Category: Health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Is the ocean is safe nowadays?

As we all know that the whole earth is divided into two parts land and ocean, on earth around 70.9% of the water, and only 29.1% of the land. however, the ocean gives many things and it means a lot to us, it gives water, food, medicine, and the least goes on. the human also takes advantage of it.

However, nowadays the ocean is in danger because of the pollution and human traffic in the water, big industry and factories also omit their chemicals and wast, due to these the marine life are in danger and some spices are in endanger and many times the oil ship crash in the middle of the ocean and because of the oil spill, the fishes and other creatures do not breath properly and lost there life. many oil industry also plant their plants in the middle of the ocean and because of carelessness these happened,gettyimages-98736482

However, the prestige oil spill happened near the coastline of Galicia, Spain. this was caused by the sinking of the 26-year-old ship in November 2002, which was carried around 70,000 tons of heavy fuel and this accident happened because of heavy Strome. Due to this accident,

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The area was totally covered with dead oil-coated coral reefs and many species of sharks and birds, and the fishing industry. but the government also took action to save the ocean and many organization also support and pay the fund to the government, within a two week the ocean was clean and look great as it was.

furthermore, we celebrate world oceans day every year on 8 June, what do you know about this day?

this concept of the day firstly proposed by Canada’s international center for oven development and the ocean institute of Canada in 1992 at the earth summit, and this conformance regarding environment and development held in Rio De Janeiro in Brazil. the day marked in a variety of ways, including launching new campaigns and initiatives, special events at aquariums, and 2005. On that day, people celebrate by cleaning water, beaches, and feeding food to the ocean animals, hence famous influencers and celebrities give a speech on social media and share short movies regarding ocean life on the silver screen, because of this people nowadays, are more aware compared to the past.

in years between 2002 to 2008 dozens of things happened like the first-ever website launched   “www.worldoceanday.org”, to promote and give guidance to the people, who wont to do something to make ocean pollution-free and they also share the timeline and events happened around the world, and in 2004 the ocean project launched by the united nation to officially recognization  8 June as world ocean day, in 2008 united nation also made lows to reduce the pollution in the ocean.

we should take steps against those people who pollute the mother nature and we stop them or complain in government departments regarding their work and actions, and the government also take down those industries which spread chemicals in the water.

“There’s nothing more beautiful than the way the ocean refuses to stop kissing the shoreline, no matter how many times it’s sent away.”

 

 

 

HOW TO CHOOSE MOST APPROPRIATE ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY?

Choosing an antibacterial drug therapy can depend on various factors which are mentioned below:

BACTERIOSTATIC V/S BACTERICIDAL
Antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents can be categorized as bacteriostatic and bactericidal on the basis of their interaction with the targeted bacterial pathogens.
Bacteriostatic drugs work by inhibiting the growth of specific bacteria. Static drugs work by reversibly inhibiting the growth i.e. if the agent (drug) is removed or if its effect if over, the microorganism will get recovered and will grow again causing the same infection again.
Bactericidal drugs work by directly killing the target bacteria from the location. Cidal drugs may act as static drugs at low concenteration.

Use of any drug also depends on the immune system of the host because static drug does not completely eliminate the target bacteria. For patients with strong immune system, either static or cidal drugs can be used for curing infection while in case of immunocompromised individual, only cidal drugs are essentially required for complete removal of the bacterial infections.

SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY
On the basis of their range or spectrum of activity, the chemotherapeutic agents can be broadly categorized into 5 different categories:

  1. Narrow spectrum antibiotics are only active against less no. of microorganisms. They target only a specific strains of bacterial pathogens, especially gram positive bacteria.
  2. Moderate spectrum antibiotics target most of the gram positive bacterial pathogens as well as most systemic, enteric and urinary tract gram negative bacterial pathogens.
  3. Narrow and moderate spectrum antibiotics are known to cover all the β-lactam antibiotics which can effectively work against gram positive and negative bacteria. Some members of this classification are only effective against gram negative while others can also kill gram positive bacteria.
  4. Broad spectrum antibiotics, as the name suggests targets a broad range of bacterial pathogens which includes almost all the prokaryotic organisms except mycobacteria and pseudomonas. They are also effective against polymicrobic infections (mixed infections caused by multiple bacterial species). It is used when other spectrum antibiotics fail to treat infections due to drug resistance. There is a risk of superinfection while using broad spectrum antibiotics.
  5. Anti-mycobacterial antibiotics are only effective against mycobacterial strains of pathogenic bacteria.

DOSAGE AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
• Dosage –
The minimum or maximum amount of drug that a patient is given is the dosage of the drug. The dosage of the particular drug needs to be determined carefully to ensure that the optimum level of that particular drug is achieved at the site of infection for the elimination of the infection without causing any toxic side effects. Therefore, the selection and standardization of dosage of a particular drug is done so that it has the minimum side effect.
• Route of administration –
It can be defined as the method by which a drug is introduced in the patient’s body. There are different ways of administration of a drug. The most preferred drugs are the one that can be administered orally because it is easier for the patients to take them even at their home without visiting the health care professionals again and again. However, it is observed that not all drugs can be absorbed from the gastro intestinal tract. E.g. Bacitracin, Polymyxin and many antifungals. These drugs may be available to the patients in the form of topical preparations so that they can be applied for the treatment of superficial skin infections.
The another condition arises when a patient is unable to take oral drug initially due to some illness like vomiting. In that condition, the drug is preferably administered through parenteral route i.e. intramuscular or intravenous injections. In general, for most of the drugs, the drug levels in plasma introduced via intravenous is higher than that of oral or intramuscular route.

POTENTIAL FOR SIDE EFFECTS
The adverse effects which are seen in the patient’s body after administration of any drug can be classified into 3 main types:

  1. PHARMACOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS
    These are the toxic side effects which the drug shows by damaging the infected or even healthy cells by the production of some toxic chemicals on cell surface or their interior.
  2. ALLERGIC SIDE EFFECTS
    Some drugs show the allergic reactions in the patient’s body which is due to the antigen-antibody reaction which in turn effects other cells and show some allergy.
  3. BIOLOGICAL TYPE SIDE EFFECTS
    This type of side effect is worst and it involves interference of the drug with the normal microflora of the body which is followed by either local chemical damage or superinfection.

POTENTIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN DRUGS
Most of the time, antibiotics are administered in the patient’s body as a single agent but many time it becomes necessary to take two or more drugs at a time. So, different drugs administered at a single time show some interaction among them.
The interaction may be positive or negative.
Sometimes, a synergistic or positive interaction is shown by two antibiotics when they are administered together. Some drugs show bactiostatic effect when used as a single agent but are able to show bactericidal effect when combined with other antibiotic.
On the other hand, some drugs when used together show negative effect or antagonistic effect. Antagonism can occur between two antimicrobial or between one antimicrobial and one non-antimicrobial. The antagonistic interactions thus cause toxic side effects, loss of drug activity, decreased effect of drug at the site of infection. For e.g. Penicillin and bacteriostatic drugs are antagonists of each other.

History behind World brain Tumor day:June 8

June 8 2020 is also observed as World Brain Tumor Day apart from World Ocean Day which was intiated by a non profit organization in Germany called Deutsche Hirntumorhilfe in German.

They are providing facilities for scientists and health professionals to develop efficient treatment of Brain tumor. They also provide support to the Brain tumor patients and their families.

Apart from the tribute given, This day is also observed as international day to provide awareness about the disorder and spread information on it.

A Tumor is basically the abnormal growth of cells. This can be broadly decided into two Benign (non-cancerous) and Malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumor can be again divided into primary originating from Brain Or spine where as secondary are those cancer that spread from elsewhere in the body to the Brain. This secondary is more common than primary.

Causes and major risk factors:

The exact cause of brain cancer is unknown. However, factors that can increase your risk of brain cancer include exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation and a family history of brain cancer.

Cancer in other part of the body is also a risk factor. Major cancers that spread to Brain are:

  • Lung cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Kidney cancer
  • Bladder cancer
  • Melanoma

Other factors are:

  • increased age
  • long-term smoking
  • exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizer
  • working with elements that can cause cancer, such as lead, plastic, rubber, petroleum, and some textiles
  • having an Epstein-Barr virus infection, or mononucleosis

Symptoms

Symptoms that arises due to increased pressure inside the skull. They are:

Severe head ache associated with nausea and vomiting, blurring or dimmed vision, excessive sleepiness, loss of memory, seizures.

Symptoms that are arise due to location of tumor. They are:

Weakiness of one side of body, hearing loss, visual blindness, facial deviation, slurring of speech.

Diagnosis method

CT scan or MRI scanning of the brain. Further diagnosis can be done by PET scan or angiography.

Treatment

Surgery is the main treatment. Modern micro surgical methods and aids such as neuro navigation and intra op imaging have made surgery safe and effective.

Other modalities such as Gamma knife/stereotaxis radiosurgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used alone or in combination

Prognosis

Brain tumor is considered as incurable disease but if given proper treatment it gives good outcome and patients are able to go to their normal lives.

Conclusion

Brain tumor can give good outcome when diagnosed and treated early. It may lead to severe mental, physical and financial burden to the patient and family. One should consult the best doctor and get adequate treatment. More public awareness need to be given to reduce panic.

Unending Deadlines

Visceral Leishmaniasis also called Kala Azar in the Indian Subcontinent is yet to be eradicated, Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by deadly protozoan parasite genus Leishmania. This deadly disease is characterized by anemia, weight loss, splenomegaly, irregular bouts of fever, hepatomegaly. This deadly disease is epidemic in more than 80 countries however the majority of the cases are reported from six countries that include: India, Brazil, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Somalia and, Sudan. All over the World, the estimated number of cases is around 2,00,000- 4,00,000 and around 40,000 deaths occur all over the globe. In India, Visceral Leishmaniasis is a pure anthroponotic and parasite that are spread to humans by the bite of an infected female sand fly species Phlebotomus argentipes. India alone accounts for 2/3rd of the global gases of which the state of Bihar alone has 50% of the cases and 61.1% of the Cases in India are from Bihar. Kala Azar is a public health problem in Bihar and in 2015 Government of India entrusted ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, to implement an integrated control strategy for achieving the Visceral Leishmaniasis elimination target.

India and Kala-Azar

The Indian Government initiated the Visceral Leishmaniasis program in 1990-1991. In 2005 under WHO and including other countries of Nepal and Bangladesh developed a strategic framework in eliminating Visceral Leishmaniasis as a Public Health problem by 2015, but was later postponed to 2017 and again in 2020 and it is expected that this will be postponed again and in 2002 the Government launched the National Health Policy to eliminate Visceral Leishmaniasis in the region by 2010. India’s Kala-azar surveillance system is shaky and is not proper in detecting the hotspot areas and in providing the health workers with accurate information about the disease. There are some areas where the reach of health workers is negligible and the government needs to take the required steps to eradicate this problem.

The Government needs to :

A. Detect the disease early and provide early treatment for Kala-azar.

B. The government should have effective Survillenance of the diseases.

In India, the spraying of or Indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was mandated and is being used regularly since 1976. Mostly Kala-azar is confined mostly confined to this states Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.

Therefore, are possible chances of controlling the Kala-azar and even have a chance to eliminate it from our country. The scientific feasibility of the elimination strategy is formulated based on the epidemiological vulnerability and how the effectiveness and feasibility of intervention are done and how the numbers are being reduced. However, after several efforts taken from different government and non-governmental organizations, Visceral leishmaniasis is still endemic in the 458 poorest blocks of Bihar. A few Visceral leishmaniasis infected blocks have persistently remained highly endemic for several years and there are no signs of improvement in certain areas regardless of the work done. The Visceral leishmaniasis -vector control program in Bihar has suffered from several problems such as the improper implementation of control strategies, weak monitoring and supervision systems, lack of technological involvement, lack of awareness activities about the program, delay in the diagnosis and treatment of infected patients, and the injudicious application of IRS. Therefore, the implementation of all control strategies in an effective way is a very big and huge task to achieve the Visceral leishmaniasis elimination target in Bihar and India overall.

ACCORDING TO WHO:

Visceral leishmaniasis is the main form of the disease in this Region, also endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The region is the only one with an initiative to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis as a public health problem by 2020. In 2018, the Region observed fewer than 5,000 cases – its the lowest number on record.. The Region is poised to achieve this target, with countries aiming to have WHO validate elimination by 2023.

Stop Spending So Much Time In Your Head

I know something about you without knowing you. I bet you spend A LOT of time in your head.

You know, thinking, worrying, stressing, freaking out — call it whatever you want. I call it a preoccupied mind. And with what?

99% of your thoughts are useless. William James put it best:

“A great many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices.”

All my life I’ve been obsessed with practical things. Practical philosophy, practical knowledge, practical books, practical work, and practical advice.

That idea comes from Pragmatism, a philosophical tradition that started in the 19th century in America. Charles Sanders Peirce, who was a Harvard professor, is considered as the “father of Pragmatism.”

But it was William James, a trained physician turned philosopher, who really defined the philosophy.

About thoughts, worry, and stress, William James says:

“The greatest weapon against stress is our ability to choose one thought over another.”

Pragmatism believes that a mind is a tool. Your mind should work for you, not against you. People who don’t master their mind, don’t believe it’s possible.

Well, you can with enough practice. It’s a skill.

In other words: You have the ability to decide what you think. Or, you can choose NOT to think.

And that is one of the most important and most practical things you can learn in life. Before I learned that skill, I would spend hours and hours inside my head.

Just think about how much you think.

  • “I wonder what my boss thinks?”
  • “What happens if I screw up and lose my job?”
  • “Does she love me?”
  • “I think he doesn’t care about me.”
  • “I just keep failing.”

And the list goes on. That is all REAL shit. That’s stuff people tell me when I ask them what they worry about.

Do you know what those thoughts do to you? Guilt, anger, suffering

Thoughts have no use. 99% of them that is.Which thoughts are useful?

  1. Thinking about how you can solve problems. A problem is just an unanswered question. Put your brain to use and think about how you can solve problems. There are a lot of those on this earth.
  2. Understanding knowledge. That means this: Try to internalize knowledge and think about how you can use that knowledge to improve your life, career, work, relationships, etc.

That’s it. You can ignore every other thought.

If you’re constantly thinking, it’s because you haven’t’ trained your mind yet. You HAVE to get out of your head.

If not, you go mental. Everyone will. No exception.

Also, you’re probably thinking so much that you’re missing out on life. Did you notice the sunshine this morning when you woke up? Or the raindrops? Did you notice the smell of your coffee? Did you feel the texture of your cereals?

If your answer is no, you definitely need to get out of your head. Stop thinking and start feeling.

Now, you might think: “How do I train myself to stop thinking useless thoughts?”

Awareness.

That’s where it starts. Every time you start drifting off, become aware of it. Just observe your brain. Step outside yourself and just observe the crazy shit you’re thinking about.

Don’t judge. Don’t think you’re stupid. If you do that, you’re thinking again.

No, what you want to do is say this to yourself: “Ah that’s a great thought. Now, let’s get back to reality.”

Are you back to reality? Do you feel your eyes reading the letters on your screen? Do you feel your phone in your hand? Are you thinking about how you’re going to apply this information to your life?

Great. You’re USING your mind, and it’s not the other way around. Now, keep using that brain of yours.

Because I’ll tell you this: It’s the most powerful tool on earth

Benefits of waking up early

“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”, a very famous quote by Benjamin Franklin which I am sure we all have heard of but most of the people do not apply this in real life. Amid lockdown and with comparatively less work to do, our bodies do not feel tired enough to sleep early. But once you start waking up early and following an organised sleep schedule, your body will feel good, your mood will be better and people around you will be able to sense it.

After talking to a few teenagers, it was seen that almost everyone’s sleep schedule has been poor. Usually people are awake until 5 am and it is their normal routine pattern these days. 

The main reason for sleeping late is the inactivity in the body. As everyone has been home, we do not do much physical activity and our bodies do not feel tired enough to doze off early at night. Another reason is the constant use of the phone all night where time passes so quickly. Before they notice or feel sleepy, it is 5 am. 

 

Here are a few health benefits of going to sleep on time and waking up early-

  1. Body feels fresh and energetic: Once you start waking up early you will have an immense sense of pleasure. It makes the body feel fresh and energetic and you will not feel lazy instead you will be full of energy. You will also feel happier and healthier as your body is more alert in the morning. 
  2. More organised schedule: Waking up early will make your schedule more organised and you will have a positive outlook towards your day and everyone around you. It is healthy to have an organised schedule as you will have more time in the day and you can be more productive. 
  3. Healthy eating: When you wake up early, you will have time for breakfast. Breakfast is one of the most important meals of the day that no one should miss. Once you have your breakfast on time, you will automatically have rest of your meals on time too. Eating healthy and eating on time is essential for a good and healthy body. 
  4. Morning is comparatively more peaceful, bright and positive: Many people prefer fewer distractions while working, waking up early and doing your work is a good way as mornings are peaceful, calm and distraction free. 
  5. More productivity: When you wake up early, your day feels big, meaning more time to do things. You can also take out time for things you thought you did not have time for. You can work on yourself by doing some exercise, as you have time extra now. Exercising also makes your body healthy and keeps you fit. 
  6. Mind feels healthy: It is important for our body as well as our mind to sleep and wake up on time. Once you try waking up on time. You will notice your mind feels healthy and you will automatically refrain yourself from negativity. 

World’s food safety day

It is necessary to assure that food remains safe at every stage from production to harvest, processing, storage, distribution, preparation, and consumption. That’s why World Food Safety Day is celebrated on 7 June to highlight the health consequences of contaminated food and water. The World food safety day was observed by the United Nations from 2019. This year’s world is celebrating second world food safety day. Unsafe food is a threat to human health and economies, and marginalized people, especially women and children.

World Food Safety Day Theme: Food-Safety Everyone’s Business

This year’s theme for world food safety day is food safety everyone’s business. This campaign will promote global food safety awareness and will call upon countries, the private sector, civil society, UN organizations, and the general public to take action. The theme Food-safety everyone’s business depicts that whether we grow, transport, process, distribute, store, sell, prepare, or consume food, everyone has a role to play in making consumed food safe and uncontaminated for people. Through World Food Safety Day, the World Health Organization pursues its efforts to mainstream food safety in the public agenda and reduce the burden of foodborne diseases globally.

Food Safety Tips

* It is important to keep foods safe to maintain healthy eating. We all can reduce contaminants in food and keep food safe by following food safety tips:

* Wash your hands properly with soap and water before going to the kitchen.

* Before eating, cooking, and cutting fruits and vegetables rinse them properly under running water.

* Clean inside and outside of appliances and buttons and handles of appliances.

* Daily sanitize kitchen surfaces with hot and soapy water or use disinfectant.

* While doing food shopping keep raw seafood, poultry, and meat in a separate bag and fresh fruits and vegetables ina separate bag.

* Clean your refrigerator once a week, discard cooked leftovers in 4 days and raw poultry and ground meats in 1 to 2 days.

Inner Voice- our constant companion

From an early age, we learn to talk to ourselves. That voice in our head which constantly answers, stops us from committing a mistake , encouraging and motivating us to keep moving forward, grabbing an opportunity. Each one of us is blessed with a best friend with whom we can share our thoughts and secrets , hangout with them and make the best of the memories. But what about our partner, our constant companion? Our Inner Voice or we can also call it as our gut feeling, intuition, inner conscious and the latest trendy name which I came across an ‘expert advice’. There is this trending caption going on these days on social media, “Yes I like to talk to myself sometimes , because it is important to take an expert advice”. So that is what I call my inner voice – my expert advise on which I can rely on most of the times.

What is Inner Concious?

One way to begin is by talking about self-consciousness which is equivalent to self-awareness. It refers to the awareness of unique thoughts, memories, feelings etc. It is your voice which always speaks the truth (more than your parents). For example, when we are about to commit a mistake our inner voice stops us from doing so, though we get angry or sad but our concious always give us a sign from doing anything wrong and trust me it never lies, you just need to trust yourself for that.

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How should we listen to our inner voice and why do we ignore it?

Have you ever noticed that your Inner voice never speaks nice&comfortable things and it is never a desperate voice or angry, it is always calm, clear and precise which works as a saviour. Now there are sometimes when we don’t listen to our Inner voice and ignore it, so here are some ways to listen and focus on your intuition’s voice:

  1. Delete the extra apps and create space in your mind

Surfing on the internet, clicking and posting pictures, updating stories on Instagram, chatting with your friends, reading disturbing news articles or checking your mails never gives you the time to actually think about yourself. These social media things has taken up too much of space in our lives that we are not alone even being alone itself because we keep on checking our phones constantly. You need to undo this part from your everyday life and create a space for yourself so that your mind remains calm and works efficiently.

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2. Always pay attention to your emotions

Whenever you feel sad accept that you are sad, do not pretend to be happy every time and you should also cry sometimes so that you can understand of what is going on in your life. But nowadays I am noticing that people are becoming emotionless, they really don’t focus on their mental health and they have become like a solid stone, always showing up as a strong person. But what about your feelings that are building up like a skyscraper inside your mind. You cannot flush them out at ones, it will turn into a disaster. So concentrate on your mental health , focus on what is happening and what can be done with it.

3. Don’t let your mind take over your heart

It’s good to be practical but not every time , sometimes we need to take decisions from our heart. If our conscious says that the other person is good, you should take a step forward and talk to that person if your heart says that he/she is the right person. Don’t start judging them before getting acquainted, do not take a decision from your mind.

4. Breath, Walk and meditate

It will just take 15 minutes to turn on a soft song, put on earplugs and meditate. This should be our everyday activity, since we all are at home we can do this more often. This will bring a positive energy in our lives and will help you to be calm and relaxed no matter in what situation we are, unless it is very important. Breathing will help us to be active and will always bring a smile on our face. You can also take this as a mantra which only requires 15 minutes and it is not difficult to give this much time to yourselves.

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5. Listen to yourself and do not focus on what the others say

What a strange thing it is that we humans tend to listen what others are speaking and never focus of what we want. We always try to live according to the society and forget about ourselves, that is where we should stop and listen to ourself which will help us to become confident and courageous.

But we human beings are always busy in making money, ignoring everything of what are heart speaks.So from now we should begin to listen to our Inner voice because that is our innerself, the inner us, who knows us better than anyone else and not just hear them , ask for an expert advice. Obey it and become aware of it which will help you to become a better person.

“Don’t let the noise of other’s opinions drown out your own inner voice”- Steve Jobs.

REOPENING OF SCHOOLS

The pandemic of Coronavirus that has engulfed the globe has also motivated us to find solutions for living life with Coronavirus. Our life will not be the same as it was till Coronavirus is around and the medical fraternity comes up with certain medicine that would increase the chances of survival of the people. A nationwide debate has begun about the reopening of schools and educational institutions.

The lock down that commenced from March did not affect the academics as the majority of learning was already completed and only assessment was to be completed. Students could stay at home safely during the spread of the Coronavirus due to the timely closure of the educational institutes by the government.

The time has come when the new academic year is about to commence. The government and the educational stakeholders are in a fix over the methodology or concrete path to be followed for the reopening of the schools. What should be the guidelines to obviate the fear of all the stakeholders about economical aspects and above all safety of students.

The medical perspective has put forth two issues one is safety and protection of the students, teachers, and families, and the other is the prevention of the spread of disease through schools as a hub for the same. Students have a habit of socializing and they are at greater risk than those who will follow the medical guidelines in letter and spirit. It is a difficult task to ensure all the youngsters at schools and colleges following the guidelines on keeping themselves safe. India is a densely populated country and the cases of Corona infection are on rising day by day. Hence, a judicious and careful approach for the reopening of the schools is considered by the government by finding a novel approach to handle the situation.

Factually the corona infected cases are increasing in India and experts have been forecasting that the country may reach a peak in July. Keeping in view the aspect of the increase in the number of corona viruses infected patients by July would pose a different challenge to the government if it opens the schools. Parents association and some activists have already filed cases in the court of law for seeking a delay in the opening of schools.

Though in urban areas online classes are about to become a routine concept. The condition of rural areas in terms of online connectivity is a matter of concern, putting the rural students at a disadvantage. A thought over long term impact on students residing in remote areas and with no resources be also given.

The students can be called to school physically in the second half of the academic year, in the first half certain measures that would reduce the burden on students and the teachers can be initiated. Reduction in the syllabus is one such aspect. The planned conduct of online classes can help all to achieve concrete success in the first half.

The development of a vaccine is in progress and let us hope that we get the same soon. This is the time when we can redefine the education system and help the Education sector find a new beginning. We need to provide the best education to the students.

World food safety day.

we all know that food is important to live life, and it is also a basic need of the human cycle. from the last two years from around the world, people celebrate the world food safety day on 7th Jun, this day was declared by The United Nation Organisation’s Food and Agriculture Association introduce it on 16th October in 1945. the moto to create world food safety day is to create awareness about the existing problems of obesity and malnutrition due to hunger. at an early age, in these only 150 members they have to organized activities and events in an effort to end hunger and promote a healthy lifestyle. When they get the proper results in their organization, they get help from businesses, governments, the media, NGOs and the general public to help those who cannot afford even one meal a day.

In recent 10 to 20  years, all around the globe government established food safety organizations to spread the awareness regarding the crisis of food and hunger, in India Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, is the regulating body related to food safety and laying down of standards of food in India. this organization collects food from parties and wadding to provide slum people, who can not afford the food for a single time.

However, they not only provide food to poor people but also provide information regarding how to manufacture any product in factories, how Genetically modified foods works, Food additives, and many other services regarding food.

Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing includes many forms of processing foods, from grinding grain to make raw flour to home cooking to complex industrial methods used to make convenience foods. Primary food processing is necessary to make most foods edible, and secondary food processing turns the ingredients into familiar foods, such as bread. on many T.V. channels also telecasted many shows which are authorized by well-known food manufactories for farmers to grow healthy and good crops. from many times food processing has been criticized for promoting overnutrition and obesity, containing too much sugar and salt, too little fiber, and otherwise being unhealthful in the dietary needs of humans and farm animals. With the help of a food safety organization, the ration is going down slowly.

nowadays genetically modified food is also famous all around the world many countries scientist do research on how to grow genetically modified food and china get success in it and they made first-ever modified corn Indian-Cornand they also do research on food which provide high vitamins and other essential things for the body.

they also run classes where they teach us how to read the label, Know your produce, Know your seller/market, Clean your food, Store right, Cook properly, and Eat raw but eat right.

The United Nation Organisation also run a campaign regarding the obesity, which we can see in present world in small and adult children, more than 603 million adults and 107 million children out of a global population of around 7.5 billion are obese. spreading the right information regarding it is very important and help full for the future a single child, otherwise, a child has to face problem regarding asthma, heart disease.

So, we have to support this organization and do not disobey the instructions which are provided.

thank you to read this post.

ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY-INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

Antibacterial Chemotherapy refers to the use of any chemical or drug for the treatment of bacterial diseases. It is the part of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy can be divided into several branches on the basis of type of pathogen, for e.g.
For bacterial pathogen – Antibacterial Chemotherapy
For viral pathogen – Antiviral Chemotherapy
For fungal pathogen – Antifungal Chemotherapy, etc

ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY –
Chemotherapy may either mean involvement of any drug that fight against any cancerous cell or it may involve the use of any antimicrobial drug to cure diseases caused by infectious microorganisms or pathogens.
Antimicrobial drugs work by different mechanisms for different type of organisms. The overall mechanism by which any antimicrobial drug functions is by interfering with the structure and/or function of microorganisms. They either directly kill microbial cell or function by inhibiting their growth.

DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
The development of chemotherapy has been known to begin with the successful research of a German physician, Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915).
Ehrlich was always fascinated to learn more about the dyes that bind to and stain the microbial cells. He was sure and stated that one of the dyes could be used as a chemical that would selectively destroy or kill the infectious pathogen inside the human body without making any harm to human cell and he named it “Magic Bullet”. Working more on this, he was able to find that the dye, trypsan red was active against the trypanosome that causes African Sleeping Sickness. Later, Ehrlich with his assistant Sahachiro Hata tested a variety of arsenic-based chemicals on Syphilis-infected rabbits and was successful in finding that Arsphenamine (an arsenic based chemical compound) was active against the Syphilis spirochete which was then made available in the market.
The other German scientist, Domagk in 1927 found the another Magic Bullet to treat diseases. He observed the antimicrobial activity of a synthetic dye, Prontosil Red which was able to cure Streptococcal and Staphylococcal infections with very limited toxicity. Sulfanilamide (one of the active breakdown products of prontosil in body) was the first synthetic antimicrobial drug.

A Synthetic Antimicrobial is a drug that is developed from any type of a chemical compound that is not found in nature.

Penicillin was the first naturally synthesized antibiotic which was initially discovered by a 21 years old French medical student. No one remembered his work until Alexander Fleming in September 1928 accidently rediscovered the antibiotic. The petri plate of Staphylococcus which was inoculated by Fleming was found to develop certain molds which made the clear zone of inhibition of staph-bacterial species around them. It was meant that the mold infected the petri plates even before the bacteria were inoculated. Fleming suggested that the mold (probably the strain of Penicillium notatum) produced a substance which inhibited the bacterial growth surrounding it and hence had an antibacterial property.
Further experiment results concluded that Penicillin was active against streptococci, meningococci and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is the causative agent of diphtheria.
The isolation, mass production and purification of penicillin were accomplished by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain for which they got the nobel prize. They found that the penicillin once pured was effectively able to show antimicrobial properties against streptococcal infection in mice.
Later, Dorothy Hodgkin observed and analyzed the structure of various naturally synthesized products using X-rays. Because of her observation on the chemical structure of naturally synthesized penicillin, it was easier for many scientists to produce a variety of semi synthetic penicillin.

A semisynthetic antimicrobial is defined as the chemically modified product of a natural antibiotic.

After the discovery of penicillin, other scientists got the determination for the discovery of more antibiotics by natural or chemical synthesis.
Selman Waksman developed a new antibiotic, Streptomycin which was produced by the actinomycete, Streptomyces griseus. This antibiotic was discovered by the soil microorganisms, particularly bacteria and fungi. It was the first discovery of antibiotic- producing soil microorganism. It was found that streptomycin was successful in treating tuberculosis.
Other microorganisms producing chloramphenicol, neomycin, terramycin and tetracycline were also isolated later.

Human – The Monsters

After the recent incident, where a pregnant elephant died in Kerala after a fruit filled with firecrackers burst in her mouth, triggered nation-wide outrage, a video of a pregnant cow injured in a similar fashion has been circulating on social media. In the video being shared online, one Gurdiyal Singh, a resident of Himachal Pradesh, who claims to be the owner of the injured pregnant cow, describes how the cow’s mouth had been injured after one Nandlal fed her explosives.

Owner of the preganant cow blames neighbour for the brutal act

Meanwhile, Gurdiyal Singh confirmed that Nandlal, the alleged accused, works as a mechanic in Singh’s neighbourhood. Singh said that Nandlal has no remorse for his action. Nandlal has said that he is not scared of the repercussions and that he will continue to do whatever he deems fit. “Even the village sarpanch cannot harm me”, challenged Nandlal when confronted by Singh.

The video of this brutal act was circulated soon after social media was aflutter with outrage and anger over the demise of an elephant in Kerala. Amid outrage, the district police on Thursday (June 4) constituted a special investigation team under a DSP-rank officer to probe the matter.

One suspect arrested in Kerala elephant killing case

The forest department in Kerala has arrested one suspect in the case of death of a pregnant wild elephant in Kerala. The person is being interrogated in the matter. The elephant had died after she was fed a pineapple filled with firecrackers by some villagers.

The autopsy report of the dead elephant has revealed that the crackers stuffed in the pineapple which was fed to the elephant burst in her mouth leading to severe injuries. The elephant was not able to eat anything due to the deep wounds, due to which she fell and drowned due to weakness. The elephant’s preliminary post-mortem examination was conducted at the Mannarkkad Forest Division. It revealed that the animal died as a result of drowning, followed by inhalation of water which led to lung failure. This has been identified as the immediate cause of the death of the elephant.

The investigation in the case has been moving on a faster pace and the forest department has started interrogating the suspect in custody. As per reports, three people are under suspicion of feeding the pineapple full of crackers.

Pregnant elephant dies in Kerala after cracker-filled pineapple burst in its mouth

Recently, in an act of utmost cruelty, a pregnant elephant had died after some locals fed her cracker-filled pineapple which later exploded in her mouth. The incident took place in Malappuram district of Kerala when the elephant had wandered into a village in search of food. It is being believed that some villagers stuffed pineapples filled with firecrackers on her tusks while she was walking on the streets.

From anybody who throws stones at stray dogs to anybody hurting a living soul,choose one face. A lot of these animals trust  humans because the have been helped by them in past. This is cruel beyond measure. When you lack empathy and kindness,you don’t deserve to be called a buman. To hurt someone is not human . Just stricter laws won’t help. We need a descent execution of law too.
Until the guilty are punished in the worst possible way, these wicked monsters will never fear law. Though it’s difficult, i hope they are able to find out the  one who committed this crime and  punish them  accordingly.

Food hygiene and Food safety- Not an abate issue

undefined The main motive of food safety is to keep up the necessary produced food from production to consumption without contamination. Not only safety but adequate amounts of nutrients that are essential for a healthy survival should be stocked. Apart from food, the most common source of spreading diseases is sipping polluted water. According to WHO, at least 2 billion people use a drinking water source contaminated with scat.
Why food safety?
Contaminated food can transmit pathogens which can result in being diseased, unhealthy, and can even cause death. Compared with lesser developed countries, developed countries follow strict standards for food preparation whereas the countries yet to be developed don’t follow such norms and standards for food practices.

How the advancement of biotech in agricultural production affects food?

  • By altering the genes that control nutritious constituents of food yields.
  • Extending production with the help of pesticides.
  • By modifying the genes that affect the levels of naturally occurring toxins in food crops.
    Some stats-
  • 1). As stated by the Kellogg Company in 1981, “Through the advances
    afforded by genetic engineering, grains will become more widely accepted
    because of improvements in taste, texture, form, and total nutritional
    profile”
  • 2)The Rockefeller Foundation, in its continuing commitment to the genetics
    of rice improvement, has made major research grants to develop through
    genetic engineering a variety of yellow rice that would produce carotene
    in the grain to help fight vitamin A deficiency in developing countries
    where diets consist primarily of rice (Rockefeller Foundation, 1985).
  • 3)Phytogen, a biotechnology subsidiary of J.G. Boswell Co., one of the
    nation’s largest farms, is attempting to “increase the nutritional quality of
    the protein” in the Russet Burbank potato with recombinant DNA
    techniques (Anderson, 1984, p. 6).
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235027/

The five key principles of food hygiene, according to WHO, are:
● Prevent contaminating food with pathogens spreading from people, pets, and pests.
● Separate raw and cooked foods to prevent contaminating the cooked foods.
● Cook foods for the appropriate length of time and at the appropriate temperature to kill pathogens.
● Store food at the proper temperature.
● Use safe water and safe raw materials.

Food contamination can happen at any stage, from production to consumption. The contamination can be physical (foreign objects like hairs and residuals of plants), biological (bacteria, virus, microorganisms), chemical (pesticides, additives). According to FSA, the 4 C’s that are cross-contamination, cleaning, chilling and cooking are food safety regulations that have to be taken seriously. Inappropriate practice, improper heating such as undercooking, cooking, again and again, poor hygiene, and the re-use of leftovers, are responsible for causing 14% of these diseases. These small things have to be considered seriously as they can cause severe illness.
What are foodborne diseases?
Commonly known as food poisoning, these are caused by the consumption of inappropriate or contaminated food and water. The microbes that cause foodborne diseases generally enter through the GIT and cause diarrhea, vomiting, etc. According to 2011 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it was estimated that in the United States, one out of every six persons was infected with foodborne illness (48 million people) and that foodborne illnesses resulted in 128,000 hospital cases and 3000 deaths.

FOOD SAFETY FIRST FOR HEALTHY CITIZENS!

Corona Vaccine Update!!!

The situation in the world are very worse and so our hope for vaccine also. Scienticts are trying hard and hard to discover the vaccine. Scientist and pharma industry from all over the world are in danger in terms of health and wealth.

Here are some updates related to corona virus vaccine;

Moderna Therapeutics‘ invented mRNA-1273 vaccine prototypes which is heading towards success with high speed. The vaccine, is currently in its second phase of testing is more likely to be tested ahead on its third phase of clinical testing, Moderna therapeutics plans to involve about 30,000 participants between the ages of 18-55 and those who are at high risk of corona virus. If the trials are successful than it would be much relief for the people all around the world, by the time, Moderna promised to manufacture 100 million doses of the vaccine. The third phase of the testing is most likely to start in July.

Oxford University & AstraZeneca of Brazil which is worst affected country due to COVID-19 are jointly working to develop the corona virus vaccine. Once they tried to develop the vaccine but it failed in testing, now after much of research and time they again got hope and now they are soon ready to begin the trails on humans. To speed up the development of vaccine and minimizing the clinical trial time they are conducting both phase I and phase II trials at the same time.

Serum Institute of India (SII) India is also leading in development of  vaccine it has already tested for 18-55 age but side effects were observed and is again under development and testing. If India is able to development the vaccine first than India will become super nation as India will show to world that still India can do better in health sector and obvious youth is also at great potential so, ultimately it will attract many of the MNCs to India.

Photo by cottonbro on Pexels.com

Age of motherhood, imperatives of lowering MMR, improvement of nutritional levels

The Government of India in a gazette notification issued on 04th June 2020, has set up a Task Force to examine matters pertaining to age of motherhood, imperatives of lowering MMR, improvement of nutritional levels and related issues.

Union Finance Minister, during her Budget Speech for 2020-21 in the Parliament stated that “Women’s age of marriage was increased from fifteen years to eighteen years in 1978, by amending erstwhile Sharda Act of 1929. As India progresses further, opportunities open up for women to pursue higher education and careers. There are imperatives of lowering MMR as well as improvement of nutrition levels. Entire issue about age of a girl entering motherhood needs to be seen in this light. I propose to appoint a task force that will present its recommendations in six months’ time..” (Ref.: Para 67 of the Budget Speech for FY 2020-21).