As far as Global Warming is concerned all governments of the world are also taking steps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Countries around the world have recognized this problem and signed a pact in Paris called The Paris Agreement in 2015. They all pledged to reduce their carbon footprints. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has set a target of not increasing the temperature more than around 2 degrees Celcius and in the later years around 1.5 degrees.

Although everything is not going very well with this agreement. Recently, Donald Trump – president of the United Nations of America pulled out of this agreement citing that developing nations are not doing enough to control their Carbon emission and all the money is going in vain. On the other hand, developing nations like China have argued that developed nations like the United States of America have already developed their nations while polluting the planet. But, it’s now their turn to develop their country and they are doing their bit to curb the carbon emissions.

India is also doing their bit to control the carbon footprint. Under the leadership of the prime minister, Modi India is taking very active steps in the field of renewable energy. Many Solar panel power plants have been opened. Ujjwala scheme was launched to provide LPG connection to the poor which led to an increase in clean fuel consumption in the rural area. We have also been trying to increase our Forrest are by extensively planting trees.

One of the major steps we could take forward is to use renewable sources of energy. To run our home equipment we need to use Solar panels. The government also needs to find ways to use the green energy of electricity production through windmills, Solar panels, etc. We need to use public transport as much as possible. It will reduce the consumption of fuels and thus reduce greenhouse gases. Cycles can also be used for traveling a small distance. We know that while operating, refrigerators and air conditioners release ChloroFluoroCarbons(CFC). When released into the atmosphere they go and react with the ozone and creating a hole in the ozone layer. Through this hole, humans are now exposed to the ultraviolet rays which come with the sunlight.

Indian entrepreneur, angel investor, former actor and business executive Anupam Mittal is best known as the founder of matrimonial website Shaadi.com, real-estate platform Makaan.com, short video application Mauj and media company Mobango. On 23rd December 1971, Anupam born in Mumbai, Maharashtra. He has pursued his post-graduation from Boston University, and later he has done MBA in Operations and Strategic Management in the academic year 1994-97. After completing MBA in 1997 he started online Indian wedding website named Shaadi.com. ln July 2013, he tied knot with Indian model, Aanchal Kumar.

Anupam mittal focused on creating a business around planned marriages. During 2000 concept of love marriage in India was not accepted. So this platform provides various options of partner. This platform has more in Pakistan, India etc. He had interest in Bollywood and entertainment. In done 2 movies flavours in 2003 and 99 in 2009. Anupam got outstanding serial Entrepreneur & Angel Investor by The Indus Entrepreneur, Mumbai in 2020. In 2015 Anupam got Karmveer Puraskar award from iCONGO. he is in 50 most powerful people in India.

Anupam mittal is one of the powerful shark in shark tank India. He said to youth,” I have been reflecting on the opportunities we have created,the conversation we have started and most important the fire we have sparkles with shark tank India. I believe that the show has been the catalyst that will change India’s entrepreneurial landscape forever.”

The forests are important for human lives as ‘concrete jungle’ cannot provide fresh oxygen and cannot absorb carbon dioxide. In this regard, I wish to highlight the great personality of India and the noble soul of Dr. G.B.K. Rao, the Chairman cum Managing Director of Pragati Resorts in Hyderabad, a famous bio-diversity park. Dr Rao is Chairman Expert Committee (Agriculture & Food Processing), Southern Regional Council, ICC. Pragati Resorts is one of the World’s First Resorts to obtain integrated ISO certification and Green rating from the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). According to Dr. Rao, a tree absorbs 12 kilograms of carbon dioxide and supplies oxygen throughout the year which can benefit six members of a family. Thus, the importance of a tree can be greatly realized. Anyway, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 21 March the International Day of Forests in 2012 to celebrate and raise awareness of the importance of all types of forests. Countries are encouraged to undertake local, national, and international efforts to organize activities involving forests and trees, such as tree-planting campaigns. The organizers are the United Nations Forum on Forests and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in collaboration with Governments, the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, and other relevant organizations in the field (un.org/en/observances). It is also observed from the website that “for millions of people across the world, wood helps provide safe drinking water, food, and shelter – but wood can do much more and is a renewable resource when forests are managed sustainably”.
In the case of Pragati Resorts, it was established in 1994 and at that time the area was totally barren with terrible climate conditions such that even lizards would not lay eggs there. The water in the area depleted due to the mining of limestone which made the land unfit for cultivation. Dr. G.B.K Rao selected the land on the basis of three criteria – i) it is away from the city also away from highway, ii) area is totally non-cultivable /barren, and iii) totally depleted of water (pragatiresorts.com/about-pragati/). Now, the area has been turned into heaven and the people call “Pragati is Heaven on Earth”. I visited a couple of times and undoubtedly it is ‘Heaven’ as Ambient Air Quality is only 1.4. We know if Ambient Air quality is worse is the impact. It is pertinent to mention that as per the World Bank report, “Globally, air pollution is a silent killer. The air pollution levels in India are among the highest in the world, posing a heavy threat to the country’s health and economy. Almost all of India’s 1.4 billion people are exposed to unhealthy levels of ambient PM 2.5 – the most harmful pollutant – emanating from multiple sources. These small particulates with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns are about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. Exposure to PM 2.5 can cause such deadly illnesses as lung cancer, stroke, and heart disease” (worldbank.org/en/country/india/publication/). Dr G.B.K Rao, an industrialist-turned-environmentalist, believes that Indian culture is an integral part of nature, and only when sacred herbal and medicinal plants and local cows are protected, then nature can be protected, and man can lead a happy and healthy life. Around 800 varieties of sacred herbal heritage medicinal plants, other rare mother plants, and trees inter alia are Kalpavriksha also known as kalpataru, have been planted in the Pragati which is spread over an area of 2500 acres. There are healing herbs also which remove toxins and provide refresh to an individual through aromatherapy. Also, the area is completely free from mosquitoes, bad bacteria, and viruses. In the Resorts, there is a provision of ‘Amrutha Ahaaram’ (meaning Amrita/lifesaving foods) and for this the special 3-day package has been designed to boost immunity levels naturally to fight against any type of virus or bacteria.
On the International Day of Forests 21 March, I salute Dr. G.B.K. Rao for his great initiative to develop an undeveloped area and to make it a wonderful biodiversity area in India.

The Indian entrepreneur, co-founder, and marketing director of boAt company is Aman Gupta. boAt is the number one company of headset equipment models in India. Aman was born on 9th of March 1982 in New Delhi. He completed his school education in Delhi public school RK Puram New Delhi. He made the graduation in commerce through Shahid Bhagat Singh College. He became the chartered accountant through the institution of chartered accountants of India. He did his MBA in general management and marketing from Kellogg Graduate School of Management, USA.

In 2016 he started his own company named boAt with business partner Sameer Mehta. The boat deals with headphones, speakers, and various hearable products. Aman Gupta owns 28.1% of boAt equity share. This company produced rupees 500 crores of revenue in the fiscal year 2020 and have an increase of 108.8% over the previous year.

He won the Businessworld Young entrepreneur award in 2019. In 2020 he was the winner of super 30 CMO’s. In 2021 he won the most stylish entrepreneur of the year by Lokmat. In the newly released show “Shark Tank India” he was one of the “Sharks”. Currently, boAt became the world’s top 5 wearable brand.

Aman Gupta says “Rejection is part of life. I get lots of rejection. But I believe that it is better to try than to cry. I don’t want regret because I don’t try.’

Advertising plays a very important role in today’s age of competition. Advertising is one thing that has become a necessity for everybody in today’s day-to-day life, be it the producer, the traders, or the customer. Advertising is an important part. Advertising is important for the customers
Just imagine television or a newspaper or a radio channel without an advertisement! No, no one can any day imagine this. Advertising plays a very important role in customers’ life. Customers are the people who buy the product only after they are made aware of the products available in the market. If the product is not advertised, no customer will come to know what products are available and will not buy the product even if the product was for their benefit. One more thing is that advertising helps people find the best products for themselves, their kids, and their family. When they come to know about the range of products, they are able to compare the products and buy so that they get what they desire after spending their valuable money. Thus, advertising is important for the customers. Advertising is important for the seller and companies producing the products. Yes, advertising plays a very important role for the producers and the sellers of the products, because advertising helps increase sales, helps producers or companies to know their competitors and plan accordingly to meet up the level of competition.
If any company wants to introduce or launch a new product in the market, advertising will make a ground for the product. Advertising helps make people aware of the new product so that the consumers come and try the product.
Advertising helps create goodwill for the company and gains customer loyalty after reaching a mature age.
The demand for the product keeps on coming with the help of advertising and demand and supply become a never-ending process.
Advertising is important for the society
Advertising helps educate people. There are some social issues also which advertising deals with like child labour, liquor consumption, girl child killing, smoking, family planning education, etc. thus, advertising plays a very important role in society.

Summer is the one of the season from 3 seasons. Summer is actually very hectic season.beacause we suffer from lots of problems. The hair problem,skin,makeup problem as well. In summer our lots of time goes outside to home because it is a vacation season. We come in contact with sun continuously. And these give us lots of problems. Due to picnic and kids vacation we spend time in outside or doing new things such as tracking, visiting hill station etc. The day in summer is also long. To enjoy summer vacation without any problem.so here are some tips for your happy summer.

1. Eat healthy and light- diet in summer is light to metabolism. Eat in frequent mannar. Take the antioxidant fruit such as blackberry and blueberry so toxic materials remove and get a less tanned skin. Eat fruits which contains lots of water such as watermelon, coconut etc. Sometimes eat cold things such as mint which gives cooling sensation.

2. Protect eyes- The harsh sunlight harm our eyes so to protect eyes from harsh sunlight use eyeglasses.which protect eyes from sunlight.

3. Wear cotton cloth- It is to avoid sweating. In summer sweating is large problem. Use of cotton cloth give free air to body so bad odour from body also avoided.

4. Stay hydrated- due to sweating body is fastly dehydrate to overcome that drink plenty of water. Daily drink atleast 2.5 liter water. Fullfill your need of water.

To enjoy your summer holidays take care of bodys need. Avoid caffeine because it has heat content. Less intake of salt and sugar. Reduce intake of fats. Sleep well and take nutritional supplements. Enjoy your summer happily.

Cancer is a physical disorder in which abnormal cell growth is observed. the change in DNA is also observed. The cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. The uncontrolled cells growth in the breast is called breast cancer. There are various types of breast cancer. Breast cancer occurs in women and rarely in men. In 2020 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer and 685000 death globally. In men, it was observed only 0.5-1%. October is breast cancer awareness month.

Causes of breast cancer= 1) Family risk- In the patient’s family history if anyone has cancer then it is possible that the next generation is also observed. sometimes inheritors cancer is also produced.
2)Radiation Exposure= continuous contact with radiation or pollution also develops the risk of cancer. Due to radiation, the DNA gets destroyed new cancer is produced.
3)Early menstruation and late menopause= Due to hormonal imbalance breast cancer may produce.
4)Prolonged use of oral contraceptives
5)Hormone replacement therapy after menapause= this therapy is useful for osteoporosis. but its prolonged use is harmful to the breast.

Symptoms of breast cancer=1) The main symptom increases in the weight of a patient (obesity). 2) The lumps are observed in the breast and sometimes lumps are easily filled to the hand. 3) In a later stage bloody discharge from the nipple may observe. 4)There is a change in the size of the breast. texture and shape of a breast are also observed.5) pain in underarms because lymphatic node swells.

Treatment of breast cancer= 1) chemotherapy In the early stages it is easy and effective as well. Tamoxifen is a much safer drug.
2) Surgery is done to remove lumps or that cancerous cells.
3)Radiation therapy= In this the cancer cell kills at its place.
4) Hormone therapy= If cancer produces due to hormonal imbalance then it is cured by hormonal therapy.

Prevention of Breast cancer= 1)Physically active give release from lots of diseases. Daily exercise at least 30 min and aerobics 75 min weekly.
2)Keep weight in check. Weight should not increase suddenly. and it is much more.
3)Eat all fruits and vegetables. Take a balanced and healthy diet.

4)Don’t smoke. And intake of alcohol is also injurious to health.
5)Breastfeeding if possible. Lactate gland if producing milk may cause lumps if milk remains in the breast.which further results in cancer.
6)Avoid birth control pills, particularly after 35 yrs.
7)Breast screening is called mammograms. It should be done yearly after 40 yrs. otherwise done timely when risk is observed.
8) Regularly change inner-wear(bra). and don’t wear it at night.

So regular exercise, a healthy diet, time to time mammograms, and taking care of innerwear prevent the risk of breast cancer.

Recently, a global collaborative investigative effort titled the Pegasus project, revealed that Israeli company NSO Group’s Pegasus spyware targeted over 300 mobile phone numbers in India. As per reports, at least 40 journalists, Cabinet Ministers, and holders of constitutional positions were possibly subjected to surveillance. The reports are based on a leaked global database of 50,000 telephone numbers.

What is Pegasus?

It is spyware created by NSO Group, an Israeli cybersecurity firm founded in 2010.The NSO Group’s founders come from Unit 8200 – Israel’s elite defense force. It is also the Israel Defence Force’s largest military unit and probably the foremost technical intelligence agency in the world.Pegasus spyware can hack any iOS or Android device and steal a variety of data from the infected device.It works by sending an exploit link and if the target user clicks on the link, the malware or the code that allows the surveillance is installed on the user’s phone.Pegasus can be deleted remotely. It’s very hard to detect and once it’s deleted, leaves few traces.It can also be used to plant messages/mails which is why there are theories it may have been used to plant fake evidence to implicate activists in the Bhima Koregaon case.
Pegasus is designed for three main activities:
1 collection of historic data on  a device without user knowledge
 2 continuous  monitoring of activity and gathering of personal information and
3 transmission of this data to third parties.
Israel identifies Pegasus as a cyberweapon and claims that its exports are controlled.

Pegasus spyware has evolved from its earlier spear-phishing methods using text links or messages to ‘zero-click’ attacks which do not require any action from the phone’s user. It is the worrying aspect of spyware.

• It helps spyware like Pegasus to gain control over a device without human interaction or human error.
• Most of these attacks exploit software that receives data even before it can determine whether what is coming in is trustworthy or not, like an email client.
• They are hard to detect given their nature and hence even harder to prevent. Detection becomes even harder in encrypted environments, where there is no visibility on the data packets being sent or received

 

Treating illness b using tools to remove or manipulate pats of the human body is an old idea. Even the minor operations carried high risks, but that doesn’t mean all early surgery failed. Indian doctors, at the beginning centuries before the birth of Christ, successfully removed tumors and performed amputations and other operations. They developed dozens of metal tools, relied on alcohol to dull the patient, and controlled bleeding with hot oil and tar. The 20^th century brought even more radical change through technology. Advances in fiber optic technology and the miniaturization of video equipment have revolutionized surgery. The laparoscopy is the James Bond like gadget of the surgeon’s repertoire of instruments. Only a small incision through the patient’s abdominal wall is made into which the surgeon puffs carbon dioxide to open up the passage.

 Using a laparoscope, a visual assessment and diagnosis, and even surgery causes less physiological damage, reduces patient’s pain and speeds their recovery leading to shorter hospital stays. In the early 1900s, Germany’s George Kelling developed a surgical technique in which he injected air into the abdominal cavity and inserted a cytoscope – a tube like viewing scope to assess the patient’s innards. In late 1901, he began experimenting and successfully peered into a dog’s abdominal cavity using the technique. Without cameras, laparoscopy’s use limited to diagnostic procedures carried out by gynecologists and gastroenterologists. By the 1980s, improvements in miniature video devices and fiber optics inspired surgeons to embrace minimally invasive surgery. In 1996, the first live broadcast of a laparoscopy took place. A year later, Dr. J. Himpens used a computer controlled robotic system to aid in laparoscopy. This type of surgery is now used for gallbladder removal as well as for the diagnosis and surgeries of fertility disorder, cancer, and hernias.

Hypothermia is a drop in body temperature significantly below normal can be life threatening, as in the case of overexposure to severe wintry conditions. But in some cases, like that of Kevin Everett of the buffalo bills, hypothermia can be lifesaver. Everett fell to the ground with a potentially crippling spinal cord injury during a 2007 football game. Doctors treating him on the field immediately injected his body with a cooling fluid. At the hospital, they inserted a cooling catheter to lower his body temperature by roughly five degrees, at the same time proceeding with surgery to fix his fractured spine. Despite fears that he would be paralyzed, Everett has regained his ability to walk, and advocates of therapeutic hypothermia feel his lowered body temperature may have made the difference. Therapeutic hypothermia is still a controversial procedure. The side effects of excessive cooling include heart problems, blood clotting, and increased infection risk. On the other hand, supporters claim, it slows down cell damage, swelling, and other destructive processes well enough that it can mean successful surgery after a catastrophic injury. Surgical lasers can generate heat up to 10,000°F on a pinhead size spot, sealing blood vessels and sterilizing. Surgical robots and virtual computer technology are changing medical practice. Robotic surgical tools increase precision. In 1998, heart surgeons at Paris’s Broussais hospital performed the first robotic surgery. New technology allows an enhanced views and precise control of instruments.

“After a complex laparoscopic operation, the 65-year-old patient was home in time for dinner”. – Elisa Birnbaum, surgeon

 

Thomas Newcomen, a Devonshire blacksmith, developed the first successful steam engine in the world and used it to pump water from mines. His engine was a development of the thermic siphon built by Thomas Savery, whose surface condensation patents blocked his own designs. Newcomen’s engine allowed steam to condense inside a water-cooled cylinder, the vacuum produced by this condensation being used to draw down a tightly fitting piston that was connected by chains to one end of a huge, wooden, centrally pivoted beam. The other end of the beam was attached by chains to a pump at the bottom of the mine. The whole system was run safely at near atmospheric pressure, the weight of the atmosphere being used to depress the piston into the evacuated cylinder.

 Newcomen’s first atmospheric steam engine worked at conygree in the west midlands of England. Many more were built in the next seventy years, the initial brass cylinders being replaced by larger cast iron ones, some up to 6 feet (1.8 m) in diameter. The engine was relatively inefficient, and in areas where coal was not plentiful was eventually replaced by double-acting engines designed by James Watt. These used both sides of the cylinder for power strokes and usually had separate condensers. James watt was responsible for some of the most important advances in steam engine technology.

In 1765 watt made the first working model of his most important contribution to the development of steam power, he patented it in 1769. His innovation was an engine in which steam condensed outside the main cylinder in a separate condenser. The cylinder remained at working temperature at all times. Watt made several other technological improvements to increase the power and efficiency of his engines. For example, he realized that, within a closed cylinder, low pressure steam could push the piston instead of atmospheric air. It took only a short mental leap for watt to design double-acting engine in which steam pushed the piston first one way, then the other, increasing efficiency still further.

Watt’s influence in the history of steam engine technology owes as much to his business partner, Matthew Boulton, as it does to his own ingenuity. The two men formed a partnership in 1775, and Boulton poured huge amount of money into watt’s innovations. From 1781, Boulton and watt began making and selling steam engines that produced rotary motion. All the previous engines had been restricted to a vertical, pumping action. Rotary steam engines were soon the most common source of power for factories, becoming a major driving force behind Britain’s industrial revolution.

By the age of nineteen, Cornishman Richard Trevithick worked for the Cornish mining industry as a consultant engineer. The mine owners were attempting to skirt around the patents owned by James Watt. William Murdoch had developed a model steam carriage, starting in 1784, and demonstrated it to Trevithick in 1794. Trevithick thus knew that recent improvements in the manufacturing of boilers meant that they could now cope with much higher steam pressure than before. By using high pressure steam in his experimental engines, Trevithick was able to make them smaller, lighter, and more manageable.

Trevithick constructed high pressure working models of both stationary and locomotive engines that were so successful that in 1799 he built a full scale, high pressure engine for hoisting ore. The used steam was vented out through a chimney into the atmosphere, bypassing watt’s patents. Later, he built a full size locomotive that he called puffing devil. On December 24, 1801, this bizarre-looking machine successfully carried several passengers on a journey up Camborne hill in Cornwall. Despite objections from watt and others about dangers of high pressure steam, Trevithick’s work ushered in a new era of mechanical power and transport.