Imagine that one day our Ozone layer was disappeared. What will happen? How long can we survive without it?  The Ozone layer is a region of Earth’s atmosphere that contains a high concentration of Ozone (O₃). Ozone is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms. It is found in the lower portion of Earth’s atmosphere. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun’s ultraviolet rays. Direct exposure to UV rays can cause serious skin problems including sun burn, skin cancer, premature ageing of the skin, solar elastosis. It can also cause eye problems and can ruin our immune system.

  The depletion of ozone layer was first observed by a Dutch chemist Paul crutzen. He described the Ozone depletion by demonstrating the reaction of nitrogen oxide with oxygen atoms which slowing the creation of Ozone (O₃). Later in 1974, American chemists Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland observed that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) molecules emitted by man-made machines like refrigerators, air conditioners and airplanes could be the major source of chlorine in the atmosphere. One chorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. Not all chlorine molecules contribute to ozone layer depletion; chlorine from swimming pool, sea salt, industrial plants, and volcanoes does not reach the stratosphere. The ozone hole in Antarctica is one of the largest and deepest depletion which was discovered by the British scientists. This became worldwide headlines after that. According to NASA scientist Paul Newman, if this depletion continues in this rate our ozone layer can be likely disappeared in 2065. If that happens UV rays from sun directly reach earth and cause severe health issues, Humans can last 3 months and plants may die in 2 weeks because of heavy UV radiation. Thus Earth will become inhabitable.

 Fortunately in 1987, Montreal protocol was made that bans chlorofluorocarbon and other chemicals that cause ozone depletion. Surprisingly it works, researches made in 2018tells that the ozone layer is repairing itself at a rate of 1% to 3% per decade since 2000. Still it will take at least 50 years for complete recovery. The greenhouse effect allows the short wave radiation of sunlight to pass through the atmosphere to earth’s surface but makes it difficult for heat in the form of long wave radiation to escape. This effect blankets the earth and keeps our planet at a reasonable temperature to support life. Earth radiated energy, of which about 90 percent is absorbed by atmospheric gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and others. Absorbed energy is radiated back to the surface and warms earth’s lower atmosphere.

The gases have come to be called greenhouse gases because they hold in light and heat, just as a greenhouse does for the sake of the plants inside. Greenhouse gases are essential to life, not only at an appropriate balance point. These gases increased during the 20t century due to industrial activity and fossil fuel emissions. For example, the concentration of carbon dioxide I the atmosphere have recently been growing by about 1.4 percent annually. This increase in greenhouse gases is one of the contributors to be observed patterns of global warming. On September 16^thworld ozone day, we can celebrate our success. But we must all push to keep hold of these gains, in particular by remaining vigilant and tackling any illegal sources of ozone depleting substances as they arise, says UN ozonesecretariat. So without the Montreal protocol, life on earth could be a question mark, so keep working hard. “OZONE FOR LIFE”.

In 1834, Robert Anderson of Scotland created the first electric car carriage. The following year, a small electric car was built by the team of professor Stratingh of Groningen, Holland and his assistant, Christopher Becker. More practical electric vehicles were brought onto the road by both American Thomas davenport and Scotsman Robert Davidson in 1842. Both of these inventors introduced non rechargeable electric cells in the electric car. The Parisian engineer Charles Jentaud fitted a carriage with an electric motor in 1881. William Edward Ayrton and John Perry, professors at the London’s city and guilds institute, began road trails with an electrical tricycle in 1882; Three years later a battery-driven electric cab serviced Brighton.

Around 1900, internal combustion engines were only one of three competing technologies for propelling cars. Steam engines were used, while electric vehicles were clean, quiet, and did not smell. In the United States, electric cabs dominated in major cities for several years. The electric vehicle did not fail because of the limited range of batteries or their weight. Historian Michel Schiffer and others maintain, rather, that failed business strategies were more important. Thus, most moor cars in the twentieth century relied on internal combustion, except for niche applications such as urban deliveries. At the end of the century, after several efforts from small manufactures, general motors’ made available on all electric vehicle called EV1 from 1996 to 2003. In the late 1990s, Toyota and Honda introduced hybrid vehicles combining internal combustion engines and batteries.

Entrepreneur Elon Musk is the man behind many modern innovations. It includes the digital payment service PayPal, the independent space travel company SpaceX, and the electric car company tesla motors. Tesla moors is named after Nikola Tesla, a Serbian American inventor who contributed to the development f alternating current electricity. In 2003 two Silicon Valley engineers, Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning sold their eBook business for 187 million dollars and started Tesla to build a greener car. Elon musk joined as an early investor leading the series finance and taking on several other roles as well. Tesla’s plan was simple but potentially genius. They focused on lithium-ion batteries which they expected to get cheaper and more powerful for many years. They planned to start their journey with a high margin, high performance sports car. Tesla also planned to integrate energy generation and storage in the home and develop other emerging technologies like autonomous vehicles.

With this plan set, the company was ready to build a high performance low volume sports car, the roadster. Finally in 2008 Tesla motors released its first car, the completely electric roadster. In 2008, martin and marc left the company, and eventually Elon Musk took over as CEO. He made drastic changes, raising 40 million of debt financing and borrowed 465 million from the US government. In 2012 tesla started focusing on two new cars, model S and model X. beginning in 2012, tesla built stations called supercharges in the United States and Europe, designed for charging batteries quickly and at no extra cost to tesla owners. These two models were poised for success but the high cost of lithium ion batteries made it a luxury item. To compensate this, in 2013, tesla began building large factories called Gigafactories to produce lithium ion batteries and cars n large scale. It made tesla cars ultimately cheaper than gas powered vehicles. Then tesla gave autopilot system for its model S which gives semi autonomous capacities. By the end of 2017 tesla passed ford in market value. Tesla released another crossover he model Y, in 2020. The model Y was smaller and less expensive than the model X and shared many parts with the model 3. Tesla announced several models to be released in the future, including a second version of the Roadster, a Semi trailer truck, a Pick-up truck and the Cybertruck.

Review of book

Mrityunjaya is the autobiography of Karna. Indian novelist Shivaji Sawant provides a deep exploration of Karna’s life in this novel. Due to this novel, he is also known as Mrutyunjaykaar.

There is the Sun on the cover of the novel. The chariot wheel of a heroic warrior is stuck in the golden rays of that glorious sun. That warrior is Karna. This cover depicts the curse that Karna received when he was studying at Parashuram.

The short complementary of the author is written on the back cover. And the image of murtidevi award which was received in 1996 for this book is printed.

Mrityunjay is the novel of the autobiography of Karna who is also known as Suryaputra, Sutputra, Radhey, Kauntey, and many more names. Mrityunjaya means the one who conquers death. This name seems beautiful to Karna. He was the only brave warrior who donated despite being on the verge of death. Lord Krishna blessed him that a generous warrior like you has never happened before and will not happen again.

In this book, along with Suryaputra Karna, the life of his friend that is Yuvraj Duryodhana, Rajmata Kunti, Lord Krishna, brother Shona and dear wife Vrushali who practiced Pativrata Dharma is also briefly narrated.

When Rajmata Kunti was vergin, sage Durvas saw her devotion and gave her the Devahuti mantra. The power by which she recites the mantra, power will stand as a slave in human form and produce a son like him. One morning she looked at the sun and recited a mantra. And Karna was born a few days later. Kunti and her maid Dhatri put him in a box and released him into the river Ganges. While washing horses, that box got to Adhiratha, the charioteer of Dhritarashtra in Hastinapur. And later, Adhirath and his wife Radha took care of Karna.

He did not get maternal happiness even after birth. He had to endure endless hardships and sufferings. He expressed a wish to Krishna that his last rites should be performed by Krishna in the virgin land so that others like him would not suffer.

Many in the world may have donated, but he knew how to make such a thrilling, lofty, devoted, unparalleled donation alone at the door of death. The first Pandava, the eldest Kaunteya, the son of the sun…

When Lord Indra came in the guise of a Brahmin and asked him to donate his armor. Karna gave it without hesitation. Even knowing that it will cause his death‼!

In modern times, no one pays attention to sad people. The poor are getting poorer and the rich are getting richer. We should try to solve the grief of the miserable people in our society. Shivaji Sawant has tried to give justice to the Karna who have not received justice in the past.

We should donate in our own way. Sawant has written this novel in the hope of trying to understand the grief of the bereaved.

Amid threats of the Russian invasion, netizens took to Twitter to share their fears that the Russia-Ukraine crisis might trigger a World War 3 like situation.

Russia’s declaration of war on Ukraine has prompted outrage from across the world with nations and people alike condemning President Vladimir Putin’s act. 

While he has claimed that it’s a military action in Ukraine, explosions could be heard soon after in the capital Kyiv and other parts of the country. Putin also called on Ukrainian service members to “lay down their arms and go home”, adding that the special military action was meant for “demilitarisation and denazification” of Ukraine. 

As his statement comes amid Ukraine facing threats of the Russian invasion, netizens also took to Twitter to share their fears that the Russia-Ukraine crisis might trigger a World War 3 like situation.     While several shared a serious concern of Russia’s attack on Ukraine, others posted funny memes, trying to make light of the ensuing situation. null

The Russia-Ukraine crisis 

Russia declared war on Ukraine on Thursday, February 24 with Russian President Vladimir Putin calling it a military operation.

Putin has also warned other nations not to interfere with the Russian action as it would result in “consequences they have never seen”. Soon after his announcement, big explosions were witnessed in Ukraine’s Kyiv, Kharkiv and other regions.

Later, air sirens also went off in Kyiv, indicating that the capital is under attack. Meanwhile, Ukraine has closed its air space for civilian flights due to a “high risk” to safety amid Russia’s declaration of war on the country. Besides, The United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting at the request of Ukraine on Wednesday night. 

On February 21, Russia recognised the independence of two separatist regions in eastern Ukraine after President Vladimir Putin signed decrees to recognise Ukraine’s regions of “Luhansk and Donetsk People’s Republics” as “independent”.  

The move escalated tensions in the region, heightening fears of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Putin also ordered Russian soldiers into eastern Ukraine in what the Kremlin termed a “peacekeeping” mission in the Moscow-backed regions.

Source: Google

Importance of Exersice and meditation

All of us want a healthy and happy life. but how to get it? Regular exercise for the body and meditation for the mind are mood boosters. It is very helpful for a happy life. and all of us want it. let’s start with exercise,

Physical exercise means the exercise of our limbs. this exercise is essential for a good personality and healthy life. To enjoy every moment of life and make our mind happy our health is important. because mind and body are complementary to each other. A healthy mind grows only in a healthy body. so it is said that HEALTH IS WEALTH.

Exercise is of different kinds. walking, swimming, rowing, riding, and playing games also. the asanas and yoga are also good for youngsters. walking is the simple and the best form of exercise. it is good for old and diseased people. Exercise helps us to digest our food and the blood to circulate. A man who takes regular exercise enjoys good health. Good health keeps a man cheerful. Cheerfulness is necessary for the proper concentration of mind. morning and evening time is best for exercise.

Meditation is used to develop an awareness of the present moment. It is done to sharpen focus and attention, connect to the body and develop acceptance of difficult emotions and even alter consciousness. It has a number of physical and psychological benefits like stress reduction and improved immunity. It is a habitual process. It is to increase awareness of yourself and your surrounding. Meditation develops a positive mood, discipline yourself, healthy sleep patterns,s and promotes good emotional health.

physical exercise is essential for a healthy body while meditation strengthens our mind. so regularly 30 min exercise gives healthy and happy life. It’s the secret. A beggar with good health is happier and luckier than a king with poor health.

I totally agree with the statement that media act as a objective information provider as in the age of technology it’s very easy to have a connection with the world and that is possible only with the help of media that in the busy life of people media act as a informer it’s very easy to read news articles or any sensation going on with the help of our phones laptops newspaper etc The concept of media has reached to its new sensation there are different forms of media available now a days which is very easy access for example. 1.Facebook- Facebook is world’s largest social media network more than 1.55 billion people are monthly active users of Facebook. It helps you to exchange messages as well as update your photos and profile including updates of latest news and information and different advertisement of the brand pages are also included in this tool. 2.Blogging- These platforms help you how to make your writing a voice for the nation where you can discuss your ideas or show your opinion in favor or against of any specific topics for discussion. 3.Twitter- It is a platform which allows blogging and to stay connected with different updates of the world 4.Instagram- One of the famous app of this generation has to be Instagram which allows you to update your pictures with filters and frames as well as share your ideas for different social networking sites and issues in the world. 5.YouTube- It allows you to put creative content on the media platforms with a significant message which device helps people to understand things more clearly with the help of visual aids, characters and more added to it. Media acts as a catalyst for our democratic society and helps in development as it is said to be the “FOURTH PILLAR OF COUNTRY”, helping to make public participation meaningful. If media is honest and committed in its job, democracy is bound to function more efficiently. On the topic if media is biased, corrupt and favours only a particular party or few individuals, it can prove to be very dangerous for the smooth functioning of democracy. Media is one of the part and parcels of everyone’s life it helps people to get updated with the things going around the world. There are a lot of examples where media act as an information provider Media’s role during election:- Media access and covers elections for judging whether elections are fair. During election period media increasingly Practises a combination of statistical analysis and the techniques of media studies to measure media’s roles in an election. Media ensures democratic electoral processes like: 1. Media as transparency. 2. Media as public educator. 3. Media as open firm for debate and discussion/ public voice. It acts an intermediate between government and people which makes them aware about each other. It is one of the best ways to spread awareness on any political views ,issues and problems and helps the public in exercising their rights. It helps in exercising the freedom of speech. It covers the protest for different movements to answer the right and wrong like “BETI BACHAO BETI PADHAO” , `AATMNIRBHAR BHART’ ‘ Let’s talk about the second example India act as a information provider media’s role during covid-19:- When lockdown was imposed suddenly in the country , it created a havoc among the wage workers who were living far away from their home as they had to travel long miles walking as no transportation Facilities were available because of the lockdown. Here, media played a crucial role in covering the painful scenario of these wage workers as a result of which many people came forward to help these needy people reach their homes safely. But it is not true that always media acts as an information provider sometime media goes bias with their opinion which is the problem we were facing during the hathras case which I have mentioned below:- Recently, there was a case from Hathras, Uttar Pradesh where a teenager girl was raped there was no such high coverage for this news . Here, media acted ignorant and they were more distracted Towards the SSR case i.e. ”news for sale or news for TRP rather than news for awareness or news for justice”. But living in the age of internet media’s toil was taken by social media where people By their posts and tweets raised their voices for justice. The disadvantages of the media include a risk of inaccurate reporting and a loss of privacy. Sometime, in a rush to be the first to break a story, the media puts out incorrect or inaccurate information. Media is acting biased and ignorant whenever there is a coverage against the government. Nowadays, truth is overshadowed by the TRP of the news channels. Media are now more focused towards the news for sale than news for awareness. There are various positive feature of media we develop lots of ideas and knowledge it benefits us in a lot of waves with the magnification source of education in just seconds. It made communication easier distance are not a limitation now with the help of this it makes interaction very ease compared to other platforms. Another in advantage that it provides a platform for young aspiring artists to showcase their skills and talents. It provides possibilities of employment Serves Company who want to promote their trademarks. It is known as the hub of information; you can get all information throughout the world with just a snap. Having such a huge advantage social media has also lead to one of the most dangerous element of the society the use of social media control the whole aspect of your life it makes you isolated drives children as a victim of social anxiety the addiction of social media is very common in youth they cross any extremities to be recognized in these digital platforms they follow all the hypes and trends just to make them self-fit in the media world. Fake news disturbs the mind of the civilians people get obsessed with the media tools and become the victim of this hy The sensation of latest new trend of mass communication has both loss and gain it helps to create good knowledge skills but at the same time are dangerous for the youth to follow any hype to be fit it is easiest way of communication but one of the largest platforms to spread rumors and fake news. Things come down to, it is your choice to make it work as the benefited form of hub of knowledge or to get wrapped in the dark side of this world. As an informer it should supply information in true and unbiased form and let the public choose, what may be right in their interest. Media makes us aware of various social, political and economical activity happening around the world. It plays a crucial role in shaping a healthy democracy. It is like a mirror which shows us or strive to show us the bare truth and harsh realities. It is the backbone of democracy. No one can become perfect but the media can rise upon the aspirations of the people for which it is primarily meant.

Three years down the lane Ashok at this time was busy getting ready to college, he closed the doors dusted his bicycle and was about to leave but he sensed something missing thought for a while and left without further ado and while on his way he realized he left his face-mask at his room but that didn’t bother him much and he felt relieved after realizing the thing he was missing and he reached his college on time and yes who could have gone back home just for a mask and be late for his English classes. Ofcourse no one.

Today,Ashok was going to the market for purchasing his usual fruits and vegetables,he took a clothbag, closed the door ,dusted his bicycle and was about to leave when he sensed something missing, the watch as usual was on his wrist, mobile as usual in the pocket, clothbag in the handle but still something was missing.He closed the gates being absorbed in that thought but when he saw his neighbour, he left his bicycle on the road and ran into his house, opened his door, took his face-mask and kept the sanitizer in his pocket and now he felt relieved not just of the thought that clouded his mind but of his, his family and his neighbourhood being safe.

 CORONAVIRUS-WHOM DOES IT AFFECT THE MOST THE RICH OR THE POOR ?

It was Wuhan Institute of Virology from where the Virus leaked but who in this world is affected the most?
You would have heard people say that Corona doesn’t differentiate between rich and poor and Yes you have heard that right it’s both that can be prone to it.
But how can you be prone to something if you evade it, yes that’s what the uber-rich or the multi-millionaires of India did, they escaped from the harrowing situation during the Second wave of Covid. No, I would be happy that they had an option to fly to distant part of the world and save them and their bosom ones when their own people were suffocating ,were gasping with low levels of oxygen. The country saw them leaving in masks and shield who were only to return when the situation would be suitable for them through their “private jets.”They evaded so they are not at risk from this deadly mutants.

Next comes the ones who are a little less rich, the upper class and the upper middle class people who are shamefully and utter negligently crowding in the hilly areas when our country is recovering from the second wave but on the gateway to the third one. If memory is what we are blessed with, then the ones now gathered at the top seem to be devoid of it. They seek respite not in villages with poor offering help but with buddies in Hills getting a life. They are the ones that are privileged, they are the ones who saw funeral pyres on television and social media sites but they neglect the truth.

The middle class and the poor suffered the most neither could they escape from this country neither could they relax after the second wave in hill stations. They lost their jobs, returned home empty-handed to their wives and children doing with just savings.

It’s just a rhetoric to say that Virus doesn’t differentiate between rich and poor. Reality is that the rich have an option and poor ones don’t.

National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) is the leading stock exchange of India, located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is under the ownership of Some leading financial institutions, Banks, and Insurance companies. NSE was established in 1992 as the first dematerialized electronic exchange in the country. NSE was the first exchange in the country to provide a modern, fully automated screen-based electronic trading system that offered easy trading facilities to investors spread across the length and breadth of the country. Vikram Limaye is Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer of NSE.National Stock ExchangeNational Stock Exchange of India (NSE).

National Stock Exchange has a total market capitalization of more than US$3 trillion, making it the world’s 9th-largest stock exchange as of May 2021. NSE’s flagship index, the NIFTY 50, a 50 stock index is used extensively by investors in India and around the world as a barometer of the Indian capital market. The NIFTY 50 index was launched in 1996 by NSE.However, Vaidyanathan (2016) estimates that only about 4% of the Indian economy / GDP is actually derived from the stock exchanges in India.

history of NSE.

National Stock Exchange was incorporated in the year 1992 to bring about transparency in the Indian equity markets. Instead of trading memberships being confined to a group of brokers, NSE ensured that anyone who was qualified, experienced, and met the minimum financial requirements was allowed to trade. In this context, NSE was ahead of its time when it separated ownership and management of the exchange under SEBI’s supervision.

NSE was set up by a group of leading Indian financial institutions at the behest of the Government of India to bring transparency to the Indian capital market. Based on the recommendations laid out by the Pherwani committee, NSE was established with a diversified shareholding comprising domestic and global investors. The key domestic investors include Life Insurance Corporation, State Bank of India, IFCI Limited, IDFC Limited and Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited. Key global investors include Gagil FDI Limited, GS Strategic Investments Limited, SAIF II SE Investments Mauritius Limited, Aranda Investments (Mauritius) Pte Limited, and PI Opportunities Fund I.

The exchange was incorporated in 1992 as a tax-paying company and was recognized as a stock exchange in 1993 under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, when P. V. Narasimha Rao was the Prime Minister of India and Manmohan Singh was the Finance Minister. NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The capital market (equities) segment of the NSE commenced operations in November 1994, while operations in the derivatives segment commenced in June 2000. NSE offers trading, clearing and settlement services in equity, equity derivative, debt, commodity derivatives, and currency derivatives segments. It was the first exchange in India to introduce an electronic trading facility thus connecting the investor base of the entire country. NSE has 2500 VSATs and 3000 leased lines spread over more than 2000 cities across India.

Markets of NSE.

Equity Derivatives EditThe National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) commenced trading in derivatives with the launch of index futures on 12 June 2000. The futures and options segment of NSE has made a global mark. In the Futures and Options segment, trading in the NIFTY 50 Index, NIFTY IT index, NIFTY Bank Index, NIFTY Next 50 index, and single stock futures are available. Trading in Mini Nifty Futures & Options and Long term Options on NIFTY 50 are also available.[14] The average daily turnover in the F&O Segment of the Exchange during the financial year April 2013 to March 2014 stood at ₹1.52236 trillion (US$21 billion).

Equity Derivatives.

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) commenced trading in derivatives with the launch of index futures on 12 June 2000. The futures and options segment of NSE has made a global mark. In the Futures and Options segment, trading in the NIFTY 50 Index, NIFTY IT index, NIFTY Bank Index, NIFTY Next 50 index, and single stock futures are available. Trading in Mini Nifty Futures & Options and Long term Options on NIFTY 50 are also available.^[14] The average daily turnover in the F&O Segment of the Exchange during the financial year April 2013 to March 2014 stood at ₹1.52236 trillion (US$21 billion).

On 29 August 2011, National Stock Exchange launched derivative contracts on the world’s most-followed equity indices, the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average. NSE is the first Indian exchange to launch global indices. This is also the first time in the world that futures contracts on the S&P 500 index were introduced and listed on an exchange outside of their home country, the USA. The new contracts include futures on both the DJIA and the S&P 500 and options on the S&P 50

Interest Rate Futures.

In December 2013, exchanges in India received approval from market regulator SEBI for launching interest rate futures (IRFs) on a single GOI bond or a basket of bonds that will be cash-settled. Market participants have been in favor of the product being cash-settled and being available on a single bond. NSE will launch the NSE Bond Futures on 21 January on highly liquid 7.16 percent and 8.83 percent 10-year GOI bonds. Interest Rate Futures were introduced in India by NSE on 31 August 2009, exactly one year after the launch of Currency Futures. NSE became the first stock exchange to get approval for interest-rate futures, as recommended by the SEBI-RBI committee.

Debt Market.

On 13 May 2013, NSE launched India’s first dedicated debt platform to provide a liquid and transparent trading platform for debt-related products

The Debt segment provides an opportunity for retail investors to invest in corporate bonds on a liquid and transparent exchange platform. It also helps institutions that are holders of corporate bonds. It is an ideal platform to buy and sell at optimum prices and help Corporates to get adequate demand when issue bonds.

Financial literacy of NSE.

NSE has collaborated with several universities like Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics (GIPE), Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University (BVDU), Pune, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, the Ravenshaw University of Cuttack and Punjabi University, Patiala, among others to offer MBA and BBA courses. NSE has also provided mock market simulation software called NSE Learn to Trade (NLT) to develop investment, trading, and portfolio management skills among the students.[20] The simulation software is very similar to the software currently being used by the market professionals and helps students to learn how to trade in the markets.

NSE also conducts online examinations and awards certification, under its Certification in Financial Markets (NCFM) programs.[21] At present, certifications are available in 46 modules, covering different sectors of financial and capital markets, both at the beginner and advanced levels. The list of various modules can be found at the official site of NSE India. In addition, since August 2009, it has offered a short-term course called NSE Certified Capital Market Professional (NCCMP).[22] The NCCMP or NSE Certified Capital Market Professional is a 100-hour program for over 3–4 months, conducted at the colleges, and covers theoretical and practical training in subjects related to the capital markets. NCCMP covers subjects like equity markets, debt markets, derivatives, macroeconomics, technical analysis, and fundamental analysis. Successful candidates are awarded joint certification from NSE and the concerned.

Due to covid-19 period there has been a lot of differences in real work as well as virtual work. As we know that due to pandemic the style of doing work in industries affected a lot and also changed the lifestyle of the people. But pandemic is just a one part which affect the style of work if we think of the other side that is developing technologies is the other concern for the future of work. Consider Artificial Intelligence which is automating several jobs in all the sectors, especially for the low skilled labors. So due this low-wage workers will become jobless. There is a need to reskill them to keep them employed. New technologies such as blockchain, Internet of things have so much of potential to create plenty of employment opportunities. The jobs which will be there in the future are present today but the main concern is that they are not accessible for all. There is need to bridge the skills gap. Otherwise ,rich-poor inequalities will increased at a rapid rate. Future jobs will demand more skills as compared to present jobs. Future jobs will be more of technology based and it will create new job opportunities for new recruitment. Example – Cybersecurity jobs, Food deliveries etc. At present many workers are fighting towards exploitation of workers and human work culture, it is expected that the future of work will be more humane. Most of the companies will follow ethical practices such as minimum wage rule, ethical work hours etc. The future companies will be more customer-centric. Customer Happiness will be the integral to the success of the company.

The Future of work demand upskilling and reskilling of many workers .It is important to train low-skilled and unskilled people to prevent them from becoming jobless. It is expected that the future of work is going to be more humane and ethical.

By Anshiki Jadia

A magazine for children that tells stories through pictures which is often combined with text or other visual information.

History of fun

India’s comic industry began in the mid-1960s when the leading newspaper The Times of India launched Indrajal Comics. Mid 1960s saw syndicated strips like The Phantom, Mandrake being translated to Indian languages.

In the late 1960s, evolution of Indian comics came in the form of Amar Chitra Katha which contained 100% Indian content. In

1970, Indians most popular comic character Chacha Chaudhary was brought to life through Hindi magazine Lot pot. The popularity of Chacha Chaudhary, Pran Kumar Sharma’s stories went on to be translated in over 10 different languages.

1980s saw the entrance of several unforgettable and original characters, magazines and publishing houses like Tinkle magazine was founded.

Chacha Chaudhary’s entry into the world of Diamond comics. The arrival of Raj comics.

Around 1992, A Raj Comics issue titled Nagaraj aur Bughaku and super commando Dhruva and sold more than 9 lakh copies within 3 months of its launch, becoming the bestselling Indian Comic ever.

Manoj Comics, another one of India’s leading comic book houses, also published more than 365 comics within a year in the ‘90s, thereby implying that there was a time in the era readers actually had one new comic book to read every single day.  

There was a major decline in the sales of comic books by the late ‘90s and most Indian comic book companies were forced out of the game. The reason was rise in technology. After 2000, only Amar chitra Katha, diamond comics and raj comics were left.

After few years of struggling to revive Indian comic culture, comic companies were able to revive the culture through the birth of virgin comics, bullseye press, graphic India. Also in 2004, Web toons (a publishing portal) was launched which is a home to thousands of digital comics of different genre.

Famous Indian Comic Characters

Chacha Chaudhary is one of most favorite comic character that was created by pran Kumar Sharma. Chacha Chaudhary is a middle class Indian, frail but an extremely intelligent elder. The usual villains of Chacha Chaudhary are corrupt government officials, thieves, roadside goons & bullies, tricksters, cons and local thugs. He not only fights them and helps the common man but also teaches them moral lessons and good behavior.

Shakti is Goddess Kali’s transcending incarnation. Kali is the destroyer of demons and the last word in woman-power. She has a raging desire to get justice for women in this man’s world. The distress cries from any woman, anywhere in the world, turn her ordinary self of Chanda into a ferocious killer known as Shakti. Shakti is Maha Kali – Great Kali.

The Bahadur series focused a lot on dacoits. Bahadur himself was the son of a dacoit Bhairav Singh, who died in combat with Police. Bahadur, then a teenager, was adopted by Vishal, the police officer. Upon growing up, Bahadur set up the Citizen’s Security Force. Though Bahadur dealt with many kinds of villains, he displayed a much softer corner towards dacoits trying to rehabilitate them.

Shambu is a cowardly and lazy shikari (hunter) whom the rest of the world perceives as courageous. He always tries to run away from dangerous animals, but due to some stroke of luck always ends up as a hero. He lives with his wife Shanti. In The   Legend of Shikari Shambu (Tinkle Magazine No.573), it was revealed that Shambu, before being called “Shikari” Shambu, fell on a tiger and knocked him out. It was after this incident that he got the name “Shikari” Shambu.

Reasons Behind Failure Of Indian Comics

• The publishers don’t know the difference between inspiration and copy.
• Indians prefer watching over reading. (mostly free)
• No resource for new creator.
• Pressure of family and society.

Conclusion

For every 90’s kid, comic books were like a family member but today’s generation prefers online platforms for reading rather than seating and reading books. Many of them do not understand the thrill one feels while reading books.

But now, many Indian comic books have digitalized themselves and also have websites or apps for their fan so that They can access to the content. Now it’s our job to let get them past us devices and introduce it to young generation.

Now the coffee leaves are sell as beverage

Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from coffee beans. Coffee is a regular part of our lifestyle. It is prepared from fermented beans. Coffee contains various useful nutrients including riboflavin(B2), Niacin(B3), Magnesium, Potassium, and various phenolic compounds, antioxidants.

Coffee was first used as a beverage in Ethiopia. It is the origin country of coffee. In the seventeenth-century Baba Budan introduced coffee to India. He smuggled seven beans to India from Yemen. These beans are planted in the Chandragiri Hills of Karnataka. After that coffee is planted and grew up as an industrial beverage. Normally coffee is produced from beans by fermentation. The process is started with coffee cherries. Raw cherries are collected and dried. after that, the fruit pulp is removed. and the beans are fermented. when the beans become dark brown they are ready to sell.

Now the coffee leaves are also used as a beverage. The CFTRI(Central Food Technological Research Institute) Principal Pushpa P Murthy and team invented coffee leaves beverage for sale. They are working since 2019. Now they received grants from food processing industries of the union government. After collecting the beans take around 9 months time to come to the market. It is a loss for coffee-producing farmers because it takes so a long time. so this new invention is very helpful for the harvester.

This coffee leaf beverage is common in Indonesia and Ethiopia. but the method of making beverages is different. this beverage is made with water, Filtered, and consumed after few minutes. It doesn’t taste like coffee but it has various health benefits. This drink is rich in phenolic compounds. it has 17% more antioxidant properties than green tea. It helps to reduce blood glucose levels and is also used in inflammation and blood pressure.
It is revolutionaries to the coffee industry. So enjoy your cup of coffee with lots of health benefits.