandela, the former South African President, on his birthday, that is on 18 July. This day was declared officially by the United Nations in November 2009 and the first Mandela Day was thus held on 18 July 2010. There are many other groups who celebrated this day before 2010 also, that is from 18 July 2009.

The UN General Assembly (UNGA) declared 18th July as “Nelson Mandela International Day” for paying tribute and for recognizing his contributions for achieving and promoting peace and freedom. Mandela Day reminds us that “Each individual has the potential and power to bring a positive change, transform and ability to make an impact.”

MESSAGE OF MANDELA DAY CAMPAIGN

Nelson Mandela fought for peace and harmony. He fought for bringing social justice for over 67 years. This day urges the people of Mother Earth to fight poverty and promote peace, reconciliation and cultural diversity.

While establishing this international day, UNGA recognized the values and dedication of Nelson Mandela for serving the humanity. He constantly fought for democracy and for promoting cultural peace throughout the world. Some other values for which he fought are:

  1. Conflict Resolution
  2. Race Relations
  3. Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
  4. Reconciliation
  5. Gender Equality
  6. Rights of Children and other vulnerable groups
  7. Fight against Poverty
  8. Promotion of Social Justice

The contribution of Nelson Mandela to the society can never be measured and his works remind us that “Everyone has the ability and the responsibility to change the world for the better!” Mandela Day is one such occasion which urges all to take action and inspire change.

WHY DO WE CELEBRATE NELSON MANDELA DAY ?

Nelson Mandela International Day is celebrated every year to remember the legacy of a man who shaped the present with his fight for 67 years and provided a better world and society for the future generation. Nelson Mandela changed the 20th century and helped shape the 21st century and future of the world. This day exhorts us to renew the values and principles of Nelson Mandela and to take actions for building a better society.

Nelson Mandela International Day

Nelson Mandela came into this world on July 18th, 1918. He hailed from a small village in Umtata, South Africa. His entire life story symbolizes a struggle against institutionalized racism in South Africa. It wasn’t easy for him to fight against the prevailing situations, as he was also one of those who were burdened by the impartial system.

Before getting actively involved in protesting against anti-apartheid fight, Nelson Mandela survived several years of his life being a subject of colonization. As an African child, Mandela suffered being a prey of the European expatriate project that involved ‘civilizing’ native communities. In 1960’s, Nelson Mandela was put behind the bars for standing against the racist regulations of the government. He spent around three decades of his life in prison but did not compromise his demand for seeking equality and justice for the common people.

Being an uncompromising and courageous leader, Nelson Mandela was characterized as a man of strength, integrity and principles. In the year 1994, he alone led the nation to put an end to racial discrimination. He was the 1st black president ever to get nominated in South Africa. He served as the South African President for five years ranging from 1994 to 1999.

After Nelson Mandela retired from his public life, he continued to symbolize the dreams and hopes of an equal and free world. In December 2013, he left this world forever. He was of 95 years at that time. Nelson Mandela had to his credit more than two hundred and fifty awards and honors that included the “1993 Nobel Peace” Prize, the Medal of Freedom, and the Bharat Ratna.

Life of Nelson MandelaHe has conducted comprehensive traveling since his release from prison when he spoke. Nelson Mandela claims: “The biography of Pandit Nehru helped me prepare for my discharge. Who wrote about what’s going on when you leave prison.My daughter Zinzi claims she grew up without a dad who became the nation’s dad when he came back. This has put on my shoulders a huge burden.And wherever I travel, I instantly start missing the familiar–the mine dumps, the uniquely South African color and smell, and especially the individuals. I don’t like being away for a long moment. There’s no place like home for me.Mandela accepted the Nobel Peace Prize as a tribute to all those who worked for peace and opposed racism. This individual has been awarded as much as it has been to the ANC and all the individuals of South Africa.

Letter of Credit

In the era of Globalisation, businesses all over the world rely on each other, be it for raw materials, consultation services, marketing or capital goods. This led to an increase in international payments, especially with increase in exports. Some of the most common methods of international payments include- International cheque, Wire transfer and the safest and the most convenient method preferred by most exporters- Letter of Credit.

Letter of Credit is a bank guarantee given by the buyer’s (importer) bank to seller’s (exporter) bank. It is the most secure instrument, also known as Documentary Credit. The main concern of most exporter is safety which is why they prefer Letter of Credit over other modes of payment. It is guaranteed by the bank and the verification of all necessary documents including the inspection certificate is also done by the bank.

Documents required by the bank includes Bill of Lading, Marine insurance, Custom attested Packing list and invoice, Pre-shipment Inspection certificate and Certificate of origin.

Merits of LC

  • Exporter is assured of payment as it is guaranteed by the buyer’s bank.
  • Exporter can get advance payment from bank if the LC is confirmed and irrevocable.
  • It eliminates commercial risk.
  • It enables the importer (seller) to expand their sources of supply as exporters are always willing to supply against Letter of Credit.
  • It prevents blockage of funds and bad debts.

Types of LC

There are 10 types of Letters of Credit. Different LCs have different terms of payment associated with them and hence, it is important for exporters and importers to assess and wisely decide which type suits them the most.

  1. Sight LC: In a sight LC, the exporter immediately receives payment after goods are received.
  2. Usance LC: With a Usance LC, the exporter grants a credit period for payment which is jointly accepted by both banks.
  3. Confirmed LC: Confirmed LC does not allow the Issuer bank (importer’s bank) to modify the terms of LC. Ideally, LC should be confirmed as it is safer.
  4. Unconfirmed LC: Unconfirmed LC allows Issuer bank to modify the terms of LC.
  5. Red clause LC: In a Red clause LC, the importer must make partial or full advance payment.
  6. Green clause LC: Green clause LC allows the importer to make the payment after dispatch of the shipment.
  7. Negotiable LC: Issuing bank (importer’s bank) authorises any bank to be the Nominated bank (exporter’s bank) to negotiate the terms of the LC and receive the payment on behalf of the exporter.
  8. Revolving LC: For regular transactions between the same two parties, one can get a Revolving LC. It allows the parties to set a limit and use the same LC for multiple payments till the limit is reached.
  9. Transferable LC: This type of LC allows the exporter to endorse the LC in favour of a third-party which simply implies that the amount owed to the exporter by the importer is paid to the third-party directly, on behalf of the exporter.
  10. Back-to-back LC: This LC involves 3 parties and two payments under one LC. For example, payment to vendor by manufacturer for raw material and payment to the manufacturer by the retailer under the same LC. It eliminates the need for applying for two LCs.

What is Visa Provisioning?

In today’s fast changing and developing world, technology has taken over. Technology has dominated the world in many aspects. One such sector is the payment sector. The world is leaning towards the method of online payment. The drift towards it has been increasing rapidly with time. Now focusing on this area of online payments, we have an excellent system. It is Visa Provisioning.

Visa Provisioning is the system of online payment on a mobile phone. It helps in effortlessly downloading the payment account details on your mobile phone. This service is mainly convenient for mobile operating systems along with some other systems. Visa Provisioning is a service based on a technology called NFC. NFC stands for Near Field Communication. Come on, let’s have a look at this.

What is NFC?

NFC is wireless communication technology. It allows the users to exchange data between two devices in a short-range. It is considered to be expanding at a great pace for a newly launched technology. In some ways, it is better than Bluetooth too.

Features of Visa Provisioning

  1. Visa Provisioning works only with the NFC technology installed on mobile phones. This is the reason why it doesn’t work on some of the new mobile systems.
  2. It is known to be efficient for both Visa and Non-Visa transactions.
  3. It does an excellent job in transit applications as well.
  4. Payments can be effectively completed by this system over a distance too.

Working of Visa Provisioning

It can not be stressed enough that this only works with the NFC technology. Now let’s find out how this amazing system works. You just need to follow these simple steps and you are good to go.

  1. Firstly you have to activate the mobile payment system on your mobile.
  2. Now, just enter the correct password in order to proceed with the payment process. Make sure you don’t enter the wrong password because it will lead to the cancellation of the payment.
  3. Once you authenticate, the NFC technology will begin its work. It will exchange some payment account details and some credentials keys among its network.
  4. After completion of this process, you can download the details on your phone easily.
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Benefits of Visa Provisioning Service

Visa Provisioning is a very beneficial system for online payments. Below are some benefits of the same. Let’s have a look.

  1. Smooth payment options – Contact less payments are done using NFC. Visa Provisioning system eases the process for the customers and as well as for the bankers and the transit operators.
  • Easy connectivity – This has great connectivity and can be used anywhere, anytime. The Visa Provisioning system has made this easy for all.
  • Advanced payments – Advanced mobile payments are being carried out by this system for years now. It has evolved and grew around the world. By this you can also link your mobile phone with you Visa account.
  • User friendly – This is a very user friendly network. It is easy to use. It provides quick payment options. It can also operate from a distance.
  • Secured network – Yes, Visa provisioning is a safe and secured way of mobile payments. It only requires an e-mail address for registration. This type of facility provides you the advantage of carrying out your payments in a much more easy and effective way. It also features many security measures like PIN authentication and stores all your data safely in a third party service provider.

How does Visa Provisioning Service Differ from Other Types of Mobile Payment Methods ?

Other mobile payment services also use the near field communication (NFC). Visa Provisioning services can be used for any type of cards whereas other methods are confined to their company.

The bank issuing your card can choose to allow Visa Provisioning service for your payment account as long as they meet the requirements. This will also allow their customers to take advantage of the card less payment options just by using mobile.

Another advantage of the Visa Provisioning Services is that they are instant transactions without needing any information.

The Future for Mobile Payments

As we all know, the future of the world lies in technology advancements over the coming years. Online and card less payments are just another addition to the perks of living in an advanced world. It makes the payments easier and safer as compared to the old methods.

The future of cash less payment methods is expected to grow continuously. Major online payment companies like PayPal and Apple Wallet are beginning to make a place for themselves in the market. It is due to their convenience factor and user friendly environment.

The Visa Provisioning Service only requires a single tap on your mobile screen and your money will be transferred or transacted in no time. The NFC technology ensures the safety of your personal details as well as takes care of the whole process of online payment.

How Does Visa Provisioning Service Work with Mobile Payments ?

Mobile payments are apparently considered different from the contact less payments. Contact less payments require both the card and the terminal to support this capability. They are referred to as NFC payments.

Mobile payments require that the device should be connected to Blue Tooth or Near Field Communication Technology so that the transactions can be made without having to swipe the card.

Using NFC technology creates an authorization for payments. You just have to tap on the eligible device name shown on their screen, for the transactions. It can be a store or any other appropriate location. You can use your fingerprint or your PIN number to complete the process of online payment.

How to Maintain Visa Provisioning Services ?

To maintain the Visa Provisioning Service, you need to visit your Visa account by either downloading the Visa Token Service or linking it with your mobile number for receiving a code. Then you can easily maintain your account.

For organizations, they have their own different processes for maintain the Visa Provisioning Services for their consumers.

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Disadvantages of Visa Provisioning Services

  1. Can not make purchases from mobile apps.
  2. It is a third party payment method so additional fees may be required.
  3. Have to give up your privacy of the Visa account.
  4. Transactions may be declined in case of insufficient funds or incorrect account details.
  5. There is a higher risk of identity theft.
  6. There may be cases of credit card frauds.
  7. Unauthorized purchases can also be done by this method.

Some Companies that use Visa Provisioning Services

  • Amazon
  • Starbucks
  • Google (Google Pay)
  • Netflix
  • Samsung
  • Sony PlayStation Store
  • Apple
  • Dell Financial Services

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. Why is Visa Provisioning Service important ?
  2. Visa Provisioning Services is important because it links your credit card to your mobile for easy online payments. It ensures safe transaction successfully.
  • How can you deactivate Visa Provisioning Services ?
  • To deactivate Visa Provisioning from your device, follow these steps :
  • Go to your mobile settings.
  • Tap on the ‘apps’ or ‘applications’ option.
  • Select Visa Provisioning Service from the list of your apps.
  • Click on the ‘uninstall’ button to deactivate your Visa Provisioning Service account.
  • What is Visa Provisioning Service 0$ ?
  • Zero dollar charge is a one time payment that requires validation of your mobile phone number and your address for a Visa card.
  • Where are Visa Provisioning Services currently available ?
  • It is currently available in the United States. It is not currently operating internationally. But other NFC transaction methods are in use over the world.