Cryptocurrency: Rise and Fall of Digital Currency

The advent of cryptocurrency has been a game-changer for the financial world. It was supposed to be the future of money, but the reality is far from it. The majority of cryptocurrencies, despite having a good start, have failed to sustain their position in the market. This article will delve into the reasons behind the failure of many CryptocurrenciesBlockchain Experiments.

Types of Cryptocurrency

Before diving into the reasons, it’s important to understand the different types of cryptocurrencies. There are several types of cryptocurrencies, but the most common ones are:

Bitcoin: The first and most well-known cryptocurrency, Bitcoin was created in 2009.

Ethereum: A decentralized platform for building decentralized applications (dapps) and smart contracts.

Ripple (XRP): A digital currency for cross-border transactions that’s aimed at financial institutions.

Litecoin: A peer-to-peer cryptocurrency that’s similar to Bitcoin but faster and with a lower transaction fee.

Tether: A stablecoin that’s pegged to the US dollar, ensuring stability and avoiding price volatility.

Lack of Regulation

The Dark Side of Cryptocurrency

One of the biggest reasons for the failure of many cryptocurrencies is the lack of regulation. Cryptocurrencies operate in a decentralized manner, making it challenging to regulate their activities. The lack of regulation has led to several fraudulent activities in the cryptocurrency market, including Ponzi schemes, money laundering, and hacking. This has resulted in the loss of millions of dollars for investors and has eroded the trust of the public in cryptocurrencies.

Technical Challenges

Title: The Technical Hurdles of Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrencies also face several technical challenges, including scalability and security issues. The decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies has resulted in a slow and costly transaction process. This makes it difficult for cryptocurrencies to compete with traditional payment methods like credit cards and online payment platforms. Additionally, the security of cryptocurrencies is also a major concern, with several exchanges and wallets being hacked, resulting in the loss of millions of dollars’ worth of cryptocurrencies.

Competition from Traditional Finance

Title: The Battle between Cryptocurrency and Traditional Finance

Cryptocurrencies face stiff competition from traditional finance, which has a much more established and trusted infrastructure. The lack of acceptance of cryptocurrencies by merchants and consumers has hindered their growth, making it challenging for them to compete with traditional payment methods. Additionally, traditional finance has the advantage of being well-regulated, which has helped to build trust in the industry.

Lack of Awareness and Understanding

Title: The Gap in Public Understanding

Another reason for the failure of many cryptocurrencies is the lack of awareness and understanding among the general public. Many people are still not aware of the potential benefits of cryptocurrencies and how they work. Additionally, the complex nature of cryptocurrencies has made it difficult for people to understand and trust them. This lack of understanding has resulted in many people being hesitant to invest in cryptocurrencies, leading to their failure.

The Overcrowded Cryptocurrency Market

Another reason for the failure of many cryptocurrencies is the saturated market. With the increasing popularity of cryptocurrencies, many new coins have been introduced, leading to an overcrowded market. This has made it challenging for new coins to gain traction and compete with established coins. Additionally, the large number of coins has resulted in many of them becoming worthless, making it difficult for investors to differentiate between a good investment and a bad one.

The saturation of the market has also led to a lack of innovation, as most new coins are just copies of existing ones with minor modifications. This has resulted in an unsustainable market, where many coins are struggling to survive and investors are losing their money.

Moreover, the crowded market has also created a highly competitive environment, where coins are constantly fighting for market share. This has resulted in a price war, where coins are lowering their prices in order to attract more users. This price war, combined with the lack of innovation, has made it challenging for many coins to remain profitable, leading to their failure.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the failure of many cryptocurrencies is due to several factors, including the lack of regulation, technical challenges, competition from traditional finance, and a lack of awareness and understanding. Despite these challenges, cryptocurrencies have the potential to revolutionize the financial world if they can overcome these obstacles and gain the trust of the public. As the cryptocurrency market continues to evolve, it will be interesting to see how these challenges will be addressed and what the future holds for this digital currency.

An Overview of the Rapidly Growing DeFi Ecosystem

The DeFi (Decentralized Finance) ecosystem is a rapidly growing sector in the world of finance. DeFi refers to a new financial system built on top of Bitcoin Loophole Technology, which operates without intermediaries or centralized control. DeFi has gained significant traction over the past few years, with the total value locked in DeFi protocols reaching an all-time high of over $80 billion in January 2021.

The Benefits of DeFi

Photo by RODNAE Productions on Pexels.com

Subtitle: Decentralization

One of the key benefits of DeFi is that it is built on decentralized networks, meaning that it operates on a peer-to-peer (P2P) basis without intermediaries. This makes DeFi more transparent, secure, and resistant to censorship or fraud, compared to traditional financial systems. Decentralization also means that DeFi users have control over their own financial assets, without the need for intermediaries such as banks or other financial institutions.

Accessibility

Another advantage of DeFi is its accessibility. Unlike traditional financial systems, which often require extensive documentation and can be difficult to access for people without bank accounts, DeFi is accessible to anyone with an internet connection. This makes DeFi a valuable tool for people in countries with underdeveloped financial systems, or for those who are unbanked or underbanked.

Innovation

DeFi is also driving innovation in the world of finance. DeFi protocols are being developed at an incredible pace, offering new financial products and services that were previously not possible. For example, DeFi protocols now offer P2P lending and borrowing, yield farming, stablecoins, and prediction markets, among other services. The DeFi ecosystem is also constantly evolving, with new protocols and products being developed all the time.

The Risks of DeFi

Security

While DeFi offers many benefits, it also comes with its own set of risks. One of the main risks is security. Because DeFi protocols operate on blockchain technology, they are vulnerable to hacking and other forms of cyberattacks. This can result in the loss of funds for DeFi users. To mitigate these risks, it is important for DeFi users to educate themselves on the security measures that are in place, such as multi-signature wallets and smart contract auditing.

Volatility

Another risk associated with DeFi is volatility. Because many DeFi protocols are built on cryptocurrencies, the value of these assets can be highly volatile. This can result in substantial losses for DeFi users if they are not properly hedged against the risks of volatility. To mitigate this risk, it is important for DeFi users to understand the nature of the assets they are holding and to have a solid risk management strategy in place.

Regulation

Regulation is another risk for the DeFi ecosystem. While DeFi operates on decentralized networks, it is still subject to the laws and regulations of the countries in which it operates. This can result in challenges for DeFi protocols and for users, who may be required to comply with various regulations and reporting requirements. To mitigate these risks, it is important for DeFi protocols to understand the regulatory environment in which they operate and to work closely with regulators to ensure that they are in compliance.

Conclusion

The DeFi ecosystem is a rapidly growing sector in the world of finance, offering many benefits such as decentralization, accessibility, and innovation. However, it also comes with its own set of risks, such as security, volatility, and regulation. To mitigate these risks, it is important for DeFi users to educate themselves on the security measures that are in place and to have a solid risk management strategy in place. This includes understanding the nature of the assets they are holding and being aware of the regulatory environment in which they operate. As the DeFi ecosystem continues to grow and evolve, it will be important for users to stay informed and to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the sector. With the right knowledge and preparation, DeFi has the potential to revolutionize the world of finance and provide new and innovative financial services to people all over the world.

5 Mistakes to Avoid When Trading Cryptocurrencies

The rise of cryptocurrencies has created a new arena for investors and traders alike. While the potential rewards can be significant, there are also significant risks involved. To succeed in the world of cryptocurrency trading, it is crucial to avoid common mistakes. In this article, we will explore five things to avoid when trading cryptocurrencies. Learn more: https://immediateprofit.app/

Failing to Conduct Proper Research

The Importance of Research

One of the most significant mistakes made by cryptocurrency traders is failing to conduct proper research. Before investing in any cryptocurrency, it is crucial to understand the technology behind it, its current market trends, and its future potential. Failure to conduct proper research can result in making poor investment decisions and significant financial losses.

Failing to Diversify Your Portfolio

The Benefits of Portfolio Diversification

Another mistake made by many cryptocurrency traders is failing to diversify their portfolios. Investing in only one cryptocurrency can be a high-risk strategy, as the price of that particular cryptocurrency can be highly volatile. Diversifying your portfolio across several cryptocurrencies can help to reduce the overall risk of your investment and improve your chances of success.

Trading Based on Emotion

Avoiding Emotional Trading

One of the most significant challenges facing cryptocurrency traders is avoiding emotional trading. The highly volatile nature of cryptocurrencies can lead to emotional responses, such as fear, greed, and panic, which can cause traders to make poor investment decisions. It is crucial to maintain a level head and avoid making impulsive decisions based on emotions.

Not Staying Up-to-Date with Market Trends

The Importance of Staying Informed

Cryptocurrency markets are fast-paced and highly dynamic, making it essential to stay up-to-date with the latest market trends. Failing to do so can result in missing out on significant investment opportunities or making poor investment decisions based on outdated information. Regularly monitoring news and developments in the cryptocurrency market can help to ensure that you are making informed investment decisions.

The Advantages and Risks of Keeping Crypto Assets on Trading Platforms”

When it comes to trading cryptocurrencies, one of the key decisions traders face is where to store their assets. While there are several options, including using a hardware wallet, software wallet, or a paper wallet, many traders choose to keep their crypto assets on a trading platform. In this article, we will explore the advantages and risks of maintaining your crypto assets on a trading platform.

Advantages:

Convenience: Keeping your crypto assets on a trading platform provides convenience as you can easily access your assets to make trades or withdrawals. It eliminates the need to constantly transfer your assets between different wallets or platforms.

Speed: Trading platforms are designed for high-frequency trading, making it easy to quickly execute trades and take advantage of market opportunities.

Security: Many trading platforms have security measures in place, such as two-factor authentication, to help protect your assets from cybercrime.

Risks:

Exchange Hacks: Despite security measures, trading platforms can be vulnerable to cyber-attacks and exchange hacks, putting your assets at risk.

Loss of Control: When you store your assets on a trading platform, you are relying on the platform to keep your assets safe. In the event of a security breach or other issue, you may lose control over your assets.

Limited Access: Some trading platforms have restrictions on withdrawing your assets, or may limit the types of assets you can hold, limiting your options for managing your investments.

Not Protecting Your Investment

The Necessity of Secure Investment Strategies

Finally, failing to protect your investment is another common mistake made by cryptocurrency traders. With the increasing number of cyber-attacks on cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets, it is crucial to ensure that your investment is secure. Implementing best practices, such as using secure wallets, two-factor authentication, and keeping your private keys safe, can help to reduce the risk of loss due to cybercrime.

Conclusion:

The world of cryptocurrency trading can be highly rewarding, but it also comes with significant risks. By avoiding the five common mistakes discussed in this article, traders can improve their chances of success and protect their investments. Proper research, portfolio diversification, avoiding emotional trading, staying up-to-date with market trends, and implementing secure investment strategies are all crucial components of a successful cryptocurrency trading strategy.

International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023

by Shashikant Nishant Sharma

International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023 aims to provide an opportunity to academics and practitioners around the world to discuss and share the contemporary issues of business and social science research. The proposed conference provides an outlet for high quality research in all areas of accounting, CSR, finance, economics, econometrics, education, information technology, Islamic finance and Sharia, law, management, marketing, social business and multidisciplinary. Aim of our peer-reviewed conference is to bring together the world’s leading scholars and opinion leaders and to increase our understanding of emerging scientific issues and research methodologies relating to business management, economic and social sciences. Please, engage freely in discussions, share your ideas and build relationships among the group of international researchers.

International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023 will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Different areas of Studies and Education. ICMR is a platform for researchers, scientists, scholars, students and industry professionals from around the world to present their current research, and foster alliances with peers. The goal of this Conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern engineering and applied sciences concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Studies and Education. The Conference will also have a space for companies or institutions to present their innovations and research results.

Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation and Collaboration

Social and Human Sciences
Arts and Humanities
Natural and Physical Sciences
Computer and Information sciences
Engineering and Technology
Medical and Health Sciences
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Social and Human Sciences
Psychology – Cognitive science, Applied psychology, Social psychology
Economics, Business and Financing – Economics, Econometrics, Business, International trade, Banking, Financing
Management and Marketing – Micro and Macroeconomics, HRM
Educational sciences – School education, ICT in education and learning, Formal and Non-formal education
Sociology, Demography, Anthropology, ethnology, Social issues, Family studies, Social work
Law – Human rights, History of law, Legal studies, constitutions, comparative law
Political science – Organisation theory, Public administration
Other social and human sciences

Arts and Humanities
History and Archaeology – Cultural heritage, cultural memory, Historical geography
Languages and Literature – Literary theory, Linguistics
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion – Theology, Philosophy, history of philosophy
Arts and Performance Studies
Other arts and humanities – Human rights, History of law, Legal studies, constitutions, comparative law

Natural and Physical Sciences
Mathematics – Pure mathematics, Applied mathematics, Statistics and probability
Physical sciences – Atomic, molecular and chemical physics, Nuclear physics, Optics, Acoustics, Astronomy
Chemical sciences – Applied and industrial chemistry, Organic and Inorganic chemistry
Earth and related Environmental sciences – Mineralogy, Palaeontology, Geology, Environmental sciences, Climatic research
Biological sciences – Cell biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and molecular biology, Genetics
Other natural and physical sciences

Computer and Information sciences
Computer architecture – Hardware platforms, Parallelled computing, Cloud computing, HPC
Networking – Network design, Signal processing and transmission, Sensor networks, Ad-hoc networks
Software – Software design and development, Operating systems, Open source, Design patterns
Web development – Information systems, E-commerce, E-business
Intelligent systems – Artificial intelligence, Computer vision, Human Computer interaction, Image processing, Pattern recognition and classification
Databases – Data processing and management, Data storage
Other Computer and Information Sciences

Engineering and Technology
Civil engineering – Architecture, Construction, Transport engineering
Electrical and Electronic engineering – Robotics and automatic control, Automation and control systems, Computer hardware and architecture
Mechanical engineering – Applied mechanics, Thermodynamics
Chemical engineering
Materials engineering – Ceramics, Coating and films, Paper and wood
Medical engineering – Architecture, Construction, Transport engineering
Other engineering – Space, Aeronautics, Nano-technology

Medical and Health Sciences
Basic medicine – Toxicology, Anatomy and morphology, Immunology, Pharmacology and pharmacy
Clinical medicine – Paediatrics, Hematology, Surgery
Health sciences – Epidemiology, Nursing, Public and environmental health
Other medical and health sciences

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries
Animal and Dairy science
Ecology and Environment
Veterinary science
Other agricultural and environmental sciences

How to submit papers

Send your paper using the form given here

Sahil Baid

Articles written by Sahil Baid during Aug. 2022 to Feb 2023

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5. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/03/academic-degrees-in-india/

6. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/04/business-software-and-types/

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13. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/11/new-education-policy-key-highlights/

14. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/12/rural-development/

15. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/13/sdg-2-zero-hunger/

16. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/14/journalism-and-its-aspects/

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19. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/17/branding-and-its-components/

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21. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/19/youtube-marketing-and-its-benefits/

22. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/20/make-in-india-explained/

23. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/21/rbi-heading-to-curb-prevailing-inflation/

24. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/22/using-upi-is-not-going-to-be-chargeable-clarified/

25. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/23/online-professional-degrees/

26. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/24/government-policies-regarding-education-in-india/

27. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/25/national-sports-day-3/

28. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/26/india-to-be-next-global-saas-capital/

29. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/27/sustainable-development-3/

30. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/28/why-were-noidas-twin-tower-demolished/

31. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/29/swot-analysis-explained/

32. https://eduindex.org/2022/08/31/bcg-matrix/

33. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/01/business-ethics-and-its-scope/

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35. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/05/teachers-day-12/

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37. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/08/social-responsibility-and-why-it-is-important-for-modern-businesses/

38. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/08/seat-belt-to-be-mandatory-for-all-passengers-in-car/

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42. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/12/what-is-business-process-outsourcing-bpo/

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44. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/14/first-step-to-become-a-major-semi-conductor-hub-by-india/

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47. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/17/role-of-msme-sector-in-indian-economy/

48. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/18/reducing-indias-forex-reserves/

49. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/19/inflation-and-its-types/

50. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/20/how-upi-is-financial-revolution/

51. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/21/international-day-of-peace/

52. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/22/what-does-moonlighting-mean/

53. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/23/national-logistics-policy/

54. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/24/depreciating-rupee/

55. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/25/indias-foreign-direct-investmentfdi-to-be-accumulated-to-whopping-100-billion-by-the-end-of-this-fiscal-year/

56. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/26/major-types-of-economic-system-in-the-world/

57. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/27/emerging-career-options-among-indian-youth/

58. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/28/it-employees-are-rewarded-with-double-digit-salary-hike-before-the-festive-season/

59. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/29/tips-for-faster-promotion-in-jobs/

60. https://eduindex.org/2022/09/30/home-grown-alternative-to-gps-know-all-about-indias-navic/

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69. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/09/know-about-indias-first-solar-village/

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71. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/11/india-surpasses-japan-in-term-of-metro-rail-system-length-to-become-4th-largest-metro-system-in-the-world/

72. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/12/take-a-glance-at-imfs-latest-report-on-world-economy/

73. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/13/imfs-chief-praises-indias-economic-growth/

74. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/14/inflation-not-yet-in-control/

75. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/15/india-has-slipped-to-107th-rank-in-global-hunger-indexghi/

76. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/16/global-hunger-index-report-is-an-attempt-to-tarnish-indias-image-says-goi/

77. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/17/india-set-a-new-record-by-exporting-cellphones-more-than-1-billion-worth-in-september-month/

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79. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/19/rupee-slides-to-record-low-at-83-against-us-dollar/

80. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/20/russia-showed-a-great-gesture-of-friendship-towards-india-by-recognising-the-disputed-area-as-integral-part-of-indian-region/

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82. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/22/india-lost-159-billion-dollars-in-2021-due-to-heat-waves/

83. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/23/isros-new-achievement-launches-36-satellite-for-uk-based-oneweb/

84. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/25/indian-origin-rishi-sunak-become-britain-new-pm/

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86. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/26/status-of-indias-forex-reserve/

87. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/27/home-affordability-report-on-indian-cities/

88. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/28/neom-the-futuristic-sci-fi-city-of-saudi-arabia/

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90. https://eduindex.org/2022/10/30/rupee-might-slide-further-according-to-a-recent-report/

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92. https://eduindex.org/2022/11/14/usa-removes-india-from-its-currency-monitoring-list/

93. https://eduindex.org/2022/11/16/world-population-hits-8-billion/

94. https://eduindex.org/2022/11/28/china-organises-first-india-ocean-meeting-without-india/

95. https://eduindex.org/2022/11/28/japan-was-the-target-of-russia-before-invading-ukraine/

96. https://eduindex.org/2022/11/29/gujarats-gift-city-aims-to-be-financial-hub-of-asia/

97. https://eduindex.org/2022/11/29/mumbais-dharavi-redevelopment-project/

98. https://eduindex.org/2022/11/30/report-for-most-inclusive-nation-for-religious-minorities-india-tops-the-list/

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102. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/03/cost-of-living-index-by-eiu/

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104. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/04/india-jumps-to-48th-place-in-international-aviation-safety-ranking-dgca/

105. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/04/know-about-the-new-rule-in-north-korea-regarding-the-names-given-to-children/

106. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/05/indias-first-gold-atm-launched-in-hyderabad/

107. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/05/top-5-fastest-growing-states-by-gsdp/

108. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/06/india-assumes-g-20-presidency/

109. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/06/upi-payments-remains-favourite-mode-for-indians/

110. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/07/india-to-test-agni-v-missile/

111. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/07/passenger-cars-to-witness-a-price-hike-in-the-new-year/

112. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/08/india-likely-to-face-extreme-heat-waves/

113. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/08/how-roll-out-of-5g-services-will-help-indian-economy/

114. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/09/indian-telecom-sector-to-hire-staffs-laid-off-by-big-tech-mncs/

115. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/09/india-wont-be-a-us-ally-rather-a-great-power-wh-official/

116. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/10/uss-list-for-religious-freedom-pakistan-questioned-why-india-not-blacklisted/

117. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/10/india-to-become-a-hub-of-drone-technology/

118. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/11/one-need-to-spend-4-years-instead-of-3-to-graduate-in-honours-degree/

119. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/11/alternatives-to-layoff/

120. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/12/india-climbs-to-5th-spot-in-top-global-500-list-released-by-hurun/

121. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/12/russia-offers-india-large-ship-on-lease/

122. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/13/india-and-chinese-troops-clashes-on-border/

123. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/13/know-about-new-zealand-law-that-bans-smoking-for-next-generation/

124. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/14/vande-bharat-trains-has-faced-multiple-accidents-with-cattles-since-operation/

125. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/14/success-rate-of-indian-startup-is-higher-than-rest-of-the-world-said-the-commerce-minister/

126. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/15/take-a-loot-at-a-report-related-to-employability-of-indians-published-by-wheelbox-india-skill/

127. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/15/what-the-employees-around-globe-thinks-of-recommending-their-profession-to-the-next-generation-look-at-the-report/

128. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/16/amid-border-tension-with-china-india-tested-agni-v-missile/

129. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/16/what-is-hooch-tragedy-which-is-happening-in-bihar-recently/

130. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/17/ukraine-presidents-request-to-fifa-ahead-of-the-final-match/

131. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/17/russia-remains-indias-top-oil-supplier-for-the-month-of-november-too/

132. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/18/indian-navy-commissions-guided-missile-destroyer-ins-mormugao/

133. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/19/argentina-wins-fifa-world-cup/

134. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/19/keypoints-of-un-cop15-summit-held-at-canada/

135. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/20/after-russia-sri-lanka-to-use-indian-rupeeinr-for-internation-trade/

136. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/20/60-of-china-may-get-infected-by-covid-19-in-the-next-90-days-says-experts/

137. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/21/central-government-raised-more-than-4-lakh-crore-trough-disinvestment-since-2014/

138. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/21/health-minister-holds-a-meeting-today-on-covid-rising-concern/

139. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/22/india-doubled-its-steel-production-capacity-in-the-past-8-years-to-become-world-2nd-largest-steel-producing-country/

140. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/23/nation-to-hold-mock-drill-for-covid-emergency-responses/

141. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/23/center-to-introduce-bhagavad-gita-in-ncert-syllabus/

142. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/24/right-to-repair-portal-launched-to-handle-repair-related-issues-among-consumers/

143. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/24/which-is-the-most-favourite-beach-destination-for-indianssee-report/

144. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/25/a-report-released-by-taste-atlas-that-ranks-cuisine-all-around-the-world/

145. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/25/most-favourite-spritual-destination-report-by-oyo/

146. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/26/global-economy-is-headed-for-a-recession-in-2023-says-researcher/

147. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/26/how-the-climate-adversities-hit-india-in-2022/

148. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/27/medical-experts-suggests-of-second-covid-booster-dose-amid-rising-concern/

149. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/27/what-is-vostro-account-initiated-by-rbi-to-facilitate-smoother-trade/

150. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/28/amid-decline-in-chinas-construction-sector-india-emerges-as-saviour-for-global-steel-demand-says-report/

151. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/28/amid-covid-concerns-chinese-are-turning-to-black-market-india-made-meds/

152. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/29/rbi-emerges-as-the-top-buyer-of-gold-among-its-global-counterparts/

153. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/29/health-experts-says-the-next-40-days-will-be-crucial-for-india-amid-covid-surge-in-china/

154. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/30/indias-first-underwater-tunnel-to-be-built-in-west-bengal-expected-to-start-by-december-2023/

155. https://eduindex.org/2022/12/30/indian-rupees-was-worst-performing-asian-currencies-in-2022/

156. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/12/rrrs-nattu-nattu-song-wins-prestigious-golden-globe-award/

157. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/13/benguluru-tops-among-all-indian-cities-for-startup-funding-in-2022/

158. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/14/gold-hits-all-time-high/

159. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/15/indias-75th-army-day/

160. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/16/indias-trade-deficit-with-china-crosses-100-billion-for-the-first-time/

161. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/17/indias-top-1-percent-richest-own-40-percent-of-total-wealth/

162. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/18/chinas-first-population-fall-in-six-decades/

163. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/19/by-2027-india-could-assemble-1-in-2-iphone-according-to-a-report/

164. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/20/adani-enterprises-files-indias-largest-fpo/

165. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/21/know-about-trais-proposal-of-displaying-name-with-phone-number/

166. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/22/bharos-indias-indigenous-mobile-operating-system/

167. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/23/big-tech-companies-announced-layoff-for-around-70000-employees/

168. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/24/green-comet-a-rare-sight-on-earth-appearing-after-50000-years/

169. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/24/rrrs-song-nattu-nattu-nominated-for-oscar-in-best-original-song-category/

170. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/25/gold-surpasses-rupees-57000-per-10-grams/

171. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/25/5-billion-people-exposed-to-trans-fat-who-report/

172. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/26/indian-army-to-get-jetpack-suit/

173. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/26/foreign-universities-to-enter-in-india/

174. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/27/earths-core-may-spin-in-opposite-direction-says-expert/

175. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/27/stock-market-highlights-will-it-crash/

176. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/28/no-pre-installed-google-application-on-new-phones-read-more-about-cci-and-google-case/

177. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/29/top-most-online-platform-to-upskill-in-2023/

178. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/30/more-sector-should-be-added-to-current-pli-scheme-says-expert/

179. https://eduindex.org/2023/01/31/trending-words-of-2022/

180. https://eduindex.org/2023/02/03/upi-accounted-for-more-than-half-of-the-digital-transaction-in-fy-22/

Ghufrana

Articles written by Ghufrana during internship.

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-we-all-write-html-Not-easy-to-endure-in-this-great-world-may-Someone-is-mo?ch=10&oid=97672675&share=238440c5&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://newsijr.wordpress.com/2022/09/18/why-cant-you-if-they-are-alive/

https://newsijr.wordpress.com/2022/09/19/superstition/

https://edupubnews.wordpress.com/2022/10/01/shadow-puppetry-in-indiagender-role-divisions/

https://track2training.quora.com/Role-of-Non-Economic-factors-in-Development?ch=10&oid=76844009&share=d9278d80&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/Marxism-THEORY-OF-KARL-MARX-IN-TERM-OF-ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT?ch=10&oid=76843138&share=1ad0d106&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/A-White-Haired-Witch-Of-Lunar-Kingdom-2014?ch=10&oid=76842693&share=0c5b4a3b&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/The-Extraordinary-Adventures-of-Adele-Blanc-sec-2010?ch=10&oid=76842448&share=fb0d0b93&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/Beauty-And-The-Beast-2014?ch=10&oid=76842107&share=e781e624&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/Music?ch=10&oid=76841690&share=351c380e&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/Gadgets?ch=10&oid=76840629&share=d876fb68&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://newsijr.wordpress.com/2022/10/06/durga-puja-ravan-dahan/

https://eduindex.org/2022/10/07/web-series-2/

https://newsijr.wordpress.com/2022/10/14/inner-voice-episode-1/

https://edupubnews.wordpress.com/2022/10/28/new-policy-of-education-system-2022/

https://track2training.quora.com/New-policy-of-Education-system-2022-The-president-of-India-Sri-ramnath-kovind-inaugurated-a-virtual-conference-of-gover?ch=10&oid=86881344&share=7abff134&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://edupubnews.wordpress.com/2022/10/28/rishi-sunak-prime-minister-of-uk/

https://eduindex.org/2022/10/31/okay/

https://eduindex.org/2022/11/04/a-film-review/

https://track2training.quora.com/http-eduindex-org-2022-11-04-a-film-review-The-Sleepover-2020-Director-TRISH-SIE-Genre-Exciting-Action-Adventu?ch=10&oid=87681456&share=4228a4f7&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/https-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-youthe-only-you-html-Its-my-fortune-to-have-you-unfortunately-no-matter?ch=10&oid=97490194&share=0eeab3c4&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/http-eduindex-org-2023-01-15-to_the-second-person-you-To-The-Second-Person-You-For-you-Always-be-you-And-if-I-s?ch=10&oid=97489410&share=9a682550&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/http-eduindex-org-2023-01-15-to_the-second-person-you-To-The-Second-Person-You-For-you-Always-be-you-And-if-I-s-1?ch=10&oid=97489458&share=dee3dacf&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-depression-html-Some-feelings-are-like-old-familiar-friends-Depression-is-l?ch=10&oid=97492297&share=66bd0af5&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-why-cant-you-if-they-are-alive-html-Why-cant-you-if-they-are-Alive-Just-in?ch=10&oid=97670912&share=599086be&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-superstition-html-A-landscape-appearance-not-too-far-but-a-meeting-of-impos?ch=10&oid=97671772&share=eb5accf8&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/?ch=10&oid=2741616&share=396067ef&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=tribe

https://track2training.quora.com/What-China-wants-with-tiktok-users-data-1?ch=10&oid=1477743633156467&share=b8650b67&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=answer

https://track2training.quora.com/Hence-there-are-people-who-dont-know-the-importance-of-Republic-day-and-not-even-they-know-how-to-devote-their-self?ch=10&oid=97877697&share=e0f8d2e7&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/When-you-least-expect-it-Nature-has-cunning-ways-of-findings-our-weakest-spot-Just-remember-Im-here-Right-now-you-ma?ch=10&oid=97906847&share=4006e48e&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-a-spark-of-that-phase-html-Okay-Even-Surroundings-are-murmuring-but-Im-o?ch=10&oid=97911094&share=b0b284c4&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-02-when-you-least-expect-it-html-Surroundings-are-all-around-and-you-assume-tha?ch=10&oid=98942557&share=07026d60&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

When you least expect it

Surroundings are all around and you assume that people are staring at you which is not real it’s only a trauma and fear of being in Surroundings because you’re still processing to overcome totally. You are afraid of getting dragged again into that past phase where you’ve suffered a lot in an afloat and even in present you’re working on it.Taking steps one after one fearfully like a single wrong step can ruin whole things,things that are going nowadays smoothly a bit. That wrong step may be to be in an unwanted environment or carrying complicated conversation or to stay alone all the time or there may be triggering elements replayed in your unconscious while you sleep.

Everywhere there is fear fear fear and fear of getting betrayed ;no idea how it will. Ignoring all these happenings with great efforts you restarted new life where there is no harm you checked,no negativity checked in practical life the only thing you have to focus on is your health,your passion and on your coming bright everything you assume is good and effective but suddenly something arrives. Neither in your workplace nor in your home it arrives in your unconscious mind where no one is real,not even the place. Suddenly it starts when you go to bed after a long tired day to reduce the stress but as soon as you sleep your unconscious starts dreaming of all the bad ruckus ,chaos and negativity which starts reminding of all that affected you in the past. For a few days you got no affection for it,but as much as time is going and unconsciously replaying all bad stuff very smoothly you failed to neglect.

It is like a reminder of fear of getting betrayed that you have faced worsened which you never want to deal and even you don’t have that much courage to face that situations in coming time,it’s something you can avoid those past happened things but cannot deal with it again but mind is playing against your body and allows unconsciousness to triggers you in that way where you can’t even breathe while you sleep.

When you least expect it

UPI accounted for more than half of the digital transaction in FY 22.

Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the digital payment system that rides on smartphones and increased internet connectivity, has shown a quantum jump and is now a preferred mode of payment.

The Economic Survey released on 31st January said “the progress of UPI has been remarkable”. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2022, UPI accounted for 52 per cent of the total 8,840 crore financial digital transactions. “In December 2022, UPI touched its highest-ever mark with Rs 12.8 lakh crore worth of transactions,” the survey said.

It showed that UPI transactions touched a new high in December with 782 crore transactions worth Rs 12.8 lakh crore. On an average, over 2019-22 calendar years, the growth in UPI-based transactions in value and volume terms has been 121% and 115%, respectively.

UPI accounted for more than half of the digital transaction in FY 22.

Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the digital payment system that rides on smartphones and increased internet connectivity, has shown a quantum jump and is now a preferred mode of payment.

UWI Discrimination: Why no Hindu or Islamic BA Theology degree?

By Dr. Kumar Mahabir

It sits innocently in the Undergraduate Humanities Programmes list, alphabetically bookended by Theatre Arts and Visual Arts. Yet the University of the West Indies (UWI) Bachelor of Arts BA Theology degree is a jarring testament to the religious and ethnic discrimination that still exists in the highest institution of education in our nation, paying lip service to diversity, equity and inclusion as core values.

Taught every year at the St Augustine (Trinidad) campus by members of the Seminary of St John Vianney and the Ugandan Martyrs since 1970, UWI’s Theology degree is unapologetically Christian and Catholic in content. The syllabus comprises courses in Biblical and Pastoral Studies, History of the Christian Church in the Caribbean, Perspectives in Christology, and Principles of Christian Ethics.

But Trinidad and Tobago is an ethnically diverse society. While the largest segment of the population is Christian, a significant portion – almost 20% – is Hindu, 5.7% is Spiritual Baptist /Shouter, 5% is Muslim, and a small proportion is Rastafarian, Orishan and other denominations. Moreover, a growing percentage considers itself non-religious (2.2%) or does not choose to state its religion (11.1%). Ideally, the theology programme at the nation’s prime tertiary institution should reflect this diversity. But this is not the case, despite it not even being the first time that this concern has been raised.

Almost 20 years ago, Parshuram Maharaj, an executive member of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha, wrote a well-reasoned letter, published in the Newsday on October 7, 2003. He pointed out that while the meaning of theology has traditionally been restricted to a narrow understanding due to its Greek and Christian origin, in the broadest sense, it is widely accepted as meaning “the science of God or of religion; the science which teaches of the existence, character and attributes of God, his laws and government, the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to practice; divinity”. He called on UWI to offer a Theology degree that reflected and represented the entire religious spectrum, as many of the leading universities of the world now do.

The University of Oxford, for example, which has a long history of preparing young men for the church, now offers Sanskrit, Pali and Qur’anic Arabic with New Testament Greek, Biblical Hebrew and Church Latin, and includes courses on Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism. Harvard University provides courses in African and Afro-Atlantic Religions, Ancient Near Eastern / Israelite religions, Buddhism, Christianity, East Asian religions, Greek-Hellenistic-Roman religions, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Religion in the Modern West / Religions of the Americas, and South Asian religions.

While no one is expecting UWI to provide so many alternatives, what it offers now fails the needs of this nation’s diverse population. There are private universities in Trinidad and Tobago that offer exclusively Christian theology programmes, as is their right to do so. But UWI is a not a private university. It is a public institution funded by taxpayers – Christian, Hindu, Muslim, Spiritual Baptist /Shouter, Orishan, Rastafarian, atheist, etc. – all taxpayers.

Since Maharaj’s impassioned plea 20 years ago, nothing has changed. Is it any wonder, though, for according to UWI’s most recent prospectus, the Theology Department comprises 2 bishops, 2 monseigneurs, 5 nuns and 16 reverends among its 27 academic staff? Not a lot of religious diversity there. In UWI’s Theology degree, Hinduism, Islam and “Afro-Caribbean Expressions” are mentioned in just one course – Comparative Religion – out of a total of 38.

But this must change, even it has to be taken to the Privy Council by my eminent attorney, Anand Ramlogan, SC.

In her induction speech on January 22, 2023, the new Principal of the St Augustine Campus of UWI, Professor Rose-Marie Belle Antoine, spoke compellingly of the need for UWI to be more inclusive and to play a key role in healing wounds in our society. An excellent starting point for this, if such encouraging words are to be taken seriously. The new Principal should now remove religious bias from the Theology Department and provide complementary Hindu and Islamic programmes, while a certificate or diploma programme can be introduced for smaller religious groups.

Why not allow non-Christian religious denominations to design and deliver their own programmes with university funding, support, cooperation and supervision, as the Catholic seminary has been doing since 1970? There could at least be a Centre for Hindu Studies similar to the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies. Muslims and others could also create their own syllabi. The sooner this happens the better. In 2019, UWI registered only 11 new admissions to, and 4 graduates from, the Theology Department, suggesting that a serious overhaul is needed in order to create dynamic programmes relevant to our whole society. This will be a vital step on the path to making Trinidad and Tobago a nation where “every creed and race” can truly “find an equal place”.

Dr. Kumar Mahabir is an anthropologist, university lecturer, and the Executive Director of the weekly Indo-Caribbean Cultural Centre ZOOM programme. dmahabir@gmail.com WhatsApp +1 868 756 4961

5 must-visit places in Bhubaneshwar

Lingaraja Temple

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The 54m-high Lingaraj Mandir dedicated to Shiva dates from 1090 to 1104 – though some parts are more than 1400 years old–and is surrounded by several smaller temples and shrines. The granite block within, representing Tribhubaneswar (Lord of Three Worlds), is bathed daily with water, milk and bhang (marijuana). The main gate, guarded by two mustachioed yellow lions, is a spectacle in itself as lines of pilgrims approach with offerings in hand. The temple is closed to non-Hindus.

Given the high compound wall, foreigners can view the temple’s interiors only from a viewing platform (this may also include Hindu foreigners). Face the main entrance, walk right, then follow the wall around to the left and find the viewing platform on your left, just before you reach Chitrakarini Temple. There is occasional aggressive hassling for ‘donations’ at the viewing platform. The money will not go to the temple, so stand your ground and do not pay.

Location: Lingaraj Road, Old Town Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Timings: 5:00 AM to 9:00 PM
Entry Fees: No entry fee

Nandankanan Zoological Park

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Spread over 400 hectares in the Chandaka forest lies the impressive Nandankanan Zoological Park. Located on the banks of Kanjia Lake, this zoo is home to over 67 kinds of mammals, 81 species of birds and 18 varieties of reptiles. It was the first zoo in India to join the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) and also houses a botanical garden. Visitors can see black panthers, white tigers, gharial crocodiles and many other animals, birds and reptiles in an attempt to maintain the natural balance of nature against the growing urbanisation of Bhubaneswar.

Price: Budget

Opening hours: 7.30am-5.30pm (April–September), 8am-5pm (October–March); Closed Monday.

Odisha State Museum

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Wondering what to do in Bhubaneswar? Visit Odisha State Museum, which houses a treasure trove of artifacts emphasizing the magnificent history of the state and the families which ruled it for centuries. The museum, established in the year 1948, houses the best collection of erratic palm-leaf manuscripts, scroll paintings, folk musical instruments, and Bronze Age tools.

Location: Near Lewis Road, Kalpana Square, BJB Nagar Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Timings: 10 AM to 5.00 PM
Entry Fees: INR 10 for Indians and INR 50 for foreigners

Pathani Samanta Planetarium

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The Pathani Samanta Planetarium was recognized to create awareness of astrophysics, astronomy, and space science. Multiple shows, workshops, regular conferences about outer space are organized here. There is an extensive library with an impressive number of books from the field of astronomy, science and technology are there.

Location: Sachivalaya Marg Acharya Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Timings: 1.00 PM to 5:45 PM
Entry Fees: INR 30

Udayagiri & Khandagiri Caves

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Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves are located six kilometres to the west of Bhubaneswar. These caves offer a brief look into the history of Jain religion and Kalinga Empire. The names of these caves were derived from the hills on which they are located. The caves have been numbered according to the Archaeological Survey of India, Hatigumpha, and Ganesha Gumpha are the most popular in the area. Cave 1 is decked out by sculptural wall painting with carved figures of athletes, women, elephants, and geese carrying flowers.

Location: Khandagiri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Timings: 9.00 AM to 6.00 PM
Entry Fees: INR 15 for Indians and INR 200 for foreigners

7 intriguing facts of Jagannath Puri

Shri Jagannath’s Temple in Puri has uttermost importance for the Hindu devotees as it is one of the Char-Dham pilgrimages i.e. Puri, Dwaraka, Badrinath, and Rameshwar. This temple is famous for its annual Rath Yatra, but that’s not the sole reason people worship Lord Jagannath and Devi Subhadra and elder brother Lord Balabhadra.

Jagannath Puri is also famous for the mysteries and undefinable facts that catch the traveler’s eye worldwide. Devotees believe that all these are blessings of Lord Jagannath, and people who consider these as myths should visit the place themselves and find themselves dumbfounded. So, here are some most intriguing facts about Jagannath Puri.

1. No birds, no planes fly above the Lord

They say no one’s above God, so nothing flies above it. It’ll leave you surprised to encounter such a divine miracle that no birds, no planes fly above the temple. This is a rare contrast compared to other temples, as we have always seen birds resting on the top of temples are other entities. The temple is considered as a no-fly zone, not by any state government orders but by the Lord himself. And this phenomenon apparently has no scientific explanation.

2. Flag defying the power of wind

All of us know that any cloth flows towards wind direction, be it the sails of ship or the kites we flew in our childhoods. But here, the flag that flies atop of the Jagannath temple is an exception to this common principle. No scientific explanations reason the flag flow in the opposite direction of wind.

3. Mute oceans

Odisha Tourism : Puri Beach — As soon as you step inside the main door, i.e. Singha Dwara entrance of the temple, you can’t hear the burble of water. And this phenomenon is more prominent in the evenings. But once you step out the audibility of water returns. It’s said that Devi Subhadra wished for serenity inside the temple walls and by this her wish was duly fulfilled.

4. Neela Chakra at the pinnacle

The riddle of Neela Chakra (Blue wheel) has still been unsolved. First, just think about the fact, how did the wheel made of 8 different alloys and a 36 feet circumference get up there at the pinnacle with just a human force of that century. Second, the view of this wheel doesn’t really depend on the direction that we look at it from. It’s like it was designed to look the same from all directions.

5. The temple casts no shadows

Every small object/thing/ peoples have shadows. But ever wondered what if something doesn’t have a shadow? The temple Jagannath Puri doesn’t cast any shadow on any part of the day under sunlight. If this is not a miracle, what would it be; just an unexplained phenomenon with no scientific reason to back up.

6. The magical techniques to cook

The traditional methods for cooking the mahaprasadam have been preserved here from the start. They place exactly 7 pots, one above the other on the firewood. Enchantingly, the upper pot gets cooked first, followed by the rest in order.

7. Mahaprasad never goes vain here

In India, wasting food is considered as a bad sign; the temple crew lives by this same. So, here at Jagannath temple the food is never futile, even if the crowd of devotees may vary from 2,000 to 2,00,000. Miraculously, the Parsadam prepared every day is never wasted, not even a bite. Could this be an effective management or the Lord’s will?

After reading such celestial facts, you might want to see them yourself. So, do not forget to check these facts on your next trip to Odisha and share your experience with me.

Types of Data in Statistics

There are different types of data in Statistics, that are collected, analysed, interpreted and presented. The data are the individual pieces of factual information recorded, and it is used for the purpose of the analysis process. The two processes of data analysis are interpretation and presentation. Statistics are the result of data analysis. Data classification and data handling are important processes as it involves a multitude of tags and labels to define the data, its integrity and confidentiality. In this article, we are going to discuss the different types of data in statistics in detail.

What are Types of Data in Statistics?

The data is classified into majorly four categories:

Nominal data
Ordinal data
Discrete data
Continuous data

Further, we can classify these data as follows:

Let us discuss the different types of data in Statistics herewith examples.

Qualitative or Categorical Data

Qualitative data, also known as the categorical data, describes the data that fits into the categories. Qualitative data are not numerical. The categorical information involves categorical variables that describe the features such as a person’s gender, home town etc. Categorical measures are defined in terms of natural language specifications, but not in terms of numbers.

Sometimes categorical data can hold numerical values (quantitative value), but those values do not have a mathematical sense. Examples of the categorical data are birthdate, favourite sport, school postcode. Here, the birthdate and school postcode hold the quantitative value, but it does not give numerical meaning.

Nominal Data

Nominal data is one of the types of qualitative information which helps to label the variables without providing the numerical value. Nominal data is also called the nominal scale. It cannot be ordered and measured. But sometimes, the data can be qualitative and quantitative. Examples of nominal data are letters, symbols, words, gender etc.

The nominal data are examined using the grouping method. In this method, the data are grouped into categories, and then the frequency or the percentage of the data can be calculated. These data are visually represented using the pie charts.

Ordinal Data

Ordinal data/variable is a type of data that follows a natural order. The significant feature of the nominal data is that the difference between the data values is not determined. This variable is mostly found in surveys, finance, economics, questionnaires, and so on.

The ordinal data is commonly represented using a bar chart. These data are investigated and interpreted through many visualisation tools. The information may be expressed using tables in which each row in the table shows the distinct category.

Quantitative or Numerical Data

Quantitative data is also known as numerical data which represents the numerical value (i.e., how much, how often, how many). Numerical data gives information about the quantities of a specific thing. Some examples of numerical data are height, length, size, weight, and so on. The quantitative data can be classified into two different types based on the data sets. The two different classifications of numerical data are discrete data and continuous data.

Discrete Data

Discrete data can take only discrete values. Discrete information contains only a finite number of possible values. Those values cannot be subdivided meaningfully. Here, things can be counted in whole numbers.

Example: Number of students in the class

Continuous Data

Continuous data is data that can be calculated. It has an infinite number of probable values that can be selected within a given specific range.

Example: Temperature range

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Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation and Collaboration

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Lingaraja Temple

Nandankanan Zoological Park

Odisha State Museum

Pathani Samanta Planetarium

Udayagiri & Khandagiri Caves

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1. No birds, no planes fly above the Lord

2. Flag defying the power of wind

3. Mute oceans

4. Neela Chakra at the pinnacle

5. The temple casts no shadows

6. The magical techniques to cook

7. Mahaprasad never goes vain here

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What are Types of Data in Statistics?

Qualitative or Categorical Data

Nominal Data

Ordinal Data

Quantitative or Numerical Data

Discrete Data

Continuous Data

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