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Pronam to Vallalar on his Death Anniversary: Great Saint, Poet and Human being

From the ancient period onwards many saints were born in India in different periods. Many literatures are also available about them but we should remember them time to time so that young generations and children know about their teachings and activities One famous saint who was not only popular in India but also in the world is Arutprakasa Vallalar Chidambaram Ramalingam born on Sunday, 5 October 1823, at Marudhur village near Chidambaram, present Tamil Nadu.  Vallalar was the fifth child of Sri Ramayya and Smt Chinnammai. On 30 January 1874 i.e. exactly 147 years ago he left for heavenly abode.

   His pre-monastic name was Ramalinga, but popularly known in India and across the world as Vallalar, also known as Ramalinga Vallalar/ Ramalinga Adigal. He was not only a famous Saint and also one of the renowned Tamil poets of the 19th Century. From childhood and even while he was infant endowed with many events which depict he was a saint. During infancy while praying with parents at Thillai temple, a priest saw Vallalar mesmerised with God and was smiling.  He loved privacy and spent most of his time in the temple.

Important teachings of Vallalar inter alia are:

1. Form of God is Arutperunjothi (Supreme grace of light).

2. Love is the master key to spirituality.

3. Religious ceremony has no meaning.

4. Meditation is the form of prayer.

5. Realisation of truth in all religions.

6. Caste and other social divisions have no meaning.

   He was a great human being and was against the Caste system as he severely condemned the rituals and caste beliefs. He endorsed the widespread love and brotherhood. According to him hunger and poverty are the two main enemies of the society and till across the world mainly in developing countries hunger and poverty are considered as curses for the human beings. As an academician and worked as a rural development functionary I have observed ‘Absolute Poverty’ in some countries in Asia and Africa.  For the benefit of readers, I wish to mention that ‘Absolute Poverty’ means the people do not have minimum income to lead normal lives and to meet basic needs.

Anyway   Vallalar was a righteous person and his motto was service to human beings that is why in order to conduct prayer constructed a Sathyagnana Sabha. According to him, “This sabha is a common place for everyone, who follows San maargam (good way)”. He also founded Sathya Dharmasala at Vadalur to feed the poor people, indicating his feelings for the poor echelons of the society. It is pertinent to mention that the Sathya Dharmasala provides food to everyone, irrespective of caste and religion throughout the year, undoubtedly a praiseworthy initiative. Vallalar showed his love and mercy not only to human beings but also on plants, insects, birds and animals. This is called “Jeeva Karunya” (Mercy to life). Also it is noteworthy to mention that, one of the primary teachings of Vallalar is ‘Service to mankind is the path of Moksha’ and per Collins dictionary ‘Moksha means freedom from the endless cycle of transmigration into a state of bliss’.  The path of compassion and mercy are the only path to God. Keeping this in mind, in 1872, he established ‘Sathya Gnana Sabai’, i.e. ‘Hall of True wisdom Forum’. It is pertinent to mention that his devotional songs have been compiled in a volume called ‘Thiru Arutpa’.

Pronam to the  great saint on this date of his death anniversary on 30 January 2021  as he made an indelible mark in the history of India by teaching us love and compassion to human beings  without considering caste, and other social issues and also taught us to serve the needy and poor who are in distress. 

The following websites have been consulted while writing the article:

1)  https://www.jaisrinarasimha.com/gurumarghal.php?lang_type=en&guru=rama

2)   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramalinga_Swamigal

3)   http://www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in/Books/08/SocSci-EM/History/chapter_6.pdf

4)   https://myschoolmystudents.blogspot.com/2019/02/samarasa-suddha-sangam-

      1865.html

5)   http://www.vallalardeivanilayam.org/

(The author extends his thanks to Dr. P. Natarajamurthy, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu for his support by providing necessary information)

               Dr Shankar Chatterjee, Hyderabad

Punishing An Adolescent Boy Who Enters Into A Relationship With A Minor Girl

In a balanced, bold and brilliant judgment titled Vijayalakshmi & Anr. v. State & Anr. in Crl.O.P.No.232 of 2021 and Crl.M.P.No.109 of 2021 delivered on January 27, 2021, the Madras High Court minced no words to state unequivocally that, “Punishing an adolescent boy who enters into a relationship with a minor girl by treating him as an offender, was never the objective of POCSO Act.” The remarks were made while highlighting the rampant misuse of the POCSO Act by families for prosecuting the partner of their teenage daughters. A single Judge Bench of Justice N Anand Venkatesh therefore insisted that the legislature must keep pace with the changing societal needs and bring about necessary changes in law and more particularly in a stringent law such as the POCSO Act.

To start with, the ball is set rolling by first and foremost pointing out in para 1 about the intent of the petition that, “This petition has been filed seeking to quash the proceedings pending in Special S.C.No.24 of 2018 on the file of the learned Sessions Judge, Mahila Court (Fast Track Mahila Court) Erode.” 
As we see, it is then stated aptly in para 2 that, “This is a very peculiar petition that has been filed by the Defacto Complainant and the victim girl, jointly seeking for quashing the proceedings pending against the 2nd Respondent who is facing trial before the Court below for offences under Section 366 of the Indian Penal Code, 1806, Section 6 of the Prevention of Child from Sexual Offences, 2012 (hereinafter referred to as “POSCO Act” or “the Act”) and Section 9 of the Prohibition of the Child Marriage Act, 2006.”
While elaborating further, it is then stated in para 3 that, “It is seen from records that the 2nd Petitioner, victim girl, is well known to the second respondent, and they were in love with each other. Ultimately, they decided to get married and went away from their respective homes and a police complaint came to be filed before the 1st Respondent and the same has now resulted in criminal proceedings against the 2nd Respondent before the Court below.”
As it turned out, the Bench then states in para 4 that, “Ms. Doulagh Nisha, Inspector of Police was present at the time of hearing through video conferencing and she informed this Court that the petitioners have approached her and informed her that they do not want to continue further with the criminal proceedings against the 2nd Respondent. It was informed to her that the 1st Petitioner wants her daughter to get married and that the same is getting delayed due to the criminal proceedings, thereby only causing more mental agony to the Petitioners.”
To put things in perspective, it is then envisaged in para 5 that, “The Defacto Complainant and the victim girl were also present at the time of hearing through video conferencing. This Court examined the victim girl and she stated that there was a love affair between herself and the 2nd Respondent and that she is not willing to undergo this agony any further and wanted the criminal proceedings to be quashed.” 
Adding more to it, it is then laid bare in para 7 that, “The father of the victim girl who was examined as PW1 also did not support the case of the prosecution and he was treated as a hostile witness.”
Still further adding more, it is then brought out in para 8 that, “The mother of the victim girl was also present at the time of hearing through video conferencing. She stated that let bygones be bygones, she wants her daughter to get married and settled in life. She further stated that she is not interested in pursuing the criminal proceedings any further and that same can be quashed by this Court.”
Significantly, the Bench then brings out in para 10 that, “This Court is instantaneously reminded of an earlier order passed by a learned Single Judge of this Court, in Sabari v. Inspector of Police reported in 2019 (3) MLJ Crl 110, wherein he had discussed in detail about the cases in which persons of the age group of 16 to 18 years are involved in love affairs and how in some cases ultimately end up in a criminal case booked for an offence under the POSCO Act. The relevant portions of the judgment are extracted here under for proper appreciation: 
“ 21.When this case was taken up for hearing, this Court became concerned about the growing incidence of offences under the POCSO Act on one side and also the Rigorous Imprisonment envisaged in the Act. Sometimes it happens that such offences are slapped against teenagers, who fall victim of the application of the POCSO Act at an young age without understanding the implication of the severity of the enactment.
26.In addition to the above, this Court is of the view that ‘warning’ of attraction of POCSO Act must be displayed before screening of any film, which have teenage characters suggesting relationship between boy and girl.
27.Apart from the above, this Court is of the view that as per the 3rd respondent’s report, majority of cases are due to relationship between adolescent boys and girls. Though under Section 2(d) of the Act, ‘Child’ is defined as a person below the age of 18 years and in case of any love affair between a girl and a boy, where the girl happened to be 16 or 17 years old, either in the school final or entering the college, the relationship invariably assumes the penal character by subjecting the boy to the rigours of POCSO Act. Once the age of the girl is established in such relationship as below 18 years, the boy involved in the relationship is sure to be sentenced 7 years or 10 years as minimum imprisonment, as the case may be.
28. When the girl below 18 years is involved in a relationship with the teen age boy or little over the teen age, it is always a question mark as to how such relationship could be defined, though such relationship would be the result of mutual innocence and biological attraction. Such relationship cannot be construed as an unnatural one or alien to between relationship of opposite sexes. But in such cases where the age of the girl is below 18 years, even though she was capable of giving consent for relationship, being mentally matured, unfortunately, the provisions of the POCSO Act get attracted if such relationship transcends beyond platonic limits, attracting strong arm of law sanctioned by the provisions of POCSO Act, catching up with the so called offender of sexual assault, warranting a severe imprisonment of 7/10 years. 
29.Therefore, on a profound consideration of the ground realities, the definition of ‘Child’ under Section 2(d) of the POCSO Act can be redefined as 16 instead of 18. Any consensual sex after the age of 16 or bodily contact or allied acts can be excluded from the rigorous 46 provisions of the POCSO Act and such sexual assault, if it is so defined can be tried under more liberal provision, which can be introduced in the Act itself and in order to distinguish the cases of teen age relationship after 16 years, from the cases of sexual assault on children below 16 years. The Act can be amended to the effect that the age of the offender ought not to be more than five years or so than the consensual victim girl of 16 years or more. So that the impressionable age of the victim girl cannot be taken advantage of by a person who is much older and crossed the age of presumable infatuation or innocence”.”
More significantly, it is then made clear in para 11 that, “There can be no second thought as to the seriousness of offences under the POCSO Act and the object it seeks to achieve. However, it is also imperative for this Court to draw the thin line that demarcates the nature of acts that should not be made to fall within the scope of the Act, for such is the severity of the sentences provided under the Act, justifiably so, that if acted upon hastily or irresponsibly, it could lead to irreparable damage to the reputation and livelihood of youth whose actions would have been only innocuous. What came to be a law to protect and render justice to victims and survivors of child abuse, can, become a tool in the hands of certain sections of the society to abuse the process of law.”
Equally significant is what is then stated in para 12 that, “As rightly recognized by the Learned Single Judge of this Court in Sabari’s Case (cited supra), incidences where teenagers and young adults fall victim to offences under the POCSO Act being slapped against them without understanding the implication of the severity of the enactment is an issue that brings much concern to the conscience of this Court. A reading of the Statement of Objects and Reasons of the POCSO Act would show that the Act was brought into force to protect children from offences of sexual assault, sexual harassment and pornography, pursuant to Article 15 of the Constitution of India, 1950 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, a large array of cases filed under the POCSO Act seems to be those arising on the basis of complaints registered by the families of adolescents and teenagers who are involved in romantic relationships with each other. The scheme of the Act clearly shows that it did not intend to bring within its scope or ambit, cases of the nature where adolescents or teenagers involved in romantic relationships are concerned.”
It is also worth noting that it is then rightly pointed out in para 16 that, “In light of the above, it is only natural that there are cases of the above-mentioned nature that are on the rise at present and it does not help matters to avoid acknowledging that the society is changing and influencing people’s identity and cognition, constantly. Therefore, painting a criminal colour to this aspect would only serve counter-productively to understanding biosocial dynamics and the need to regulate the same through the process of law.”
Of course, it is then conceded in para 17 that, “This Court is not turning a blind eye to cases where the victim or survivor may, under the effect of trauma that they have undergone, studies on which show that they might tend to reconcile with the same by blaming themselves or convincing themselves that the element of consent was infact present. Nor is this Court scientifically justifying in toto, the genuineness or predicament of the accused in every case where it appears that the accused and victim child have been in a romantic relationship. That will depend on the facts and circumstances of each and every case.” 
Most significantly, it is then made absolutely clear without mincing any words in para 18 that, “In the present case, the 2nd Petitioner who was in a relationship with the 2nd Respondent who is also in his early twenties, has clearly stated that she was the one who insisted that the 2nd Respondent take her away from her home and marry her, due to the pressure exerted by her parents. The 2ndRespondent, who was placed in a very precarious situation decided to concede to the demand of the 2nd Petitioner. Thereafter, they eloped from their respective homes, got married and consummated the marriage. Incidents of this nature keep occurring regularly even now in villages and towns and occasionally in cities. After the parents or family lodge a complaint, the police register FIRs for offences of kidnapping and various offences under the POCSO Act. Several criminal cases booked under the POCSO Act fall under this category. As a consequence of such a FIR being registered, invariably the boy gets arrested and thereafter, his youthful life comes to a grinding halt. The provisions of the POCSO Act, as it stands today, will surely make the acts of the boy an offence due to its stringent nature. An adolescent boy caught in a situation like this will surely have no defense if the criminal case is taken to its logical end. Punishing an adolescent boy who enters into a relationship with a minor girl by treating him as an offender, was never the objective of the POCSO Act. An adolescent boy and girl who are in the grips of their hormones and biological changes and whose decision-making ability is yet to fully develop, should essentially receive the support and guidance of their parents and the society at large. These incidents should never be perceived from an adult’s point of view and such an understanding will in fact lead to lack of empathy. An adolescent boy who is sent to prison in a case of this nature will be persecuted throughout his life. It is high time that the legislature takes into consideration cases of this nature involving adolescents involved in relationships and swiftly bring in necessary amendments under the Act. The legislature has to keep pace with the changing societal needs and bring about necessary changes in law and more particularly in a stringent law such as the POCSO Act.”
Needless to say, it is then stated in no uncertain terms in para 19 that, “The main issue that requires the consideration of this Court is as to whether this Court can quash the criminal proceedings involving non-compoundable offences pending against the second respondent. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Parbathbhai Aahir @ Parbathbhai Vs. State of Gujrath, reported in 2017 9 SCC 641 and in case of The State of Madhya Pradesh Vs. Dhruv Gurjar and Another reported in (2019) 2 MLJ Crl 10, has given sufficient guidelines that must be taken into consideration by this Court while exercising its jurisdiction under Section 482 of Cr.P.C, to quash non-compoundable offences. One very important test that has been laid down is that the Court must necessarily examine if the crime in question is purely individual in nature or a crime against the society with overriding public interest. The Hon’ble Supreme Court has held that offences against the society with overriding public interest even if it gets settled between the parties, cannot be quashed by this Court.”
Truth be told, it is then held in para 20 that, “In the present case, the offences in question are purely individual/personal in nature. It involves the 2ndPetitioner and the 2nd Respondent and their respective families only. It involves the future of two young persons who are still in their early twenties. The second respondent is working as an Auto driver to eke his livelihood. Quashing the proceedings, will not affect any overriding public interest in this case and it will in fact pave way for the 2nd Petitioner and the 2nd Respondent to settle down in their life and look for better future prospects. No useful purpose will be served in continuing with the criminal proceedings and keeping these proceedings pending will only swell the mental agony of the victim girl and her mother and not to forget the 2nd Respondent as well.”
Finally, it is then stated in para 21 that, “In view of the above, this Court is inclined to quash the criminal proceedings in Special S.C.No.24 of 2018 on the file of the learned Sessions Judge, Mahila Court (Fast Track Mahila Court) Erode in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. Accordingly, the same is quashed and this Criminal Original Petition is allowed. Consequently, connected miscellaneous petition is also closed.” 
In totality, what this extremely laudable, learned, landmark and latest judgment delivered by Justice N Anand Venkatesh of the Madras High Court seeks to convey is that, “Punishing an adolescent boy who enters into a relationship with a minor girl by treating him as an offender, was never the objective of POCSO Act.” It cannot be also denied that the Madras High Court in this leading case has also very rightly conceded that there is rampant misuse of the POCSO Act by families for prosecuting the partner of their teenage daughters. This cannot be allowed to go on till perpetuity. A full stop has to be inserted somewhere and this is exactly what the Madras High Court has sought to do in this notable case also! There can certainly be no denying or disputing it! It is also very rightly conceded by the Madras High Court that punishing an adolescent boy who enters into a relationship with a minor girl by treating him as an offender was never the objective of the POCSO Act. It is high time and the law makers must amend the POCSO Act so that the whole life of adolescent boy is not impaired for an act which he did at the adolescent stage! 
Sanjeev Sirohi

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SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SLUMS

Rapid urbanization represents major threats and challenges to personal and public health. The World Health Organisation identifies the ‘urban health threat’ as three-fold: infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases; and violence and injury from, amongst other things, road traffic. Within this tripartite structure of health issues in the built environment, there are multiple individual issues affecting both the developed and the developing worlds and the global north and south.
Reflecting on a broad set of interrelated concerns about health and the design of the places we inhabit, this book seeks to better understand the interconnectedness and potential solutions to the problems associated with health and the built environment. Divided into three key themes: home, city, and society, each section presents a number of research chapters that explore global processes, transformative praxis and emergent trends in architecture, urban design and healthy city research. Drawing together practicing architects, academics, scholars, public health professional and activists from around the world to provide perspectives on design for health, this book includes emerging research on: healthy homes, walkable cities, design for ageing, dementia and the built environment, health equality and urban poverty, community health services, neighbourhood support and wellbeing, urban sanitation and communicable disease, the role of transport infrastructures and government policy, and the cost implications of ‘unhealthy’ cities etc. To that end, this book examines alternative and radical ways of practicing architecture and the re-imagining of the profession of architecture through a lens of human health. 

EDITED BOOK Background

Slums is typically understood to involve all aspects of residential areas. Slums is studied by wide range of schoalrs. They include sociologists, human geographers, public health professionals, architects, planners, and urban designers, to mention just a few.
Sociologists study the life of communities in our cities, towns and neighbourhoods. Human geographers research issues ranging from into the migrations of people from rural to urban to the socio-political settings and the patterns of life and activity that characterise cities across the world. Public health professionals today continue the work of over two centuries in their field concerned with the city as an important site for public health debates. Examples in recent years include the Healthy Cities initiative developed by the World Health Organisation and multiple governmental and NHS projects to promote notions such as the ‘walkable city’, not to mention the health, community and social agenda promoted by the UN Habitat programme.
All of this research and activity of course happens alongside, and in collaboration with, those academics and professionals engaged in the built environment in more traditional ways. Architects form example have long engaged in designing buildings while working with social groups and communities on ‘community design’ projects and collaborating with the public to create more ‘human’ city environments. Urban planners obviously work with policy makers and architects directly, but are also now fully embedded in community participation exercises involving human geographers and sociologists. At an even larger regional planning level these issues are linked to government policy of community regeneration and a broader narrative on public health and healthy living that encourages active lifestyles and thus, walkable and bicycle friendly city streets.

Edited Book Chapters Rationale

Slum is an inherently interdisciplinary phenomenon. However, currently, this reality is only partially reflected in literature that periodically explores specific aspects of this interdisciplinary field, but has not yet developed a coherent platform on which to explore the full range and depth of the cross disciplinary nature of life in our cities, their physical infrastructure, their planning policies, health implications and community bonds. As a result, there is a need to develop a platform that supports research into the built environment of cities across disciplines such as sociology, human geography, community and political studies in a coherent and interconnected way.
In serving this role, the series will make a major contribution to the most embedded field of built environment studies (architecture, urban design, planning) and make significant contributions to those fields that inevitably engage with it in the course of their own specific studies (such as sociology, human geography, public health and community studies etc).
The series promises to become a fundamental reference point to scholars across disciplines in the India and further afield, giving multiple disciplines a platform to interconnect and learn from each other. It is expected to establish a clear interdisciplinary definition and reference point for the multiple perspectives and approaches to research in, and related to, the built environment.

How to Submit a Proposal

Please submit book chapters to editor@pen2print.org 
ISBN 978-81-951119-4-7

5 tips for a cyber Secure Home Experience

Cybersecurity became a full new ball game for a few IT departments when coronavirus forced businesses into enabling employees to figure from home, many of them for the primary time. Risk-averse organizations will have it covered with long-standing business continuity plans; others may have been smart enough to determine protocols and processes within the origin of the lockdown, but more are struggling to place something in situ after the event. One certainty in uncertain times is that hackers and complicated cybercriminals are looking to use the explosion in home working and vulnerabilities that are inevitable when unexpected arrangements replace the carefully monitored activity that typically protects a business. Here’s a list of the top 5 things that can help you secure your home cyber experience.

 

  1. Make a password management tool and make sure you use strong passwords: You may have heard that strong passwords are critical to online security. Use this link (https://iprouterlogin.com/192-168-2-1/ ) to know about the ip logins and passwords. The reality is passwords keep your hackers out of your data. If you want to make it easy to manage your passwords, try to use a password account vault or a password management tool. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST)2017 new password policy framework, you should consider:

 

  • Dropping the crazy, complex mixture of upper case letters, symbols, and numbers. Instead, go for something that is more user-friendly but at least eight characters and a maximum of 64 characters.

  • Do not use the same password twice.

  • Always reset your password in case you forget it and change it at least once in a year for general safety.

  • Your password should contain at least one lowercase letter, one uppercase letter, one number, and four symbols but not the following &%#@_.

  • Set your password that is easy to remember and never leave any hint for the public or the hackers to hack it.

 

2.     Use anti-virus protection and firewall: Anti-virus (AV) protection software has been the foremost prevalent solution to fight malicious attacks. Antivirus software stops any kind of viruses from entering your device and hampering it. Take an AV software from a trusted vendor and use only that software for your device. Using a firewall is additionally important when defending your data against malicious attacks. A firewall helps classify hackers, viruses, and other malicious activity that happens over the web and determines what traffic is allowed to enter your device. Your router should even have a firewall inbuilt to forestall attacks on your network.

 

3.     Keep your software up to date: Ransomware attacks were a serious attack vector of 2017 for both businesses and consumers. One of the foremost important cybersecurity tips to mitigate ransomware is patching outdated software, both software systems, and applications. Here are some quick tips to induce you started: 

 

  • Turn on automatic system updates for your device

  • Make sure your desktop browser uses automatic security updates 

  • Keep your applications program plugins like Flash, Java, etc. updated

 

4.     Learn about Phishing Scams – be very suspicious of emails, phone calls, and flyers: In a phishing scheme attempt, the attacker poses as someone or something the sender isn’t to trick the recipient into divulging credentials, clicking a malicious link, or opening an attachment that infects the user’s system with malware, trojan, or zero-day vulnerability exploit. This often ends up in a ransomware attack. 90% of ransomware attacks originate from phishing attempts. A few important cybersecurity tips to recollect about phishing schemes include:

 

  • Bottom line – Don’t open email from people you don’t know

 

  • Know which links are safe and which don’t seem to be – hover over a link to find where it directs to 

 

  • Be suspicious of the emails sent to you generally – look and see where it came from and if there are grammatical errors

 

  • Malicious links can come from friends who are infected too. So, be extra careful!

 

5.     Protect Your Sensitive Personal Identifiable Information (PII): Personal Identifiable Information (PII) is any information that may be employed by a cybercriminal to spot or locate a person. PII includes information like name, address, phone numbers, date of birth, Social Security Number, IP address, location details, or other physical or digital identity data. Your MasterCard information should be protected by companies if they follow the PCI DSS standards. 

 

In the new “always-on” world of social media, you ought to be very cautious about the data you include online. it’s recommended that you just only show the very minimum about yourself on social media. Consider reviewing your privacy settings across all of your social media accounts, particularly Facebook. The risk of social security will increase if you add your birth date, home address, or other personal identification information. Hackers use this information to their advantage!

 

So here are few tips that can help you secure your home cybersecurity. Do give it a read and apply it. 

 

Own your learning style

Have you ever wondered how to read so much better? Which of the following formats / methods or information do you understand the quick, easy, and most important information, to keep it all? You can be a student, entrepreneur, entrepreneur, housewife, housewife, retired full of wisdom… We all need to continue to learn and improve in order to grow, achieve goals, and be successful. Does this sympathize with you? If so, read my blog post on reading styles.

Learning styles refer to a variety of conflicting and conflicting ideas that aim to respond to the diversity of human learning. Many theories share the suggestion that people can be classified according to their learning style, but differ in the way the proposed styles are common.

Knowledge is power
Knowledge really is the power of truth. Apply what you know by applying it, taking the risks listed in the form of informed decisions. Those who do not have enough knowledge can sometimes be helped by people with bad intentions, and who are dishonest. Therefore, apply your knowledge to all aspects of life, for the better. In other words, take action based on what you learn.

Other learning models
Just a brief look at some types of reading styles (such as in the Wikipedia article I refer to):

David Kolb’s model is based on experiential learning.
The model of Peter Honey and Alan Mumford ‘shows four learning styles such as activist, theater, theologian, and the pragmatist.
Walter Burke Barbe and colleagues have proposed three modes of learning, namely vision, hearing, and kinesthetic expression (known as the VAK acronym).
Neil Fleming’s VAK / VARK model shows four sensory pathways. Visual, auditory, physical, and social studies are studied.
Anthony Gregorc’s model (by Anthony Gregorc and Kathleen Butler) shows different learning styles. People find and process information differently, as ‘There are four combinations of cognitive skills and order-based order skills: concrete sequence, random sequence, invisible sequence, and random concrete sequence’.
The concepts of Anthony Grasha and Sheryl Riechmann. Their learning styles are avoidance, participation, competition, teamwork, dependence, and independence.
The NASSP model is one of the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP).

You can find out more by reading this Wikipedia article on learning styles.

Analysis of learning models
While many models support learning styles, on the other hand, there is criticism directed at them as well. How effective are they? Can they be relied on? And so on.

My favorite ways to learn
When it comes to me, I have a combination of different styles. Thank you so much for learning so much online about my university degrees (with integrated reading)! Although I had a regular classroom education at a young age, I chose to study part-time (while working full-time in companies) with a business degree from a UK university.

Now that I work from home, as my manager, I continue to learn skills to grow my business and my blog. I often take video lessons online, read articles, books, ebooks, and sometimes listen to podcasts. Before the public exposure to COVID-19 (at the time of writing this blog article), I sometimes went to physical events, held locally.

Find your styles / styles of your choice
Find out how to read better, store things, and exercise better. You can choose an informal method than the official one or vice versa. Make good use of your good study methods to get the results you want, and improve your success.

Self-improvement is a fun journey… Keep improving yourself every day, see the inner benefits, and stay motivated. Embrace ongoing and lasting learning. You will always be the best for those who don’t.

Speed Reading Benefits

Reading is a wonderful thing! You learn to learn new things, increase your job opportunities, and have fun, and much more. The more you learn, the more you gain.

I’m a self-promoting blogger and I love books! However, with so much to do in a day, I began to realize that I was not living up to my educational goals. I was looking for a speed reading and would love to share some of the benefits you should not miss.

‘Read quickly -“ Learn quickly by combining multiple sentences or sentences at once. ”- Lexico

  1. Learn more in less time
    One of the most important benefits is that speed learning allows you to learn more in less time. You can save time and improve the amount of content you receive. Do more in less time.

You benefit by learning more and faster. Once you have a good habit, you can, not only learn a lot in a short time but also learn more, in whatever you choose to learn.

  1. Succeed despite the abundance of knowledge
    Our world is full of details! Internet, media, social media… Even with technology, you need to enter a lot of information, understand and make decisions at the right time.
  2. Suitable for torture skills
    Improve and improve your concentration skills. This helps you stay in line by focusing on important tasks and getting things done. This also means better discipline.
  3. Better time management
    When you know you are going to finish a book at a certain time, you can get a lot in a day, usually. For example, take a few days to read a book, instead of more than one week, and find more time to devote to activities you enjoy.
  4. Be ahead of others
    Whether you like it or not, it’s a competitive world. I don’t support the rat race, either. However, with faster learning, you have the opportunity (more than others) to learn more in less time and to be the first to take action.
  5. Expand your knowledge
    And often in any field or type of interest you have, you can learn a lot in a short amount of time. This expands your knowledge and enriches you. Even if you do not take formal education, you will grow your general knowledge and learn new skills.
  6. Confidence
    Knowing that you are knowledgeable, and always open to learning, you are truly confident. It is not arrogance, but self-confidence and the joy of continued human growth!
  7. Reach your goals
    When you know that the more you read, the more you can learn, you may want to set goals for reading. By studying faster, you can achieve such goals. Think about how much information you can use and keep it. This is also an important factor to consider when studying fast.

The conclusion

In summary, the speed learning harness is self-improving and effective. It helps you to learn more in less time. Whether you choose to study general knowledge, educational goals, professional benefits, or leisure, you will find inside.

JOMO Vs FOMO

JOMO, abbreviated as ‘the joy of missing out’ as opposed to FOMO, ‘fear of missing out’. Are you a JOMO or FOMO person? Read my blog post to see how embracing happiness instead of fear of missing out on what you deserve, in relation to social media.

While social media is a necessity in our daily lives, careful use of it is always important for the well-being and well-being of others. This blog post will focus on JOMO. If you want to learn about FOMO, check out my old blog posts, by looking at How to Avoid FOMO for Happiness in Life.

This is how two words are defined:

JOMO – ‘The joy that comes from living peacefully or independently without feeling anxious that one is missing out on exciting or exciting events that may take place elsewhere. Compare FOMO ’- as described in Lexico

FOMO – ‘Worrying that an exciting or interesting event may be happening elsewhere right now, is often a wake-up call seen on social media’ – as in Lexico

At the time of the current closure in many countries (at the time of writing), large social gatherings are often banned for safety reasons by public distances. This can intensify the time spent on social media, as people often feel more lonely than usual.

Social media is so amazing, it keeps people in touch with your loved ones, constantly being updated about styles, news, and much more. However, it can also become a form of addiction and can create FOMO.

The release of digital detox and time management online is often important for people to relax and refresh. Have you ever wondered how much time you spend on social media every day? Do you avoid looking at your screen before going to bed? Do you enjoy family time, without checking your phone often?

Here are 8 reasons why JOMO deserves it

  1. Live in the moment
    Analyze the present moment, stay in the moment, enjoy the simple pleasures of life you have.
  2. Think independently
    JOMO fits well with the ideal situation of not being under the pressure of ‘following the flock’, just like others just to get in. You know who you really are and fully accept who you are.
  3. No comparison
    Leave behind social pressures and procedures that tell you what to do. Stop comparing yourself with others. Everyone’s diversity and beauty are real… honest and natural in themselves.
  4. Invest in a profitable way
    Invest your valuable and scarce time wisely, and do the work of your choice. Why not work on your goals in life, take online lessons for personal growth, or talk to someone close to you?
  5. Appreciate honesty
    With JOMO you can focus on the right people in your life. Appreciate honesty and trust in hypocrisy and false friends.
  6. Toxins in the body
    Keep your phone away from time to time, meditate, relax, fill and feel refreshed. You are in a good position to produce better!
  7. Recreation
    Always devote time to your interests.
  8. Convince yourself
    You choose your priorities, not the other way around.

Choose happiness from fear… and thank the honest people in your life.

Conclusion

In summary, select JOMO instead of FOMO. The joy of missing out is just what you need in life. It’s up to you to take the right kind of action at the right time. Would you like to share your experience? If you know someone who needs such tips, share my blog post. Thank you !!

Enact Strictest Law To Stop Blocking Of Roads And Rails

“I am always ready to bear Allah’s full fury but under no circumstances will I ever block road for offering namaz. There was no space in mosque or anywhere else except on road! Offering namaz on road is a crime for me which I will never commit under any circumstances! Not for a second will I ever do anything that disturbs others and forces them to wait for me to leave road so that they can leave for their own work!”

– Sageer Khan my best friend who in 1993-94 said this to me when I asked him why he was so upset while returning from a mosque and why can’t he offer namaz on road just like others
It merits no reiteration that no matter how sacred the cause may be, there can be no justification for blocking roads or blocking of rails under any circumstances. To exercise one’s own fundamental right to protest peacefully does not give anyone the unfettered right to block roads and rails under any circumstances thereby causing maximum inconvenience to others. It is high time and now a law needs to be enacted which would make it obligatory that under no circumstances can anyone be allowed to block roads or block any rail route or any route which would cause maximum inconvenience to others! Law should not just be enacted but also implemented without any discrimination on all Indians!
What had happened in Shaheen Bagh is disgraceful and cannot be justified under any circumstances! For more than 100 days, the route connecting Delhi and Noida had been blocked by protesters from Shaheen Bagh who were seeking the removal of Citizenship Amendment Act as they feel that it is discriminatory and are determined that this would not be allowed under any circumstances! Why had Centre allowed this to happen at the first place?
Why PM Narendra Modi along with UP CM Yogi Adityanath were busy launching scathing attacks on the Opposition for planning the blockade of Shaheen Bagh but were themselves doing nothing to clear the blockade? One can understand that Yogi is the CM of UP where he has ensured no road is blocked or rail track is blocked and not of Delhi or Rajasthan or Punjab but Narendra Modi is the PM of India and when he was seeing that Delhi, Rajasthan and Punjab governments were doing nothing to clear the blockade then why did he himself not do anything to clear it at all? Blockade of roads, national highways, rail routes etc cannot be justified under any circumstances but it is becoming a fashion now!
It is most shameful , most shocking and most disgraceful that nothing was done to stop lawless protesters from entering Delhi in tractors to participate in tractor rally and even though intelligence agencies and NIA had warned of the Khalistani elements hijacking the limelight of 26 January Republic Day parade yet Delhi Police gave the green signal which can never be justified. What was the outcome? More than 300 policemen were grievously injured and even women police personnel were brutally beaten and vehicles were smashed and even ordinary persons were not spared by the goons, hoodlums who were in tractors and who even tried to run over policemen and even Red Fort was not spared and it was desecrated and Indian flag was thrown aside and flags of Khalsa Panth and farmers union flag were waved! This is what happens when too much of pandering happens and road is allowed to be blocked so easily and laws passed by Centre are strangely stayed by Centre which compels Justice Deepak Gupta of Supreme Court to raise serious question mark over the decision as making laws is the remit of Centre and not judiciary. Why Supreme Court forms Committees for those who block roads and rail tracks and why their demands are promptly looked into but those like lawyers of West UP who are agitating for a high court benches since more than 60 years and have even gone on 6 months strike and 3 months strike and strike every Saturday are just ignored even though this issue directly concerns the judiciary? Why Justice Jaswant Singh Commission recommendations headed by former Supreme Court Judge to create 3 High Court Benches in undivided UP not implemented even though its recommendations to create Benches in other states were promptly implemented? Supreme Court has a lot of explaining to do on this!
What trend has PM Modi set by not doing anything on this till now? Why will others also not follow the same route as we saw first in Shaheen Bagh and then in Rajasthan, Punjab and now again in Delhi? Will it not lead our country on the surest path to anarchy? To whom goes the real credit? To Narendra Modi as he is the PM of India and not Rahul Gandhi or Sonia Gandhi!
Should we be proud of it? Should we clap when PM Modi says in election rallies that the real faces of many are getting exposed for supporting rail and road blockades but himself doing nothing to clear the road thereby giving a free unfettered licence to anti social elements and lumpen elements to have the last laugh? Why has Centre not acted at all? How can anyone hold our people to ransom by blocking roads and rail tracks and vowing to ensure Delhi would be blocked for 6 months to an year?
Why even our Courts keep watching all this like a mute spectator? Why Courts and especially our Supreme Court which is the highest court of the land was not ready to direct the clearing of road forthwith as it is the common man who suffers the maximum inconvenience due to such blockades and in Delhi we saw how it culminated in worst riots after Shaheen Bagh blockades? Why don’t the long term interests of the people at large placed on the highest priority even by Centre who is watching everything and making it a part of mud-slinging exercise with Opposition party leaders? 
To hell with CAA and NRC if Centre is determined to allow anti-India slogans right in our national capital itself as we saw first in Shaheen Bagh and now again during farmers bill agitation in which Khalistani slogans were raised which under no circumstances can ever be justified! To hell with CAA and NRC if Centre fails to enact a law whereby those who chant anti-India slogans are just booked for sedition and not expelled from India permanently and their citizenship rights are not promptly terminated! To hell with CAA and NRC if Centre allows “rogues and scoundrels” to occupy roads and public places as we saw first in Shaheen Bagh then in Rajasthan and Punjab and now again in Delhi just to safeguard their own political interests and be fully satisfied by just indulging in futile “blame game exercise” as we have seen this happen time and again right in front of our eyes!
To hell with CAA and NRC if those who are illegal immigrants are expelled from India even though they love India to the fullest but those Indians who have all valid documents proving Indian citizenship are given unlimited freedom to abuse India openly, vandalise public property and block rail and road tracks for months together! To hell with CAA and NRC if Centre feels proud to allow few bunch of people who are citizens of India by birth to openly occupy public roads and public places as we are seeing time and again after the Shaheen Bagh protests and take no action against them and be happy with just criticizing Opposition parties and apportioning all blame on them alone! To hell with CAA and NRC if Centre justifies this in the name of “right to dissent” and takes no action to evict them from illegally occupying public roads and rail tracks due to which crores of rupees are wasted and honest taxpayers have to bear the maximum brunt! Why police force was used against our brave ex-servicemen in removing them violently when they were protesting peacefully demanding “One Rank One Pension” in totality as it was only officers with rank of Major General and above who were getting full benefits and not the lower ranks but now why he has no guts to act against those who are not only blocking roads to cause maximum inconvenience to public but also invading Red Fort, running tractors over police vehicles, bus and what not and stopping media from entering there and placing women and children ahead so that no action is taken? Why different laws for ex servicemen and for those residing in Shaheen Bagh or for Gujjars in Rajasthan or for farmers in Punjab who blocked rail tracks for months and now vow to block all routes to Delhi? This is certainly most befuddling! It is a ghoulish mockery of rule of law! 
Why cheap politics is being played on this? Why are forces not ensuring that no person is allowed to block roads, rail tracks and public places as they like as per their own whims and fancies? Why Centre is not giving a free hand to forces so that illegal usurpation of roads, rail tracks and public places is removed at the earliest? Why Centre is allowing this worst national insult?
Why all parties in India very strongly believe that under no circumstances should citizenship be terminated of those Indians who behave like soldiers of Pakistan and vow to fulfill their agenda by burning Indian flags, abusing our Constitution and chanting slogans of “Azadi” and “Bharat tere tukde-tukde karenge hum and block roads and rails? Why it took many decades to end ‘Most Favoured Nation’ to Pakistan which India most stupidly and most shamelessly conferred on it unilaterally in 1990s? Why we don’t follow Justice Markandey Katju who says that, “Pakistan and Bangladesh are fake countries and till 1947 integral part of India and when father Jawaharlal Nehru created one fake country called Pakistan then daughter Indira Gandhi stepped ahead and created another fake country called Bangladesh? But I am sure that in next few decades they both will be merged with India.”
What a complete shameless mockery is being made of “rule of law” in our country! How can lawless people be allowed to hold the traffic of our country to ransom for more than 100 days? Why no action had been taken by Centre on this for such a long time?
When CAA does not take the citizenship of any Indian then why so much of brouhaha was made over it? Why can’t more tolerance be demonstrated on it? Who is behind all this also needs to be investigated now! Similarly why Centre allows blockade of rail and road tracks? Do Indians know only of “fundamental rights” and never remember “fundamental duties”? Did late Mrs Indira Gandhi ever favour blocking of roads and rail tracks by inserting fundamental duties in our Constitution by 42nd Amendment or was she clear that this is being done for just “namesake” only? It is high time and fundamental duties must now be made mandatory on citizens of India!
Why vote bank politics is being played and why our national interests are being gravely compromised on this? Why no political party is ready to make sure that public roads and rail tracks are never occupied under any circumstances by anyone on any ground whatsoever? Will they cite the name of some “former Supreme Court Justice” or “Chief Justice” to justify this “utter nonsense and disloyalty” to the nation that you block roads and rail tracks without caring for the consequences? Where is our nation heading for?
Why mobocracy was allowed to be ruled in Shaheen Bagh, rail tracks in Rajasthan and Punjab and now again on borders of Delhi from different states? Is this the real rule of law? Which self-respecting nation will tolerate this?
Why Centre is most astonishingly not doing anything on this and is happy by just blaming everything on Delhi Government where it is the Lieutenant Governor who calls the shot and who too dismally fails in doing anything decisive on it? Why even Supreme Court had failed to act decisively on this by suo motu taking cognizance and calling for immediately lifting the siege of roads and public places in Shaheen Bagh and then for months of rail blockade in Punjab and Rajasthan and now again on borders of Delhi due to which the people there are suffering immeasurably?
I really fail to understand that what precedent is being set ever since PM Narendra Modi did not take any action in Shaheen Bagh even though he swiftly ordered action against peaceful protests by soldiers for OROP and made them evict the place where they were protesting? Why no swift action we saw in Shaheen Bagh and in other places which culminated in worst riots that left many dead and severely damaged our reputation in world? What precedent is being set?
Will this not encourage others also to do similarly? Why is Pakistan being allowed to set India’s agenda through its proxies in India? Why the rights of law abiding citizens is being taken for a ride by political parties and their supporters?
I can never support this under any circumstances no matter who does it! Even if Jats to which community I belong block roads and highways demanding something I will never support it under any circumstances! If Jats boycott me or even expel me for not supporting them then so be it but I can never be a party to anything which hurts our national interests under any circumstances by blocking of rails and roads! This can never be good in protecting the long term national interests of our country under any circumstances which are paramount and stands above everything else including me!
By any reckoning, Centre has certainly not covered itself with glory by not doing anything to ensure that the common man does not suffer because of a few lumpen people in Shaheen Bagh and then again on Punjab and Rajasthan rail tracks and now again on borders of Delhi! This is no way to protest that you block roads and rail tracks and encourage your followers abroad and at the protest site to raise anti-national slogans! Should we be very proud and excited about it? Can this be justified in the name of dissent?
No doubt, Centre has demonstrated quite explicitly that it is just interested only in expelling illegal immigrants even if they profess loyalty to nation as they don’t have valid documents but those Indians who have all documents are free to chant anti-India slogans, attack Red Fort on Republic Day, beat our policemen who are requesting them with folded hands not to indulge in violence and chalk out plans to divide India as long as they feel like as we are seeing right now and chant anti-India slogans over which there is a huge national outrage as anti national slogans are unacceptable under any circumstances and even eminent legal luminary and senior Apex Court lawyer Abhishek Manu Singhvi voiced his utmost concern on the repeated chanting of anti-national slogans and this is certainly not a good news for Centre led by PM Narendra Modi himself who is not doing anything to end this impasse! Centre had watched shamelessly in silence on what was happening in Shaheen Bagh and yet did absolutely nothing to stop it! Most disgusting! Same we saw in Punjab and Rajasthan and now again during protests over farmers bill over which even Manjinder Singh Bitta voiced his fuming anger while speaking in a discussion in a news channel and his anger stands fully justified!
On a departing note, it must be said unequivocally that Centre is to be squarely blamed for allowing things to turn for the worse in Shaheen Bagh and Congress is to be blamed for doing nothing to remove those who blocked rail tracks in Punjab and Rajasthan! Protest is a fundamental right of every Indian but this cannot include right to abuse India and vowing to break India to pieces and blocking roads, rail routes etc! Strictest action must be taken promptly against anyone who blocks roads, rail routes and if a law is needed to do this, it must be done right now but we see nothing happening with even Supreme Court watching everything quietly even though it has categorically said in Shaheen Bagh case that roads cannot be blocked! This is the real tragedy! Those foreign powers who blindly hate India are organizing blockade of road and rail tracks by foreign funding and yet even Centre also watches everything in eerie silence what to say for erring State Governments who appear complicit! How can all this be just glossed over by Supreme Court which is our “sentinel on the qui vive”? How can Supreme Court grant stay on the plea of those who themselves block roads and don’t themselves come with clean hands? Most baffling indeed!
What happened on 72nd Republic Day is all due to unfettered freedom given to farmers to openly say that they would wave their flag inside Red Fort yet everything was taken so lightly that today we stand discredited in front of the entire world and our more than 300 policemen have suffered many serious injuries and some are in ICU as the rioters had many sharp swords and what not with them! It is high time and Centre must now conduct furious surgical strikes on such road and rail track blockers also and not shamelessly like a beggar keep requesting them for talks and allowing them to continue blocking roads as people in general are now most agitated which can have far reaching adverse consequences if not dealt in time! Let’s fervently hope also! 
To conclude, only this alone can revive the shattered faith of the people for the ruling dispensation and this is what best suits our national interests also in the longer run! Every Indian was shocked to see open desecration of Red Fort and Rakesh Tikait who is himself a farmer leader said that, “Why didn’t police shoot down those who were insulting India’s national flag and planting their own flag?” Rakesh Tikait himself has been charged now of late by the police as he also exhorted farmers to march and his provocative statements we all have heard yet police took no action promptly and this lackadaisical approach of police, Centre and other security agencies culminated in the worst 72nd Republic Day which will always be a national shame as rioters, hoodlums, vandalisers and antisocial elements had the free run to do what they liked! How can this happen? But it has happened once again under PM Narendra Modi’s dynamic leadership! Let’s see what happens next? 
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

Importance of Colors In Day-to-Day Life

What color do you like? Why choose? Does it bring back precious memories of childhood or some other reason? Colors can help you feel better, influence your decisions and much more. Read my blog post to see how you can use them mentally, to improve.

Red
Red attracts attention. It is characterized by lust, power, excitement, love, and anger. For these women who read my blog, wear it when planning a party party or a special day!

Yellow
I wonder how many people like yellow. However, it seems like fitness and happiness. Want to feel warm and happy? Use yellow curtains.

Green
It is green with good taste and jealous. Do you like trees, vegetation, and nature? Of course I do. It is quiet and quiet.

Blue
The color blue is popular and seen as masculine, talented, sophisticated and corporate. It reminds me of clear skies, beautiful beaches and tropical areas.

“Blue is the color of peace. The water is blue. I love the color blue because it just gave me peace. The symbol of your patriotism is blue. I like just blue. ”- Antonio Brown

Pink
Art, integrity, and femininity. Many brands like women prefer pink. How can you use it?

Violet / Purple
The color purple symbolizes power, severity, and power. It reminds me of jacaranda flowers in my garden.

Brown
In the Wikipedia article I am talking about, the brown color indicates firmness. Personally I’m thinking of chocolate right now and I’d like to enjoy some more… What about you?

The beast
Black is often seen as sad, complex, expensive and scary. In tropical countries, wearing black can make you feel tired. While in colder climates, I think black coats are comfortable.

White
White is described as happy, honest, and chaste. I prefer to read the text on the white background. It makes it less cluttered, so I can stay focused and be able to be productive with work.

How to Use Colors Carefully in Life
Once you have an idea of ​​how colors are commonly seen in the United States (this varies from person to person, life experience, culture, etc.), use it to your advantage. Be careful what you choose or protect. Make sure your favorites are in the strategic areas. For example, do you have a dream board to achieve your goals? Use it there.

The conclusion

Be careful, choose the right colors that enhance your mood, keep you motivated, fit for your perfect health and success. Do you have any tips to share? Please do so. If you know anyone who could benefit from my blog post, please share it. Thank you !!

hobbies that will make your day

Are you planning to start a new hobby? Or does he just not pay attention when you tell him something to do? Read my blog post for ideas on fun activities, while enhancing your personal growth.

I work from home and use this blog. By giving my time for self-care, I make sure I enjoy it and get used to my regular hobbies.

See a list of 16 ideas or hobbies (select one or a few):

  1. Meditation
    Mind meditation and yoga are practices that bring various benefits. They relax and help you to stay calm and focused.
  2. Reading
    Learning is a simple example. What you choose to read, however, is your favorite. Can you turn to science fiction, romance, horror, or even self-help books?
  3. Blogging
    This is one of my top decisions! Blogging is a great way to express yourself while researching your favorite topics, social media, and much more. You will always grow your knowledge and you can also make money with your blog.
  1. Podcasting
    Start a podcast and record audio on topics you know and love. Talk to your right person. Do surveys to find out what your audience needs and solve their problems.

Podcast Masterclass: Complete Podcasting Guide

  1. Making videos
    YouTube is a popular video platform. If you enjoy making videos and have a keen interest in certain topics, have them.
  1. Images
    On platforms like Instagram, high-quality photos are a must. Whether you post to share family photos on a closed network or your account is designed for a larger audience, knowing how to take great original photos will help you.
  1. Coding
    Learn how to code for fun or to be like a side-hustle. If you choose, you can go further in this field and choose accordingly.
  1. Singing
    Whether you’re singing on stage, in the bathroom or with a group of friends, it’s a great way to express yourself! Singing happy songs brightens your day.
  2. Dancing
    You can dance at home, at a nightclub… or alone (why not?). It’s a form of exercise and fun to join dance classes while making new friends at the same time.
  3. Music
    Listen to or play musical instruments. It brings you comfort and relief. If you are interested in polishing your skills, taking music lessons can be fun and inspiring!
  4. Sports
    If you choose sports, that’s fine! Not only will you enjoy your work, but you will also improve your pleasure hormones, stay fit, and stay healthy. If you are serious about it, join your local team and compete.
  5. Fishing
    If you are patient and enjoy the sea, river or lake, then fishing can be your own. However, note the good habits of respecting the environment and not just fish.
  1. Cooking
    Do you like water containers and prepare them too? Healthy, nutritious cooking is very important for everyone.
  1. Drawing
    Do you like colors? If you create, then drawing can be of interest to you.

Beginners Watercolor. Be specific about the basics and just paint

  1. Crochet
    I started crocheting as a child. Having learned a few tricks, I had become accustomed to them before. Generally, it is a good way to keep the mind active.
  1. Continuous learning
    Do you have a desire for self-improvement? You can set aside time each day for personal growth. Enroll in online courses that will help you personally and professionally.

The Impact Of Internet On Society: A Global Perspective

 The Impact Of Internet On Society: A Global Perspective

This article entails the broad societal impacts of the Internet in our lives. But first, let us throw some light on the definition of the Internet. 

What Is the Internet, Exactly?

The Internet is a global computer network that provides a variety of information and communication facilities to people around the world and consists of interconnected networks. In a nutshell, it connects millions of computers globally.

The discovery of the Internet has revolutionized the world; this alone bears the basis of other inventions happening worldwide. The Internet laid the foundation for communication and information technology and made our work more comfortable in every sector.

How Has It Impacted Us?

Today we can not imagine our lives without the Internet, it has become a necessary utility for us. Through this discovery, humans are now connected more than ever in all its entirety. This has proved to be a boon for us. It has provided us easy and affordable access to communicate with anyone on the planet and free and effortless information about anything, including the routers that help to connect. This resource provides us with various router logins. Besides, this reforming discovery laid the stepping stones for e-commerce, cashless transactions, digital marketing, and much more.

Has It Helped Us In Any Way?

The Internet has brought unprecedented growth in the world’s economy by making all the rigorous methods into unchallenging acts. Moreover, this has provided awareness and education to the masses and simultaneously made the decision-making process a piece of cake. 

‘Internet is a technology of freedom’ words of Ithiel De Sola Pool in 1973. This freedom has opened doorways to the utopian and dystopian perceptions when analyzed carefully.

It has pioneered social networking, enabling people to socialize and connect intimately with their friends and family in the nick of time, which has proved to be benevolent and malevolent. There are so many platforms for people to engage with others on the Internet like Facebook, the largest of all social media websites accessible worldwide, Mixi in Japan, Baidu for China, Orkut in Brazil, and many more. These platforms brought a significant change for society at large.

Has It Redefined Socializing?

These social media websites have brought a profound meaning of socializing. As of now, around 4.5 billion people are Internet-connected, 3.725 billion active social media users, and ordinary people spend about 142 minutes of the day being on social networking. These stats have proved the irony that people are more social in virtual life than in the real material world.

Due to the Internet’s presence in the business sector, it has seen exponential growth as people are now taking initiatives and launching their startups more efficiently than ever before. Companies are managing the offshore subsidiaries, marketing their products, and operating like a walk in the park.

The Internet has played a vital role in the booming of the entertainment industry. It is also very beneficial for other sectors to take the lead like the Tourism sector, telecommunications, and more. It has decreased by about 70% of the red tape and provided a place to store your data and information safely.

Is It All Good, Or Does It Have Its Bad Sides?

In the world where the balance concept has a large fan base, Yes, the Internet does have a dark side. Today it is also easier to fall prey to the illegal activities and malpractices performed by people, and also it has increased bullying, stalking, spamming and social isolation. The Internet is the leading cause of pornographic content and violent acts, moreover people hack accounts of others to get access to private things. 

 

What Is Cyber Crime?

Together, these acts of aggression have coined the term ‘Cyber Crimes, ’ which in brief entails all the wrongful doings on the Internet.

The Internet poses significant challenges to us as expansion in every sector is seen in terms of technology and can create vulnerable systems in which security and privacy are the biggest concerns. The growth of the Internet Of Things has a lot to offer but protecting, and safeguarding have been holding it back. During the era of cybercrimes, you should be well aware of insightful guides from routerlogin.mobi.

With the burgeoning merits of the Internet, the disadvantages also have taken an upturn. Thus, people using the Internet daily look at the bright side and end up being easy targets to illicit practices. The Internet has also been an encouragement to social segregation, anxiety, addiction, trolling, fake news, and viruses.

Conclusion

The Internet is a two-edged sword, but the better side outweighs the other one. This century is defined by the discovery of the Internet, hence to enjoy the benefits, we have to tackle the dark effects that come with it. To be safe and secure, we must first be aware of all the scams and misdoings happening around us and then follow the steps to safeguard ourselves towards them.

From writing letters to taking meetings on Zoom, we all grew up and can see the change and dynamism that came with this reforming invention. The Internet is the weapon to destroy humanity\’s hopes for the worse, or it has the power to trigger revolutionary change for the betterment of humankind.

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCzOJDJZHoBttdHAjJsnN9w?sub_confirmation=1

Decriminalising Adultery Could Lead To Instability In Armed Forces

To start with, the Centre has in a measured, commendable and calibrated move very rightly sought a clarification from the Supreme Court to the effect that the 2018 order decriminalizing adultery would apply only to civilians and not defence personnel because not prosecuting soldiers for adultery could cause “instability” in the armed force. Soldiers are expected to maintain utmost discipline always and if they lose their moral character then certainly this will lead to erosion of faith among the soldiers on their seniors who indulge in adultery and this can never be in the long term interest of armed forces as they will stop respecting them and will instead themselves also try to emulate the same which will certainly have potentially dangerous consequences for our nation as it is the armed forces who save guard our country from not just external aggression but also internal disturbances! How can this be allowed to happen under any circumstances? 

While maintaining that “honour is the sine qua non of the services”, a plea by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) asserted that adultery must remain a valid ground to prosecute defence personnel under army laws? How can adultery be ever tolerated in the armed forces? What message will go among the soldiers if it is decriminalized in armed forces also? Will it not encourage adultery? The answer is quite ostensible! 
It must be recollected that in September 2018, a five Judge Constitution Bench had struck down Section 497 of the IPC pertaining to adultery in the notable case titled Joseph Shine vs Union of India declaring it to be unconstitutional and violative of the right to equality of women in treating them as “chattel” (an item of property) and inferior to their husbands. As most of us know that Section 497 made adultery an offence only with respect to a man who has a relationship with the wife of someone else. The wife was considered neither an adulterous nor an abettor while the man instead could be jailed for up to a term of five years.
Truth be told, the MoD’s clarification plea was argued by Attorney General KK Venugopal before a Bench headed by Justice Rohinton Fali Nariman where the law officer submitted that the Army Act and other pertinent laws must be treated as outside the scope of the 2018 judgment. KK Venugopal who is one of the most senior and eminent lawyer of the Apex Court is absolutely right in pleading so. He rightly told the Bench that, “We thus want a clarification that the…judgment is not applicable to personnel of the armed forces.” Agreeing with the Attorney General, the Bench also mercifully responded that it was also of the prima facie view that the IPC and the Army Act or other laws governing navy and air force stood on a different footing and therefore even as adultery was no more an offence, it could constitute an “unbecoming conduct” under the Act.
To put things in perspective, the plea by the MoD has very rightly stated that, “The aforesaid judgment passed by this court may cause instability within the Services, as defence personnel are expected to function in peculiar conditions during the course of which many a time they have to stay separated from their families for long durations, when they are posted on borders or other far-flung areas or in areas having inhospitable weather and terrain.”
As it turned out, KK Venugopal also on January 13, 2021 submitted before the Apex Court Bench headed by Justice Rohinton Fali Nariman that the armed forces required a completely different standard of discipline and that, therefore, the Army Act and other pertinent laws must be treated as outside the scope of the 2018 judgment. Venugopal also told the Bench which also apart from Nariman included Justice Navin Sinha and Justice KM Joseph that, “Adultery can be defined as an ‘unbecoming act’ or punishable under “good order and discipline” rule under the Army Act. Such officers can be court martialled and cashiered. We thus want a clarification that the Constitution Bench judgment is not applicable to personnel of the armed forces.”
Needless to say, Venugopal also added that this clarification was required to obviate any counter-argument by an officer sought to be prosecuted that the armed forces were acting contrary to the Supreme Court’s verdict. Agreeing with the Attorney General, the Bench then responded that it was also of the prima facie view that the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the Army Act or other laws governing navy and air force stood on different footings and therefore, even as adultery was no more an offence under the IPC, it could constitute an “unbecoming conduct” under the Army Act.
While adding a rider, the Bench then in the same vein also added that it was not competent to issue a clarification in this regard since the 2018 judgment was passed by a Constitution Bench of five Judges. The Bench also added further that, “This will have to be put up before the Constitution Bench.” Very rightly so!
Going ahead, the Bench then referred the matter to the Chief Justice of India for constituting a five-Judge Bench to examine the MoD’s application. It, however, issued a notice to the PIL petitioner in the case – Kerala-resident Joseph Shine who was represented in the court through advocate Kaleeswaran Raj. This was rightly considered necessary by the Apex Court.
To be sure, the MoD sought to highlight apart from what has been stated above that since the Supreme Court has decriminalized adultery, “there will always be a concern in the minds of the army personnel who are operating far away from their families under challenging conditions about the family indulging in untoward activity.”
Quite remarkably, what cannot be just glossed over is that while drawing a distinction between Section 497 in the IPC and the relevant laws in the armed forces, the MoD stated that unlike Section 497, the army laws did not make a difference between a male or a female and that it was a gender-neutral provision prosecuting soldiers of both the sexes for such acts.” Furthermore, the application stated that, “In other words, the army would equally proceed against a female subject to the Act, if she enters into an adulterous/illicit relationship.” It was also added that the laws governing the defence personnel were not discriminatory in nature.
Of course, it must be stated here that the Attorney General’s arguments in the Apex Court are based on inputs obtained from the defence ministry and the armed forces, army officials familiar with the case on the condition of anonymity. The officials very rightly added that adultery definitely amounts to conduct unbecoming of a soldier and those guilty have to be punished. There can be no denying or disputing it!
It goes without saying that the armed forces are hundred percent right in seeing adultery which implies “stealing the affections of a brother officer’s wife” as an offence that is just a notch below the worst offence an enlisted person can be accused of, cowardice. The provision to deal with this, drawn from Section 497, exists in all three services and the punishment is usually dismissal.
No doubt, the MoD very rightly underscored the necessity of retention of adultery as an offence for the defence personnel. It rightly maintained in simple and straight language: “That one has to remember that the Armed Forces exist in an environment wholly different and distinct from civilians. Honour is a sine qua non of the service. Courage, and devotion to duty, even at the risk of one’s lives, is part of the unwritten contract governing the members of the armed forces.”
As anticipated, it also relied rightly upon Article 33 of the Constitution to make a point that this provision allowed Parliament to restrict or modify operation of fundamental rights with regard to armed forces so as to ensure proper discharge of duties and maintenance of discipline. Looking from this prism too, the MoD said that its laws to govern defence personnel could not be held bad only because they abridged some of their fundamental rights.
While adding more to it, Additional Solicitor General Madhavi Divan who argued the Defence Ministry’s case in the top court very rightly remarked that, “I can only say that the armed forces require their own code of conduct in order to maintain discipline in the forces. The judgment striking down adultery is being applied to quash disciplinary proceedings in some cases. The provisions of the statutes which govern the armed forces permit disciplinary action in a manner different from the civilian population. That should be left intact and untouched.” Who can deny this?
It also certainly cannot be overlooked that another lawyer Chitrangada Rastravara pointed out that they were several actions which did not constitute an offence under the penal laws of India, but are punishable offences under the Army Act. She further rightly waxed eloquent to state that, “For example, desertion has no consequences under penal law; however it is a very serious offence, punishable by death under military law.”
It also cannot be denied that even woman officers want adultery law in the army and have pressed for retaining the criminality of adultery in the armed forces. Armed forces are always rightly expected to be most disciplined and it is imperative also as the security itself of our country depends on them! So let us fervently hope from now that a five Judge Bench of the Apex Court would soon be constituted and it would endorse the upright stand taken by the MoD on this key and sensitive issue! The ball is for now clearly in the court of the Apex Court. We have to keep our fingers crossed till the final verdict comes on this as it is for the Judges who have to finally decide on this as to what should be done finally! 
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

Sharing Citizens Health Data Without Their Informed Consent – ‘Aarogya Setu’

It is in the fitness of things that the Karnataka High Court has most recently on January 25, 2021 in its interim order in the latest, landmark, learned and laudable judgment titled Anavir A Aravind vs Ministry of Home Affairs and others has restrained the Government of India and National Informatics Centre (NIC) from sharing the response data of users of Aarogya Setu app, observed that sharing of health data of citizens without their informed consent will violate right to privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution. A Division Bench of Chief Justice Abhay Oka and Justice S Vishwaith Shetty very rightly noted that, “The information contains data about the health of the user which all the more requires the protection of right to privacy.” It was also very rightly observed that, “The sharing of health data of a citizen without his/her consent will necessarily infringe his/her right of privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.” This observation is the real crux of this entire commendable judgment.

While specifying the purpose of the writ petition, it is stated right at the outset that, “This Writ Petition is filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India praying to direct the respondent Authorities to make the use of Aarogya Setu application by citizens voluntary and etc.” It is also pointed out that this Writ Petition having being heard and reserved for passing order on prayer for interim relief, coming on for pronouncement of order.
To start with, the Division Bench first and foremost sets the ball rolling by first and foremost observing in para 1 that, “On 19th August, 2020 rule nisi has been issued in this petition. Thereafter, submissions were heard from time to time on the prayer for interim relief. The submissions were lastly heard on 17th December, 2020 and order was reserved.”
To put things in perspective, the Bench then observes in para 2 that, “The issue in this writ petition concerns Aarogya Setu application (for short, ‘the Aarogya Setu app’) introduced by the Government of India after the nationwide lockdown was announced by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 24th March, 2020. The National Informatics Centre (‘NIC’ for short)-seventh respondent launched the Aarogya Setu app on 2nd April, 2020 which is stated to have been downloaded by more than one hundred million users. One of the issues involved is whether the Government of India has a right to use the personal data of Aarogya Setu app users on the app and whether it can transfer/ share the data without obtaining the informed consent of the users. On 1st May, 2020, an order was made by the Union Home Secretary, the Ministry of Home Affairs, in his capacity as the Chairperson of the National Executive Committee of the National Disaster Management Authority (for short, ‘the NDMA’) under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (for short, ‘the said Act of 2005’). The said order was passed in exercise of powers under Section 10 (2) (l) of the said Act, 2005, by which, new guidelines were issued on lockdown which were annexed to the said order. The guidelines appended to the said order provided for ensuring 100% coverage of the Aarogya Setu app amongst the residents of Containment Zones. On 11th May, 2020, an order was issued by the Chairperson, Empowered Group on Technology and Data Management which was constituted by the National Executive Committee of the NDMA. By the said order of 11th May, 2020, directions were issued in the name and style of “the Aarogya Setu Data Access and Knowledge Sharing Protocol, 2020” (for short, ‘the said protocol’).”
Be it noted, the Bench then enunciates in para 4 that, “Prayer III-C refers to clause 3 (vii) of Annexure-N which is a Standard Operating Procedure (for short, ‘SOP’) issued by the Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on 4 th June, 2020 relating to the preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 in the offices. Clause 3 (vii) of the said SOP seeks to make the installation and use of the Aarogya Setu app by the employees mandatory.”
For the sake of clarity, the Bench then clarifies in para 5 that, “We must note here that by the Order dated 19th October, 2020, this Court directed that till the petition is heard on the prayer for interim relief and in the absence of any legislation, neither the State Government nor the Central Government, its agencies or instrumentalities can deny any benefit of any services to a citizen only on the ground that he has not installed the Aarogya Setu app on his cell phone. As far as the prayer made in clause (2) for interim relief is concerned, we must note here that the Government of India (8th respondent), Airports Authority of India (4th respondent) and Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation Limited (9th respondent) have taken a clear stand that installation and use of the Aarogya Setu app is not mandatory for those who want to avail facilities provided by them. The order dated 12th June, 2020 clearly records that the passengers who wish to travel by Air or Railway are not mandatorily required to download and install the Aarogya Setu app as a condition precedent for travelling. The Order dated 3rd August, 2020 records the statement made by the Government of India in the memo dated 2nd August, 2020 wherein it is stated that installation of the Aarogya Setu app is voluntary in nature which is intended to help the users to have reduced risk of infection of COVID-19. The Order dated 19th August, 2020 records the submission made by the learned counsel appearing for the Airports Authority of India to the effect that downloading and installation of the Aarogya Setu app for Air travelers is not mandatory and it is optional. Thus, the second prayer for interim relief is virtually worked out. The same is the case as regards the first prayer for interim relief. Thus, what remains for consideration is the third prayer for interim relief.”
Significantly, the Bench then puts forth in para 26 that, “We have perused the contents of Annexure-R19 which is an Order/Notification dated 11th May, 2020 regarding the issue of the said protocol. The said protocol is issued by the Chairperson, Empowered Group on Technology and Data Management appointed under Order dated 29th March, 2020 issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, a copy of which produced as Annexure-R2. Clause-2 of Annexure-R2 is relevant which reads thus:
“2. The measures taken hitherto have been effective in containing the pandemic so far. However, considering the gravity and magnitude of the challenges, which are emerging with every passing day, there is a pressing need to augment and synchronies efforts cutting across various Ministries/Departments. Keeping in view the need for such comprehensive action and integrated response, in exercise of the powers conferred under the section 10 (2) (h) and (i) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the undersigned in the capacity as Chairperson, National Executive Committee, hereby constitute eleven Empowered Groups of Officers (as per Appendix). These Groups are empowered to identify problem areas and provide effective solutions therefor; delineate policy, formulate plans, strategize operations and take all necessary steps for effective and timebound implementation of these plans/policies/ strategies/decisions in their respective areas.””
More significantly, the Bench then elucidates quite remarkably in para 27 that, “On plain reading of clause-2 referred above, the role of the Empowered Group is of identification of problems/difficulties, finding out solutions, formulating contingency plan etc. There is nothing placed on record to show that the Chairperson, Empowered Group on Technology and Data Management is empowered to pass any order which will have a binding effect. Prima facie, it is not shown that this Empowered Group has any statutory power either under the said Act of 2005 or any other Act to pass such an order. There is nothing on record to show that the powers of the authorities under the said Act of 2005 have been delegated to the said Empowered Group. We have perused the said protocol. Clause 5(a) clearly stipulates that any response data and the purpose for which it is collected by NIC shall be clearly specified in the Privacy Policy of Aarogya Setu App. Perusal of Privacy Policy available on the App. shows that there is no reference incorporated therein to collection of response data by NIC and purpose of collection. Clause 6 of the protocol permits sharing of data by NIC with the entities mentioned therein. The said entities are State Government, Public Health Institutions etc., But, the Privacy Policy says that the data will be shared only with the Government of India. Clause 8 permits NIC to share the response data for research purposes with third parties. It is pertinent to note that there is no reference to the said Clauses 5, 6 and 8 in the privacy policy or terms of service available on app itself. Thus, the collection of the data as per clause 5 and sharing of response data as per Clauses 6 and 8 is being done without the consent of the user, much less, an informed consent. Though Clause 8 provides for the anonymisation, there is nothing on record to show that the claim of anonymisation is tested by any agency. The sharing of health data of a citizen without his/her consent will necessarily infringe his/her right of privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. Therefore, prima facie, the said protocol regarding sharing of ‘response data’ cannot be permitted to be implemented for two reasons. Firstly, the user of Aarogya Setu app is not informed about the said protocol at all and the same is not at all a part of the terms of use or privacy policy which are available on Aarogya Setu app itself. The users are not even informed about the said protocol and the provisions therein about sharing of the response data before he uploads his personal information. Secondly, it is not the case made out by the Government of India that the informed consent of the user is obtained to sharing of the response data, as provided in the said protocol. The information contains data about the health of the user which all the more requires the protection of right to privacy. Prima facie, we find that the sharing and use of the response data as per the said protocol will infringe the right of privacy of the users, thereby amounting to violation of the rights guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. We may note here that by order dated 10th November, 2020 which has been produced along with the memo dated 11th November, 2020, it has been directed that the said Protocol will remain in force for a further period of six months i.e., till 10th May, 2021.
Finally and far most significantly, the Bench then holds in para 28 that, “Therefore, we pass the following interim order:
i) We accept the assurance given by the Government of India that no individual will be denied the benefits of any services that are being provided by the Governments, its agencies and instrumentalities on the ground that he has not downloaded and installed Aarogya Setu app;
ii) Prima facie, we hold that informed consent of the users of Aarogya Setu app is taken to what is provided in the privacy policy which is available on Aarogya Setu app itself and, therefore, there is an informed consent of the users of Aarogya Setu app which is limited only to collection and manner of collection of information, use of information and retention, as provided in the privacy policy which is available on the Aarogya Setu app. However, it is made clear that the use and retention of information and data shall remain confined to what is provided in the privacy policy which is available on the Aarogya Setu app;
iii) Prima facie, we hold that there is no informed consent of users of Aarogya Setu app taken for sharing of response data as provided in the Aarogya Setu Data Access and Knowledge Sharing Protocol, 2020, as there is no reference to the said protocol in the terms of use and Privacy Policy available on the app.
iv) Till further orders, we hereby restrain the Government of India and National Informatics Centre, the eighth and seventh respondents respectively from sharing the response data by applying the provisions of the Aarogya Setu Data Access and Knowledge Sharing Protocol, 2020 issued vide order dated 11th May, 2020 (Annexure-R19) unless the informed consent of the users of Aarogya Setu app is taken;
v) However, it will be open for the Union of India and National Informatics Centre, the eighth and seventh respondents respectively to file an affidavit for satisfying the Court that the Chairperson, Empowered Group on Technology and Data Management or the said Empowered Group is legally empowered to issue the said protocol and that the informed consent of the users of Aarogya Setu app is taken for implementation of clauses regarding sharing of the data as provided in the said protocol. After filing of an affidavit and the documents as aforesaid, it will be open for the said respondents to apply for vacating the limited interim relief granted as above, in terms of clause (iii).”
Of course, it goes without saying that the Karnataka High Court Division Bench has very rightly upheld the prayer made in the petition filed by cyber security activist Anivar A Aravind who had specifically sought an order restraining the respondents during the pendency of the petition from proceeding with the Aarogya Setu app and with the data collected, in any manner, whether the collection of data from members of the public is stated to be voluntary or involuntary. Senior Apex Court advocate Colin Gonsalves while appearing for the petitioner had heavily and very rightly relied on the landmark judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of Justice KS Puttaswamy (retired) vs Union of India. It is certainly a well-written, well-reasoned, well-substantiated, well-articulated and well-comprehended 50-page judgment by a Division Bench of the Karnataka High Court which must be read certainly in its entirety! All the governments must always respect the right of privacy of citizens which is an inalienable fundamental right and should desist from sharing any data without the prior informed consent of concerned citizens as held very commendably in this leading case also! There can certainly be no denying or disputing it!
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh