Category: Editorial

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What are Causes of Lightening Strikes?

According to wikipedia, “A lightning strike or lightning bolt is an electric discharge between the atmosphere and the ground. ” It mostly occurs within the cloud but when it does strike the earth, it can cause serious damage to life and property. About 240,000 lightning strike incidents happen each year globally and according to National geographic, about 2000 annual deaths occur due to lightning strikes. About 41 people died in Uttar Pradesh (India) and 23 in Rajasthan (India) and about 21 were injured due to lightning strikes on Sunday (11 July, 2021).

How does lightning occur?

Clouds consist of electric charges (positive and negative) that are usually balanced but the winds of a storm result in a separation of charges within the clouds. Positively charged particles occupy the top of the cloud and the negatively charged particles concentrate on the bottom. This separation of charges result in the flow of electricity.

Types of lightning bolts-

There are 3 main types of lightning bolts-

  1. Cloud-to-cloud: When charged particles of one cloud are attracted to the oppositely charged particles of another cloud, it is known as cloud-to-cloud lightning. It is the most common form of lightning in the sky.
  2. Cloud-to-air: When the discharge moves from the cloud to the sky and is attracted to the charged particles of air, it is referred to as cloud-to-air lightning.
  3. Cloud-to-ground: Negative charge- In this type of flow of lightning, the negatively charged particles begin to move towards the ground in a zig-zag path( also known as stepped leader) . They move with such high speed that they reach the ground in about a millisecond. When they reach the ground, they attract positive charges(also known as an upward leader or streamer) that begin to move towards them (usually through tall buildings, trees, etc.). When the stepped leader and streamer meet, it leads to a flow of powerful current from the ground to the cloud. Positive charge- When the positive charge of cloud overcome the negative charge and travel towards the earth meeting negative stream of charges coming from the earth , it is referred to as CG lightning-positive charge. It, though uncommon, is more dangerous.

5 ways lightning strikes people –

  1. Direct strikes- The most deadly, it usually occurs to people who are in open areas. When lightning strikes the body,, some of the current moves through the body and some moves along and over the body( which produces heat that can cause skin burns).
  2. Side flash- It occurs when the victim is standing next to a taller object and some of the current from the taller object is transferred to the body of the victim, which is why you should avoid taking shelter under a tree when lightning strikes.
  3. Ground Current- When lightning strikes a tall body, much of the energy leaves the body and is either side flashed or transferred to the ground. The current transferred to the ground affects a larger area as it can transfer through conducting materials, which is why you should avoid being outside during lightning flashes.
  4. Conduction- Lightning can travel through potentially conducting surfaces like barbed wires who provide a pathway for lightning to travel very large distances.
  5. Streamers- People caught in streamers formed during cloud-to-ground transition of lightning will find it very difficult to come out of it and it can result in death.

How to protect yourself from lightning?

  1. Avoid going outdoors during lightning strikes and even if you do end up being in the outdoors, immediately find an enclosed shelter.
  2. Do not, under any circumstance, take shade under a tree or be near one.
  3. If you are inside your car, do not get out. But ensure that your car is parked in an open space away from potential charge attracters or conductors.
  4. Avoid being near water. Do not bathe (even inside your house) and stay away from rivers, lakes or any other water body.
  5. Try to minimize your surface area, when outside. Do not lie flat and crouch into a ball-like-position.

East Timor: Brief analysis of its history & independence.

East Timor or Timor-Leste is a tiny island country in Southeast Asia nestled between Australia and Indonesia.

For more than 300 years the territory of East Timor was ruled by Colonial Portugal (Portuguese Timor). They set up both commercial outposts and catholic missions. On 28 November 1975, Portugal withdrew from the island territory when the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor had declared the territory’s independence. But this exit from East Timor was not at all smooth and this enraged bitter rivalry between various local groups. Just nine days later in December 1975 East Timor was invaded and occupied by the Indonesian military. Suharto, the Indonesian president at that time didn’t receive much resistance from the western countries due to the left-leaning stance of East Timor at that time (Cold war).  The Indonesian occupation was a brutal and violent period in East Timor’s history with various suppression tactics many people lost their lives during that period.

The following decades were highly violent with many conflicts between the separatist groups known as Fretilin and the Indonesian military. The military fought a continuous guerilla war with the rebels in the island’s interior mountains. There were numerous rights violations and over 100,000 people died under the occupations of Indonesia.

One of the most defining instances happened on November 12, 1991, when the Indonesian military shot and killed over 250 people who had come for the memorial procession in honor of Sebastio Gomez, a pro-independence supporter killed by the Indonesian military. The events occurred in the Santa Cruz Cemetery in Dili, East Timor’s capital. This tragedy is known as the Santa Cruz Massacre. The event gained international media attention. Although the Indonesian occupation did not cede until eight years later in 1999, the Santa Cruz massacre was a defining moment in the island nation’s quest for independence.

In 1998 president Suharto resigned from his position after more than 30 years in power due to growing pressure and protests against him from within the country. His replacement was open towards more open towards the autonomy of East Timor. International pressure for East Timor grew in 1998. During the downfall of the New Order government, as part of Reformasi, a referendum was held in East Timor to ask whether they wished to remain in Indonesia with increased autonomy or become independent. On August 30, 1999, about 78% of the population of East Timorese chose to remain independent.

Following the referendum, violence again erupted in East Timor as Indonesian-backed militias increased their activities across the country. In September UN peacekeeping let by Australia force took control of the situation but a lot of damage was already done. In 2002 Xanana Gusmão was elected as the first president after three years of transitional governance by the UN.

As of today, the country has been relatively stable but the economic conditions have not been improved. Indonesia’s Timor has fared comparatively better than East Timor. It was also discovered that Australia, a country that East Timor considered as their ally had spied on East Timor to gain leverage over negotiations on the exploitation of natural resources in the Timor Sea. On a positive note, the country has comparatively good relations with Indonesia now.

References:

Interior designing

Gone are the days where people don’t pay attention to visual things .Now people are quite serious about visuality of things.The designing industry is growing at the rate 23-25% annually.India currently need more than 1 lakh interior designers .In coming future , interior designing is one of the most popular designing profession in india.The interior designing market said to be increased by 8.3% by the end of the year 2025.With increase in standard of living in both urban and rural areas ,a good living styles became the inseparable part people.

With the rapid growth of commercialation ,the living standard of people changed .To live in the most beautiful house is been a dream of both urban and rural people. The experts says there is surely the positive growth in interior designing sector in india.It is surely the best career for creative people.

LEARN FROM FAULTS-STORY OF A TEENAGER

” I know that changes in me are due to activation of hormones in teenage. The cuddle hormone is responsible for that. I’m the one who likes to enjoy my life to the fullest and I could not control the thoughts that are running at high speed with new energy. I’m curious about to join in a college where I can find many new friends to enjoy the college life along with my academics. I can still remember the first day in my college where I met an unforgettable person in my life.

At initial days I felt delighted to go college and enjoyed my studies along with my friend whom I met on the first day. With in few weeks we both became best friends and we used to bunk the classes when we feel bore. After some days my attendance report was sent to my parents, by seeing my attendance report my parents scolded me a lot. I felt very bad on that day and next day when I went to college I discussed every thing that was happened in my home with my bestie. After listening to my words he cooled down me and made me to feel better from my guilt. At that day I felt happy to have such a friend.

His presence made me to do crazy things with a pretty smile on my face but I have never recognized that I’m neglecting my studies. Slowly my mind got turned to bad things, I started smoking along with my friend with out knowing the consequences. At that time I don’t know that those cigars contain drugs in them. I have addicted to those cigars a lot and my studies got damaged totally. One day, my parents got to know about me through my principle because of a robbery that was made by me and my friend.

When my principle asked me and my friend about the robbery, he simply throwed that mistake on me and escaped from their. I never expected that from him and I regretted a lot for having such a worst person as a friend in my life. I said every thing that happened to me with my parents on that day but they didn’t spill a word on me and immediately next day they took me for counselling. Slowly I started understanding my parents and their love and care on me but I bagged a bad name in front my lecturers and my cousins insulted my parents a lot because of me.

After a lot of counselling sessions I realized about the importance of career in my life and started my new journey with focused mind and today I owned a job in an MNC with an outstanding salary. Guys, I just want to convey you one thing that, be conscious while choosing your friends and don’t neglect the words of your parents especially when your are in teenage. Never forget to learn from your previous mistakes. ”

From the above story, I can definitely say that most of the teenagers have confronted with various situations where they can distract from their studies. The teenager life is too complicated in every persons life and we have to understand that it is a phase where everyone want freedom and wishes to fly heights. So my dear teenagers, beware of your root point where you have to come back though you fly at heights and always remember that time is the precious gift that can’t bring back once if you wasted it. So please use your time wisely to reach your motives with out any distractions.

Water

Water is the basic needs of the individual for the Survival. Some of the things like oxygen, water, food are very essential for the individual to live. After the oxygen, water is very much important for the individual survival and for the whole environment as well. Water is used in the daily basis for many of the activities like drinking, cleaning, watering, and also for some of the electric purposes etc.

There are plenty of water in the seas but there is no use of them. Because, all the seawater are salty and not food for drinking purpose. They can be made for drinking by some of the beautification methods which takes lots of processes and also the time. Scarcity of the water is not only the India’s problem but also the global problem.

If the wasteage of water is continued in the same way, there will be a day where no water can be found for drinking purposes and for some of the utility purposes. Most of the people waste water without any need. Using water for the purposes are all good but Wasting the water without any reason is a bad habit that an individual must not develop. It is very easy to waste water rather than saving the drop.

The main sources of water are surface water, ground water and rain water.

Importance of water :

Water is very important to the human body. Every one of your cells,organs and tissues use water to help with temperature regulation, keeping hydrated and maintaining bodily functions. In addition, water acts as a lubricant and cushions your joints. Driniking water is great for your overall health. Because your body loses water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it’s important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water.

Water delivers important nutrients to all of our cells,especially muscle cells, postponing muscle fatigue. Water helps weight loss. Water helps you feel full longer,without adding any additional calories.

Benefits of Drinking water :

* Increases Energy & Relieves Fatigue. Since your brain is mostly water, drinking it helps you think, focus and concentrate better and be more alert.

* promotes weight loss.

* Flushes out Toxins.

* Improves skin complexion

* Maintains Regularity.

Best source of water :

1. Watermelon – water content : 92%

2. Strawberries – water content : 91%

3.cantaloupe – water content : 90%

4.peaches – water content : 89%

5.oranges – water content : 88%

6. Skim Milk – water content : 91%

7. Cucumber – water content : 95%

8. Lettuce – water content : 96%

9. Broths and soups – water content : 92%

10. Zucchini – water content : 94%

11. Celery – water content : 95%

12. Plain yogurt – water content: 88%

13. Tomatoes – water content : 94%

14. Bell peppers – water content : 92%

15.cauliflower – water content : 92%

16. Cabbage – water content : 92%

17. Grape fruit – water content : 88%

18. Coconut water- water content : 95%

19. Cottage cheese – water content: 80%

Disadvantages of water :

It is said that too much consumption of water can lead to fluid overload in the body and imbalance in the body. Excess water can lead it lower sodium levels in the body, which may further lead to nause, vomthing, cramps, fatigue. This condition is known as hyponatremia.

The best method to save water is to use in limited amounts. That is, to limit the water without wasting much water.

Mental Health- still a taboo?

Just because no one else can heal or do your inner work for you, doesn’t mean you can, should or need to do it alone.

Lisa Olivero

Have you ever felt the stark desire to inevitably scream in a room full of people, hoping they just care enough to notice the signs you have been leaving regarding your deteriorating mental state and how desperately you need help? But instead, you just accept your solitude in an empty chair and try to repress your bottled-up emotions deep within the realms of your consciousness.

A lot of us might have gone through the same situation at a certain point in our lives. The primary reason behind this subconscious aversion to the expression of thoughts is the mere fact that humans have been conditioned to do so throughout their lives. Men are typically the most vulnerable victims of this detrimental mindset. From an early age, they are frequently instructed to not cry like a girl. According to a survey, a significant percentage of men in the nation are currently depressed, and they themselves admitted that they lack a support system.

Mental health is still a deeply rooted stigma that people aren’t ready to accept. In order to understand the concept one needs to broaden the perspective of understanding humans and follow certain ways like-

  1. Instead of asking,”How are you?” ask,” How are you, really?”
  2. Look for obvious signs in a person- whether they feeling low from abnormal no. of days.
  3. Asking your closed ones to describe their day in detail and be a good listener.
  4. Do not mistreat someone who is already going through some sort of trauma.
  5. Treat people with kindness, you never know what someone is going through.

Additionally, in India, therapists continue to be overlooked as a useful resource for treating a person’s mental health. A person is called a “lunatic” if they see a therapist. In light of the increased public awareness during the pandemic’s lockdown time, these issues are being explored on social media, and many people now see psychology as a crucial component of the educational system. People have now started considering mental health as being equally essential as physical health as because of an alarming spike in suicide incidents during this period.
Still, awareness needs to be assured at ground level and there is still a long way to go to see the day when all of us are not reluctant to lend a helping hand to our fellow humans.

A fundamental aspect of any society should be understanding, accepting, and embracing each and every emotion one feels which makes them human.

Importance of internship

internship sound daunting, don’t they?

It may be your first real job, the pay is low, the hours long, and you are at the bottom of whichever career ladder you seek to climb.

But— 

Though these points are true in most cases, there are many benefits of internships, as well. In fact, taking that internship now may just help you skip a few rungs on your way up that career ladder in the future.

Application of education and career exploration.

Internships are a great way to apply the knowledge from the classroom to real world experience. Learning is one thing, but taking those skills into the workforce and applying them is a great way to explore different career paths and specializations that suit individual interests.

Actual Work Experience

When you’re in college or a fresh grad, your resume probably looks as if it was printed in invisible ink—there’s not much on there, right?

The number one reason for taking an internship is for gaining actual work experience.

Sure, you may have worked as a barista or SAT tutor part-time, and you can definitely add those items to your resume. However, if your dream is to be a web developer at Facebook or practice environmental law to help fighting climate change, those high school jobs or college gigs are nothing more than filler on your job resume or cover letter.

On the other hand, internships are where you get to obtain experience in the field you’ll pursue on your career path. It’s a job, and likely the first one on your resume and cover letter that’ll make a future hiring manager sit up and take notice.

Gain experience and increase marketability

Having an internship gives you work experience in the career field you want to pursue. Not only does this give individuals an edge over other candidates when applying for jobs, it also prepares them for what to expect in their field and increases confidence in their work.

A Paycheck

For most intern programs that don’t offer college credits, and even for some that do, a regular paycheck is one of the most desired benefits of internships.

While interns’ paychecks are usually considered peanuts when compared to the “real” employees at the company, were you to compare, it’s still money in the bank. Rather than bartending to help you pay for college expenses (unless that’s where your heart lies), a paid internship in your chosen field will put some cash in your wallet while earning invaluable industry experience—a win-win, right?

Professionalism

Internships can provide students with the soft skills needed in the workplace and in leadership positions. In a  (2018), 57% of people rated soft skills as being more important than technical skills. Skills, such as communication, leadership, problem-solving, and teamwork can all be learned through an internship and utilized beyond that experience.

Build your resume

 Most organizations and jobs that you apply to following graduation want employees to have some sort of professional experience, even for entry level job. In the event that you are a finalist for a position and haven’t had an internship experience but the other finalist has, you may lose out on a job opportunity, so make sure you at least have one internship on your resume before leaving college to give you a leg up on the competition.

Afforestation

Afforestation is very useful to prevent and maintain the oxygen levels. Due to the deforestation, many of the trees are being cut and the oxygen supply has been reduced very drastically. Afforestation will help to maintain the oxygen levels in the atmosphere and helps the individual and the world to be healthy all the time. Oxygen is the minimum need for the individual to survive on the earth. If there is no oxygen, then which will cannot live or survive. When there is no o2, It is equally difficult for the animals to survive.

It also helps to maintain good forests. Deforestation, that is cutting of the trees makes the land abandoned and trees life less. When an individual takes a step forward to plant trees that is afforestation, good number of trees will be grown and the forests will be developed.

The most important thing for the animal’s survival is trees that give shelter and plants for the food. When the trees are being cut, some of the animals find no shelter and sometimes no food to eat. When afforestation takes place animals will find good shelter and also good food to eat.

Importance of Afforestation :

Afforestation helps to addess all the issues of soil erosion and barren land at the same time. Tress acts as wind barriers thereby weakening the speed of the wind and reducing its impact and ability to carry big soil particles.

The impacts of afforestation is occuring in many parts of world, can modify the nature and transformations of soil organic carbon and associated soil prevents, which in turn can affect plant diversity and ecosystem function. Afforestation also decreased soil bulk density and pH, and increased soil water content.

Types of Afforestation :

Afforestation materials are mainly divided into three categories: seed,seedling,and cutting. The choice of these three types of afforestation materials and methods is related to site conditions, tree species and age.

Various causes of Afforestation :

* Afforestation is highly fundamental in creating an alternative source pool of nature resource.

* Afforestation aids in tackling global warming and stabilizing global temperatures.

* protection of sensitive areas, biodiversity, and natural cycles.

* Afforestation can support wildlif.

* Afforestation creates employment and can provide a source of livelihood.

Advantages of Afforestation :

* A constant supply of forest products.

* prevents soil erosion.

* stabilizes the climate.

* Has the potential of reversing global warming and climate change.

* Better quality air.

* Improve watershed.

* preservation of wildlife.

* provision of employment and economic opportunities.

Disadvantages of Afforestation :

If not properly managed, afforestation can result in a reduction of local biodiversity, the modification of particular biomes, the intriduction of non – native and potentially invasive species, reduced stream flow and lost revenue from agricultural.

Obesity

Obesity is described by the BMI (Body mass index). The obesity in the body is nothing but the high level of fat stored in the body. It is a very bad thing which in future leads to many health problems.

Many of the children are falling obese now a days. This is because of not having good food. Many of the children are highly addicted to the junk food. The junk food intake in the body increases the fat levels in the body.

A disorder involving excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems. Obesity often results from takingin more calories than are burned by exercise and normal daily activities.

Symptoms:

Obesity occurs when a person’s body mass index is 25 or greater . The excessive body fat increses the risk of serious health problems.

What causes obesity?

Obesity is generally caused by eating too much and moving too little. If you consume high amounts of energy , particularly fat and sugars, but do not burn off the energy through exercise and physical activity, much of the surpluse energy will be stored by the body as fat.

8 Most common causes of obesity :

* physical inactivity.

* overeating.

* Genetics.

* A diet high in simple carbohydrates.

* A frequency of eating .

* Medications.

* psychological factors.

* Diseases such as hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, and caushing’s syndrome are also contributors to obesity.

Let us now look at some methods to prevent obesity.

*Healthy and nutritious food :

It is very important to consume healthy and nutritious food every day. To gain a sufficient amount of nutrients and and to be healthy it is very important to consume nutritious food. Consuming nutritious food helps us to gain sufficient energy. Being healthy prevents us from Many deadly diseases.

*Exercise :

Exercising at least for 10 to 15 minutes a day help the individual to be physically fit and also mentally strong. Exercising every day is a very good habit which everyone need to make it and perfect habit to do. Exercising 10 to 15 minutes also relieves us from the stress and the tension we have had. So, it is better to spend at least 10 to 15 minutes even in our hectic schedule an exercise.

* yoga :

Yoga relives from the stress and tension we have had. Sparing at least 10 to 15 minutes time on yoga benefit is a lot. It relaxes the muscle and comes to mind. It helps to be physically fit and mentally strong. All the asanas and pranayama helps to Gain strength and to be physically fit.

*Meditation :

Meditating for certain minutes helps to calm the brain and soul. It helps and relieving the stress and the tension we have had. It helps us to focus on the things which we are willing to do. It also equally helps us to be mentally strong. It is such a good and a mandatory practice an individual must obtain and must follow without any delays.

* Monitor your weight regularly.

* Be consistent.

Who obese people?

BMI is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in metres. A BMI of 25.0 – 29.9 is classified as overweight but not obese, while a BMI of 30.0 or over is classified as obese. A BMI of graeter than 35.0 is classified as severely obese.

Adult BMI calculator

BMI WEIGHT STATUS

Below 18.5 underweight

18.5 – 24.9 Normal

25.0- 29.9 overweight

30.0 and above obese

The negative effect of obesity :

Obesity is serious beacause it is associated with poorer mental health outcomes and reduced quality of life. Obesity is also associated with the leading causes of death in the united states and worldwide, including ,diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.

The Origin of Buddhism .

We are what we think. All that we are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world.
Peace comes from within. Do not seek it without.

Lord Buddha

Introduction.

He was a spiritual personality . An ancient teacher and enlightened many . A founder of world religion Buddhism . He was popularly known as Gautama Buddha (also known as Siddhattha Gotama or Siddhārtha Gautama or Buddha Shakyamuni ) .

The Enlightened One who rediscovered an ancient path to release clinging and craving and escape the cycle of birth and rebirth. He taught for around 45 years and built a large following, both monastic and lay. His teaching is based on his insight into the arising of duḥkha (the unsatisfactoriness of clinging to impermanent states and things) and the ending of duhkha—the state called Nibbāna or Nirvana (extinguishing of the three fires).

Buddhism

Buddhism, one of the major religions and philosophical systems of southern and eastern Asia and of the world. Buddha is one of the many epithets of a teacher who lived in northern India sometime between the 6th and the 4th century before the Common Era.

The title buddha was used by a number of religious groups in ancient India and had a range of meanings, but it came to be associated most strongly with the tradition of Buddhism and to mean an enlightened being, one who has awakened from the sleep of ignorance and achieved freedom from suffering.

According to the various traditions of Buddhism, there have been buddhas in the past and there will be buddhas in the future. Some forms of Buddhism hold that there is only one buddha for each historical age; others hold that all beings will eventually become buddhas because they possess the buddha nature (tathagatagarbha).

According to Buddhist doctrine, the universe is the product of karma, the law of the cause and effect of actions, according to which virtuous actions create pleasure in the future and nonvirtuous actions create pain.

Your work is to discover your world and then with all your heart give yourself to it.

Lord Buddha

History

Gautama Buddha ( born c. 6th–4th century BCE, Lumbini, near Kapilavastu, Shakya republic, Kosala kingdom [now in Nepal]—died, Kusinara, Malla republic, Magadha kingdom [now Kasia, India]).

Buddha is one of the many epithets of a teacher who lived in northern India sometime between the 6th and the 4th century before the Common Era.

Learnings from Gautama Buddha.

1. “Three things cannot be hidden: the sun, the moon and the truth.”

2. “You will not be punished for your anger; you will be punished by your anger.”

3. “You can search throughout the entire universe for someone who is more deserving of your love and affection than you are yourself, and that person is not to be found anywhere. You, yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe, deserve your love and affection.”

4. “We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves.”

5. “Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who said it, no matter if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your own common sense.”

Link

National Simplicity Day

12 July is the day to Honors transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau.Born on 12 July Thoreau was an advocate of living a simple life .He belives that “As you simplify your life,the law of the universe will be simpler.”He was an environmentalist , poet and transcendentalist .He was the man of simplicity who believes “less is more”.

National simplicity day was created to help people to enjoy their life.As simple the word sound ,as complex is when you practice it. livinga simple life,you will find the most beautiful thing in the world.

Education System Suffering during pandemic

Online education in this pandemic

The Covid created lockdown damaged very badly to education system. schools were closing down and online learning is not everywhere working.

There are some statics

  • Estimated 1.5 million schools across India closed down due to the pandemic A switch to large-scale digital education is not possible now.
  • according to a 2019 government survey.Only 24 per cent house-holds have access to the internet,
  • In rural India, the numbers are far lower, with only 4 per cent households having access The education ministry’s budget for digital e-learning was slashed to Rs 469 crore in 2020-21—the year Covid struck—from Rs 604 crore the previous year

According to world bank :

before the COVID-19 pandemic, world was living in a educational crisis . 258 million children and youth of primary and secondary school age were out of school. quality of education also was very low , meant many who were in school learned too little. The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to make education outcomes even worse. The pandemic has already had profound impacts on education by closing schools almost everywhere in the planet, in the largest simultaneous shock to all education systems in our lifetimes. The damage will become even more severe as the health emergency translates into a deep global recession.

Deepesh Bisht is a first-year student of BAMS in Doon Institute Of Medical Science . He is 18-year-old hasn’t set foot on campus even once since he took admission in 2020 sept . He has taken a virtual tour of the college and has been taking lessons through his laptop and mobile phone. Deepesh isn’t alone in this. That’s how the batch of 2020-the Covid-19 generation-has been experiencing institutional education in a world disrupted by an unprecedented pandemic. Because of this, 47 per cent students have decided against migrating to another city for higher education, revealed a study titled the ‘Big Qs Student Survey’. 50% respondents have also abandoned plans to pursue higher education abroad.

states like Delhi are still confined to homes, spending long hours online, leading to concerns over physical health and stress triggered due to the prolonged use of electronic devices.Even in the national capital, when government schools started online classes during the lockdown, the attendance hovered between “25 and 30 per cent”. students in Assam and several other states have gradually returned to schools and colleges . The education ecosystem of India, already weighed down by myriad issues such as school dropouts, learning deficiencies, teacher absenteeism, gender disparity and lack of infrastructure, now faces yet another big challenge-the widening digital divide.

Hence , this pandemic made our education system digital . This digital education is giving benefit to a part of society only . Poor students were fading away from education. This will create a huge disparity in our society.

GUI in .Net

What is .net and .net framework?

.NET is a software framework which is designed and developed by Microsoft.The first version of .Net framework was 1.0 which came in the year 2002.In easy words, it is a virtual machine for compiling and executing programs
written in different languages like C#, VB.Net etc.It is used to develop Form-based applications, Web-based applications, and Web services.There is a variety of programming languages available on the .Net platform,
VB.Net and C# being the most common ones.It is used to build applications for Windows, phone, web etc.It provides a lot of functionalities and also supports industry standards..NET Framework supports more than 60 programming languages in which 11 programming languages are designed and developed by Microsoft.The remaining Non-Microsoft Languages or Third Party Languages which are supported by .NET Framework but not designed and developed by Microsoft. Framework performs development, execution & deployment of an application. It support multiple languages, technologies & databases.

COMMON LANGUAGE RUNTIME – MICROSOFT LANGUAGES

  • C#.NET
  • VB.NET
  • C++.NET
  • J#.NET
  • F#.NET
  • JSCRIPT.NET
  • WINDOWS POWERSHELL
  • IRON RUBY
  • IRON PYTHON
  • C OMEGA
  • ASML(Abstract State Machine Language)

THIRD PARTY LANGUAGES – NON MICROSOFT LANGUAGES

  • APL
  • COBOL
  • Component Pascal
  • Hakell
  • Perl
  • Python
  • Smalltalk
  • Standard ML

TECHNOLOGY AND DATABASES SUPPORTED BY .NET FRAMEWORK

Technologies supported by .net framework

  • WinForms
  • Asp.net
  • ADO.net

Databases supported by .net framework

  • SQL sever
  • Oracle
  • Ms access

FEATURES OF .NET FRAMEWORK

  • Good design
  • Object Oriented Programming
  • Language independent
  • Platform independent
  • Flexible data access Dynamic web pages
  • Web services
  • Code security

An Overview to GUI

What is GUI?

GUI is a Graphical Interface that is a visual representation of communication presented to the user for easy interaction with the machine. GUI means Graphical User Interface. It is the common user Interface that includes Graphical representation like buttons and icons, and communication can be performed by interacting with these icons rather than the usual text-based or command-based communication.

Example of GUI

Need of GUI

The graphical user interface (GUI; sometimes pronounced “gooey”) is used by most commercially popular computer operating systems and software programs today. It’s the kind of interface that allows users to manipulate elements on the screen using a mouse, a stylus, or even a finger. This kind of interface allows word processing or web design programs, for example, to offer WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) options. Before GUI systems became popular, command line interface (CLI) systems were the norm. As you might imagine, GUI systems have made computers far more user-friendly than CLI systems.

How does it Works ?(InShort)

The graphical user interface is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

Advantages of GUI

  • User Friendly
  • Comprehensive
  • Attractiveness
  • Shortcut Keys
  • Multitasking

Disadvantages of GUI

  • Implementation not an easy process
  • Cost
  • GUI is slower
  • Time Consumption
  • Memory Usage

Applications of GUI

  • MP3 players
  • Portable media players
  • Gaming devices
  • Smartphones
  • Smaller household
  • Office and Industrial Controls

Madagascar Droughts: Climate Change

Madagascar is the fourth biggest island in the world, situated in the Indian Ocean. The island country is deemed as ‘Megadiverse’ by Conservation International with more than 250,000 species of plants and animals most of which do not exist anywhere else. Almost 90% of the species found on the island are endemic. The island of 28 million people is one of the poorest countries in the world and has been ravaged by many natural and human-induced hazards.

So we can confidently say that the country is extremely rich and unique biodiversity. On the eastern coast of Madagascar the Rainforests of Atsinanana comprising of six national parks with an endemic rate of species touching almost 80%. This area has also been added to the World Heritage List since 2007. The area is considered important to both ecological and biological processes and it also supports the rare species of Lemurs and many other primates.

Deforestation has been a major issue in Madagascar and this has also threatened the Lemurs and them and many endemic species of the island heavily rely on these forests. Madagascar witnessed rapid deforestation for long a time and this only accelerated by the end of the 19th century due to French Colonization. The forested areas were gradually converted into coffee fields and the country lost its original forest cover by almost 80%. As of today, the primary forest cover stands a little over 10 percent.

Deforestation has not only affected the ecology of the country but has also affected the soil quality and increased soil degradation. Subsistence agriculture is quite common among the inhabitants of the islands. Slash and burn is another method that has affected the forest cover of the island as these methods are not beneficial after a certain population cluster. Another big reason for the rapid deforestation is illegal logging and this benefits private entities and large corporations. The country has also seen a rapid growth in its population which currently is estimated at 26 million, up from 2.2 million in 1900. This has increased the requirement for more land for cultivation.

Currently, Madagascar is going through a very severe drought and deforestation can partly be a reason for this phenomenon. But there are other issues of cause too. Due to climate change, Madagascar has also suffered the consequence of the increased frequency of extreme weather events. It’s the worst drought in 40 years and has taken grip of the Southern part of the island. Due to low rainfall various streams, rivers and small dams built for irrigation dried up last year. The majority of the people in the south of the country rely on rain-fed, small-scale agriculture to survive.  With no rainfall and non-existent agriculture output, there has been an emergency in the country with severe food scarcity. Many people in the region have resorted to eating insects, wild roots.

According to experts’ deforestation, drier soils and higher temperatures due to climate change are the likely cause of droughts.

Climate experts

The island is already suffering from the covid-19 virus combined with the pressure of droughts and famines have caused strain to the poor country. Food and other aids are being provided to the affected areas of the country but supply is still not aligning with the current demand. A long-term solution will be required to tackle this situation as this problem is only going to get more serious in the future.

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