Before getting into the topic, let us learn what is violence. Violence, as described by the WHO is the ” intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation”. I believe simplifying this definition will make us loose out on something important. Developing such a strong definition for an act shows how it is affecting the humanity without any doubt.
SELF DIRECTED VIOLENCE: The violence which is directed to harm one`s self. These include the forms of self harm such as suicide attempts, either successful or not, or even thinking about it. Attempts to injure or destruct body parts without conscious intention of suicide also included in this.
INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE: Violence that occurs between family members or partners or individuals who may not know each other is included in this category. For example abuse of elders or children.
COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE: This is mainly what we see in public, I mean violence by group of people who identify themselves under a group against another group. This includes genocides, abuses of human rights etc.
Regardless of what type of violence is happening, its impact is always negative. Even witnessing a act of violence leaves a mark. Many people suffer from psychological disorders as the result of violence. Children who are victims of violence may develop insecurities, anxiety, antisocial behavior, anger issues etc.
Having witnessed or experienced violence, people always talk about having peace. There are so many measures explained over internet. But we don’t see any hope of getting rid of it any soon. Why is it so?
Preaching is easier than practicing: It`s easy to talk about anything and everything until you have to practice it. Asking for peace is not wrong, its the best thing to do. But only asking to have peace will not be sufficient. One should practice act of peace before preaching.
Peace is defined differently according to different perceptions people have: Peace is just the absence of war for somebody and for somebody its peace of mind. Some people think peace is present in what they believe according to their religion or some may describe it as absence of difference.
Increase in stress and pressure by various things: It is like a loop. Violence increases stress which may again result in violence. Its like a mother abusing children because of the harassment she faces in the family. Or stress can be induced by other things also which may result in violence. Like a person who is so stressed out in work may abuse family members as a way to vent out his/her frustration.
Sometimes, nobody cares: People don’t take violent behaviors seriously until someone they love or themselves face it. Thinking about violence as some other persons problem until it knocks your door is slowing down peace in the race.
Increasing materialism: We may not see the direct impact of materialism on violence. But greed of power, money, supremacy and many more other things blurs out peace from the frame.
Then what is the thing that brings peace in a real sense and brings it effectively? nobody knows. That doesn’t mean you should not hope for it. But one thing is sure that it should start from the individual level but definition should be universal. Whatever may be our beliefs, peace should be the ultimate goal.
Deforestation is cutting down of trees.Deforestation includes the conversion of natural forests into tree plantations, like the clearance of tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia for oil palm and timber plantations.Cutting of trees has seriously affected the quality of environment by increasing the temperature, decreasing rainfall,top soil erosion,loss of biodiversity and also causes flash floods.Trees play a very important role in maintaining the environmental role.
Forests provide more than a home for a diverse collection of living things; they are also an important resource for many around the world.Trees also absorb carbon dioxide, mitigating green house gas emissions produced by human activity.Deforestation not only removes vegetation that is important for removing carbon dioxide from the air.
The long term effects of deforestation are climate change and loss of biodiversity.Climate change occurs due to an increase of green house gases such as carbon dioxide.An increase in carbondioxide will increase the temperature of the earth and will therefore alter the weather.
Deforestation ruins the habitat of the animals and plants causing them to die.Destruction of forest affect the beauty of an area and directly exerts an impact on tourism.
Fast depletion of forests urges rural people to use inferior quality firewood and make them spend more time on fuel collection.Shortage of forests also force the villgers to use more commercial fertilizer in place of manures.Fodder for grazing cattle diminishes resulting in decreasing number of live stock.
Loss of green cover leads to soil erosion.Landslides occur due to cutting of trees in hill stations.
“REVERSING DEFORESTATION MAY BE COMPLICATED,BUT PLANTING OF TREES IS VERY SIMPLE”
India which was considered to be the land of many nations and varying races should understand its population based on their ethnographic, communal and geographic distinction which is not an easy task. In a country like India, National identity has consistently been a part of human life both socially and personally ever since the beginning of ancient history. During the nineteenth century, Punjab became a source of the study of religious identity because of their ethnographic and histories of the local population. Britishers viewed the conflict in the state of Punjab during the colonial period as the result of the deep-seated religious hostility. (The Historian and Indian Census , p. 41)
The historical backdrop of Punjab can be seen driving constantly from Cultural variety and heterogeneity to an expanding fixation on network limits. The Census of Punjab was directed to build up a comprehension of population but it turned out to be understanding the religious identities which later resulted in the partition and turned out to be a political identity. In the minds of Census officials, Punjab society was highly organized on religion and it could be understood in terms of religion. (The Historian and Indian Census , p. 43)The census made strict character more impossible to miss and it turned into the establishment for expanding religion between networks for admittance to employment, education and political representation.
India the rulers of Mughals and maharaja, they made efforts to understand their territories. By mapping and measuring under their control of revenue process, however they didn’t lead any known Census of individual, though they generally acknowledge the identity.
But the census by the Britishers conducted turned to create more communal issues mainly in the urban spaces and religious identities began to dominate the urban politics as these censuses only concentrated their records on religion apart from the survey conducted in 1851. This was despite the fact that in mid nineteenth century when Britain strict alliance made a serious difference between Anglicans, protesters and Catholics had been seen separated from one another since the time of reformation. (The Historian and Indian Census , p. 46)
Why exactly are we educated? Just for the sake of it? No, right? We are suppose to learn everything from basic manners to how to earn a living. At the end of our learnings, we are all supposed earn our own breads and fulfill our desires. It is for this, we are all trained right from the age of 3.
Do we really need to start so early? I’m not so sure about. Still, parents for sure cannot keep calm seeing the rapid increase in the competition these days. I agree. High competitions have ruined the childhood of kids these days by burdening them with homework pressures and stuffs. They don’t even know why are they to study. Innocent kids living in their own fantasy world are being dragged to reality so soon. Pathetic!
Apart from teachers at school and parents at home, there’s another trend to send a 3 year old to tution centres nowadays, where they get far more tortured and this is going unnoticed in this busy world. Tutions for atleast primary school children should be shut. Kids at this age only require a mother’s guidance I believe.
Being a grown up student, I do sit back and realise the faulty education system which have been the same all these years and nobody bothered to change or raise questions. I wonder, am I the only one facing troubles now due to the education system we have had so far. It paid a lot of attention to the little details which did help me at times during my school days. But we need a lot more than all those science and maths. Basics of computer is so necessary in every field, I hardly knew unless I had to make powerpoint presentations and work on spreadsheets in my college days. We were taught these around std.4. And what were we suppose do learning those back then? It is during the late highschool days we found it necessary when we almost forgot the basic concepts. Had we been taught those during the later years of schooling, it would have been far more helpful I suppose.
Another major issue lies that only students who wish to take up commerce gets to know something about bank stuffs, loan procedures, share markets and everything money related. Aren’t the science and the arts students suppose to know such necessites of life? They too live in the same society and earn for their living. Each one of us needs to have certain practical knowledge other than bookish ones. Those projects and assignments we are burdened up with are certainly of no use. No student does it sincerely. We all know our hardwork is going to be dumped somewhere later. That is what exactly happens.
If not schools, at least colleges should educate students on saving and investing money, several bank procedures, loan applications and certain benifits every citizen of India posses. That is what a complete education means. Where will people end up not knowing where and how to invest their earnings? What should they do not knowing the privileges they own? Literate people somehow get to know it from somewhere or the other. But everyone in the country are not literate enough to know things on their own. They too earn for their living but are unaware of investments they can make. There should be schemes to educate such people as well. Only then will our country grow. You won’t believe, there are still more than a thousands of people who exist even whithout an identity card. What proof do they posses of their existence? Is this how we dream of a developed country?
Education system not just mean educating students at school. It means to educate the country, to help people grow. Only bookish knowledge can never be relied upon to live a life. Practical knowledge about what life exactly is and how it should be lived must be taught.
Child labour refers to the exploitation of children through any form of work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially and morally harmful.
According to the committee on child labour,”child labour can be broadly defined as that segment of the child population which participates in work either paid or unpaid”.Child labour means a working child who is between 6 and 15 years of age,not attending school during the day,and working under a employer or learning some trade as an apprentice.
A child may be found employed in many different kinds of activities to earn.The child may be employed forcibly or voluntarily,in an organized or in an unorganized sector.The common places of employment may be carpet weaving,match factories, fireworks, restaurants,auto garages,quarries, household work etc.,
Poverty seems to be one of the most explicit reasons for child labour.Poverty of parents,or parental neglect leads children to seek employment.Inadequate income of the parents do not fulfil the minimum requirement of the children which in most of the cases induce the children to enter into the jobs market,by foregoing their education.The greedy employers attract such poor children to their factories,hotels and other work places by promising them food and salary.The child labour becomes a convenient tool for employers to escape from giving salary to employees.Employing child labour for dangerous works,for low salary and without required service condition has serious socio,economic, cultural implications.
Physical labour and consequent work pressure make the child weak at times.The use of children as a source of labour force,raises many other questions with regards to demographic and economic implications.Among other implications child labour causes adult unemployment,low productivity with economic loss to the society.
Free and compulsory primary education,mid day meal schemes,and other incentives are meant to reduce the child labour.
Many Maratha heroes have sacrificed their lives to save Hindutva and one of them the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Shri Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj Bhonsale. He was born on May 14 1657 to his mother Soyarabai. After the death of Shivaji Maharaj, on April 3, 1680, Sambhaji established the Hindu Empire and took over.
Sambhaji lost his mother Sai bai at the age of 2. After her death, his paternal grandmother Jijabai looked after him. Initially his stepmother, Soyarabai, also doted on him a lot. Sambhaji was a tiger cub in the true sense. He was extremely handsome and possessed immense bravery. He was a scholar of Sanskrit and eight other languages. In 1666, he was married to Yesu bai, and later the couple had a son – Shahu. On June 6th, 1674 at the time of the coronation of Shivaji Maharaj, he was declared the prince of the Sovereign Maratha Kingdom.
As a prince, Sambhaji proved his bravery and military brilliance on more than one occasion. He led and won his first war at Ramnagar at the age of 16. During 1675-76 he led successful campaigns in Goa and Karnataka.
Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj was a true Dharmaveer, who just like his father Shivaji, did not bow before Aurangzeb although Aurangzeb brutally tortured Sambhaji Maharaj for more than 40 days. Hindus must learn how to sacrifice for Dharma from Sambhaji Maharaj.
A dramatic accession
Chhatrapati Shivaji passed away in April 1680, and for a good nine months Sambhaji was entangled in a bitter accession struggle with his half-brother Rajaram, who was 10 at the time. Soyrabai, Sambhaji’s stepmother and the mother of Rajaram, plotted against to keep him away from the throne. Ultimately though, Sambhaji gained the support of Maratha commander-in-chief Hambirrao Mohite and in January 1681 was officially crowned ruler of the Marathas. Rajaram, Soyrabai, and their associates were put under house arrest.
The remarkable things that Sambhaji Maharaj achieved in his short life had far-reaching effects on the whole of India. Every Hindu should be grateful to him for that. He valiantly faced the 8 lakh strong army of Aurangzeb and defeated several Mughal chieftains in the battlefield forcing them to retreat. Because of this, Aurangzeb remained engaged in battles in Maharashtra, thus keeping the rest of India free from Aurangzeb’s tyranny for a long time. This can be considered as the greatest achievement of Sambhaji Maharaj. If Sambhaji Maharaj would have arrived at a settlement with Aurangzeb and accepted his proposal of being a tributary prince, then within the next 2 or 3 years Aurangzeb would have captured North India again. However, because of Sambhaji Maharaj and other Maratha ruler’s (Rajaram and Maharani Tarabai) struggle, Aurangzeb was stuck in battles in South India for 27 years. This helped in the establishment of new Hindu kingdoms in the provinces of Bundelkhand, Punjab and Rajasthan in North India; thus providing safety to the Hindu society there.
Efforts for Reconversion to Hinduism
We all know that Shivaji Maharaj reconverted Netaji Palkar to Hinduism. However, it is important to note that Sambhaji Maharaj had established a separate department in his province for the ‘reconversion ceremony’ of the Hindus who had earlier converted into other religions. There is a story of a Brahmin named ‘Kulkarni’ of Harsul village in the history of Sambhaji Maharaj. Kulkarni had been forcibly converted to Islam by the Mughals. He tried to reconvert into Hinduism, but local Brahmins in his village did not pay any heed to him. In the end, Kulkarni met Sambhaji Maharaj and told him about his misery. Sambhaji Maharaj immediately arranged for his reconversion ceremony and reconverted him into a Hindu.This noble initiative of Sambhaji Maharaj helped many converted Hindus to reconvert back into Hinduism.
Face-off with the Mughals
The Mughals were the staunchest enemies of the Marathas during Sambhaji’s reign. One of the first major actions taken by Sambhaji against the Mughals, was when his forces attacked Burhanpur, a wealthy Mughal city in Madhya Pradesh. Sambhaji had planned the attack, being aware of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s plans to expand into the Deccan. Burhanpur was an important trading center and Sambhaji’s attack came as a huge blow for the Mughals.
For the next six years, between 1682 and 1688, the Marathas under Sambhaji and the Mughals under Aurangzeb were engaged in multiple battles in the Deccan. The Mughals wanted to acquire possession over the forts held by Marathas in Nashik and Baglana regions. In 1682, they attacked the Ramsej fort near Nashik. However, despite months of failed attempts, the Mughals failed to take control of the fort and were forced to retreat. The Ramsej fort had become an important morale booster for the Marathas.
Capture and Execution
In early 1689, Sambhaji called his commanders for a strategic meeting at Sangameshwar in Konkan. In a meticulously planned operation, Ganoji Shirke (brother of Sambhaji’s wife Yesubai) and Aurangzeb’s commander, Mukarrab Khan attacked Sangameshwar when Sambhaji was about to leave the town. A small ambush followed and Sambhaji was captured by Mughal troops on 1 Feb, 1689. He and his advisor, Kavi Kalash were taken to Bahadurgad. Aurangzeb humiliated them by parading them wearing clown’s clothes. Later, Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash were tied upside down to camels with Mughal soldiers throwing stones, mud, and cow dung at them.
When they were brought face to face with Aurangzeb, the latter offered to let Sambhaji live if he surrendered all the Maratha forts, turned over all his hidden treasures and disclosed the names of all the Mughal officers who had helped him. Sambhaji refused, and instead sang the praises of Mahadev (Lord Shiva). Aurangzeb ordered him and Kavi Kalash to be tortured to death. Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash were brutally tortured for over a fortnight. The torture involved plucking out their eyes and tongue and pulling out their nails. The later part involved removing their skin. On March 11, 1689, Sambhaji was finally killed, reportedly by tearing him apart from the front and back with ‘Wagh Nakhe’ (‘Tiger claws’, a kind of weapon), and was beheaded with an axe. This grievous death was given to him at Vadhu on the banks of the Bhima river, near Pune.
After every torture, Aurangzeb would ask him if he had had enough and wanted to convert – but the courageous king kept refusing. By doing so he earned the title of Dharmaveer (Protector of Dharma) by which he is known to this day. Aurangzeb ordered for Sambhaji’s body to be cut into pieces and be thrown into the river. Residents of the nearby village named ‘Vadhu’ collected as many pieces of his body as they could find, sewed them together and performed the final rites on his body. These villagers later went on to use the surname ‘Shivle’ or ‘Shivale’, as per spelling preference, which means ‘sewing’ in the Marathi language.
With Sambhaji’s death, the Maratha confederacy was thrown in disarray. He was succeeded by his younger brother Rajaram who became the leader of the Marathas. The Commander in chief of the Maratha army, Mhaloji Ghorpade, who succeeded Hambirrao Mohite, died in the ambush at Sangameshwar. A few days after Sambhaji’s death, the capital Raigad fell to the Mughals and Sambhaji’s wife and son were captured. However, Sambhaji’s torture and heroic death unleashed an unprecedented unity and heroic spirit amongst the Marathas. Aurangzeb continued his grim war against the Marathas for another 18 years but could not subjugate the Maratha state.
Aurangzeb spent the last 25 years of his life in the Deccan, in constant warfare to vanquish the Marathas. He died in 1707, at Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. In 1737, within 50 years of the torture and death of Sambhaji, the Maratha – Jat Allied armies entered Delhi and re-established Hindu rule over all of western, central and much of northern India.
Cricket one of the most widely played sports in the world. A game that has millions of fans. A sport which has not to remain just a sport but a life for many/ but which has become a life of many.
Move passion, move people, move a lot of money, move to television. But to understand this you have to look a little in history, know its origin and evolution now. Cricket was invented in the vast fields of England, supposedly by shepherds who herded their flock. Later on, this game was shown kindness by aristocrats, and now has the stature of being England’s national game. After a century now, cricket stands in the international arena, with a place of its own.
THE GAME
Cricket involves two teams with 11 players on each side. The captain who wins the toss decides whether his team bats or bowls first. If they bat first, they aim to score a lot of runs and make sure the other team does not reach that score.
FORMATS OF THE GAME
Cricket is played in many formats, but the most popular are TEST CRICKET and ONE DAY cricket. In TEST cricket game goes on for 5 days, with each team batting twice – if time permits.
ONE DAY is the most popular format, with each team getting 50 overs to score runs. And the other team tries to outscore them within the same number of overs.
T-Twenty format which consists of 20 overs per team to play is now one of the shortest formats in international cricket and one of the most emerging formats in the current era.
The Cricket world cup is the biggest international event of cricket. The winner of the cup shows who are champions of the game. Australia has 5 World Cup titles in their name the most by any country.
Women’s cricket also emerged a lot in recent years. But it still doesn’t get the same amount of support and viewership from the fans. Seeing the current support from them one day it will get the same amount that today the men’s team get.
Cricket has produced many legendary players all over this time. The first one was Sir Don Bradman with an average 0f 99.97, then comes the god of cricket Sachin Tendulkar, MR Cricket Mike Hussey, and King Virat Kohli, and successful captains like M.S Dhoni, Ricky Ponting and many more.
“INDIA is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition. Our most valuable and most artistic materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only!
What is MODERN INDIA?
More than half a century has passed since independence from British rule in 1947. In the last 63 years, poverty has decreased in India but still, 25 percent of people are living in a very pitiable state. Apart from hunger, they have to face basic amenities, health-related services, and a lack of jobs. The situation of middle-class families is not particularly different. Business of wealthy and domination has increased. But this family is only 20 percent of the total population of the country.
After independence, we have made a lot of progress in basic industries, agriculture, textile and textile, traffic, and telecommunications. In the matter of food grains, we are self-sufficient.We are producing all kinds of goods and services in the country. As a result, our economy has become one of the five major economies of the world. Petroleum in the field of materials we are partly dependent on foreign sources. Apart from this, our economy has been in sync with the world’s open market system. India is now exchanging exchanges of rupees in front of international currencies. Our exports and imports are also increasing. But in the international trade, the deficit is going on as a whole, because the import data is more than the export figure.
STUDENTS OF MODERN INDIA
In the era of the absolute age, Indians did not have any right to advance themselves. Students of that time used to get jobs according to the wishes of the British government.
Therefore, the responsibilities of the students have also changed with the circumstances.The future of any country depends on the students of that country. At present, India’s renovation work has begun. The sum of the students is essential in this work.
The current era is the era of science and meaning. Scientific and economic advancement is essential for India. This statement of any scholar is true that India is a rich country, where poor life. This means that natural resources are abundant here, but those resources have not been utilized. Indians can be rich when they are properly utilized.
These students can play a pivotal role in the rebuilding and reconstruction of India. This can happen only if their energies are properly channelized. Students have played a significant role during India’s struggle for freedom. But after Independence, it seems that the students have no aim and noble cause before them for which they can utilize their energy.
Students possess immense youth power.There are many ways in which students can serve their country. First of all, students should imbibe the spirit of discipline because without discipline no nation can progress. Students can be associated with the removal of many social evils. They can help in eradicating the evil of the dowry system by taking a solemn pledge that they will not accept any dowry. They can help in the removal of social evils like casteism, untouchability, gambling, and drinking. They can play an important role in bringing about national unity and emotional integration in the country. They should oppose the communal, provincial, linguistic, and separatist tendencies in the country. They should develop and promote the spirit of ‘Indian first and Indian last.
Advantages of Modern INDIA
Nowadays the education system is going better.
We can know many new things from our schools.
They are keeping some labs to improve our knowledge in practice.
They are taking the children to the picnics to explain them very well in practice.
They are encouraging and motivating the students spiritually too
Disadvantages of Modern INDIA
They are keeping many books to the students, they can’t weigh them even though.
They can’t be finding the difference between rice bags and school bags too.
The fees are going upto hills parents are dying to buy them everything from uniform,books, etc, etc…
Some teachers are reading but not teaching.
Still, they have to teach the students very interestingly. This means they likely to has to go to the schools.
Conclusion
As we know that modernization is necessary as it helps a country to grow efficiently but having modernization at its excess is harmful to our nature as leads to depletion of natural resources, so we need modernization slowly but gradually.
A major concern right now is Delta, a highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus strain, which was first identified in India in December. This strain spread rapidly, soon becoming the dominant strain of the virus in both India and then Great Britain.
The delta variant, which has further mutated into the delta plus, has 60% higher transmissibility rate than the original alpha variant. Delta has now spread to 92 countries. This is one of the mutations that contributed to the loss of response to some antibodies, including those produced by the vaccines. Delta is less sensitive than alpha to antibodies.
With the rapid spread of the delta variant in the United States, coronavirus cases are spiking in parts of the country, especially in areas with low COVID-19 vaccination rates. Almost all COVID-19 deaths in the United States are now among the unvaccinated people’s.
The two doses of vaccine provide much better protection than one dose against the delta variant. Children under 18 years old are not yet eligible for vaccination, which leaves them at risk. Anyone who is unvaccinated and not practicing preventive strategies is at risk for infection by the new variant, the doctors say.
The real risk is when you consider the broader population, where many people are either unvaccinated or only have one dose of the vaccine, combined with delta’s higher transmissibility and disease severity. The delta has high levels of transmission combined with a partially vaccinated population which increases the risk of more people catching the virus and increase the risk of further mutations.
The highly contagious delta variant is the fastest and fittest coronavirus strain yet, and it will “pick off” the most vulnerable people, especially in places with low Covid-19 vaccination rates, WHO said. Many mutations do nothing or actually hinder the virus.
Delta, first identified in India, has the potential “to be more lethal because it’s more efficient in the way it transmits between humans and it will eventually find those vulnerable individuals who will become severely ill, have to be hospitalized and potentially die,” Dr. Mike Ryan, executive director of the WHO’s said during a news conference.
The most important thing you can do to protect yourself from Delta is to get fully vaccinated.
Meetali The science of today is the technology of tomorrow……
WHAT IS SCIENCE ? The word “science” probably brings to mind many different pictures. Science has played a major role in the development of our society. Science has made our lives easier and carefree. As we look back in our ancient times we see so much development in the world.
Science has got many changes in our lives. With the help of Science it now easier to travel long distances. Various high-speed vehicles are available these days.Science upgraded steam engines to electric engines. In earier times people were traveling with cycles. But now everybody travels on motorcycles and cars. This saves time and effort. And this is all possible with the help of Science.
SCIENCE AS A SUBJECT….. I just want to recall your past memories when you are in school and college . Science taught us about everything .we cannot deny that Science helps us in shaping our future. But not only it tells us about our future, but it also tells us about our past. Physics taught us about the machines. Chemistry is a subject that deals with an element found inside the earth. Even more, it helps in making various products. Products like medicine and cosmetics etc. result in human benefits. Biology is a subject that teaches us about our Human body.
ADVANTAGES OF SCIENCE….. The process of science is a way of building knowledge about the universe — constructing new ideas that illuminate the world around us…… i. It will make our life easier. ii.It helps us organize our daily activities. iii.This helps our work can be done faster. iv.It helps us to communicate more easily with others. v.This helps us to better know and understand other cultures and societies.
DISADVANTAGES OF SCIENCE…… Machines have led to unemployment. They have polluted water and atmosphere. They have caused noise pollution. i. It can be easily handled by irresponsible people. ii.We will be too dependent on that. … iii.Sometimes it affects our health and our lifestyles (we will be complacent and lazy.) … iv.It destroys our simple and healthy life (the traditional lifestyle I miss). v.This helps us to better know and unterstand about other culture and societies .
CONCLUSION……… SCIENCE IS JUST A BOON FOR US…. It plays a very important role in our life. We are too much connected with science. Science brings so many changes in our life . Science has made our lives easier and carefree. Science saves time and effort. we cannot deny that Science helps us in shaping our future. The process of science is a way of building knowledge about the universe — constructing new ideas that illuminate the world around us .Science and technology inventions and discoveries, including the theory of the origin of the universe, the theory of evolution, and the discovery of genes. Science has been greatly successful at explaining natural processes, and this has led not only to increased understanding of the universe but also to major improvements in technology and public health and welfare. Thanks for reading……
Jivaka Komarabhacca was a renowned legendary physician of ancient Indian and the personal physician of lord Buddha. Jivaka was lived in Rajagrha of the Magadha empire in 5th century BCE. He was the son of king Bimbisara and half brother of king Ajatasatru. Some sources say that jivaka was born for a courtesan who was called as amrapali but she discarded unwanted newborn baby in garbage dump outside the city of Ratnagiri in the kingdom of magadha. Fortunately, king bimbisara found the new born baby as live even in the harsh circumstences and named him as “JIVAKA” which means life.
Once as a teenager jivaka got to know about his birth secret and he felt ashamed of himself, later he decided to make money independently to repay for his adoptive father for his upbringing. The ayurveda medication forms has fascinated him a lot and he went to the greatest university of those times “TAKSASILA” to learn traditional medicine. He proved his excellence under the great guru of that time Atreya punarvasu. After completing his education jivaka became as a court physician to serve the king bimbisara of the magadha dynasty.
Jivaka was the most celebrated physician in India during the buddha time. Including king bimbisra himself sought for help from jivaka to cure his fistula problem and in some texts he is also depicted as a great surgeonist who performed many complex surgeries like brain surgery and surgery for volvulus etc… When buddha’s foot was injured because of the rock splinter, Jivaka helped him as a physician to cure the injury.
Later, he felt great pleasure to be as a physician to lord buddha and as he influenced by the teachings of buddha he showed interest in building monasteries for the monks. There is a saying that buddha did not accepted him as a monk but he accepted him as his lay disciple because buddha want him to remain free to help the sick people.
Even todays Thai massage therapy was also developed by Jivaka. His all medical techniques were stored in the form of jivaka sutras. Jivaka was an early physician than Bodhi dharma. His texts were even now stored in the chinese old buddhist libraries. Thailand people used to call him as father of doctors. He is also known as shivago kompara in Thailand.
CONCLUSION:
Jivaka is such a great Indian physician and a great surgeonist but he is not that much well known to our Indians when compared with Thailand people and chinese. Thailand citizens constructed a gaint statue of jivaka for his traditional medication techniques but we as Indians, we forgotted about our great ancient personalties and today we are in a situation to seek help from abroad countries for small problems also. Finally, Jivaka always believed that prevention is more important than directly going for treatment.
” THE MORE YOU LEARN FROM THE PAST THE BETTER YOU CAN PREPARE FOR THE FUTURE”
Sports be it soccer, cricket or baseball or any other has some or the other time played a role in some of our lives. But sometimes we just overlook those who make our sports look more spicy and enthusiastic before us.
Significance:
In 1994, International Sports Press Association established July 2 as “World Sports Journalist Day” as the organisation was found on July 2, 1924 and this was an effort made to honour sports journalists all over the world.
Sports Journalists do a lot of work before, dyeing and after sports matches, all of which are often overlooked. They’ve always played an integral part in transferring the information pertaining to sports to their ever loving audiences.
History of Sports Journalism.
Sports Journalism started in early 1800s when sports was beginning to get itself presented as a separate section in Western Newspapers. In early 1800s only elites could afford newspapers and as a result information relating to sports were restricted to horse riding or boxing , that is, the sports that were typically meant for elites.
In 20th century, New York Herald and New York World were two of the world’s first newspapers to cover sports journalism separately and have a complete full time sports department.
Slowly, the need and love for sports started to increase among the masses and that is why there was the demand for all together separate sports channels in television like ESPN and sports magazines like Sports Illustrated.
Digital Era and Sports Journalism.
Online Sports Journalism started when ESPN created its first ever sports website in the world in 1995. During initial years, only broad topics relating to sports were covered in Digital Sports but as internet expanded all over the world, many big and small bloggers, internet channels, web portals began covering all single and minutest topics relating to sports.
A majority of big and small websites are completely dedicated to sports and they also at times charge subscription fee from their readers. Search Engines like Google or Bing also provide information relating to sports during those days which are important for a particular sport.
Issues faced by Sports Journalists.
1) Deadline Pressures:
Sports journalists face deadline pressures than any other beat reporters as sports matches generally happen in late noon or in the evening and as a result reporters who’re covering sports or writers who’re into sports have to manage completion of work in shortest time possible.
2) Political Pressures
There has been an interlinking of sports and politics in the past. And if this is so, how can the media be kept away? Sports Journalists face lots of threats by certain sports associations that expect the journalists to cover sport matches in their own way and they also expect journalists to shape the public opinion.
3) Accusations of low objectivity:
Sports Journalists have also been accused of favouring or promoting their own favourite teams or players in the past. Some have also been accused of giving more preference to their home teams and this is one more challenge they face in the sports world.
In any way, Sports Journalists do a lot for their audiences to make the sport matches more interesting and entertainment their viewers or readers throughout and even after the matches. It’s important for us to celebrate them and honour them genuinely.
The second wave of COVID-19 started from the middle of March 2021 and peaked in April with a shortage of oxygen cylinders and hospital beds. Now when the numbers have gone down again, people will start venturing outside and the reason for this eagerness is understandable because of the impact this pandemic has had on all of us, we just need ways to cope with it. Although mental health has been discussed a lot since the beginning of the pandemic and the lockdown, it is important to understand what changes we have been experiencing and how we can cope with them.
Impact on Mental Health
As we know, this pandemic created an economic crisis but along with that it also negatively impacted the mental health of people all across the world. People have been facing trouble with sleeping, eating, and alcohol consumption also went up. But the major mental health issues that are identified are stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger, and fear. And the people with existing mental disorders became more sensitive to their symptoms. The rate of suicide also increased, a suspected Covid-19 patient committed suicide in fear of the result of his test, and later it was found that he tested negative. Adding to that the level of concentration has drastically gone down.
On a normal day if you search for symptoms, you might be experiencing during the pandemic, it would lead to the diagnosis of depression but don’t get confused between depression and the COVID-19 blues. The symptoms of COVID-19 blues include:
Feeling of sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness
Restlessness
Guilt
More than normal anger and irritability
Withdrawal from things you normally enjoy
Avoiding talking to friends and family
Change in sleep pattern
Change in appetite.
This is not the only thing, the feeling of eternal aimlessness that has started ever since the pandemic is known as languishing, and remember that you are not alone in this, even the practiced psychologists feel the same way. Languishing can be defined as a state of stagnation when you feel like the days are just passing by but you are not doing anything, you are just living through it. Not being able to focus on things is also a symptom of this.
Issues with Online
While most of the things have been shifted to the online forum and the work is being done in this new way, there are still side-effects of this change. The college students who started the online semesters with motivation have lost all of it as they can no longer focus or pay attention to the lectures, it all feels like background noise to them at this point. They cannot connect with their peers in the same way anymore. The distinction between personal and work time has disappeared, this isn’t just for college students but also adults working from home, everyone is working at any time and the expectation to get work done has increased using the reason “you are at home, you have time”. No one feels any kind of connection with their colleagues which brings troubles in the workflow. Moreover, people have lost any sense of time.
Solution
Here are some solutions to deal with this feeling:
Create a routine, divide your time for housework and job-related work. A routine will help you maintain a sense of normalcy. It will also help you from feeling lost because of too many things to do at the same time.
Try an at-home exercise routine to keep up with your physical health.
Declutter your home, it will help you in feeling productive and in control.
Set small daily goals, even small achievements count.
There is a concept of flow which means the state of absorption. The people who are immersed in some project avoid languishing, solutions for this are:
Even a Netflix binge helps as you connect with the characters of the show and your focus shifts to that.
Keep a goal of setting uninterrupted time for yourself, remove all kinds of distractions and focus on the one work you need to finish. There are applications that make sure you don’t use your phone for how much ever time you fill in.
Conclusion
This has been a very hard time for people all across the world, being scared for physical health was one thing but on the path to that our mental health is in danger and we need to take care of it. Remember to not blame yourself for feeling this way, take things slowly, do things that bring you peace. There is no need to hesitate from consulting a psychologist, if you think you are facing symptoms of depression, consult a psychologist to stay on top of your mental health.
When prevention of climate change is uncertain, preparation is necessary .
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change continues to cause unusual and unpredictable weather around the world. Longer drought, flooding, major stroke, snowfall, temperature extreme will increase earth’s temp upto 3-4 ‘C.
Rising CO² level and warmer earth means plant will grow bigger (more surface area of leaves) and thus plant consume more water. Thus, we face water scarcity.
Smog contain Ozone particles and causes various problems – asthma, heart disease, skin cancer etc.
Plant sciences is the study of plants in all their forms and interactions using a scientific approach.
California’s Almond Orchard:-
In the past, for removing and disposing of the old trees we burn them in the field. But now Old trees are ground, chipped and turned back into soil before New almond tress are planted. It help almond orchard to be more sustainable and resilient to drought and also increasing carbon content in soil.
Whole orchard recycling result compare to burned treatment : 1) Sequester 5 tons of carbon per hectare. 2) Increase water-use efficiency by 20 percent. 3) Increase crop yields by 19 percent.
scientists from the BBSRC managed to breed a new fast-growing broccoli that no longer relies on a period of cold weather to flower, and goes from seed to harvest in only 8-10 weeks. This discovery is especially relevant for broccoli, as it is flower buds that we eat.
Many terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species have shifted their geographic ranges, seasonal activities, migration patterns, abundances, and species interactions in response to ongoing climate change.
Increased carbon dioxide tends to suppress photo-respiration in plants.
C⁴ plant adapt better for high CO² Concentration and photorespiration.
It make 4 C sugar (OAA) thus fix more CO² and produce high amount of energy.
It suited for hot dry climate.
C4 plants include such low-latitude crops as maize, sorghum, sugar-cane, and millet, plus many pasture and forage grasses.
Better adapt for photo oxidation. Prevent photooxidation due to kranz anatomy.
THE CLIMATE CRISIS HAS ALREADY BEEN SOLVED. WE ALREADY HAVE A FACTS AND SOLUTIONS . ALL WE HAVE TO DO IS WAKE-UP AND CHANGE – Greta Thunburg
Land reforms refer to the efforts made by the government to reform the ownership and regulation of land. Land reforms play a great role in the rural agrarian economy. During the pre independence period, there were three types of land tenure systems in India.
The Zamindari System– This system was created by the East India Company as a result of the permanent settlement between Lord Cornwallis and landlords. In this system revenue was collected from farmers by the zamindars or the landlords.
The Mahalwari System– This system was introduced by William Bentinck in Oudh and Agra and was latter extended to Madhya Pradesh. In this system the revenue was collected by village headman on behalf of whole village and here whole village was treated as a unit.
The Ryotwari System– This system was introduced in Tamil Nadu and was extended to Maharashtra, East Punjab, Assam, Coorg and Baar. In this system the land revenue was collected was paid directly by the farmers to the state.
In all three systems, there was exploitation and deprivation. Zamindari system created a class of zamindars who did not work and took away surplus from the cultivators. The lives of tenants and sub tenants was miserable. In the post independent India, land reforms were introduced to stop the exploitation that had been prevailing in the land tenure systems. https://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/agri_economics/CONTENTS/Land%20Tenure.htm The first and foremost step in doing so was abolition of intermediaries. The main reason of exploitation was zamindars. The Zamindari Abolition Act took four and a half years to become a law. Official documents state that zamindari has been abolished now and zamindars are now the big landowners. This has lead to a decline in the exploitation of tenants and the feudal rural structure has crumbled down. Another step taken was the tenancy reforms. Under this, regulation of rent was done. Security of tenure was provided as well. This was done to protect tenants and grant them permanent rights in land. Ownership rights for tenants were also given. Reorganisation of Agriculture was another land reform. Here ceilings on agricultural holdings were provided. Ceiling refers to the legal limit on the amount of land which an individual can hold. However, in rural India, implementing ceiling laws is rather difficult because of the balance of power is weighted against the landless. Another land reform was the consolidation of holdings. This reform was done to solve the problem of fragmented land holdings. In this method one consolidated holding is provided equal to the total of scattered plots. The problem that arises in this reform is the fertility and location of the new land which is provided. Cooperative farming is another land reform which has been advocated to solve the problems created by subdivision of holdings. In this method, farmers who have small land holdings work together for cultivation. It has many advantages. Expensive implements can be bought by clubbing money together. Market surplus of food grain can be obtained more easily. It also encourage the spirit of cooperation. https://www.rauias.com/daily-current-affairs-for-upsc-ias/land-reforms-in-india-an-analysis-upsc/
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