Continuation of Criminal Proceedings After Compromise Would Cause Oppression And Prejudice To Parties: Allahabad High Court

It must be noted that the Allahabad High Court has just recently on October 30, 2019 in a latest, landmark and laudable judgment titled Smt. Gomti Devi and others vs State of UP and another in Application u/s 482 No. – 27341 of 2012 has reiterated that once the parties had decided to enter into a compromise, it would be oppressive and prejudicial to continue the proceedings. Why should the parties continue to suffer even after the compromise is entered into? Why should the proceedings not be nipped in the bud once the parties had decided to enter into a compromise?

                               To start with, this noteworthy judgment authored by Justice Sanjay Kumar Singh of Allahabad High Court first and foremost reads out the introductory part by observing that, “Heard learned counsel for the applicants, learned Additional Government Advocate for the State/opposite party No. 1 and Mr. Rajeev Chaddha, learned counsel for opposite party No. 2 and perused the record with the assistance of learned counsel for the parties.”

                              To be sure, the ball is then set rolling in the real sense in this notable judgment by laying down that, “This application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. has been filed by the applicants for quashing the charge sheet No. 38 of 2012 dated 20.3.2012 as well as entire proceedings of Criminal Case No. 335 of 2012 (State vs. Smt. Madhu  and others) arising out of Case Crime No. 97 of 2012, under Section 420 IPC, police station Simbhawali, district Panchsheel Nagar pending in the court of Additional Civil Judge (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrate-1st, Garh Mukteshwar, district Panchsheel Nagar.”

                                        While elaborating further, it is then explained in this new para about the applicants version that, “It is submitted by learned counsel for the applicants that applicant No. 1 is the purchaser of land in dispute from one Madhu Sharma, who is daughter-in-law of opposite party No. 2 and applicant Nos. 2 and 3 are the witnesses of sale deed dated 12.12.2011. It is also submitted that as per prosecution case, opposite party No. 2 lodged first information report through an application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. on 29.2.2012 making allegation inter alia that his daughter-in-law, Madhu Sharma has wrongly and illegally executed a sale deed of plot in question situated at village Goardhanpur, Ghaziabad (now district Hapur) dated 12.12.2011 in favour of applicant No. 1 after the death of his son, Pramod Kumar, in which the Investigating Officer has submitted impugned charge-sheet dated 20.3.2012 under Section 420 IPC. The said charge sheet dated 20.3.2012 has been under challenge before this Court, in which vide order dated 28.8.2012, interim protection was granted to the applicants directing that until ordered otherwise, no coercive action shall be taken against the applicants.”

                           Delving deeper, it is then stated that, “It is further submitted by learned counsel for the applicants that during the pendency of this application before this Court, parties concerned have entered into a compromise outside the Court, and thereafter, Civil Suit No. 62 of 2017 filed by grand-son of opposite party No. 2 for cancellation of sale deed dated 12.12.2011 has been decided in terms of compromise made between the parties concerned vide order dated 4.5.2017, which has been brought on record as annexure No. 2 to the supplementary affidavit dated 27.2.2018.”

                                  Not stopping here, it is then envisaged that, “It is also submitted that opposite party No. 2, Om Prakash has also moved an affidavit dated 16.10.2017 before the court of Additional Civil Judge (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrate, Garhmukteshwar in Case No. 335 of 2012 (State vs. Smt. Gomti Devi and others) mentioning the factum of compromise made between the parties concerned praying therein to decide the case in terms of compromise, as he does not want to get the case proceeded further. On the said affidavit, order dated 11.1.2018 has been passed by the concerned court below accepting the said compromise affidavit on record. The said order dated 11.1.2018 has been brought on record as annexure No. 5 to the supplementary affidavit dated 27.2.2018.”

                                   Going forward, it is then also pointed out that, “It is also submitted that on account of compromise entered into between the parties concerned, all disputes between them have come to an end and on the aforesaid facts continuance of criminal proceedings pursuant to impugned charge-sheet against the applicants after compromise arrived at between the parties would be a futile exercise, therefore, same is liable to be quashed by this Court.”

                                          Needless to say, it is then also pointed out that, “Learned Additional Government Advocate as well as learned counsel appearing on behalf of opposite party No. 2 do not dispute the aforesaid fact. Learned counsel for opposite party No. 2 has also submitted at the Bar that since the parties concerned have settled their dispute as mentioned above, therefore, opposite party No. 2 has no grievance and has no objection in quashing the impugned criminal proceedings against the applicants.”

                                                It cannot be lost on us that it is then rightly laid down that, “After having heard the arguments of learned counsel for the parties, before proceeding further, it is apposite to give reference of some judgments of the Apex Court, wherein the Apex Court has laid down the guideline for quashing of criminal proceedings arising out of non-compoundable offences under Section 320 Cr.P.C. on the basis of compromise and amicable settlement of criminal cases involving offences which arise from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transaction with an essentially civil flavor dispute, etc. between the parties concerned, which are as follows:-

(i)                         Nikhil Merchant vs Central Bureau of Investigation, 2008 (9) SCC 677.

(ii)                      Manoj Sharma vs State and others, 2008 (16) SCC 1.

(iii)                   Parbatbhai Aahir @ Parbatbhai Vs. State of Gujarat, (2017) 9 SCC 641.

(iv)                   The Apex Court in case of State of Madhya Pradesh Vs. Laxmi Narayan and others AIR 2019 SC 1296, considering previous judgments and section 320 Cr.P.C. has laid down guideline for exercising the inherent power under Section 482 Cr.P.C. in case of settlement of dispute between the parties concerned. Paragraph no. 13 of the said judgment is reproduced herein-below:-

“13. Considering the law on the point and the other decision of this Court on the point, referred to hereinabove, it is observed and held as under:

  1. i)that the power conferred under Section 482 of the Code to quash the criminal proceedings for the non-compoundable offences under Section 320 of the Code can be exercised having overwhelmingly and predominantly the civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes and when the parties have resolved the entire dispute amongst themselves;
  2. ii)such power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involved heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society;

iii)           similarly, such power is not to be exercised for the offences under the special statutes like Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity  are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender;

  1. iv)offences under Section 307 IPC and the Arms Act etc. would fall in the category of heinous and serious offences and therefore are to be treated as crime against the society and not against the individual alone, and therefore, the criminal proceedings for the offence under Section 307 IPC and/or the Arms Act etc., which have a serious impact on the society cannot be quashed in exercise of powers under Section 482 of the Code, on the ground that the parties have resolved their entire dispute amongst themselves. However, the High Court would not rest its decision merely because there is a mention of Section 307 IPC in the FIR or the charge is framed under this provision. It would be open to the High Court to examine as to whether incorporation of Section 307 IPC is there for the sake of it or the prosecution has collected sufficient evidence, which if proved, would lead to framing the charge under Section 307 IPC. For this purpose, it would be open to the High Court to go by the nature of injury sustained, whether such injury is inflicted on the vital/delegate parts of the body, nature of weapons used etc. However, such an exercise by the High Court would be permissible only after the evidence is collected after investigation and the charge sheet is filed/charge is framed and/or during the trial. Such exercise is not permissible when the matter is still under investigation. Therefore, the ultimate conclusion in paragraphs 29.6 and 29.7 of the decision of this Court in the case of Narinder Singh (supra) should be read harmoniously and to be read as a whole and in the circumstances stated hereinabove;
  2. v)while exercising the power under Section 482 of the Code to quash the criminal proceedings in respect of non-compoundable offences, which are private in nature and do not have a serious impact on society, on the ground that there is a settlement/compromise between the victim and the offender, the High Court is required to consider the antecedents of the accused; the conduct of the accused, namely, whether the accused was absconding and why he was absconding, how he had managed with the complainant to enter into a compromise etc.””

                                                 What can be deduced from the above foregoing discussion is stated thus: “On going through the judgments referred herein above makes it very clear that even in the cases which involved non-compoundable offences, their quashing has been approved by the Apex Court if the nature of the offence is such which does not have grave and wider social ramifications and where the dispute is more or less confined between the litigating parties. The inherent jurisdiction of this Court may be suitably exercised if the parties inter-se have mutually decided to bury the hatchet and settle the matter amicably in between them in a criminal litigation emanating from such dispute which are quintessentially of civil nature and other criminal litigations, which do not have grave and deleterious social fall-outs. The Court in the wider public interest may suitably exercise its power in appropriate case and terminate the pending proceedings in order to secure ends of justice or to prevent an abuse of the process of any court. Such positive exercise of the inherent jurisdiction can also find its vindication in a more pragmatic reason. When the complainant of a case or the victim of the offence itself expresses its resolve not to give evidence against the accused in the backdrop of the compromise between the parties inter-se or if the fact of inter-se compromise in between the parties is apparent on the face of record, and they are still called upon to depose in the Court, they in all probability, go back on their words and resile from their previous statements, the truthfulness of which is best known only to themselves. They are in such circumstances very likely to eat their words and perjure themselves. The solemn proceedings of the Court often get reduced to a sham exercise and farce in such circumstances. The proceedings can hardly be taken to their logical culmination and in such circumstances, the prospect of the conviction gets lost.”

                                   More importantly, Justice Sanjay Kumar Singh also in this judgment minces no words to conclude that, “The object of criminal law is primarily to visit the offender with certain consequences. He may be made to suffer punishment or by paying compensation to the sufferer, but the law at the same time also provides that it may not be necessary in every criminal offence to mete out punishment, particularly, if the parties concerned wants to bury the hatchet. If they want to move on in a dispute of civil nature on the basis of compromise, they may be allowed to compound the offences in terms of settlement.”

                                    Most importantly, it is then rightly held that, “After compromise/settlement arrived at between the parties in the present case, the chance of ultimate conviction is bleak and therefore, no useful purpose is likely to be served by allowing a criminal prosecution against the applicants to continue, as the same would be futile exercise and a sheer wastage of precious time of the Court. The continuation of a criminal proceedings after compromise would cause oppression and prejudice to the parties concerned.”

                                           Equally important if not more is what it is then held that, “Considering the facts and circumstances of the case in the light of dictum and guideline laid down by the Apex Court as mentioned above, this Court feels that this is a fit case, where this Court can exercise its inherent power to secure the ends of justice. In view of above interest of justice would be met, if the prayer of parties is acceded to and the criminal proceedings and other litigation between the parties is brought to an end.”

                                              Lastly, it is then held that, “As a fallout and consequence of above discussions, charge sheet No. 38 of 2012 dated 20.3.2012 as well as entire proceedings of Criminal Case No. 335 of 2012 (State vs. Smt. Madhu and others) arising out of Case Crime No. 97 of 2012, under Section 420 IPC, police station Simbhawali, district Panchsheel Nagar pending in the court of Additional Civil Judge (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrate-1st, Garh Mukteshwar, district Panchsheel Nagar against the applicants are hereby quashed. The instant application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. is allowed in terms of compromise as mentioned above.”

                                    In conclusion, it may well be said that the Allahabad High Court has in this extremely laudable judgment very rightly reiterated once again that continuation of criminal proceedings after compromise would cause oppression and prejudice to the parties. The curtains have thus been set on this vital issue. There is thus now no lingering doubt left on this that has not been clarified most clearly by the Allahabad High Court on this key issue!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

India Cannot Be Ever Complete Without Muslims

It was most ashaming to see that how the students of Banaras Hindu University’s (BHU’s) Sanskrit Vedvigyan Sankay (SVDVS) went on strike  demanding the cancellation of the appointment of Assistant Professor Feroze Khan and transfer him to another faculty. These students were opposing the appointment of a Muslim to teach Sanskrit in Banaras Hindu University’s Sanskrit studies department! Nothing on earth can be more shameful than this! India as a nation cannot be ever complete without Muslims and this cannot be ever denied or disputed!

                                             Why do we forget that Muslims are an integral part of India just as Hindus? Why do we forget that many Muslims like Ashfaqullah Khan smilingly sacrificed their lives while fighting against the Britishers so that we can gain freedom? Why do we forget that it was Abdul Hamid who was the main hero of 1965 war against Pakistan who destroyed more than 22 tanks of Pakistan and inflicted huge damage on them?

                                             Why do we forget that we are a secular nation where all religion are equal and not a theocratic nation like Pakistan where one religion alone reigns supreme? Why do we forget that Dr Abdul Kalam was also a Muslim who fathered India’s nuclear weapons and India’s missile programmes like that of Agni, Prithvi among others and went on to become the most popular President of India acceptable to people from all religion equally? Why do we forget that Muslims have contributed for the betterment of our country in all fields? Why do we forget that it was Maulana Abul Kalam Azad who had opposed the partition of India on ground of religion till the last even though Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi had agreed to it? Why do we forget that it was Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan who while opposing partition had said that, “Nehru what have you done? You have made me a foreigner in my own country by agreeing to partition of India on the basis of religion?”

                                   I cannot ever even dream of India without Muslims! I still feel that majority of Indians are secular but such shameful incidents damage the reputation of our country on the international fora! I can never forget how Maulana Mehmood Madani had sharply rebuffed former Pakistani dictator General Pervez Musharraf who when while in India had slammed the condition of Muslims in India saying that, “I am seeing that you want to do politics on the condition of Muslims in India. Don’t worry on this score as 90% Hindus are with us. They shall always remain with us.”

                                             It is good to note that students ultimately decided to call off a fortnight long protest against the appointment of a Muslim to teach Sanskrit in BHU’s Sanskrit studies department, ostensibly swayed by the huge support he received even from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and BHU Vice Chancellor Rakesh Bhatnagar as reported in Hindustan Times newspaper dated November 23. The local chapter of RSS described “as totally wrong” the protest against the appointment of Dr Firoz Khan at the department of Sahitya in the faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vigyan (SVDV). RSS which is the ideological mentor of BJP expressed full support for the appointment of Dr Firoz Khan which is extremely commendable!

                                         While elaborating on this, Jai Prakash Lal who is a senior functionary at the Kashi region RSS while coming out in full support of Dr Firoz Khan said that, “It is the firm, and clear view of the RSS that the protest on communal grounds against a person, who is dedicated to teaching Sanskrit reverentially and has been appointed through a legal selection process, is entirely wrong.”

                                    Good to see that BHU students have now called off their 15-day dharna. It was also good to see that the students associated with Joint Action Committee of BHU took out a march to support the appointment of Firoz Khan as an Assistant Professor in the faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharm Vigyan. They expressed their full solidarity with him which has only served to enhance their own image in front of the nation! A senior administrative official of the BHU also said that that 99% of the University staff and administration were behind Mr Khan.

                                    It is also good to note that even the BHU Vice Chancellor Rakesh Bhatnagar took a firm stand in favour of the appointment of Dr Firoz Khan which helped defused the protest! He said without mincing any words that, “There is no question of looking back at the matter as the appointment has been done on basis of pure merit.” Why the hell are then some few students objecting on the baseless ground of religion alone? This is most despicable and deserves no space in a democratic country like India which cannot be ever complete without Muslims!

                             In my personal life only once I witnessed a Muslim who faced discrimination on the ground of religion about which I have never written earlier. My school friend Rais Khan who studied with me in Class XI in Sagar once way back in 1990-91 while standing alone stood a lot dejected with virtual tears in his eyes. I asked him what happened. He said that wherever I go our class fellows stop talking and slowly start going away and I am left totally alone.

                                 Let me be candid enough to concede that I had never observed this till that time but when I started observing I found that he was right and wherever he used to go and stand except he and me, all used to leave on one ground or the other like going to drink water etc! My friend Rais Khan said inconsolably that, “They feel that I am Muslim and as Mulayam Singh Yadav had ordered firing on Hindus at Karsewaks in 1990 in which many Hindus had died so I should be boycotted.” I became very angry for this unpardonable act of theirs!

                                   I immediately consoled Rais and told him that I am with you so just don’t worry and we both will stay together always and you don’t bother about others. I started slamming hard all those who did such boycott act and asked them whenever they tried to taunt me for talking with him that, “What is the fault of my friend Rais Khan if Mulayam Singh Yadav ordered police to open firing on karsewaks? Did Rais Khan play any role in it? When he has no role then why are you all boycotting him for what has been done by a Hindu politician named Mulayam Singh Yadav? Why no one is boycotting him who is the real culprit and who was the real force behind ordering fire on karsewaks? Why is Rais being singled out just on ground of his being a Muslim?” These words of mine did the magic and slowly all Hindus of my class realized their folly and started talking with him gradually one after the other in a normal manner for which he thanked me but I said that there is no need to thank me as you are my friend and shall always remain so no matter what others may say or behave in the most foolish manner!

                              I must acknowledge that Rais too stood with me in my trying times and even once told the Principal most bluntly that, “If Sanjeev Sirohi will be expelled from school on any ground whatsoever then expel me also because he always stood by me in my trying times while narrating the whole incident. I will not continue with my studies without my friend Sanjeev Sirohi”. The Principal who was a “Sister” of St Joseph Convent School was visibly shaken and she commended me for standing with him when all others had boycotted him!

                                            Coming back to the subject at hand, it is most heartening to note that even Dinesh Sharma who is UP Deputy Chief Minister has come out strongly in support of Dr Firoz Khan and he categorically and clearly asserted that, “Teachers do not have any religion. Students can always raise questions about the appointment process, whether merit has been compromised in the selection process of the teacher. But students cannot raise questions about the religion of teachers. I was taught Sanskrit by a Muslim teacher, Sir Waliullah Khan, when I was studying at Government Jubilee Inter College in Lucknow. Recently, I felicitated Waliullah Khan Sir at a function held in my school. It was such an emotional moment for me.” I have just no words to appreciate Dinesh Sharma for such a strong stand as he has taken on this sensitive issue even as many others strangely prefer to keep quiet on it! Every Indian must emulate the worthy example of UP’s Deputy Chief Minister Dinesh Sharma if we truly want our nation to grow powerful, progressive and prosperous! India as a nation cannot be ever complete without Muslims and we all must ensure that no Muslim ever feels isolated on any ground whatsoever!

                                        It goes without saying that we must all live like good human beings without discriminating against anyone on ground of religion alone. Deanswift had once rightly said that, “We have just enough religion to make us hate one another but not enough to make us love one another.” We must always remember that India as a nation can be complete only with people from all religion living in peace and harmony and respecting each others sentiments always!

                               If this does not happen then there will be communal violence, strife and discord which can never be in the long term national interest of our country! Strict legal action must be taken against all those who try to discriminate against anyone on ground of religion, caste, sex or community or any other ground whatsoever! There has to be zero tolerance for intolerance!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

Maharashtra – Urgent Floor Test Ordered To Curtail Horse Trading, To Protect Democratic Values: SC

It is quite significant to note that just recently, the Supreme Court on November 26, 2019 in Shiv Sena And Ors. Vs Union Of India And Ors. in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1393 of 2019 in the ongoing serious political deadlock in Maharashtra has very rightly ordered an urgent floor test to be held on November 27 at 5 PM so that it may well be pretty clear as to whether the newly sworn in Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis enjoys majority in the State Assembly or not! This latest order was necessitated after Shiv Sena knocked the doors of the Apex Court along with Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and Congress. It is also notable that the Apex Court has made some very important observations which shall be discussed later.

                                      To start with, this notable and latest judgment delivered by Justice NV Ramana, Justice Ashok Bhushan and Justice Sanjiv Khanna sets the ball rolling by first and foremost pointing out in para 1 that, “There is no gainsaying that the boundaries between the jurisdiction of Courts and Parliamentary independence have been contested for a long time [Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 25th edition, 321 (2019)]. However, there is a need and requirement for recognizing institutional comity and separation of powers so as to tailor judicial interference in the democratic processes only as a last resort. This case pertains to one such situation, wherein this Court is called upon to adjudicate and maintain democratic values and facilitate the fostering of the citizens’ right of good governance.”

                                  While laying the background, it is then recapitulated in para 2 that, “Before we pass any orders, we need to make a brief reference to the factual aspects giving rise to the petition herein. It was well known that there existed a pre-poll alliance between the Bharatiya Janata Party [for short ‘BJP’] and the Shiv Sena, who contested the Fourteenth Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections jointly. On 24.10.2019, the results for the aforesaid elections were declared and no single party had the requisite majority in the House. On 09.11.2019, the Governor called upon the BJP to indicate its willingness to form the Government, being the single largest party with 105 seats. However, the BJP declined to form the Government on 10.11.2019, as the alliance with the Shiv Sena allegedly broke down.” This clearly manifests that at this point of time the BJP did not have the requisite numbers to prove its majority in the floor of the House!

                                              Moving on, it is then illustrated in para 3 that, “Subsequently, the Governor invited the Shiv Sena to form the Government. In this regard, the Shiv Sena is said to have shown its willingness to stake a claim to form the Government, claiming to have support of the majority. However, the aforesaid endeavor was not fruitful either. Thereafter, the Governor’s effort to seek the Nationalist Congress Party’s [for short ‘NCP’] willingness to stake a claim to form the Government was also not successful. Ultimately, the Governor recommended President’s Rule on 12.11.2019, which was imposed by a Presidential Proclamation on the same day.” This clearly manifests that no party had the requisite numbers and the Opposition were not united in staking claim to form the Government at that point of time. The coalition between Shiv Sena, Congress and NCP took an excruciatingly long time to emerge as a legitimate stakeholder. This alone explains why we saw that President’s rule was imposed.

                         Needless to say, it is then laid bare in para 4 that, “It is brought to our attention that the Petitioners, i.e. , Shiv Sena, NCP and the Indian National Congress [for short ‘INC’] were in discussion to form a coalition government during this period, and accordingly, a press conference is supposed to have been held on 22.11.2019 regarding the same.”

                                     Going forward, it is then enunciated in para 5 that, “It has been canvassed before us that at 5:47 a.m., on 23.11.2019, the President’s Rule was revoked in exercise of powers conferred by clause (2) of Article 356 of the Constitution. Thereafter, the Governor, by letter dated 23.11.2019 invited Respondent No. 3 to form the Government. The oath of office and secrecy was administered accordingly to Respondent Nos. 3 and 4 at around 8:00 a.m. on 23.11.2019 at Raj Bhavan, Mumbai.” This came in for a lot of stinging criticism from various quarters as transparency in sticking to rules were given a complete good bye!

                               Most importantly, it is then very rightly held in para 27 that, “We may note that in the present case, oath has not been administered to the elected members even though a month has elapsed since the declaration of election results. In such emergent facts and circumstances, to curtail unlawful practices such as horse trading, to avoid uncertainty and to effectuate smooth running of democracy by ensuring a stable Government, we are of the considered opinion that it is necessary to pass certain interim directions in this case. In this context, it is necessary and expedient to conduct the floor test as soon as possible to determine whether the Chief Minister, who was administered the oath of office, has the support of the majority or not. Since the elected members of the Legislative Assembly are yet to take oath as specified in the III Schedule of the Constitution, and the Speaker is also yet to be elected, we request the Governor of the State of Maharashtra to ensure that a floor test be held on 27.11.2019. The following procedure is to be followed for conducting the floor test:

  1. Pro-tem Speaker shall be solely appointed for the aforesaid agenda immediately.
  2. All the elected members shall take oath on 27.11.2019, which exercise should be completed before 5:00 p.m.
  3. Immediately thereafter, the Pro-tem Speaker shall conduct the floor test in order to ascertain whether the Respondent No. 3 has the majority, and these proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with law. The floor test will not be conducted by secret ballot.
  4. The proceedings have to be live telecast, and appropriate arrangements are to be made to ensure the same.”

                                            Lastly, it is then held in para 28 that, “Eight weeks time is granted to the learned counsel for the respondents to file their respective counter affidavits. Rejoinder affidavit, if any, is to be filed within four weeks thereafter. The matter to be listed after twelve weeks.”

                                            On a concluding note, it may well be said that the Apex Court has chosen the right path in holding that  a floor test to be held on 27.11.2019. The Apex Court has rightly decided not to delay this crucial matter any further as it would have only served in ensuring that horse trading happens which can never be allowed under any circumstances as it gives a bad name to our democratic country and ensures that corrupt politicians rule the roost! To ensure that no unfair means are resorted to by any of the political party and to ensure that democratic values are  duly protected, the Apex Court has also rightly decided to direct that the  proceedings have to be live telecast, and appropriate arrangements are to be made to ensure the same!  It has also been made clear that the floor test will not be conducted by secret ballot. It is a highly commendable ruling and it has rightly relied on the proposition that floor test was the best method to test majority and certainly it must be lauded unequivocally!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

Guide to live a Happy Life !

–You’re going to realise it one day-
That happiness was never about your job, or you degree, or being in a relationship. Happiness was never about following  the footsteps of all of those who came before you, it was never about being like others.
One day you are going to see  it – that happiness was all about the discovery, the hope, the listening to your heart and following or wherever it chose to go. Happiness was always about being kinder to yourself, it was always about embracing the person you are becoming. One day you will understand that happiness was all about learning how to live with yourself, that it was never in the hands of other people. It was about you , It is about you and It will always be about you–

Since long time, I’ve been exploring the best ways that people can live happily. And over the last year.
Outsmart Your Smartphone,Conscious Tech Habits for Finding Happiness, Balance, and Connection IRL. Even though there are tons of things you can do to live a happier life, I’ve narrowed our focus down to the 10 skills you can build that I believe are the most important to increase happiness. By building these skills, you can start to live a happy life.

1. Live a happy life by creating a plan for your happiness.

You wouldn’t bake a cake without a recipe. You wouldn’t go to a place you’ve never been without a map. And you shouldn’t try to build happiness without a plan either. Creating a good happiness plan is what takes you from where you are now to the happy life you envision.

2. Develop yourself to live a happy life.

Remember when something you wanted to do seemed impossible? Maybe it was that first time you rode a bike, or drove a car, or asked someone out on a date. Then you did it and realized you had it in you all along. Creating a happy life is the same way — the first step is believing in yourself and your ability to live happily. Then you’ll see that you had it in you all along. This is why engaging in personal development is key to living a happy life.

3. Think positive to create a happy life. 

We all know someone who will find the one bad thing in every situation. Maybe this person is us. If we learn to think positive instead, we can make even the most obnoxious situations more enjoyable, creating a happier life from the one we have now. Every moment of every day is a little better, because we can find the silver linings. This is why positive thinking is key to a happier life.

4. Boost your self-confidence to create a happy life.

If we don’t have self-confidence, it’s easy to think that there’s something fundamentally wrong with us — that there’s nothing we can do to change ourselves and create the happy life we desire. But self-confidence is actually a skill. When we learn how to think, feel, and act in ways that make us a person we really love, we can be more self-confident and, as a result, live happily more easily.

5. Create work-life balance for a happy life. 

Are you exhausted, demotivated, and in desperate need of a break? By learning how to create better work-life balance, you can make better use of the limited time you do have in your life. As a result, you end up enjoying all parts of your life a bit more.

6. Build resilience for a happier life. 

Sometimes life knocks you down — there is no getting around that. What really matters for creating a happy life is how easy it is for you to get back up. Developing emotional resilience keeps those challenges and hardships from overwhelming you. You recover more quickly from difficulties, and as a result, you’ll live happily more days each month and year.

7. Be more mindful to create a happy life. 

Now that we live in a high-tech world, we go through much of our lives on autopilot. As a result, we miss out on the best parts of being alive — positive experiences, connections with others, and even having fun. So maybe we already have a happy life . . . and we just don’t see it. When you become more mindful and self-aware, you stop feeling so numb and are able to better enjoy everything your life has to offer.

8. Find your life purpose for a happy life. 

We all want our lives to feel like they matter. It can be tricky, though, to figure out what matters to us. Each person’s life purpose is different, and learning to notice when you’ve found your purpose is a skill. By building this skill, your life becomes more meaningful and more satisfying, so you can live happily more easily.

9. Practice kindness to live a happier life.

We’re often so focused on boosting our own happiness that we ignore how we affect others. This is a huge mistake, because kindness is, counterintuitively, one of the best ways to create a happy life. Acts of kindness fuel a longer-lasting, more enduring type of happiness. So when you build this skill, you live more of your days happily.

10. Build healthy relationships for a happy life.

So often we think that a happy life is something we must build on our own. But long-term happiness actually comes from the relationships that we build with others. In fact, healthy relationships are the most important factor in both our health and our happiness. This is why learning how to develop better relationships helps you live happily for life.

Here are some steps which will help to boost the above skills :

~ Clarify why you want a happy life.
~ Clarify when you’ll build the skills that lead to a happy life.
~ Decide which happiness skills to build.
~ Decide in what order you will build the skills that lead to a happy life.
~ Commit to your goal to create a happier life.
~ Develop a growth mindset that focuses on           your belief in your ability to create a happy life.
~ Identify your values.
~ Define a happy life in your own words.
~ Record your progress towards personal development.
~ Get some help developing yourself to build a happy life.
~ Help your brain get used to thinking positive.
~ Start your day by imagining the way it looks in your happy life.
~ Savor positive moments.
~ Capitalize on positive moments.
~ Pay attention to the positive things.
~ Create a collection of positive images or positive quotes.
~ Think positive, but think negative when you need to​.
~ Practice gratitude​.
~ Stop minimizing your successes​.
~ Practice self-compassion.
~  Imagine your best self.
~ Know your strengths.
~ Celebrate your successes.
~ Practice mindful acceptance.
~ Observe your situation to increase your awareness​.
~ Find the positives in negative situations​.
~ Create a collection of images or quotes that inspire you to live happily.
~ Understand the benefits of negative emotions.
~ Beef up your coping skills.
~ Stop your negative thought cycles.
~ Be more present in the moment.
~ Take breaks from technology.
~ Pay more attention to find the meaning in your life.
~ Spend more time uninterrupted
~ Identify your values.
~ Find out what drives you.

Of course, building all of these skills takes time. If you need help, get support to walk you through the steps and guide you on your journey to living a happier life

How Social Media fits into Digital Marketing.

Social media is one of the most important platform for digital marketing as the presence on social media helps to reach out a number of audience which later turn into their customers.

Digital marketing uses the social media platform to promote their business ideas, products or services. It is the best way to engage traffic to their sites and attract large amount of audience. The main aim of digital marketing is to reach the target audience and social media helps it to reach millions of people around the world in just few minutes.

Benefits of Digital marketing on Social media.

Improved marketing strategies.

As social media allows people to connect with each other and it also allows the marketers to observe the user data and the day to day activities of the people or customers and get to learn their intrests and dislikes and then take further steps on a regular basis to plan their marketing strategies accordingly, this leads to an improved and stable marketing business.

Improvement and increase in sales.

As social media allows the customers to view your products and order online they take the opportunity and avail the offer or services as soon as possible. As the customers reach out to your products and make a purchase, you can get the credentials which are required to contact them later on for further more advertisements. Moreover if they tend to like the product, chances are that they could become your regular customer and the reviews they leave online and the people they meet and let them know about your business will also help in the publicity of your company.

Improved customer satisfaction.

The most important aspect of Social media in terms of digital marketing is that it helps the customers to keep their word, send their feedback and ask their questions or queries regarding the products or the brand. Social media allows you to quickly review their feedback and quickly resolve their queries, this way the customers have no doubts and this operation leads to satisfied customers and what do satisfied customers do? That’s right they are your lead and will help you in boosting your business.

Improved Brand awareness.

Having a strong brand name on social media is very important as majority of the customers before buying any of their desired products go through online websites and social media. A strong. Brand name could attract them to your product and make them your customer. You can take your brand on Facebook and Instagram for better results, as by publishing Facebook ads, it could lead to get you a lot of customers.

Improved SEO rankings.

As the audience from social media carry a lot of traffic to your website, it makes you stand out from your competition due to the social signals received by your website. As a result search engines are more likely to rank your site higher in terms of relevant search results.

Improved and increased web traffic.

As you promote quality and informative content on your social media profiles, it will give rise to the toll of followers and customers to your website and will eventually lead to a lot of sales.

As we know that social media is the latest addition to the digital marketing world as it promotes all kinds of messages and brands on top quality social media apps like Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Instagram, Twitter, Google+, Snapchat and Tumblr which obviously catches the eye of alot of audience and leads to the promotion of the brand.

The technique of social media is really simple, create the content and use the social media platform to promote it and gain audience and hence social media marketing has become a part of digital marketing.

The major advantage of social media is that it is completely free to use and promote your stuff without even spending a single penny unlike some of the digital marketing tools. You can make daily progress and updates without worrying about the money.

Conclusion

There is no scope for loss when you take your business on social media, there is only one way and that is the route to progress and success. If you have your business online but not on social media it is like owning a business and not letting anyone know about it.Last but not the least social media gives you the valueable opportunity to gain new insights into your customers,it leads you to the customers who believed your business did not exist.

HOW TO STUDY PROPERLY

Studying for long hours is only beneficial if done in the proper way. If you are not studying in the right manner, it is a certainty that all those hours would not lead to desired results. By tweaking your studying techniques backed by research project you’ll improve the standard of the content learnt and may also retain it for a extended time. 

1. Focused and diffused learningUse both focused and diffuse modes of learning. Focused mode is when you focus attentively on a topic and study it with no distraction. After doing this for some time (can follow the Pomodoro technique), you can switch over to some other tasks. In this time period, the brain works on the material learnt, processing and understanding it. This is a reason why if you can’t understand something, you’ll grasp it easily once you visit it later. 

2. Play hard, study smartInclude activities like exercising, walking, playing any sport in your daily timetable. These physical activities assist your brain in understanding unfamiliar topics and ideas . Do not think of them as just another pastime. It is not smart to only study for the whole day with zero physical activity. 

3. Sleep!Sleeping is very crucial to your learning. Waking up the night before the exam and cramming the entire night can help in the short term but it is not at all helpful when it comes to longer retention span. Sleeping helps in clearing the toxins produced in the brain during the day and consolidates the material learnt.

4. Spaced studyingMake sure that your learning is spaced over a period of days. Learn every day, this gives the time to make the previous concepts stronger and understand the new things in a better way. It is not smart to study a lot one day and then not studying anything for the next five days.

5. Apply what you have learntPractice what you have learnt. If you cannot solve a problem, do not see the solution immediately. Try using the concepts that you have learnt and if you are still stuck use hints if available. After exhausting all paths, you can check the solution but make sure to actually work it out. Just reading the solution is not enough. 

6. Mixing up thingsAfter mastering one topic do not stick to it, move to newer concepts. This might seem difficult and it is quite likely that you would end up procrastinating, but start anyhow. Reading the same concepts might give you the sense of progress but you should be real to yourself. 

7. Learning from basicsWhen learning a new concept, approach it right from the basics and then explain it to yourself in simpler terms. This is also known as Feynman’s technique and it is very effective when dealing with difficult and layered topics.

8. Watch out for new ideasBe open to new ideas and techniques when solving problems. If you are acquainted with a method, you might often feel that it is the most effective approach. This can block you from knowing and trying better techniques that exist. So be receptive to learning new things.

9. Consistent learningLearning compounds with consistency. Even if you’ve got started late, do a daily portion everyday. An essential aspect of smart study is to spot the facility of normal learning. Throughout human history, there are many samples of people that have started late and achieved mastery in their field.

How to use Facebook Ads to Boost your Real Estate Business.

Facebook is one of the biggest platform to podcast your ads and boost your real estate business. With a huge number of audience present at one platform,thus you are able to reach billions of customers at just one go. Audience of all sorts of age range can be found on this platform.

How Facebook can be crucial for real estate advertising.

As we know billions of people who use the internet are on Facebook.People tend to use the internet for all sort of little things. As compared to the old times people don’t tend to find their homes through their relatives or friends, now everything’s online as with just one click people tend to find their dream home. By advertising on Facebook it makes you reach a lot of potential customers.

How to setup a real estate ad.

First you need to set certain goals and organize a campaign level as to what type of ad you would want to run and the sort of public engagement you expect. Facebook allows you to set the audience who can view your ads and who don’t. So it’s best for you to choose the homeowners and deny the local realtors. You can add text, images, videos, buttons and actions in your ad.

Benefits of using Facebook to boost your real estate business.

Traffic ads.

Traffic ads allows you to showcase the ads to the people who certainly click on the ads. These types of ads work best when you are trying to drive traffic to your page and the audience will give it a lead.

Engagement ads.

These types of ads will be shown to the people who always like, share and comment. This ad works best when you are trying to make a name for your real estate business in the community.

Retargeting ads.

These are the ads which are designed by Facebook and are viewed by the audience who already know your business this will help you to stay on top of their heads.

This is why Facebook is the best platform for advertising your business as it reaches out to all the potential customers by sending the right ad to the right person at the very right time.

Targeting the audience.

There are several ways in which you can target the desired audience.

By Demographic

It is the study of population based on the factors of age, race and sex. By this you can target various types of people such as homeowners, First time home buyers, new parents, adult parents etc.

By Geography

You can target people living in the same neighborhood, same city or same country by the use of zip codes and also with the help of Facebook to mark a radius around a particular address.

Allow your ad on Facebook for a short period of time as when the clicks on the ad goes down your ad cost goes up. So the shorter the better.

Tips

Tips to use the Facebook ads.

Always add a link to your ad as many people don’t know where to click while seeing an ad but always will know that the link will lead them to the right place.

At the end of your ad always add some catchy advertising lines such as “call us anytime” or “We are always available for you” .

As Facebook is obviously a part of social media and social media has all sorts of emojis and people tend to like seeing some sort of expressions with the text they are viewing, so we highly recommend you to use them as a part of your ad.

Use good images and videos, this will catch the eye of the customer as they like the image attached to your ad they will very well view your add and also might click the link in the description and lead to the official site.

Do not provide all the information on your ad, it’s just supposed to be a teaser so that they can click and hop onto your ad for all the required information. That way they get to know you and you get to know them.

Stay consistent as Facebook Ads also takes time to catch the eye of an audience and by repetive availability of the ad on the screen the audience recognizes and remembers the ad or brand.

The power of Facebook Pixel.

If one wishes to carry out a retargeting ad he must have access to Facebook Pixel. The app tracks the leads of the audience so Facebook knows if someone has visited your site before. The power of Facebook Pixel acts in a way that after the ad is published the Pixel enters the learning mode and learns about the type of people that have visited the ads and once it understands the algorithm of the situation, it will show your ads to the similar audience.

The audience should be able to contact you easily so make sure to put your contact information on every page of your website.

Conclusion.

Real estate business requires alot of leads to promote and settle and that’s where Facebook Ads are used to boost those leads. It is the most effective way to generate leads cheaply and quickly.

Sugar and its impact on health

We always carve to eat something sweet especially after meal or maybe every day. It is common to have sugar carving all day. But do we ever think of the reason behind it. Sugar, is soluble carbohydrate which we all carve for. Reason can be many. But according few health experts sugar cravings may be the result of an essential nutrient deficiency. it is important to notice the psychological and biological reasons that are motivating your sweet tooth for a healthy life style. Sugar sucrose, a disaccharide, made up of two sugars (glucose and fructose) bound together.

Sugar is a base ingredient for centuries and enhancing flavors in many foods we take. It is important ingredient of any baking good or candy, cookies and any kind of dessert we carve for. Sugar magic flavors make food tastier so that we keep coming back and buying more. It is also referred as the bliss point in food industry that means a perfect amount of added sugar to increase the sweetness of a product to just the right level, where it isn’t too sweet but is just sweet enough that we’ll keep coming back for more, is known as the “bliss point” in the food industry.

When people consume sugar, it lite up the mood and activates pleasure center in the brain that makes us feel good. In scientific term a chemical called dopamine gets released, and because of that experience this pleasurable sensation. And that is why we enjoy this feeling to have more and more sugar and seek more sugary items. So, basically it is control of the brain that makes sugar so addictive and hard to give up or in other word one can say that it is brain’s reward.

Sugar is so addictive that many people even after consciously trying to quit sugar have failed and could not leave it. And as wise saying that, excess of everything is bad, Sugar being one the major component of our daily intakes brings a lot of health issues with it. There is a term called hidden sugar that goes for ketchups, BBQ sauces, salad dressings and various other condiments. If taken a closer look at the ingredients of many food item when you shop, like Jam, canned food item, juice, milk products, chocolates and many more are packed with high amount of sugar content in it. A lot of canned vegetables like beans, peas, or tomatoes contain added sugar which sometimes goes unnoticed and can bring many health hazards to person taking them frequently. Also som4 of the vegetables item like organic vegetables doesn’t always mean sugar-free! Some countries even advice eating less amount of sugar and keep the sugar doses at low to avoid health risk. So next time before picking an item from shopping mart ckeck the ingredients and sugar level in to keep check on your health.  

Reduction in syllabus and instructional hours

Union Minister of Human Resource Development Mr. Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ said in a tweet that the centre is planning to contemplate the option of reduction in syllabus and instructional hours for the coming academic session. The ministry also appealed teachers, academicians, and educationalists to share their point of view on the sudden crisis. COVID-19 has shaken the grounds of existing procedures in the country in the area of academics and education. Universities and schools across the country have been closed since March 16, when the Central Government announced a nation-wide lockdown as a measure to reduce and limit the growth of COVID-19 in the country. The running CBSE class10 &12 was also halted as an emergency measure. Any sudden and unplanned change in the academic schedule has the potential to create chaos and commotion. Hence Manoj Ahuja recently stated that ”We cannot bring sudden changes in the education system and create confusion and uncertainty. The curriculum reforms are going to be in sync with the learning outcomes”. To make up for the loss caused by the pandemic the ministry thus, plans in reduction of the academic syllabus. This was brought in light after a day after Manish Sisodia, deputy chief minister and education minister of Delhi, requested him to reduce the syllabus by 30%. It is a well known fact that online classes can never be seen as a replacement of learning on campus or in school. ”First of all, we need to assure every child irrespective of age and social class that they are important to us and all of them have equal right to the physical and intellectual space of their schools. The notion of online teaching or older children coming to school first and not the youngest ones should be put to rest”, said Mr. Sisodia.

Online classes

The trend of online classes flourished in the wake of the pandemic. Slowly but constantly schools and colleges started conducting classes online. Despite being a substitute and seemingly fulfilling the purpose, online classes does very little to online education. There are various reasons for the incompetency of online classes, the very first being Internet connectivity. The Indian internet penetration rate in the country stood at around 50% IN 2020. Recently, a girl from Kerala committed suicide due to lack of resources in accessing online classes. This case highlights the inadequacy of online educational infrastructure in the nation. Reasons like slow internet connection adds more to the perils. Apart from this basic deficiency, online classes cannot compensate for the lack of school education especially for kids because of potential dangers of internet exposure. Conducting a fair and systematic exams online will moreover become a herculean task for the academic institutions. Lack of accreditation and low quality also makes certain online courses less reliable and authentic. Online education creates a monologue and not a real dialogue between the instructor and the student and the monologue lacks in a personalised conversation leading to lack of interest. Online education also leads to increase in screen time which carries along numerous health issues from eyes to the spinal cord. It requires an increased requirement of self-direction too. Despite the potential pitfalls, online education has become popular because of the flexibility it offers and especially because of non-availability of traditional and conventional methods of teaching.

Management During Pandemic.

As the spread and far-reaching impacts of Covid-19 dominate the world news, we have all been witnessing and experiencing the parallel spread of worry, anxiety, and instability. Indeed, in a crisis, our mental state often seems only to exacerbate an already extremely challenging situation, becoming a major obstacle in itself. Why is this and how can we change it? As the CEO of a firm that brings mindfulness to companies to unlock new ways of thinking and working, let me share a bit about how the mind responds to crises, like the threat of a pandemic.

Even without a constant barrage of bad or worrisome news, your mind’s natural tendency is to get distracted. Our most recent study found that 58% of employees reported an inability to regulate their attention at work. As the mind wanders, research has shown that it easily gets trapped into patterns and negative thinking. During times of crisis — such as those we are living through now — this tendency is exacerbated, and the mind can become even more hooked by obsessive thinking, as well as feelings of fear and helplessness. It’s why we find ourselves reading story after horrible story of quarantined passengers on a cruise ship, even though we’ve never stepped foot on a cruise ship, nor do we plan to.

When your mind gets stuck in this state, a chain reaction begins. Fear begins to narrow your field of vision, and it becomes harder to see the bigger picture and the positive, creative possibilities in front of you.  As perspective shrinks, so too does our tendency to connect with others. Right now, the realities of how the coronavirus spreads can play into our worst fears about others and increase our feelings of isolation, which only adds fuel to our worries.

Watching the past month’s turmoil unfold, I have been reminded of the old Buddhist parable of the second arrow. The Buddha once asked a student: “If a person is struck by an arrow, is it painful? If the person is struck by a second arrow, is it even more painful?” He then went on to explain, “In life, we cannot always control the first arrow. However, the second arrow is our reaction to the first. And with this second arrow comes the possibility of choice.”

We are all experiencing the first arrow of the coronavirus these days. We are impacted by travel restrictions, plummeting stock prices, supply shortages etc. But the second arrow — anxiety about getting the virus ourselves, worry that our loved ones will get it, worries about financial implications and all the other dark scenarios flooding the news and social media — is to a large extent of our own making. In short, the first arrow causes unavoidable pain, and our resistance to it creates fertile ground for all the second arrows.

It’s important to remember that these second arrows — our emotional and psychological response to crises — are natural and very human. But the truth is they often bring us more suffering by narrowing and cluttering our mind and keeping us from seeing clearly the best course of action.

The way to overcome this natural tendency is to build our mental resilience through mindfulness. Mental resilience, especially in challenging times like the present, means managing our minds in a way that increases our ability to face the first arrow and to break the second before it strikes us. Resilience is the skill of noticing our own thoughts, unhooking from the non-constructive ones, and rebalancing quickly. This skill can be nurtured and trained. Here are three effective strategies:

First, calm the mind.

When you focus on calming and clearing your mind, you can pay attention to what is really going on around you and what is coming up within you.  You can observe and manage your thoughts and catch them when they start to run away towards doomsday scenarios. You can hold your focus on what you choose versus what pulls at you with each ping of a breaking news notification.

This calm and present state is crucial. Right away, it helps keep the mind from wandering and getting hooked, and it reduces the pits of stress and worry that we can easily get stuck in. Even more importantly, the continued practice of unhooking and focusing our minds builds a muscle of resilience that will serve us time and time again. When we practice bringing ourselves back to the present moment, we deepen our capacity to cope and weather all sorts of crises, whether global or personal.

Look out the window.

Despair and fear can lead to overreactions. Often, it feels better to be doing something … anything … rather than sitting with uncomfortable emotions. In the past few weeks, I have felt disappointment and frustration with important business initiatives that have been adversely impacted by Covid-19. But I have been trying to meet this frustration with reflection versus immediate reaction. I know my mind has needed space to unhook from the swirl of bad news and to settle into a more stable position from which good planning and leadership can emerge. So, I have been trying to work less and to spend more time looking out my window and reflecting. In doing so, I have been able to find clearer answers about how best to move forward, both personally and as a leader.

Connect with others through compassion.

Unfortunately, many of the circles of community that provide support in times of stress are now closed off to us as cities and governments work to contain the spread of the virus. Schools are shut down, events are cancelled, and businesses have enacted work-from-home policies and travel bans. The natural byproduct of this is a growing sense of isolation and separation from the people and groups who can best quell our fears and anxieties.

The present climate of fear can also create stigmas and judgments about who is to blame and who is to be avoided, along with a dark, survivalist “every person for him/herself” mindset and behaviors.  We can easily forget our shared vulnerability and interdependence.

But meaningful connection can occur even from the recommended six feet of social distance between you and your neighbor — and it begins with compassion. Compassion is the intention to be of benefit to others and it starts in the mind.  Practically speaking, compassion starts by asking yourself one question as you go about your day and connect — virtually and in person — with others: How can I help this person to have a better day?

With that simple question, amazing things begin to happen. The mind expands, the eyes open to who and what is really in front of us, and we see possibilities for ourselves and others that are rich with hope and ripe with opportunity.

Environmental Pollution

Today, Environmental pollution is occurring on a vast and unprecedented scale around the globe. People are becoming increasingly aware of the threat posed by environmental pollution and government are enacting legislation to protect the environment.

Environment pollution is the introduction of pollutants into the natural environment, and causes adverse effects to the ecosystem. Today’s pollution is integrally related to economic production, modern technology, life-styles, the sizes of human and animal populations, and a host of other factors. This is the result of increased production of waste products, rapid urbanization, over consumption and over exploitation of natural resources, unplanned sewage and waste disposal from industries and cities etc.

Environmental Pollution may be of the following types : Air pollution , Noise pollution , Water pollution , Soil pollution , Thermal pollution and Radiation pollution. These affect both the living and non-living components of the environment bringing about drastic changes to the physical environment causing community wide problems by polluting the air, water, land , adversely affecting the health of human and animals and damaging plants and property.

Environmental stress on the human body increases with many medical experts fearing a terminal increase in infectious disorders because viruses and other organisms may increase through food processing plants or water treatment as the quality of water and food at the intake deteriorates. Also pollution has caused the deterioration of structural materials like marble and limestone along with having adverse effects on the atmospheric conditions as it is contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, acid rain etc.

Factors affecting environmental pollution include:

1.Growing and releasing large number of certain chemicals principally from burning fossil fuels that are now significantly altering the natural systems on a global scale.

2. Population growth is one of the prominent factors that affects the degradation of the environment. This is because as the people multiply and the space available to each individual becomes smaller day by day, so does the demand per person increases day by day along with the increase in amount of waste we throw away leading to an over consumption and over utilization of resources and hence posing a grave threat to the environment.

3.Steady increase in the use and release of toxic substances to the environment. Over the past couple of decades, many national and international projects and programs on river water quality management and assessment on the perspective of conservation were conducted as many lakes and rivers were found to highly polluted with fertilizers, organic wastes, radioactive substances and other chemicals.

Careless management of natural resources is disrupting the ecological process so much that the earth’s life supporting capacity is substantially threatened. Hence , a combined effort to control pollution has to be made by all government agencies, industrialists, agriculturalists, scientists and by every single individual. To address the serious pollution challenges of decades ahead, several large-scale social and technological transitions are needed. These transitions include shifting away from fossil fuels and waste-intensive technologies, bringing our most sophisticated science to bear, altering prices and other economic incentives and progressing to a stable world population.

Xaireaphobia – I am

Xaireaphobia – rare word but a very common issue, the fear of saying goodbyes.
That’s me I hate saying goodbyes.
saying goodbye that is so hard. You know why because it’s the emptiness that stays after you say goodbye. There are goodbyes that leave behind emptiness that will be so hard to fill. Maybe you will never feel it again. It so hard to leave and face the unknown leave your comfort zone, and end something because it is so hard to realize you have to start another start of fresh.
Starting afresh is so not appealing have you ever been in the terror of shifting house like moving your entire home and room and everything and shift to a new one . Even if the new house in the locality and your new home which you are moving to is much much better than it was in the previous one.
That is what xaireaphobia is,the fear of saying goodbye in the fear that you have to get into a new one and start all over again and start from scratch.This is a real common thing like in above as you shifted your house now and then you got to go to a new school and make new friends all over again we have got to wave goodbye to all friends and make new ones all over again all over from the scratch.
we face the fear of saying goodbye because always humans do is search for acceptance all we ever wanted acceptance like if your parents praise you for a certain thing we become happy why because they are giving your acceptance.
that’s what is Xaireaphobia. It exists because the people around the world aren’t very accepting. If acceptance flows in the fear of goodbyes won’t pertain.
And yes,
Fun fact I am a Xaireaphobic.

Master plan of China- DISCLOSED!!!

The life after the pandemic situation will not be normal again as this pandemic situation is also not normal.

Knowingly or unknowingly the virus developed in China (according to news) created the biggest impact in the health and economic sector of the world. Nobody knows how much time will it take to come out completely from this pandemic situation. China with the most power in terms of technology and population might have a master plan to be executed in the name of Novel Corona virus by supplying the goods of medical department and further other essential commodities which might be needed by the people in the near future to the world and soon they will earn billions of dollar by supplying it to the world. So, again now world will depend more on China than before.

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We as a responsible citizen of India, need to stop the master plan of China as in the near future it will harm us very very badly. Let us understand by an example, India is surrounded by countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri lanka, Nepal this all countries have taken huge amount of money from China like wise Pakistan took huge money from China to develop a road passing from the mountain, so now Pakistan is in debt to pay the money and in return China can do anything to gain the money back. Pakistan took more money from China than from IMF, and has to pay around 19 billion US$, which will be extremely hard for Pakistan. In the same way Sri lanka owes 1.4 billion US$ which is left over from from 99 years and now China will ask for payback or will capture the Sri lanka. Bangladesh debt for 64.9 billion US$. India is also in debt of paying to China, but China will not capture India first it will first capture our surrounding countries and than head towards India. So, we need to become very attentive towards each step of China and understand their activity, we also need to stop buying Chinese goods to save our country and instead go for Made In India goods. JAY HIND…

made-in-india-vector-16416448

How to deal with a break-up.

1. Say yes to every social invitation.
the experience of accepting those invitations will not allow you to create new friendships but also remind yourself that you can be single without being alone.

2. Rebuild your self esteem.
after breakup, it is very very common to start making a party of physical appearance and personality traits, common to start having second thoughts about the self esteem about yourself, question in what areas you are like in that cause the breakup. Instead focus on what really value in yourself and what qualities you brought to the relationship.

3.Let go of the idea of closure.
one thing you need to understand is that underneath the desperate need foreclosure is a desired to get back together. If the other person isn’t able to tell you why they no longer want to be with you tell yourself that the fact that your former partner couldn’t commit, or didn’t love you enough, is all the explanation you need to properly closed that chapter.

4.Avoid having a rebound.
when you make impulse decisions, like jumping head first into another relationship. It means you are trying to find a way to avoid feeling hurt.Instead, let yourself acknowledge the pain and understand that being a responsible person means dealing with it. Be willing to get into the pain.

5. Try new places.
once a week find a coffee shop or restaurant you ever been to and invite at least one friend to go with you. Because I am speaking this from my own perspective family places bring back memories. Though do the person I am with right now gives only the best memories of my life for now but 8 this will help to break up your usual routine and get away from the places that you would always go to with your former partner.

I want save these were the things that I took to get out of that face because what happened with me was very different with what should happen to you everyone’s experience differs so I won’t say this was what I went to understood what I did but this is a very general idea that what a person should do to you know this get out of that phase. But what I did back when will be a story for a different time but for now I am really really happy with the person I am with.
So that’s it for this.
Ciao for now.

Ranveer Singh

Ranveer Singh is one of the greatest actors in the bollywood. He was born on 6th july, 1985. He is a recipient of many awards including the Filmfare Award. He is amongst the highest paid actors in the bollywood cinema and has featured in Forbes India’s Celebrity 100 since 2012.

He was born in Mumbai, Maharashtra. His full name is Ranveer Singh Bhavnani. His mother’s and father’s name is Anju and Jagjit Singh Bhavnani respectively. His grandparents moved to Bombay from Karachi, Sindh, in present-day Pakistan, during the Partition of India. He has an elder sister named Ritika Bhavnani. Singh is the maternal third cousin of Sonam Kapoor, daughter of actor Anil Kapoor and wife Sunita Kapoor (née Bhavnani).Singh explains that he dropped his surname Bhavnani, since he felt that the name would have been “too long, too many syllables”, thus downplaying his brand as a “saleable commodity”.

In January 2010, Singh was called for an audition by Shanoo Sharma, the head of the casting division for Yash Raj Films. They informed him that it was for a lead role in their film titled Band Baja Baaraat a romantic comedy set in the world of wedding planning. Aditya Chopra, the vice president of the company, later saw the audition tapes on video and was impressed by Singh’s acting, and decided that he fit the part of Bittoo Sharma, the hero of the film. However, writer-director Maneesh Sharma needed some more convincing and he was called for a few more auditions over the next two weeks until the three were completely convinced of his caliber. After the two weeks of testing, Singh was confirmed for the role of Bittoo, with Anushka Sharma playing the female lead.

He did a number of films, for example, Gully Boy(2019), Padmaavat(2018), Simmba(2018), Befikre(2016), Bajirao Mastani(2015), Dil Dhadakane Do(2015), Gunday(2014), Kill Dil(2014), Lootera(2013), Ram-Leela(2013), Ladies vs Ricky Bahl(2011), Band Baja Baaraat(2010) and many more.

In the year 2018, he married his girlfriend Deepika Padukone, she is also one of the best and finest actress in the world of bollywood. They dated each other for about 6 years and finally in 2018, they got married at Lake Como.