Category: Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants.

MACHINE LEARNING – THE MIRACLE

In the real world, we are learning new things every day and improving our decision-making skills on the basis of successful decisions in the past. Isn’t this human learning? If we now use computers to fully automate this process, what will it be? This will be machine learning.

Everyday applications

We use it a dozen times a day without even realizing it. Every time you perform a Google search, your machine learning software will figure out how to categorize the pages you want to visit. Also learn that if you read emails from your inbox, the smart spam filter can save you from browsing a lot of spam.

THE TECHNICAL UNDERSTANDING

Recently, Tom Mitchell described machine learning as a computer program. It is said that the program learns from experience E related to task T and performance metric P because its performance in T is improved by the P metric. Experience E Let us give an example of an online chess game, in which each game is a task T, and the process of the game is the experience E. Each game has a final result, which is a performance indicator P. This performance indicator is to win. Probability of a game against a new opponent. Now that the computer has the patience to play tens of thousands of games alone, it can further improve your chances of winning consecutively. Machine learning technology: a brief overview We all know how computers work, we all know How the computer works, we have simplified many operations. Now we are trying to get computers to examine all the macro and micro levels of human thought processes that lead to multiple decision-making skills. By developing truly intelligent machines, we can do almost anything you and I can do. This work consists of complex algorithms and functions of artificial intelligence applications running in expert systems. With every action you take, the computer will learn self-learning and self-esteem through progressive, keen, and precise decision-making skills. The computer learns to remember a past experience and process them according to the archived tasks and the resulting performance level. Development of actions/results in a specific context or situation.

FUTURE ASPECTS AND THE SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT

Machine learning is not limited to Google search or Amazon prediction. It is widely used in medical diagnosis, where tiny patterns are revealed to predict disease. Machine learning can have a positive impact on treatment and subsequent procedure decisions. Financial transactions, data mining, fraud detection, speech recognition, spam prevention, and language translation are some other areas where machine learning is used. The company uses the technology to predict the relevance of products based on the collected data. Let us see what machine learning can bring to the future. A fully functional self-driving car is expected to be available at the end of 2018. Natural language processing has developed a subset of machine learning so that students can improve search results and translations based on the search context. It will also help digital assistants like Siri interact with Humans On Cyber ​​Security Front, a machine learning model that can analyze the structure of inbound or outbound traffic to detect and stop suspicious before continuing damage occurs. activity. Decisions and code changes can be made without explicit programming, which makes machine learning an inevitable trend now and in the future.

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

IAEA • International organization -promote the
peaceful use of nuclear energy.

• Inhibits the use of nuclear energy for any military purpose.

• Autonomous organization – 29 July 1957.

• Established independently of the United Nations
-IAEA Statute.

• Still reports -United Nations General Assembly
and Security Council.

Offices

• Headquarters – Vienna, Austria.

• Regional Safeguards Offices- Toronto, Canada,
and in Tokyo, Japan.

• Liaison offices -New York City, United States, and in Geneva, Switzerland.

• Laboratories and research centers.

Significance

• Intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation -peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power.

• Development of peaceful applications of nuclear
energy and science and technology.

• Provide international safeguards against misuse
of nuclear technology and nuclear materials.

• Promote nuclear safety (radiation protection)
and nuclear security standards and their
implementation.

Members.

• IAEA – 173 member (April 2021).

• India became a member in 1957 itself.

AN ANLYSIS ON OVERALL GROWTH IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY [2020-2021]

The following research paper discuses about the various aspects of the Indian economy, GDP, Economic slowdown etc. The COVID-19 pandemic ensued global economic downturn, the most severe one since the Global Financial Crisis. The lockdowns and social distancing norms brought the already slowing global economy to a standstill. Global economic output estimated to fall by 3.5% in 2020 (IMF January 2021 estimates).Governments and national banks across the globe conveyed different arrangement instruments to help their economies, for example, bringing down strategy rates, quantitative facilitating measures, and so forth India received a four-column methodology of control, financial, monetary, and long haul underlying changes: Calibrated financial and money related help was given, padding the defenseless during the lockdown and boosting utilization and speculation.

PRICES AND INFLATION

Averaged 6.6% during April-December, 2020 and remained at 4.6% in December, 2020, principally determined by ascend in food swelling (from 6.7% in 2019-20 to 9.1% during April-December, 2020, attributable to develop in vegetable costs) CPI feature and its sub gatherings saw swelling during April-October 2020, driven by significant expansion in value energy – because of the underlying interruptions brought about by COVID-19 lockdown Moderated value force by November 2020 for most sub gatherings, combined with positive base impact.

Sustainable Development and Climate Change

Voluntary National Review (VNR) presented to the United Nations High-Level Political Forum
(HLPF) on Sustainable Development . Limitation of SDGs is significant to any methodology pointed toward accomplishing the objectives under the 2030 Agenda. Sustainable advancement remains center to the improvement technique regardless of the remarkable COVID-19 pandemic emergency .Eight National Missions under National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) zeroed in on the targets of variation, relief and readiness on environment chances. India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) states that money is a basic empowering influence of environment change activity . The financing contemplations will subsequently stay basic particularly as the nation ventures up the objectives considerably .The objective of mutually preparing US$ 100 billion every year by 2020 for environment financing by the created nations has stayed tricky.

GDP

India’s real GDP has recorded a growth of 11 per cent in 2021-22 and the nominal GDP by 15.4 per cent- which has been the the highest since independence. The V-shaped economic recovery is supported by the initiation of a mega vaccination drives with the hopes of a robust recovery in the services sector and prospects for robust growth in consumption and investment. The Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Economic Survey 2020-21 in Parliament, which stated that the rebound will be led by the low base and continued normalization in economic activities as the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines gathers traction. The fundamentals of the economy remain strong as gradual scaling back of lockdowns along with the astute support of Atmanirbhar.

Conclusion

India has evolved through the pandemic on the back of strong policy initiatives by the government, along with an optimistic outlook for economic recovery. India has administered ~4 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines in two weeks since January 16, 2021, becoming the fifth-largest inoculated country globally. India has become the world’s vaccine hub and extended support to 90+ countries seeking to stock up vaccines.

Since March 2020, early lockdown, health-infra ramp-up, incremental unlocking, blanket testing, social distancing, tailored fiscal stimulus (to reduce supply-side disruptions and revive demand) and structural reforms initiated by the government have helped restrict the fatality rate in India to 1.2%—one of the lowest in the world. India is emerging as the world’s fastest-growing major economy, with the IMF holding its growth forecasts as high as 6.8% for FY23. Also, the Economic Survey 2020-21 has drawn attention to the V-shaped economic growth—a testament to the burgeoning Indian economy and its intrinsic strength. India is not yet out of the danger of the pandemic. Social distancing continues to be the most effective tool to combat the pandemic as activity levels continue to rise in the economy boosted by the rapidly escalating inoculation drive in the country. Infrastructure to boost sectors to grow with unlocking of economy Terming investment in infrastructure “quintessential” to boost growth, the Economic Survey on Friday said post unlocking of the economy, infra sectors are poised for growth and construction of roads is expected to return to the high pace attained before COVID-19. The infrastructure sector will be the key to overall economic growth and macroeconomic stability, the Survey said emphasizing that the year after the crisis (2021-22) will require sustained and calibrated measures to facilitate the process of economic recovery and enable the economy to get back on its long term growth trajectory.

YOU ONLY LIVE ONCE!

Live every day as if it were your last.” I believe in this quote because life is too short to procrastinate; do the things you want now because there might not be a tomorrow. I know it might be hard to live like this, but I’m sure if you asked a group of older people if they died tomorrow, are there still a lot of unfinished goals that are yet to accomplish, most of them would say yes, and wish they would have done these goals earlier in life.
you only live once so make the best of it

I try to live by this quote as much as possible. I like to take advantage of this short life by being spontaneous and willing to try new things. Holidays and vacations are almost always a good time, so I always make sure I’m with friends and family, and take as many vacations as possible. For example last spring break three of my buddies and I decided to take a road trip to Miami. We didn’t plan anything just started driving and what ever happened from there on we didn’t have a clue. This trip turned out to be one of the best times of my life and the best part was we didn’t know what was going to happen each day. Since the trip was a huge success my buddies and I made a pact to do the same thing every spring break for as long as we know each other.

you only live once but if you do it right once is enough

I want to accomplish all my goals in life by the age of thirty five. This might be hard but if I do I will be happy knowing if I die early I know I lived life to the fullest each day and didn’t hold anything back. I would rather live a fun and spontaneous forty years than live to ninety with just an average lifestyle. In my point of view I think everyone should live on the edge and take a few risks in life. Some people need to realize you don’t get a second chance at everything, so if you get a chance to do something just do it or you may regret it for the rest of your life.

I hope this quote helps people realize the things in life they should take advantage of. You may regret bad times in the past but those bad times are gone, and what you do next is up to you. There are too many obstacles in life to dodge, and no one is perfect so take advantage of this life that we are blessed with before it’s too late.

reference-https://medium.com/the-ascent/why-yolo-but-if-you-do-it-right-once-is-enough-is-mistaken-10f0a0afc5c7

Sigmund Freud: II

Please ensure to read the Part I of my section on Freud.

3 Psychic Zones, Id, Ego, Super Ego. [Butter paper effect – Conscious Subconscious and Id (entirely unconscious),Ego, Super Ego (slightly conscious]) Reservoir – primes source of psychic energy, place where Libido exists, exists or function according to the pleasure principle, wants to fulfil its needs, characterised by great amount of vitality and energy, very amorphous zone, “Obscure inaudible past of our personality .. in accordance with the pleasure principle”. Needs and instincts to fulfil these needs, no morality/values/good/evil, nothing, source of aggression/desires/ deep rooted impulses, lawless, no social cues reckon by Id, function to gratify instincts without any implication of ones action, and if not kept under control and could be taken to any level, self destructive, satisfy for pleasure for the self, to gratify its instincts. Ego, a regulating agency; individual protective in certain way, a rational, governing agent of the psychic. All those needs may be released, in specific ways, the ego will control the id such that we don’t indulge in destructive ways, the untrained id is kept aside by ego governed by reality Principe; regulated by the Outer World. Super go – values like morality, notions of right and wrong, moral senses, reckons moral restriction and plays an important role in the drives and thrusting them back to the unconscious, and so you can’t be overly aggressive – a parental influence of mind and that good things would be rewarding and bad be punished, morality principles. Passes by phase of erotic development; phased passed erogenous zones, the oral the anal and the genital – not only just pleasure, but processes, eating – oral, elimination with anal and reproduction with genital. Pleasure and need quiet new with infant and children – Freud said it. Your gratification if frustrated, your development can be arrested, stuck/fixated unbalanced a phase, and fixation can manifest itself very significantly in your personality – Castration – Castration anxiety. 

Dreams – recurring but sometimes what we commonly see – flying/falling(edge of a cliff)/drowning/running – being chased/ dead people coming back and taking to them that feels real – Freud talks about this entire world of dreams. 

Sigmund Freud: I

Father of Psychoanalysis.

Civilisation, and the study of humanities associates lots of things with him, someone people keep talking about, amused by his theories, pass a lot of judgement, he’s a “crazy” man himself – belief. Freud can be or has been debunked now, his theories insightful, but not necessarily useful. The most influential western thinkers – timeline of publications 20th Century(?) – The clinical days when Lacan and Freud worked are important, both were medics. Human Nature/Sexuality/Dream/Children/Conflict/Desires – Freud Works his insights was controversial. Psychoanalytic’s a framework based on originated in Clinical Observation Freud made in his work. Freud often associated as an originator of these theoretical idea, he’s not the only Psychoanalysts [Jung and Freud didn’t see eye to eye on occasions & Lacan revisited Freud – reconceptualising aspects of theory.]. 

Psychoanalysis —  Method of treating mental disorder and mental illness; a treatment approach – treats mental disorder. The therapeutic aspects that help distressed people, to use psychoanalytic tool to try and make them feel better.Its a theory of human psyche – attempts to explain how human mind works. Psychoanalytic to interpret culture,  mass media and more, the understanding of psychoanalysis that people have offered is broad not just therapeutic but more. The potential the theory has to applicate in the cultural understanding of Psychoanalysis. 

Freud came along and created ripples amongst people which made them squeamish – actions controlled by areas of human mind where we have limited or no control which control our actions; human mind as ice berg, what we see is just the tip, the wight, the bulk, density is what we aren’t aware of. Freud about the unconscious and human actions — people found in uncomfortable because people believed human beings as rational and cognisant to their choice, and thus man was different from other animals, but Freud, that most rational of people are controlled by their unconscious. [Infantile Sexuality]  We are obligated to assume the effects of the unconscious – way of affecting our behaviour/actions/what we say and conduct our selves making us assume the condition of our unconscious — you don’t know that when your behaviour/actions being impacted. Freudian Slip – Humour and the unconscious.

Expend the considerable amount pf energy – the material from the unconscious will appear in the conscious mind, no certainty — the preconscious and unconscious, the union; that domain that it may not change or if it does, great difficulty is followed. This is a premise that the idea that most of the individual mental process is unconscious; Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, did not agree with this premise, that all human behaviour is motivated by Sexuality – Libido; & all human behaviour is greatly motivated by this. There are social taboos created and attached with these sexual practices, and thus many of our desires are Repressed not allowed to take any form in conscious awareness. 

Psychoanalysis, and everything in between.

Why and what infatuates someone with the subject of psychology and its importance and acceptance to human existence.

What was it that got me curious about the idea of psychoanalysis, is the part where you tap into someone’s psyche  or at least lear about the process and what could it unravel. The idea of psychopathology and beyond what society perceives psycho therapy lies an abundance of resources one must always find a way to study or understand that. The notion of psychoanalysis needs to adapted as a common practice, too, since it gives everyone a more peacefully aware and woke outlook towards life and people they engage with. 

The generation now is pretty invested in Psychology, just based on the prejudices they have over the subject, their prejudice seemingly creates a very systemic fascination and it helps in understanding a group or an individual alike. 

But beyond this is works in clinical psychology or behavioural psychology that has interested scholars and led many thesis work. 

But why is such curiosity in people to take on this subject? Is it to better understand your s/o, that seems almost like a common consensus, but is it that people feel allured to analyse someone? Mostly to justify their actions, no matter how absurd, such analysis help cover their wrongs, to help them get better, perhaps. The motif seems sufficient but we aren’t here to cure everyone, we are to push them, or to give them impetus toward a direction that would help them for a better way forward, and that’s what Psychoanalysis is, it is a way — a scientific way — to have a better action plan, call it therapy, but the stigma around that word has created a wave that has saddened people, but we in lieu of respecting psychoanalysis and all that it entail, we need to create a purer atmosphere for us, our peers and one way to do so it having a open approach to this field of study.

Freud, Lacan and many more enable us with tools to understand a fraction of this field but make no mistake that the field is broader and intense and relieving if we take up the patience and understanding of it. 

How to use the phone as a webcam for your PC

In these pandemic situation there no offline meetings and interviews. Video conference is daily habited in these time , we are using lot of application for video conference like Google meet, zoom meet, Microsoft teams , Skype and  jio meet

Most of people facing problems while hosting and interviews times ,our laptops and PC doesn’t have good quality of video

Then , is there any way to optimise for good quality of video . yes there is a way for that problem

In these day every one have mobile phones , by those mobile phone we can as a webcam

Are you thinking I am joking , then just follow my instruction you will be find my word are no joke..

I have research many application but ,I  recommended an application Droidcam  that can be download by our favourite  app stores

Now  you connect your PC or a Laptop over the same Wi-Fi network or with the help of a USB cable. If you downloaded the DroidCam app on your phone from the app store, then download the DroidCam Client on your Windows laptop or PC

There are two ways :

  • Using wi-fi
  • Using cable
  • using Browser

Using Wi-Fi

Open  the DroidCam app on your phone and click on the ‘Wireless’ option.

Then next screen should display the ‘WiFi IP’ and ‘DroidCam Port’ . If your ‘WiFi IP’ appears 0.0.0.0, then you are not connected to the Wi-Fi.

Open the DroidCam Client on your PC or laptop and enter the ‘WiFi IP’ and ‘DroidCam Port’ as displayed on your mobile phone. Click on the ‘Start’ button.

Now start the video conferencing app and check the webcam  by clicking on the ‘Webcam’ or ‘Video’ settings.

Using cable

Connect your mobile phone   to your PC  or Laptop with  USB cable.

We have remember to note is that you need iTunes downloaded on your  PC to connect using USB cable. If you do not have iTunes, you can download it . Once you login to iTunes, it will automatically detect your mobile Phone.

Start the DroidCam Client, select the ‘USB’ option and tap on ‘Start’.

using Browser

 DroidCam mobile phone application also connect to the camera using a web browser.

Then you  have to  connect your phone to a Wi-Fi and open DroidCam application.

Lunch  Chrome on your Laptop or PC and enter the ‘Browser IP Cam Access’ data then ‘http://192.168……./video’ and click on  enter.

If you have wish to specify the resolution of the video in the URL by using the path including ‘force’. example – http://192.168…./video.force?1280×720.

The application  DroidCam Wireless Webcam we used was the free ver . You canl also find the paid ver of this app, called the DroidCamX Wireless Webcam Pro in  the Google Play Store. The paid version application supports HD video streaming with out ads

there is one more application I recommends i.e Xsplit connect

Role of family in the social construction of gender

Gender in contrast to sex is a social construct. It is an established set of characteristics of society according to which people are categorized into males or females. Gender roles vary from society to society. There are many agencies present in society that facilitate the social construction of gender. Family is one such agency.

In this article, I will try to show the various processes through which gender identity is established in children by their families. 

As a child grows the gender identity is established through four processes namely:

  1. Reinforcement or moulding-Parents at home treat their children differently depending on their sex. Boys are normally given more freedom than girls while girls are treated more protectively. Any ‘effeminate’ behaviour on the part of the boy is highly discouraged and if such tendencies continue they are regarded as ‘psychological disturbances.’As a result of this training, children learn their sex roles effectively and quickly. 
  2. Opportunities-Opportunities go a long way in determining gender roles. While boys are encouraged to take up technical jobs girls are discouraged . Girls are encouraged to go along the ‘the feminine way’ and boys are expected to develop themselves along ‘the masculine way’.Boys are given cars, building blocks etc to play with while girls are given kitchen set, dolls to play with. The boys are expected to help their fathers and girls are expected to help their mothers.
  3. Role modelling-It is a major mechanism of gender socialisation. By the age of three, nearly all children know whether they are male or female and by the age of four, they have very definite ideas of what masculinity and femininity must involve. A male child usually identifies with his father and a female child with her mother. The boys considering their father as a role model emulates them and the same is the case with girls who look up to their mothers. Role modelling is more effective when the child has a strong and warm relationship with the role model.
  4.  Explicit verbal instruction-Certain instructions also determine gender identity.” Boys don’t cry like girls”,” Pink is the colour of girls”,” You are a girl you should know how to cook” etc are some very common instructions. Hearing the same everywhere and on daily basis influences the mind of an individual and determines the gender identity.

Hence, families give the earliest reinforcement for acting appropriately according to one’s gender, and the environment continues to teach what is acceptable for men and women.

PHOTOGRAPHY


                       “Photography is the story I fail to put into words.”

                                – Destin Sparks

What is photography ?

Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating durable images by recording …
Other names: Science or art of creating durable images

The art or process of producing images by the action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive surface (such as film or an optical sensor)

Concepts of photography –

Aperture, shutter speed, ISO speed, exposure. Photography is all about light.  You use aperture and shutter speed to achieve the proper exposure, while taking into account some important side-effects you should be aware about.

Principles of photography –

The seven principles of art and design in photography; balance, rhythm, pattern, emphasis, contrast, unity and movement, form the foundation of visual arts. Using the seven principles allows you to take greater control of your photographic practice. This will lead to better photos and more photographic opportunities.

Elements used in photography –

Patterns, texture, symmetry, asymmetry, depth of field, lines, curves, frames, contrast, color, viewpoint, depth, negative space, filled space, foreground, background, visual tension, shapes. We use one or more of these elements to create a composition that works for our image.

There are many elements in photography that come together to make an image be considered “good”. Elements like lighting, the rule of thirds, lines, shapes, texture, patterns, and color all work well together to add interest and a great deal of composition in photographs.

A good photographer must have a very keen eye for detail to ensure that all elements within the photo , the lighting , the composition , the subject , and everything else in between to work together harmoniously to convey the right vision or message. Even the tiniest detail can make or break a photograph.

                           ” Photography is a way of feeling, of touching, of loving. What you have caught on film is captured forever… It remembers little things, long after you have forgotten everything.”

                                 – Aaron Siskind

A picture is a poem without words.

The art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces. Photography is the art, practice or occupation of taking pictures with a camera. An example of photography is someone taking pictures for a magazine.

Photography in career –

Photography is a good career if you have an excellent skill set, good creative ability, composition, and technical expertise.  Good photography skills come with a lot of practice and hard work. This career can be rewarding if you love to take challenges and are eager to live your life through the eye of the camera.

Photographer skills –

Photographer skills are those skills needed to create high-quality pictures, including artistic vision and technical knowledge of camera equipment and the art of photography

             
                           “There is one thing the photo must contain – the humanity of the moment.”

                                     –Robert Frank


                       “Photography is the story I fail to put into words.”

                                – Destin Sparks

What is photography ?

Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating durable images by recording …
Other names: Science or art of creating durable images

The art or process of producing images by the action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive surface (such as film or an optical sensor)

Concepts of photography –

Aperture, shutter speed, ISO speed, exposure. Photography is all about light.  You use aperture and shutter speed to achieve the proper exposure, while taking into account some important side-effects you should be aware about.

Principles of photography –

The seven principles of art and design in photography; balance, rhythm, pattern, emphasis, contrast, unity and movement, form the foundation of visual arts. Using the seven principles allows you to take greater control of your photographic practice. This will lead to better photos and more photographic opportunities.

Elements used in photography –

Patterns, texture, symmetry, asymmetry, depth of field, lines, curves, frames, contrast, color, viewpoint, depth, negative space, filled space, foreground, background, visual tension, shapes. We use one or more of these elements to create a composition that works for our image.

There are many elements in photography that come together to make an image be considered “good”. Elements like lighting, the rule of thirds, lines, shapes, texture, patterns, and color all work well together to add interest and a great deal of composition in photographs.

A good photographer must have a very keen eye for detail to ensure that all elements within the photo , the lighting , the composition , the subject , and everything else in between to work together harmoniously to convey the right vision or message. Even the tiniest detail can make or break a photograph.

                           ” Photography is a way of feeling, of touching, of loving. What you have caught on film is captured forever… It remembers little things, long after you have forgotten everything.”

                                 – Aaron Siskind

The art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces. Photography is the art, practice or occupation of taking pictures with a camera. An example of photography is someone taking pictures for a magazine.

Photography in career –

Photography is a good career if you have an excellent skill set, good creative ability, composition, and technical expertise.  Good photography skills come with a lot of practice and hard work. This career can be rewarding if you love to take challenges and are eager to live your life through the eye of the camera.

Photographer skills –

Photographer skills are those skills needed to create high-quality pictures, including artistic vision and technical knowledge of camera equipment and the art of photography

             
                           “There is one thing the photo must contain – the humanity of the moment.”

                                     –Robert Frank

TERRACOTTA- LET’S COLLECT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT IT

Sparkle of Terracotta

TERRACOTTA- AN UNIQUE STYLE OF ART

According to the dictionary the Terracotta art means hard,fired clay,brownish in colour when unglazed which is used to make architectural ornaments and facings, structural units, pottery and as a material for sculpture. The word ‘Terracotta’ came from Latin word ‘Terra-cotta’ and in Italian language Terrakotta means ‘baked-earth’.  

 Basically Terracotta is a type of earthenware or Ceramic pottery. At 1st we should have enough knowledge about earthenware. Earthenware is glazed or unglazed non-vitreous pottery which is made on fire below 1,200°C (2,190°F). So what do you say ? ‘baked-earth’ makes sense right? 

Normally Terracotta is used for sculpture making. But not only for sculpture but also for flower vas, doll,pot,water pipes, bricks,roofing tiles etc. Even there are also many temples of Terracotta. It is too flexible material for sculpture.Terracotta is usually a fairly coarse, porous type of clay. At first it has to be shaped then fired until hard. In the past, it was left to harden in the hot sun ,after that it was baked in primitive ovens. Ultimately, it was fired (at about 1000°C) in a special oven, kilns. After baking the clay became a brownish colour. Until it was glazed it was not watertight.terracotta is too simple than other bronze or other material work. 

It was 1st used in Prehistoric art according to Venus of Dolni Vestonice (26,000-24,000 BCE) which was found buried in a layer of ash in Moravia at a paleolithic encampment. Some famous Terracotta figures are- The Thinker of Cernavoda(5000 BCE), The Enthroned Goddess Figurine(6000 BCE).Bronze and Iron Age artists kept the culture of the terracotta tradition, like the female fertility cult figures unearthed at Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan (3000-1500 BCE), and The Burney Relief (1950 BCE) from Ancient Mesopotamia. On the other hand we must say Chinese art created the biggest example of Terracotta art, those are-The Terracotta Army (246-208 BCE). Around the Mediterranean,such as early Egyptian, Minoan, Mycenaean, Greek and Etruscan cultures, employed terracotta for figurative works – such as the Tanagra Figurines from Boeotia in central Greece – besides  decorative art and architectural ornamentation.Particularly in the era of Hellenistic art (323-30 BCE) it was widely used by sculptors. It was also used in Early Christian art, for tomb reliefs (from c.200 CE). Terracotta is also famous in African sculpture, pre-Columbian art.

In India Terracotta is famous in the same way as in the past. In India Terracotta is a heritage culture. It is very common that there are many things of terracotta at most homes in India. ‘Bishnupur’ in West Bengal is a great source of Terracotta sculptures or other things. Murshidabad, Birbhum, Jessore, Digha (all are in West Bengal)  are also the treasure of Terracotta. There are also famous in Rajasthan, Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Jammu and Kashmir etc.    

|Complexities in life |

Complexities and complications in life makes us who we are today. If it isn’t for the experience’s and complex situations that we had undergone we wouldn’t have become who we are today. This essay focuses on how these complexities make our life beautiful. I would like guide you down to a very different lane of thoughts about life. These complex thoughts can only be learned and understood with examples and real-life situation in order for us to comprehend it. Referring to the idea of addressing the twisted and complicated side of globalization, Manfred B Steger made us understand some of these complexities. 

Sometimes we find ourselves at crosswords with different situations which are hard to simplify. An example of this is how Cameron Russell talks about how she if living a life most of us would want to grab at the first chance we get yet how unhappy she is with it. These are the complex situations where we stop to think of how happy we are and content with our lives even when we have no wealth or fame. Happiness instead of becoming a choice then become an unattainable option. 

‘Is google making us stupid’ is an article by Nicholas Carrwhich focuses on how complex the system of google working is, there are two sides to the story. One, where we completely rely on google to learn while the other google making us stupid. It is pretty paradoxical if I put it that way but it is quite true too. I would like to unravel such complex thoughts in my essay. 

 

The Paradox in Life 

Our lives aren’t compromised of simplicities nor they want to be easily defined. From the flip side of romanticizing sadness to people actually being able to relate to it, we have come across some complex dimensions a human brain can adapt too. We are social beings kept locked away in our homes for the past 8 months, imagine the irony. People learn new thoughts and possibilities and eventually life only through socialization but what happens when they are cut off from the world completely. They forget to live life as it was before. They forget about how beautiful life was before this pandemic struck. How we all loved the little complex moments and shared the joy in it.

The word ‘Love’ has different pronunciations and spellings in different places yet it shares the same feelings wherever it is expressed. Love cannot be limited to just your partners affection, love is also when your mother buys you, your favorite dress or when your father cooks your favorite dish. Love cannot be reduced to a specific section of people because love is omnipresent. And if shared brings a lot of joy. But this cannot be said about the way humans treat each other. 

People aren’t always filled with love and happiness but also emotions like anger, sadness, regret, guilt and jealousy. They are sometimes driven by these complex emotions which sometimes can result in unpredicted circumstances and we learn from them. We learn from our mistakes every time we commit one, everyday we are learning, evolving, changing into a better version of ourselves because of these complexities. 

In Steger’s text on globalization we had come across a very twisted side of how the interconnectedness of the world has resulted in many tragedies rather than the advantages. The world has become so progressed yet it has not let go of its secular roots and stereotypes. One of the after product of this globalization is the internet. People make use of the most popular search engine ‘Google’. Yes, google makes us look smart and earns us good grades but at the same time it makes us lose the ability to concentrate and read, it reduces our concentration span and it makes us reduce the amount of knowledge we could have acquired through reading a book. So, think about it? Are we really becoming smart? 

These thoughts I have put forward were for you to realize how complexities that stay out of our normal thinking could easily make us know the world in another perspective. Looking at things from one point of view is quite biased and subjective. Learning to view through the objectivize path requires wide reading as said by Ann Morgan. She had set on a voyage for reading a book from all the countries across the world. It is a beautiful yet complex mission which if attained can make her quite a knowledgeable person. Someone with wide reading capabilities know how important it is to acknowledge the little things in life and live in the moment. 

Writing conclusions for an essay with such a variety perspective is quite a challenge, because it isn’t about a specific topic nor about an unchanging entity. It is about the situations and experiences where we learn to be a better person and it is no easy challenge. My examples of how I see the world can be very different from yours but it does not make it any smaller. We all are part of something as huge as the milky way. We have yet to find out so many things in the world, but we should always learn to embrace the complex moments and the beauty in our lives.

Attitude: Formation & Change

We all have our own opinions about people, situations, issues or life. These opinions are formed over time with experience and are an example of attitude. An attitude is basically a state of mind or a set of views regarding some topic. It is accompanied with a tendency to act in a particular way with regard to attitude object. Attitude are not a behaviour in itself but rather it represents the tendency to behave in a certain way.
Attitudes have an evaluative feature i.e. they are either positive or negative. Attitudes are formed through interaction and changes throughout our lives through experiences. Some attitudes however, remain fairly constant. Such attitudes get incorporated in our lives as a part of our belief system and moral values. Beliefs and values differ for every individual. For some they may change over time while for others they may never change.
In general, attitudes are learned. This learning can take place through association, observation, exposure, culture etc. In early age group, attitudes are learnt by being rewarded or punished. For example, praising(rewarding) a child every time he does his share of chores will lead to a positive attitude formation towards doing chores. Most of the attitudes are formed by modelling or observation. During pre teen years or even teenage in that matter, important attitudes about life and related matters are formed by observation of living environments. Social norms also shape our attitudes. Social norms are exclusive to their cultures and become a part of our social cognition.
Family and school environment especially during the early years play a significant role in shaping the attitude of an individual. Most of the attitudes are formed through direct personal experiences which bring about a drastic change in our opinions towards people and our own life. Over the years, media has become an important source and factor for attitude formation. It provides an exposure to vast amount of information, both positive and negative. Internet is also a very powerful factor for attitude formation.
Change in the attitude depends on it’s existing nature. Nature of attitude includes it’s positivity or negativity, simplicity or complexity and centrality. Generally speaking, positive attitudes are easier to change. Extreme attitudes and central attitudes are rather difficult to change. Attitude may change in the same direction as the existing one, or it may change in the opposite direction. It has been observed that attitude changes when message comes from a highly credible source. A message in the information that is presented to change the attitude. Whether the message contains a rational or emotional appeal also makes a difference. People who have a more open and flexible personality change more easily then those who are less open. People with low self esteem and low confidence also tend to change their attitudes more easily than those with high self esteem and confidence. People with strong prejudices do not easily change their attitudes. More intelligent people change their attitude less easily but sometimes they change it more willingly than others.

https://youtu.be/xxisEC4nF1A

https://youtu.be/tohd2AJ2bvI

The impact of Social Media Influencers on Promotion of a brand

Promotion of a brand involves informing, persuading and keeping the potential consumers for continued and long term engagements. Promotion can be done by informing the public about the features of the product or brand, persuading them to buy the product by telling its unique features and keeping in touch with the customers to convince them to further buy more products of the same brand by providing after-sales-services and by maintaining good producer-consumer relations.

It is also important to note that there is a difference between promoting a product and promoting a brand. Promoting a brand is broader in terms as it focuses on building and maintaining brand image and is related with the promotion of the entire business. Promotion of a product is narrower in terms as it just focuses on promoting a “particular product”. For example, when Loreal Paris uses the tagline “You’re worth it”, it not just promotes a particular product but the entire Loreal brand. However, when it uses “5 problems, 1 solution”, it promotes a particular product (i.e., Total Repair 5) by highlighting the importance of it.

Online Brand or Product Promotion is the method of promoting the brand or product on different social media and online platforms by using the internet to its full potential to reach a wide range of audience. For ages, brands and advertisers have influenced and shaped consumers’ attitudes and behaviours and sometimes we don’t even get to know about it.


There are several ways in which Social Media Influencers impact promotion of a brand or a product:

1) Influencing Purchase Decision of Consumers:

Consumers’ purchase intentions are frequently measured and used by marketing managers as an input for decisions for new and existing products. Social Media Influencers do not put up advertisements but just directly talk about the product or brand in details, how to use their, if they are value for money. So influencers cover the “Frequently Asked Questions” about a product.

2) Convincing customers to buy products:

After influencing the purchase decision of the customers, the main task of influencers is to make their followers buy the products. Actions involving social media influencers help more when there is best personalised advertisement done by the influencers.

3) Distribution of Samples:

This is one of the newest techniques through which social media influencers help business firms in their promotional activities. The influencers take free samples from the producers and further distribute them to their followers in terms of “online giveaways”. This technique of “Online Giveaway” becomes extremely beneficial for those firms which are new in the market. The social media influencers ask their followers to comment, like or share the posts of the business product/firm they’re associated and few lucky winners are the ones who get to take the products in these Online Giveaways. There’s also traditional form of distribution of samples where influencers distribute a business firm’s products which are generally smaller in quantity than the original products so that customers get a first hand experience of the products.

Clearly, social media influencers have had gained and influenced their followers a lot in recent years and especially during the pandemic. People rely on influencers more these days and influencers keep on creating more content for their followers.